Verfügbarkeit: Western society

Western society: a brief history

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	London Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 2009
Schlagworte:	Civilization, Western Geschichte Civilization, Western > History Sozialgeschichte Europa Europe > Civilization Europe > Social conditions Westeuropa
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XXX, 839, 40 S. Ill., Kt.
ISBN:	9780230594531

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MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	I Contents Preface v Maps, Figures, and Tables Features xxvii About the Authors xxv xxzx I Origins, ca. 400,000-noo B.c.E. I From Caves to Towns 3 IMAGES IN SOCIETY The Iceman 6 I Mesopotamian Civilization 4 MAPPING THE PAST Map 1.1 : Spread of Cultures in the Ancient Near East 5 The Invention of Writing and the First Schools 8 Mesopotamian Thought and Religion 8 Sumerian Social and Gender Divisions 10 1 The Spread of Mesopotamian Culture J J The Triumph of Babylon 1 J Life Under Hammurabi J 2 I Egypt, the Land of the Pharaohs (3100-1200 B.c.E.) В The God-King of Egypt 14 The Pharaoh s People 16 The Hyksos in Egypt (1640-1570 b.c.e.) 16 The New Kingdom: Revival and Empire (1500-1075 b.c.e.) 17 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Nefertiti, the Perfect Woman 18 The Hittites and the End of an Era (ca. 1640-1100 b.c.e.) 17 The Coming of the Hittites (ca. 1640-1200 b.c.e.) J 9 The Fall of Empires and the Survival of Cultures (ca. 1200 b.c.e.) 20 Chapter Review 20 \| Key Terms 20 j Notes 21 LISTENING TO THE PAST A Quest for Immortality 22 Small Kingdoms and Mighty Empires in the Near East, ca. 1100-513 b.c.e. I Disruption and Diffusion 25 The End of Egyptian Power 27 The Rise of Phoenicia 27 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Wen-Amon 26 I The Children of Israel 28 The Evolution of the Jewish State 28 Elements of Jewish Religion 30 I Assyria, the Military Monarchy 30 The Power of Assyria 31 MAPPING THE PAST Map 2.2: The Assyrian and Persian Empires 31 Assyrian Culture 32 I The Empire of the Persian Kings 33 The Land of the Medes and Persians 33 The Rise of the Persian Empire (550-540 b.c.e.) 34 Thus Spake Zarathustra 35 Chapter Review 36 \| Key Terms 36 \| Notes 36 LISTENING TO THE PAST The Covenant Between Yahweh and the Hebrews 3 7 I Classical Greece, ca. 1650-338 b.c.e. 38 Hellas: The Land 39 The Minoans and Mycenaeans (ca. 2000-ca. 1100 b.c.e.) 39 Homer, Hesiod, Gods, and Heroes (1100-800 b.c.e.) 42 The Polis 43 Origins of the Polis 43 Governing Structures 44 The Archaic Age (800-500 в.с.к.) Overseas Expansion 46 The Growth of Sparta 47 The Evolution of Athens 48 46 Xlii XIV Contents I The Classical Period (500-338 b.c.e.) 50 The Persian Wars (499-479 b.c.e.) 50 Growth of the Athenian Empire (478-431 b.c.e.) 51 The Peloponnesian War (431-404 b.c.e.) 5] MAPPING THE PAST Map 3.2: The Peloponnesian War 52 Athenian Arts in the Age of Pericles 53 Daily Life in Periclean Athens 55 Gender 55 Greek Religion 56 The Flowering of Philosophy 58 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Aspasia 57 s The Final Act (404-338 b.c.e.) 60 The Struggle for Hegemony 61 Philip and the Macedonian Ascendancy 62 Chapter Review 62 \| Key Terms 62 \| Notes 63 LISTENING TO THE PAST The Great Plague at Athens, 430 B.C.E. 64 The Hellenistic World, 336-146 B.C.E. I Alexander and the Great Crusade 66 I Alexander s Legacy 68 The Political Legacy 68 MAPPING THE PAST Map 4.2: The Hellenistic World 69 The Cultural Legacy 70 1 The Spread of Hellenism 71 Cities and Kingdoms 71 Men and Women in Hellenistic Monarchies 72 Greeks and Easterners 73 Hellenism and the Jews 74 I The Economic Scope of the Hellenistic World Hellenistic Intellectual Advances 76 Religion in the Hellenistic World 76 Philosophy and the People 78 Hellenistic Science 79 Hellenistic Medicine 81 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Archimedes and the Practical Application of Science 80 Chapter Review 83 \| Key Terms 83 \| Notes 83 LISTENING TO THE PAST Alexander and the Brotherhood of Man 84 75 I The Rise of Rome, ca. 750-44 b.c.e. 85 ■ The Etruscans and Rome 86 The Etruscans and the Roman Settlement of Italy (ca. 750-509 b.c.e.) 86 The Roman Conquest of Italy (509-290 b.c.e.) 87 I The Roman Republic 89 The Roman State 89 Social Conflict in Rome 90 1 Roman Expansion 9 J Italy Becomes Roman 9 J Overseas Conquest (282-146 b.c.e.) 91 The Punic Wars and Beyond (264-133 b.c.e.) 91 MAPPING THE PAST Map 5.2: Roman Expansion During the Republic 92 Rome Turns East (211-133 b.c.e.) 94 I Old Values and Greek Culture 94 Cato and the Traditional Ideal 94 Scipio Aemilianus: Greek Culture and Urban Life 96 1 The Late Republic (133-31 b.c.e.) 98 Unrest in Rome and Italy 99 Civil War 102 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Quintus Sertorius J 0J Chapter Review J03 \| Key Terms 103 \| Notes 104 LISTENING TO THE PAST A Magic Charm J 05 I The Pax Romana, 31 B-CEz^O C.E. 107 Augustus s Settlement (31 b.c.e-14 ce.) 108 The Principate and the Restored Republic J 08 Roman Expansion into Northern and Western Europe J 09 Literary Flowering and Social Changes 110 The Coming of Christianity 113 Unrest in Judaea 113 The Life and Teachings of Jesus 114 The Spread of Christianity 114 The Appeal of Christianity 115 Contents XV I Augustus s Successors 116 The Julio-Claudians and the Flavians 116 The Age of the Five Good Emperors (96-180 ce.) 118 I Life in the Golden Age 120 Imperial Rome 120 MAPPING THE PAST Map 6.2: The Economic Aspect of the Pax Romana 121 Rome and the Provinces 122 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Bithus, a Typical Roman Soldier 119 IMAGES IN SOCIETY The Roman Villa atChedworth 124 I Rome in Disarray and Recovery (177-450 ce.) 122 Civil Wars and Foreign Invasions in the Third Century 123 Reconstruction Under Diocletian and Constantine (284-337 се.) 123 Inflation and Taxes J 27 The Decline of Small Farms 127 The Acceptance of Christianity 128 The Construction of Constantinople 128 From the Classical World to Late Antiquity J 29 Chapter Review 129 ] Key Terms J29 LISTENING TO THE PAST Rome Extends Its Citizenship 131 Notes 130 I 7 Late Antiquity, 350-600 133 I The Byzantine Empire 134 Sources of Byzantine Strength 134 The Law Code of Justinian 136 Byzantine Intellectual Life 136 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Theodora of Constantinople 13 8 I The Growth of the Christian Church 13 7 The Church and Its Leaders 137 The Church and the Roman Emperors 140 The Development of Christian Monasticism 142 Western and Eastern Monasticism 143 1 Christian Ideas and Practices 144 Christian Notions of Gender and Sexuality 144 Saint Augustine on Human Nature, Will, and Sin 145 I Christian Missionaries and Conversion 146 Missionaries on the Continent 147 Missionaries in the British Isles 147 Conversion and Assimilation 148 :: Migrating Peoples 149 Celts, Germans, and Huns 149 MAPPING THE PAST Map 7.3: The Barbarian Migrations 151 Germanic Kingdoms 153 Anglo-Saxon England 153 I Barbarian Society 154 Kinship, Custom, and Class 155 Law 156 Social and Economic Structures 156 Chapter Review 157 \| Key Terms 157 \| Notes 159 LISTENING TO THE PAST The Conversion ofClovis 160 8 Europe in the Early Middle Ages, 600-1000 I The Spread of Islam 163 The Arabs 163 The Prophet Muhammad 164 The Teachings of Islam 165 Expansion and Schism 166 Muslim Spain 168 Science and Medicine 169 Muslim-Christian Relations 170 I The Frankish Kingdom 171 The Merovingians J 71 The Rise of the Carolingiens 172 I The Empire of Charlemagne 173 Charlemagne s Personal Qualities and Marriage Strategies 173 Territorial Expansion 173 The Government of the Carolingian Empire 174 The Imperial Coronation of Charlemagne 1 76 Decentralization and Feudalism 176 Manorialism, Serfdom, and the Slave Trade 179 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Ebo of Reims 178 I Early Medieval Scholarship and Culture 181 Scholarship and Religious Life in Northumbria 181 The Carolingia!! Renaissance 183 l62 XVI Contents Invasions and Migrations 184 Vikings in Western Europe 184 MAPPING THE PAST Map 8.3: Invasions and Migrations of the Ninth Century 185 Slavs and Vikings in Eastern Europe 186 Magyars and Muslims 188 Chapter Review 189 \| Key Terms 189 \| Notes 190 LISTENING TO THE PAST Feudal Homage and Fealty 191 State and Church in the High Middle Ages, 1000-1300 193 194 203 I Political Revival 194 Medieval Origins of the Modern State England 195 France 197 Central Europe 198 Sicily 200 The Iberian Peninsula 201 I Law and Justice 202 France and the Holy Roman Empire Henn· II and Thomas Becket 203 King John and Magna Carta 204 і The Papacy 205 The Gregorian Reforms 205 Emperor versus Pope 207 Innocent III and His Successors 208 I The Crusades 209 Background 209 MAPPING THE PAST Map 9.4: The Routes of the Crusades 210 Motives and Course of the Crusades 210 Crusades Within Europe and the Expansion of Christendom 2J2 Consequences of the Crusades 213 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY The Jews of Speyer: A Collective Biography 215 Chapter Review 216 \| Key Terms 216 \| Notes 217 LISTENING TO THE PAST An Arab View of the Crusades 218 10 The Changing Life of the People in the High Middle Ages 220 I Village Life 221 Slaven; Serfdom, and Upward Mobility 221 The Manor 222 Agricultural Methods and Improvements 224 Households, Work, and Food 226 Health Care 227 Childbirth and Child Abandonment 228 \| Popular Religion 229 Village Churches and Christian Symbols 229 Saints and Sacraments 230 Beliefs 231 Muslims and Jews 231 Marriage and Children 232 Death and the Afterlife 233 I Nobles 234 Origins and Status of the Nobility 234 Childhood 235 Youth and Marriage 236 Power and Responsibility 236 \| Monasteries and Convents 238 Monastic Revival 238 Life in Convents and Monasteries 240 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Hildegard of Bingen 241 Chapter Review 242 ] Key Terms 242 \| Notes 243 LISTENING TO THE PAST The Pilgrim s Guide to Santiago de Compostela 244 I 11 The Creativity and Challenges of Medieval Cities 246 247 248 Towns and Economic Revival The Rise of Towns 247 Town Liberties and Merchant Guilds Craft Guilds 249 City Life 251 Sen-ants and the Poor 252 The Revival of Long-Distance Trade 253 MAPPING THE PAST Map 11.1 : Trade and Manufacturing in Medieval Europe 254 Contents XVN Business Procedures 255 The Commercial Revolution 258 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Francesco Datini 256 \| Medieval Universities 259 Origins 259 Abelard and Heloise 261 Instruction and Curriculum 262 Thomas Aquinas and the Teaching ofTheology 264 ξ Arts and Architecture 265 Vernacular Literature and Entertainment 265 Churches and Cathedrals 266 IMAGES IN SOCIETY From Romanesque to Gothic 268 \| Cities and the Church 270 Heretical Groups 270 The Friars 271 The P riars and Papal Power 272 Chapter Review 273 \| Key Terms 273 \| Notes 274 LISTENING TO THE PAST Courtly Love 275 12 The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages, 1300-1450 277 Prelude to Disaster 278 The Black Death 280 Spread of the Disease 280 MAPPING THE PAST Map 12.1: The Course of the Black Death in Fourteenth-Century Europe 281 Care 282 Social, Economic, and Cultural Consequences 284 The Hundred Years War 286 Causes 286 The Popular Response 287 The Course of the War to 1419 287 Joan of Arc and France s Victor) 289 Costs and Consequences 289 Challenges to the Church 29] The Babylonian Captivity and Great Schism 291 The Conciliar Movement 292 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Jan Hus 294 Economic and Social Change 293 Peasant Revolts 293 Urban Conflicts 297 Sex in the City 297 Fur-Collar Crime 299 Ethnic Jensions and Restrictions 300 Literacy and Vernacular I literature 301 Chapter Review 303 \| Key Terms 303 \| Notes 304 LISTENING TO THE PAST Christine de Pizan 305 13 European Society in the Age of the Renaissance, 1350-1550 307 308 I Economic and Political Developments Commercial Developments 308 Communes and Republics 309 The Balance of Power Among the Italian City-States I Intellectual Change 3J2 Humanism 312 Education 314 Political Thought 314 Secular Spirit 315 Christian Humanism 316 The Printed Word 317 MAPPING THE PAST Map 13.2; The Growth of Printing in Europe 319 I Art and the Artist 320 Art and Power 320 Subjects and Style 321 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Leonardo da Vinci З І З \| Social Hierarchies 324 Race 325 Class 326 Gender 327 Politics and the State in the Renaissance (ca. 1450-1521) 328 France 329 England 329 Spain 330 Chapter Review 333 \| Key Terms 333 \| Notes 334 LISTENING TO THE PAST An Age of Gold 3 3 5 310 I 14 Reformations and Religious Wars, 1500-1600 337 The Karly Reformation 338 The Christian Church in the Early Sixteenth Centim· 338 Martin Luther 339 xvni Contents Protestant Thought 341 The Appeal of Protestant Ideas 342 The Radical Reformation 343 The German Peasants War 346 The Reformation and Marriage 346 IMAGES IN SOCIETY Art in the Reformation 344 I The Reformation and German Politics 348 The Rise of the Habsburg Dynasty 348 The Political Impact of the Protestant Reformation 348 I The Spread of the Protestant Reformation 351 The Reformation in England and Ireland 351 Calvinism 354 The Establishment of the Church of Scotland 355 The Reformation in Eastern Europe 355 I The Catholic Reformation 357 The Reformed Papacy 357 The Council of Trent 357 MAPPING THE PAST Map 14.2: Religious Divisions in Europe 358 New Religious Orders 359 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Teresa of Ávila 360 Religious Violence 361 French Religious Wars 361 The Netherlands Under Charles V 362 The Great European Witch-Hunt 363 Chapter Review 365 \| Key Terms 365 \| Notes 367 LISTENING TO THE PAST Martin Luther, On Christian Liberty 368 15 European Exploration and Conquest, 1450-1650 370 World Contacts Before Columbus 371 The Trade World of the Indian Ocean 371 Africa 373 The Ottoman and Persian Empires 374 Genoese and Venetian Middlemen 374 The European Voyages of Discovery 375 Causes of European Expansion 376 Technological Stimuli to Exploration 377 The Portuguese Overseas Empire 378 MAPPING THE PAST Map 15.1 : Overseas Exploration and Conquest, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries 3 79 The Problem of Christopher Columbus 380 Later Explorers 382 New World Conquest 383 Europe and the World After Columbus 385 Spanish Settlement and Indigenous Population Decline 385 Sugar and Slavery 386 The Columbian Exchange 389 Colonial Administration 391 Silver and the Economic Effects of Spain s Discoveries 391 The Birth of the Global Economy 3 92 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Juan de Pareja 388 Changing Attitudes and Beliefs 393 New Ideas About Race 393 Michel de Montaigne and Cultural Curiosity 394 Elizabethan and Jacobean Literature 395 Chapter Review 395 Key Terms 395 Notes 396 LISTENING TO THE PAST Columbus Describes His First Voyage 398 16 Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Western Europe, ca. 1589-1715 401 I Seventeenth-Century Crisis and Rebuilding 402 Economic and Demographic Crisis 402 Seventeenth-Century State-Building: Common Obstacles and Achievements 403 Popular Political Action 405 I Absolutism in France and Spain 405 The Foundations of Absolutism: Henry IV, Sully, and Richelieu 406 Louis XIV and Absolutism 408 Financial and Economic Management Under Louis XIV: Colbert 409 Louis XIV s Wars 410 MAPPING THE PAST Map 16.1 : Europe in 1715 412 The Decline of Absolutist Spain in the Seventeenth Century 413 I The Culture of Absolutism 415 Baroque Art and Music 415 Court Culture 416 French Classicism 417 I Constitutionalism 418 Absolutist Claims in England (1603-1649) 418 Religious Divides 419 Contents XIX Puritanical Absolutism in England: Cromwell and the Protectorate 42 2 The Restoration of the English Monarchy 422 The Triumph of England s Parliament: Constitutional Monarchy and Cabinet Government 423 The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century 424 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY GliickelofHameln 425 Chapter Review 428 \| Key Terms 428 LISTENING TO THE PAST The Court at Versailles 430 Notes 429 17 Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe to 1740 432 I Warfare and Social Change in Central and Eastern Europe 433 The Consolidation of Serfdom 433 The Thirty Years War 435 Consequences of the Thirty Years War 436 I The Rise of Austria and Prussia 438 The Austrian Habsburgs 438 Austrian Rule in Hungary 439 Prussia in the Seventeenth Century 439 The Consolidation of Prussian Absolutism 443 IMAGES IN SOCIETY Absolutist Palace Building 440 І The Development of Russia and the Ottoman Empire 444 The Mongol Yoke and the Rise of Moscow 444 MAPPING THE PAST Map 17.3: The Expansion of Russia to 1725 445 Tsar and People to 1689 446 The Reforms of Peter the Great 447 The Growth of the Ottoman Empire 450 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Hürrem 453 Chapter Review 455 \| Key Terms 455 \| Notes 455 LISTENING TO THE PAST A Foreign Traveler in Russia 456 I 18 Toward a New Worldview, 1540-1789 458 I The Scientific Revolution 459 Scientific Thought in 1500 459 The Copernican Hypothesis 460 From Brahe to Galileo 46] Newton s Synthesis 463 Causes of the Scientific Revolution 463 Science and Society 464 I The Enlightenment 466 The Emergence of the Enlightenment 466 The Philosophes and the Public 467 Urban Culture and the Public Sphere 470 Late Enlightenment 472 Race and the Enlightenment 473 I The Enlightenment and Absolutism 474 Frederick the Great of Prussia 475 Catherine the Great of Russia 477 The Austrian Habsburgs 478 MAPPING THE PAST Map 18.1 : The Partition of Poland and Russia s Expansion, 1772-1795 479 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Moses Mendelssohn and the Jewish Enlightenment 476 Chapter Review 480 \| Key Terms 480 \| Notes 481 LISTENING TO THE PAST Voltaire on Religion 482 I 19 The Expansion of Europe in the Eighteenth Century 484 I Agriculture and the Land 485 The Agricultural Revolution 486 The Leadership of the Low Countries and England 487 I The Beginning of the Population Explosion 488 I Cottage Industry and Urban Guilds 490 The Putting-Out System 490 The Textile Industry 49] MAPPING THE PAST Map 19.1 : Industry and Population in Eighteenth-Century Europe 49 1 Urban Guilds 493 The Industrious Revolution 494 I Building the Global Economy 495 Mercantilism and Colonial Wars 495 The Atlantic Slave Trade 501 Trade and Empire in Asia 504 Adam Smith and Economic Liberalism 505 XX Contents IMAGES IN SOCIETY London: The Remaking of a Great City 498 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Olaudah Equiano 503 Chapter Review 506 \| Key Terms 506 \| Notes 507 LISTENING TO THE PAST The Debate over the Guilds 508 I 20 The Changing Life of the People 510 I Marriage and the Family 511 Late Marriage and Nuclear Families 511 Work Away from Home 512 Premarital Sex and Community Controls 513 New Patterns of Marriage and Illegitimacy 514 I Children and Education 5J5 Child Care and Nursing 5 J 5 Foundlings and Infanticide 517 Attitudes Toward Children 5 1 7 Schools and Popular Literature 518 і Food, Medicine, and New Consumption Habits 520 Diets and Nutrition 520 Ibward a Consumer Society 521 Medical Practitioners 523 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Madame du Coudray, the Nation s Midwife 525 I Religion and Popular Culture 526 The Institutional Church 526 Protestant Revival 527 Catholic Pieh- 528 Leisure and Recreation 530 Chapter Review 531 \| Key Terms 531 \| Notes 532 LISTENING TO THE PAST A Day in the Life of Paris 533 I 21 The Revolution in Politics, 1775-1815 535 I Background to Revolution 536 Legal Orders and Social Change 536 The Crisis of Political Legitimacy 537 The Impact of the American Revolution 538 Financial Crisis 539 I Revolution in Metropole and Colony (1789-1791) 540 The Formation of the National Assembly 540 The Revolt of the Poor and the Oppressed 541 A Limited Monarchy 542 Revolutionär} Aspirations in Saint-Domingue 544 І World War and Republican France (1791-1799) 545 Foreign Reactions and the Beginning of War 545 The Second Revolution 547 Total War and the Terror 548 Revolution in Saint-Domingue 550 The Thermidorian Reaction and the Directory (1794-1799) 551 I The Napoleonic Era ( 1799-1815) 552 Napoleon s Rule of France 552 Napoleon s Expansion in Europe 554 The War of Haitian Independence 556 The Grand Empire and Its End 556 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Toussaint L Ouverture 557 MAPPING THE PAST Map 21.1: Napoleonic Europe in 1810 559 Chapter Review 560 [ Key Terms 560 \| Notes 562 LISTENING TO THE PAST Revolution and Women s Rights 563 22 The Revolution in Energy and Industry, ca. 1780-1860 565 566 573 574 I The Industrial Revolution in Britain Eighteenth-Century Origins 566 The First Factories 567 The Steam Engine Breakthrough 569 The Coming of the ^Railroads 570 Industry and Population^ --5,71 I Industrialization in Continental Europe The Challenge of Industrialization 573 Government Support and Corporate Banking MAPPING THE PAST Map 22.2: Continental Industrialization, ca. 1850 574 I Relations Between Capital and Labor 576 The New Class of Factory Owners 577 The New Factory Workers 579 Conditions of Work 580 Changes in the Division of Labor by Gender The Early Labor Movement in Britain 584 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY The Strutt Family 578 Chapter Review 585 \| Key Terms 585 \| Notes 586 LISTENING TO THE PAST Testimony Concerning Young Mine Workers 587 582 Contents XXI 23 Ideologies and Upheavals, 1815-1850 589 I The Peace Settlement 590 The European Balance of Power 590 MAPPING THE PAST Map 23.1 : Europe in 1815 592 Intervention and Repression 593 I Radical Ideas and Early Socialism 594 Liberalism 594 Nationalism 595 French Utopian Socialism 596 The Birth of Marxian Socialism 597 I The Romantic Movement 598 Romanticism s Tenets 598 Literature 599 Art and Music 600 I Reforms and Revolutions 601 National Liberation in Greece 602 Liberal Reform in Great Britain 602 Ireland and the Great Famine 604 The Revolution of 1830 in France 606 The Revolutions of 1848 607 A Democratic Republic in France 607 The Austrian Empire in 1848 6J0 Prussia and the Frankfurt Assembly 611 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Jules Michelet 608 Chapter Review 613 \| Key Terms 613 \| Notes 6J4 LISTENING TO THE PAST Speaking for the Czech Nation 615 24 Life in the Emerging Urban Society in the Nineteenth Century 617 Taming the City 618 Industry and the Growth of Cities 618 Public Health and the Bacterial Revolution 619 MAPPING THE PAST Map 24.1 : European Cities of 100,000 or More, 1800 and 1900 620 Urban Plamiing and Public Transportation 621 Rich and Poor and Those in Between 622 Social Structure 623 The Middle Classes 623 Middle-Class Culture 624 The Working Classes 625 Working-Class Leisure and Religion 629 IMAGES IN SOCIETY Class and Gender Boundaries in Women s Fashion, 1850-1914 626 % The Changing Family 630 Premarital Sex and Marriage 630 Kinship Ties 63 і Gender Roles and Family Life 63 1 Child Rearing 634 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Franziska Tiburtius 633 I Science and lliought 636 The Triumph of Science 636 Social Science and Evolution 637 Realism in literature 639 Chapter Review 641 \| Key Terms 641 \| Notes 641 LISTENING TO THE PAST Middle-Class Youth and Sexuality 643 25 The Age of Nationalism, 1850-1914 645 I Napoleon III in France 646 The Second Republic and Louis Napoleon 646 Napoleon Ill s Second Empire 647 I Nation Building in Italy and Germany 648 Cavour and Garibaldi in Italy 648 Bismarck and the Austro-Prussian War ( 1866) 650 The Taming of the Parliament 651 The Franco-Prussian War ( 1870-1871 ) 651 MAPPING THE PAST Map 25.2 The Unification of Germany, 1866-1871 652 % Nation Building in the United States 653 I The Modernization of Russia and the Ottoman Empire 654 The Great Reforms 655 The Revolution of 1905 656 Decline and Reform in the Ottoman Empire 657 The Responsive National State (1871-1914) 659 General Trends 659 The German Empire 660 Republican France 66 í Great Britain and Ireland 662 The Austro-Hungarian Empire 663 Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-Semitism 664 INDIVIDUAIS «N SOCIETY Theodor Herzl 665 xxn Contents 1 Marxism and the Socialist Movement 667 The Socialist International 667 Unions and Revisionism 668 Chapter Review 669 \| Key Terms 669 \| Notes 670 LISTENING TO THE PAST The Making of a Socialist 671 I 26 The West ала the World, 1815-1914 673 I Industrialization and the World Economy 674 The Rise of Global Inequality 674 The World Market 675 The Opening of China and Japan 676 Western Penetration of Egypt 678 I The Great Migration 679 European Migrants 679 Asian Migrants 680 1 Western Imperialism (1880-1914) 681 The Scramble for Africa 681 MAPPING THE PAST Map 26.1 The Partition of Africa 682 Imperialism in Asia 685 Causes of the New Imperialism 685 Critics of Imperialism 688 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Cecil Rhodes 684 I Responding to Western Imperialism 689 The Pattern of Response 689 Empire in India 689 The Example of Japan 69 J Toward Revolution in China 693 Chapter Review 694 \| Key Terms 694 \| Notes 694 LISTENING TO THE PAST A British Woman in India 6% 27 The Great Break: War and Revolution, 1914-1919 698 699 710 I The First World War 699 The Bismarckian System of Alliances The Rival Blocs 700 The Outbreak of War 701 Stalemate and Slaughter 703 The Widening War 705 I The Home Front 708 Mobilizing for Total War 708 Growing Political Tensions 711 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Vera Brittain I The Russian Revolution 71 J The Fall of Imperial Russia 712 The Provisional Government 712 Lenin and the Bolshevik Revolution 713 Trotsky and the Seizure of Power 714 Dictatorship and Civil War 714 I The Peace Settlement 7J6 The End of War 716 Revolution in Germany 7J6 The Treaty of Versailles 717 MAPPING THE PAST Map 27.4 Shattered Empires and Territorial Changes After World War I 7 J 8 The Peace Settlement in the Middle East 7 J 9 American Rejection of the Versailles Treaty 721 Chapter Review 722 \| Key Terms 722 \| Notes 723 LISTENING TO THE PAST Arab Political Aspirations in 1919 724 Contents XXIII I 28 29 The Age of Anxiety, ca. 1900-7940 726 I Modernism and the Crisis of Western Thought 727 Modem Philosophy 727 The New Physics 729 Freudian Psychology 730 The Modern Novel 731 Modernism in Art and Design 732 Modern Music 733 IMAGES IN SOCIETY Pablo Picasso and Modern Art 734 I Movies and Radio 736 I The Search for Peace and Political Stability 737 Germany and the Western Powers 738 Hope in Foreign Affairs (1924-1929) 739 Hope in Democratic Government 741 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Gustav Stresemann 740 I The Great Depression (1929-1939) 743 The Economic Crisis 743 Mass Unemployment 744 The New Deal in the United States 744 MAPPING THE PAST Map 28.1 The Great Depression in the United States, Britain, and Europe 745 The Scandinavian Response to the Depression 746 Recovery and Reform in Britain and France 747 Chapter Review 748 \| Key Terms 748 \| Notes 749 LISTENING TO THE PAST Life on the Dole in Great Britain 750 Dictatorships and the Second World War, 1919-1945 I Stalin s Soviet Union 753 From Lenin to Stalin 753 The Five-Year Plans 754 Life and Culture in Soviet Society 756 Stalinist Terror and the Great Purges 757 I Mussolini and Fascism in Italy 758 The Seizure of Power 758 The Regime in Action 760 I Hitler and Nazism in Germany 76 í Hitler s Road to Power 761 The Nazi State and Society 763 Hitlers Popularity 764 Aggression and Appeasement (1933-1939) 765 I The Second World War 767 Hitler s Empire ( 1939-1942) 767 The Holocaust 769 Japan s Empire in Asia 772 The Grand Alliance 773 The War in Europe (1942-1945) 773 MAPPING THE PAST Map 29.2 World War II in Europe 774 The War in the Pacific ( 1942-1945) 775 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Primo Levi 771 Chapter Review 777 \| Key Terms LISTENING TO THE PAST Stalin Justifies the Five-Year Plan 779 752 XXIV Contents ЗО Cold War Conflicts and Social Transformations, 1945-1985 781 785 I The Division of Europe 782 The Origins of the Cold War 782 West Versus East 784 I The Western Renaissance (1945-1968) The Postwar Challenge 785 MAPPING THE PAST Map 30.1 European Alliance Systems, 1949-1989 7S6 Decolonization in East Asia 787 Decolonization in the Middle East and Africa 789 America s Civil Rights Revolution 790 I Soviet Eastern Europe (1945-1968) 791 Stalin s Last Years (1945-1953) 791 Reform and De-Stalinization (1953-1964) 792 The Knd of Reform 793 The Soviet I /nion to 198 5 794 I Postwar Social Transformations (1945-1968) 795 Science and Technolog}· 795 The Changing Class Structure 796 New Roles for Women 797 Youth and the Counterculture 798 Conflict and Challenge in the Late Cold War (1968-1985) 800 The United States and Vietnam 800 Detente or Cold War? 801 The Women s Movement 802 Socieh in a Time of Economic Uncertainty 803 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Margaret Thatcher 80S Chapter Review 806 \| Key Terms 806 \| Notes 807 LISTENING TO THE PAST A Feminist Critique of Marriage 808 31 Revolution, Rebuilding, and New Challenges: 1985 to the Present 810 I The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union 811 Gorbachev s Reforms in the Soviet Union 812 The Revolutions of 1989 8 J 4 The Disintegration of the Soviet Union 818 TheGulfWarofl991 818 I Building a New Europe in the 1990s 820 Common Patterns and Problems 820 MAPPING THE PAST Map 31.2 Contemporary Europe 821 Recasting Russia 822 Progress in Eastern Europe 823 Tragedy in Yugoslavia 825 Unit) and Identity in Western Europe 826 I New Challenges in the Twenty-first Century 828 The Prospect of Population Decline 828 The Growth of Immigration 829 Promoting Human Rights 830 I The West and the Islamic World 831 The al-Qaeda Attack of September 11, 2001 831 The War in Iraq 832 The West and Its Muslim Citizens 834 INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY Tariq Ramadan 835 Chapter Review 836 \| Key Terms 836 \| Notes 837 LISTENING TO THE PAST The French Riots: Will They Change Anything? 838 Index 1-1
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subject_GND	(DE-588)4055772-8 (DE-588)4079215-8
title	Western society a brief history
title_auth	Western society a brief history
title_exact_search	Western society a brief history
title_full	Western society a brief history John P. McKay ...
title_fullStr	Western society a brief history John P. McKay ...
title_full_unstemmed	Western society a brief history John P. McKay ...
title_short	Western society
title_sort	western society a brief history
title_sub	a brief history
topic	Civilization, Western Geschichte Civilization, Western History Sozialgeschichte (DE-588)4055772-8 gnd
topic_facet	Civilization, Western Geschichte Civilization, Western History Sozialgeschichte Europa Europe Civilization Europe Social conditions Westeuropa
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