Solid state polymerization:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hoboken
Wiley
2009
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes index. |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 294 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780470084182 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Solid state polymerization |c ed. by Constantine D. Papaspyrides ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Hoboken |b Wiley |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 294 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804139114660888576 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | THE MOST CURRENT GUIDE TO
SOLID STATE POLYMERIZATION
Solid State Polymerization (SSP) is an indispensable tool in the design, manufac¬
ture, and study of polymers, plastics, and fibers. SSP presents significant advan¬
tages over other polymerization techniques due to low operating temperatures,
inexpensive equipment, and simple and environmentally sound procedures.
Combining fundamentals of polymer science, chemistry, physical chemistry,
and engineering, SSP also offers many research applications for a wide range of
students and investigators.
Gathering and filtering the latest literature on SSP, Solid State Polymerization
offers a unique, one-stop resource on this important process. With chapters
contributed by leaders in the field, this text summarizes SSP, and provides es¬
sential coverage that includes:
-
An introduction to SSP, with chemical and physical steps, apparatus,
advantages, and parameters
SSP physical chemistry and mechanisms
Kinetic aspects of polyesters and
polyamides SSP
■
Catalysis in SSP processes
Application of SSP under high pressure conditions in the laboratory
ingineering aspects regarding process modeling and industrial
application
Recent developments and future possibilities
Solid State Polymerization provides the most up-to-date coverage of this
constantly developing field to academic and industry professionals, as well as
graduate and postgraduate-level students in chemical engineering, materials
science and engineering, polymer chemistry, polymer processing and polymer
engineering.
CONSTANTINE
D. PAPASPYRIDES
is Professor and Director of the Labora¬
tory of Polymer Technology in the School of Chemical Engineering at the Na¬
tional Technical University of Athens, Greece. He has been ex-President of the
School and Visiting Professor/Consultant in Massachusetts Institute of Technol¬
ogy
(MIT), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich
(ΕΤΗ),
E.I.
du Pont
de Nemours
бе
Company,
Inc.
/
Invista, Inc.. and
Ciba
Lampertheim GmbH.
He serves on the editorial board for the journals Advances in Polymer Technol¬
ogy Journal (Wiley) and Progress in Rubber. Plastics and Recycling Technology
Journal (Rapra Technology!.
STAMATINA
N.
VOUYIOUKA is elected Lecturer in the School of Chemical
Engineering
at the National Technical Universitv of Athens in Greece.
CONTENTS
Contributors
xiii
Preface
xv
1
Fundamentals of Solid State Polymerization
1
С
D. Papaspyrides and S.
N.
Vouyiouka
1.1
Introduction,
2
1.1.1
Polymers and Plastics,
2
1.1.2
Polymerization Processes,
3
1.1.3
Introduction to Solid State Polymerization,
10
1.2
Solid State Polymerization of Chain-Growth Polymers (Solid
State Polyaddition),
11
1.3
Solid State Polymerization of Step-Growth Polymers (Solid
State Polycondensation),
14
1.3.1
Monomer Solid State Polymerization (Direct SSP),
16
1.3.2
Prepolymer Solid State Polymerization (Post-SSP, Solid
State Finishing),
21
1.4
Solid State Polymerization Apparatus and Assemblies,
26
15
Solid State Applications in the Polymer Industry,
28
1.5.1
Solid State Polymerization Advantages,
28
1.5.2
Post-Solid State Polymerization Application in
Polyamides, 28
1.6
Conclusions,
30
VII
viii CONTENTS
2
Solid State
Polymerization Chemistry and Mechanisms:
Unequal Reactivity of End Groups
39
Haibing Zhang and Saleh A. Jabarin
2.1
Introduction,
40
2.2
Special Characteristics of Solid State Polymerization,
40
2.3
Classical Kinetic Equations in Solid State Polymerization,
41
2.4
Model of Molecular Morphology and Chain-End Movement,
42
2.4.1
Definition of Chain-End Length in the Amorphous Phase,
42
2.4.2
How End Groups Move During Solid State Polymerization,
45
2.4.3
How Chain-End Length Affects the Movement of End
Groups,
46
2.5
Reactivity of End Groups,
47
2.5.1
Principles of Equal Reactivity of End Groups in Melt
Polymerization,
47
2.5.2
Principles of Unequal Reactivity of End Groups in Solid
State Polymerization,
47
2.5.3
Sources of Low Reactivity of End Groups,
48
2.6
Why Intrinsic Viscosity Levels Off During Solid State
Polymerization,
50
2.6.1
Definition of Residual Average Radius and Residual
End-Group Concentration,
50
2.6.2
Relationship Between
Лг
and
Έ,
51
2.6.3
Relationship Between
СГ,ЋГ,
and Ultimate IV,
52
2.6.4
Explanation of Temperature Effect on Solid State
Polymerization,
54
2.6.5
Explanation of Initial IV Effect on Solid State
Polymerization,
55
2.7
Solid State Polymerization Kinetics,
56
2.7.1
Kinetic Equation of Ideal Solid State Polymerization,
56
2.7.2
Empirical Kinetic Equation of Real Solid State
Polymerization,
59
2.8
Conclusions,
64
3
Kinetic Aspects of Polyester Solid State Polymerization
67
F. Piláti
and M. Toselli
3.1
Introduction,
68
3.2
Phenomena Involved in Solid State Polymerization of Polyesters,
69
3.2.1
Possible Reactions in Solid State Polymerization of
Polyesters,
69
CONTENTS ix
3.2.2
Chain Mobility and Diffusion of Low-Molecular-Weight
By-Products,
76
3.2.3
Kinetic and Diffusion Equations,
81
3.3
Modeling Solid State Polymerization of Polyesters,
89
3.3.1
Effects of Variables and Predictions Based on Kinetic
Models,
98
3.4
Solid State Polymerization of Typical Polyesters,
105
3.4.1
Polyethylene terephthalate),
106
3.4.2
PolyCbutylene terephthalate),
107
3.4.3
Polyethylene naphthalate),
109
3.4.4
Poly(trimethylene terephthalate),
110
3.4.5
PolyiL-lactic acid),
112
3.5
Conclusions,
113
4
Kinetic Aspects of
Polyamide
Solid State Polymerization
123
5. N.
Vouyiouka and C. D. Papaspyrides
4.1
Introduction,
123
4.2
Simple Kinetic Models of Solid State Polyamidation,
128
4.2.1
Fundamental Chemistry in Solid State Polyamidation,
128
4.2.2
Direct Solid State Polyamidation,
130
4.2.3
Prepolymer Solid State Polyamidation,
132
4.3
Simulation of Solid State Polyamidation,
136
4.4
Simple SSP Kinetics: The Case of Poly(hexamethylene adipamide),
139
4.4.1
Solid State Polymerization of
Hexamethylenediammonium Adipate,
139
4.4.2
Solid State Polymerization of Poly(hexamethylene
adipamide),
143
4.4.3
Compositional Effects in Solid State Polymerization of
Poly(hexamethylene
adipamide),
148
4.5
Conclusions,
153
5
Catalysis in Solid State Polymerization Processes
159
Rudolf Pfaendner
5.1
Introduction,
159
5.2
Catalysts in Polyester Solid State Polymerization Processes,
161
5.2.1
Metal
-Туре
Catalysts,
161
5.2.2
Phosphorus-and Sulfur-Based Catalysts,
164
5.3
Catalysts in
Polyamide
Solid State Polymerization Processes,
167
χ
CONTENTS
5.4
Reactive
Additives in Solid State
Polymerization Processes,
170
5.5 Inert Additives in Solid State
Polymerization Processes,
173
5.6
Conclusions,
173
6
High-Pressure Solid State Polymerization of
Polyamide
Monomer Crystals
179
Tokimitsu Ikawa
6.1
Introduction,
179
6.2
High-Pressure Solid State Polymerization,
182
6.2.1
Crystals and Characteristics of Monomers,
182
6.2.2
HP-SSP Method for
Polyamide
Monomer Crystals,
183
6.3
Polymerizability and Structure Formation,
184
6.3.1
Polymerizability and Structure Formation of
ω-
Amino
Acid Crystals to
Polyamide
Crystals,
184
6.3.2
Polymerizability of
Polyamide Salt
Crystals to
Polyamide
Crystals,
187
6.3.3
Structure Formation of
Polyamide Salt
Crystals to
Polyamide
Crystals,
191
6.4
Conclusions,
195
6.4.1
Polymerizability,
195
6.4.2
Structure Formation,
195
7
Fundamental Process Modeling and Product Design for the
Solid State Polymerization of
Polyamide 6
and Polyethylene
terephthalate)
199
Kevin C. Seavey and Y. A. Liu
7.1
Introduction,
200
7.2
Solid State Polymerization Modeling Guide,
200
7.3
Fundamentals of Solid State Polymerization Reactors,
203
7.3.1
Material and Energy Balances,
203
7.3.2
Mass and Heat Transfer,
206
7.3.3
Reaction Kinetics,
209
7.3.4
Physical Properties,
217
7.4
Numerical Solution,
222
7.5
Example Simulation and Application,
225
7.6
Modifications to Account for Crystallization,
227
7.7
Conclusions,
229
CONTENTS xi
8
Recent
Developments in Solid State
Polymerization
of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
233
S. A. Wadekar, U. S. Agarwal, W. H.
Boon,
and
V.
M. Nadkarni
8.1
Introduction,
234
8.2
Conventional
Solid State
Polymerization Processes,
238
8.2.1
Moisture Removal,
238
8.2.2
Crystallization,
238
8.2.3
Industrial Solid State Polymerization Processes,
240
8.2.4
Nitrogen Purification Units in a Solid State
Polymerization Process,
242
8.3
New Solid State Polymerization Processes,
243
8.3.1
Invista
NG3 Process,
244
8.3.2
Bepex Process,
246
8.3.3
Aquafil-Buhler Process,
247
8.3.4
M&G Process,
248
8.4
Polyethylene terephthalate) Flake Recycling Using Solid State
Polymerization,
249
8.5
Particle Formation Technologies,
250
8.6
Alternatives to Solid State Polymerization,
252
8.6.1
Additives for Direct Polymerization to High Intrinsic
Viscosity,
252
8.6.2
Direct Melt Polymerization to High-Intrinsic-Viscosity
Polymer Resin or Preform by UDHE-Inventa and
Zimmer
AG,
256
8.6.3
Du Pont
Atmospheric-Pressure All-Melt Process,
258
8.6.4
Eastman Chemical s IntegRex Technology,
259
8.6.5
Swollen/Solution Polymerization to UHMW-PET,
260
8.7
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) for Fluid Packaging Applications,
262
8.7.1
Mineral Water,
264
8.7.2
Large-Container Applications,
264
8.7.3
Hot-Fill Applications,
265
8.7.4
Flavor/CCh Retention Through Barrier Properties,
266
8.7.5
Oxygen Barrier Polyethylene terephthalate),
267
8.7.6
Fast Heating Polyethylene terephthtalate),
269
8.8
Conclusions,
270
Abbreviations and Symbols
281
Index
289
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Solid state polymerization ed. by Constantine D. Papaspyrides ... Hoboken Wiley 2009 XVII, 294 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes index. Polymerization Solid state chemistry Polymerisation (DE-588)4046704-1 gnd rswk-swf Polymerisation (DE-588)4046704-1 s DE-604 Papaspyrides, Constantine D. Sonstige oth Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017553755&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017553755&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Solid state polymerization Polymerization Solid state chemistry Polymerisation (DE-588)4046704-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046704-1 |
| title | Solid state polymerization |
| title_auth | Solid state polymerization |
| title_exact_search | Solid state polymerization |
| title_full | Solid state polymerization ed. by Constantine D. Papaspyrides ... |
| title_fullStr | Solid state polymerization ed. by Constantine D. Papaspyrides ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Solid state polymerization ed. by Constantine D. Papaspyrides ... |
| title_short | Solid state polymerization |
| title_sort | solid state polymerization |
| topic | Polymerization Solid state chemistry Polymerisation (DE-588)4046704-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Polymerization Solid state chemistry Polymerisation |
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