Šlechtické spory o čest na raně novověké Moravě: (edice rokové knihy zemského hejtmana Václava z Ludanic z let 1541 - 1556) ; historická studie a edice
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Brno
Matice Moravská
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | Vyd. 1. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Prameny dějin moravských
14 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Disputes of the nobility about honour in Moravia in the early modern period ; (the edition of the roková kniha by land captain Václav of Ludanice from 1541 - 1556) |
| Beschreibung: | 470 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788086488479 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1816231446787915776 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
OBSAH
Předmluva a poděkování
.7
A. HISTORICKÁ STUDIE
I. Šlechtická čest
-
dosavadní stav studia
.9
II.
Šlechtická čest v literárních a „neprávních" pramenech
-
středověké
základy šlechtické cti
-
raný novověk
.16
III.
Šlechtická čest v právních pramenech
.33
III.
1.
České zemské právo
.33
III.
2.
Morava
.57
III.
2.1.
Právní prameny
.57
III.
2.1.1.
Obecné normy
.57
Tovačovská kniha
-
Knihy pamětí- Památky sněmovní- Zemská zřízení- Tzv.
Drnovská kniha
-
Karel starší ze Žerotína: O právu našem
-
Opavsko a Krnovsko
-
Práva manská
(1538)
III.
2.1.2.
Konkrétní případy sporů o čest
.68
Půhonnéa nálezové knihy-Knihy pamětí- Sborníky moravských půhonů a ná¬
lezů
-
Rokové knihy
-
Roková kniha Václava z Ludanic
-
Roková kniha lenního
soudu olomouckého biskupství- Opavské rokové knihy
-
Struktura zápisů žalob
III.
2. 2.
Jurisdikce a procesní pravidla
.80
Nejvyšší maršálek Království českého
-
Moravský zemský hejtman a soud
-
Čes¬
ký král
-
Odvolání na českého krále
-
Olomoucký biskup a manský soud
-
Privi¬
legium Rudolfa
II.
(1590)
a exempce duchovních osob z jurisdikce zemského práva
ve sporech o čest
III.
2.3.
Příslušnost sporů o čest
к
moravskému zemskému soudu a procesní
způsobilost
.120
Příslušnost ke stavu
-
Poddania
pozemkové vrchnosti
-
Páni a služebníci
-
Svo-
bodníci
-
Čest jako kritérium procesní způsobilosti
-
Řádný původ a příslušnost
к
šlechtickému stavu
-
Zletilost
-
Ženy
-
Žaloby podané více osobami
-
Města,
měšťané a duchovní osoby
-
Cizinci
Ш.
2.4.
Procesní pravidla ve sporech o čest
.141
Tzv. roky-Jednací
den -
Zahájení řízení- Žaloba
-
Postup a průběh jednání-před
zemským hejtmanem a soudem
-
Odklad soudního jednání- Závazek cti a víry
-
Τζό.
opatření na cti
-
Zápisy tzv. pamětí
Ш.
2.5.
Důkazní řízení
.164
Důkazní prostředky ve sporech o čest
-
Souboj
-
Přísahy
-
Formy svědectví
Ш.
2.6.
Delikt urážka na cti
.177
Metodologický přístup ke klasifikaci deliktu urážky na cti
-
a; útok na šlechtický
stav (řádný původ)
-
b; znevážení panského nebo rytířského stavu
-
c; útok na spo¬
lečenskou vážnost, zpochybnění morálních vlastností šlechtice a „posměch"
-
d;
urážka rodu, příbuzných a přátel
—
e; urážka zastávaného úřadu -f; nářek z pro¬
tiprávního jednání
-
g;
nedüvodné
láni
-
h; urážka na cti a fyzické násilí; pohrůžka
HI.
2.7.
Formy ukončení sporů o čest
.209
Nedostavení se
к
soudu
-
Smírné řešení (smlouva)
-
Stanné
právo
-
Tzv. umrlý
(rok)
-
Nález
-
Vejpověď
III.
2.8.
Tresty za urážku na cti
.216
Hrdelní tresty a vypovězení ze země
-
Náprava nebo
odpros
-
Vězení
-
Finanční
tresty a náhrady nákladů vzniklých z vedení pře
IV
Závěr
.226
B. EDICE
Popis editovaného pramene
.231
Ediční poznámka
.235
Edice rokové knihy zemského hejtmana Václava z Ludanic
(1541-1556).245
Edice nálezů a souvisejících zápisů
к
žalobám z rokové knihy zemského
hejtmana Václava z Ludanic
.339
Obecné normy
-
právní knihy
-
zemská zřízení
-
obecné nálezy zemského
soudu
-
usnesení zemského sněmu
.375
Zkratky
.389
Prameny a literatura
.393
Rejstříky
.423
Summary
.461
Summary
DISPUTES OF THE NOBILITY ABOUT HONOUR IN MORAVIA IN THE
EARLY MODERN PERIOD
(THE EDITION OF THE
ROKOVÁ KNIHA
BY LAND CAPTAIN
VÁCLAV
OF LUDANICE FROM
1541-1556)
Summary
From the very beginning of the Middle Ages, honour was an important
attribute of the nobility. However, the contents of this term were not constant
and reflected several levels of meaning. Honour as a social and legal category
existed in connection with other characteristics of the nobility, noble descent in
particular. A punishment in the form of the loss of honour was, together with
capital punishment and the confiscation of property, one of the most serious
forms of punishment imposed for serious crimes.
Disputes of the nobility about honour are one of the basic sources of the
understanding of land law, the functioning of land courts, the history of everyday
life, the history of different mentalities, the history of political elites and generally
the social history in the broad sense of the word.
A partially false belief of Czech historians that sources are available only
in fragments has caused that disputes of the nobility about honour and honesty
within Moravian land law have been seldom researched, despite the fact that
they are one of the key sources for the understanding of the life of the nobility
in the Early Modern Period. Western-European (especially German)
historiographers pay a significant attention to the issue of honour and its depiction
in legal sources. A large volume
Verletzte Ehre (1995)
and a more recent work by
Matthias Lentz have introduced new views of the issue of honour in the society
of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period. Generations of Czech historians
(J. Kapras, J.
Kalousek,
R.
Rauscher
and
F. Čáda)
of the turn of the 19th and 20th
centuries and the First Republic paid attention only to formal legal aspects of
this issue. These researchers focused especially on procedural requisites of these
disputes, their inclusion in the special agenda of land courts or
thè
task of
Moravian Land Captain, who was primarily authorized to settle the disputes.
The issue of aristocratic honour can be studied in many types of sources.
Important sources of information, especially for the medieval period, are literary
sources (especially "the epic poetry of knights"). The concept of honour played
an important role in the medieval ideal of chivalry. Western-European environment
(especially France) gave birth to a multi-layered ideology of chivalry where the
term knight's honour had a key role. Besides clearly mundane aspects, the core of
which consists of warrior's skills and characteristics, the church attempted to
incorporate Christian ideals such as the protection of churches and the church
in general as well as the protection of the weak and defenceless into chivalry.
The ideals of chivalry and aristocratic honour depicted in medieval literary works
461
Slechtické
spory o Cest na raně novověké Moravě
were repeated in a slightly modified form in the literature of the Early Modern
Period, too. These works particularly include traditional works focused on the
education of aristocrats where honour was one of the basic and essential
categories.
Disputes of the nobility about honour are a very specific category within
the Bohemian and Moravian land law; due to the lack of written sources,
especially in the period before
1300,
it is very difficult to trace its origin. Land
law, called ius
terre in
the sources of that period, started to develop as early as
the early Middle Ages; at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, it already consisted
of a more or less coherent set of local law (mainly custom law). It consisted of all
basic types of legal documents, including an extensive procedural law which
controlled the operation of the most important courts in individual historical
countries,
i.e.
the Bohemian Land Court and the Moravian Land Court. Preserved
written sources, books of law, land records and various petition forms allow us
to understand Bohemian land law in the 14th century in detail. A more coherent
agenda of the Moravian Land Court (Books of Summons and Books of Sentences),
except for older fragments, is preserved from the beginning of the 15th century
and the first book of law known as the
Tovačov
Legal Book appeared at the end of
that century.
A key source of the Bohemian land law from the turn of the 13th and 14th
centuries is the
Rožmberk
Legal Book which deals with the issue of aristocratic
honour in several of its provisions. It contains, among other things, a basic treatise
on duels and crime maiestatis, which was later developed in the Maiestas Carolina
draft land code by Charles IV and in the
Ordo iudicü terrae
(legal book). In the
book of land law by Bohemian land judge
Ondřej
of
Dube,
aristocratic honour
is mentioned only in the clause focused on accusations of non-aristocratic origin.
This provision was based on the general court judgement of
1410
and its wording
and contents were acceptable for the solution of disputes concerning honour
during the entire
lo01
century. This provision was included unchanged in the
Vladislav Land Code
(1500).
The same wording was then adopted in the Bohemian
Land Code of
1530
and the land codes of
1549
and
1564.
More detailed provisions concerning disputes about honour appeared in
subsequent printed land codes. Crimes against honour were divided into two
categories
-
the first category were disputes concerning accusations of dishonesty,
which were strictly specified and resolved solely by the land court, and the second
category were disputes about defamation, which could be resolved by the land
court or the chamber court, depending on the plaintiff's decision. The special
category were disputes about defamation of noble descent
(nářek chlapstvem).
From the end of the 14th century at the latest, jurisdiction over disputes
concerning noble descent in Bohemian land law was in the hands of the High
Land Marshal or High Steward. In other disputes about aristocratic honour, the
Bohemian land court was in charge; from the end of the 15th century, certain
cases were resolved by the chamber court.
462
Summary
Disputes about honour are also mentioned in the book of law by the
humanist Viktorin
Kornel
of
Všehrdy.
His
Knihy devatery
(Nine Books) were created
at the end of the 15th century; due to controversies in some of their chapters, they
were later rewritten. Nevertheless, this work was not used in practice at that
time, because a new land code was published in
1500
and the majority of land
and court officers ignored or refused it.
Contrary to previous land codes, the Bohemian Land Code of
1549
was
more extensive and detailed. Its major advantage was a systematic arrangement
of individual clauses, mainly created by the Land Vice-scribe of the Bohemian
Kingdom
Oldřich Humpolec
of
Prostiboř.
With regard to the discussed issue,
this text is important for its detailed list of individual sanctions for crimes against
aristocratic honour.
Similarly as in Bohemian land law, aristocratic disputes about honour are
also a special category in Moravian law and differ from other disputes in many
aspects. In the 16th century, special days were reserved for disputes about honour
at the Moravian Land Court. These disputes were not resolved as a part of
standard agenda; instead,
"roky"
(special judicial terms) were reserved for them.
These disputes were not resolved by the Moravian Land Court but by the Highest
Marshal of the Bohemian Kingdom, Moravian Land Captain or the Bohemian
king. Relevant petitions in these disputes were recorded in special judicial books
(known as the
rokové knihy)
.
Moravian land law permitted appeals to the
Bohemian king only in this type of disputes.
Moravian legal sources concerning aristocratic disputes about honour can
be divided into two basic categories. The first category consists of general laws
which include procedural rules, especially hearings before Land Captain, the
High Land Marshall of the Bohemian Kingdom or the Bohemian king. These
general laws partially deal with the material nature of defamation, similarly as
in Bohemian land law, and list specific facts (behaviour, situations or specific
defamatory expressions) that justify petitions concerning defamation.
The second group of sources consists of specific cases of aristocratic disputes
about honour as discussed before relevant officers or the king. This type of sources
provides invaluable information about everyday situations of the nobility in the
Early Modern Period that could result into the loss of honour and thereby exclude
the nobleman from the estate society; this information help us understand the
honour of the nobility. We can often determine in detail the meaning of general
laws only from the study of these specific cases.
Basic legal sources that include general laws about aristocratic honour are
books of law, land codes, general judgements of land courts and provisions
adopted by the Land Assembly.
463
Slechtické
spory o čest na raně novověké Moravě
Contrary to
Bohemian
land law, the issue of aristocratic honour was not
specified in detail in Moravian land law. The research is difficult especially due
to the fact that no book of law or a similar source is preserved from the 14th
century and nearly the entire IS01 century.
The first more coherent information about the resolution of aristocratic
disputes about honour in Moravian land law can be found in the book of law by
Moravian Land Captain
Ctibor Tovačovský
of Cimburk. His work, traditionally
known as the
Tovačov
Legal Book, was written in the 1480s as a reaction to the
discontinuity in meetings of the Moravian Land Court. Although the
Tovačov
Legal Book was never printed and was never officially valid, contrary to subsequent
land codes, it is considered the most important source of Moravian land law in
the period preceding the Battle on the White Mountain. When compiling the
legal book,
Ctibor Tovačovský
of Cimburk used old written documents concerning
land law, especially petitions, court judgements and other documents. In many
instances and also in cases of aristocratic disputes about honour, among other
things, his own wording documented custom legal practice of that time which
survived throughout the 16th century in many respects. The contents of individual
clauses of the
Tovačov
Legal Book were followed by a range of provisions adopted
in the form of general judgements of the Moravian Land Court or resolutions of
the Land Assembly. Likewise, the text of all subsequent Moravian land codes is
based on the
Tovačov
Legal Book.
Other important sources for the study of general judgements of the land
court and resolutions of the Land Assembly are Assembly Records and memoirs.
The basic form of legal provisions on procedures applicable to disputes about
honour valid until the publication of the Renewed Land Code was included in
the Moravian Land Code of
1535.
Cause
57 -
About Defamation and Good Reputation
-
was included in the subsequent land codes of
1545,1562
and
1604.
Contrary to
older, non-codified laws, land codes introduced a coherent set of land law
provisions which were especially focused on the position of individual estates,
the relationship between the estates and the sovereign, land court procedures,
the legal position of serfs, certain other issues of proprietary, obligatory and
hereditary law and, last but not least, police issues and the safety of the country.
Contrary to the aforementioned sources, the draft book of law by
Karel
the Elder
of
Žerotín
-
De ime nostro
(written at the beginning of the 17th- century) -introduces
new findings, especially in the field of mutual relationships of individual laws.
This manuscript has seldom been used by researchers; it was discovered by
František Čada,
who was compiling a list of manuscripts of the family of
Žerotín
in
Bludov
in the
1950s;
the manuscript is deposited in the Scientific Library in
Olomouc.
The text by
Žerotín
was probably not intended as the basis of a book
of law the only aim of which would be to replace the obsolete
Tovačov
Legal Book.
František Čáda
reasonably believed that the manuscript by
Žerotín
was a
preparatory text for a new land code or a draft land code. With regard to the
discussed issue, the draft book of law by
Žerotín
is important for determining
464
Summary
mutual relationships of individual provisions concerning disputes about honour.
The draft book includes separate sections dealing with the issue of aristocratic
honour.
Žerotín's
system of references helps us understand mutual links of
provisions related to disputes about honour with other land laws.
Besides the aforementioned group of sources including general Moravian
land laws, another category of sources exists; this category consists of specific
cases of aristocratic disputes about honour discussed before relevant officers or
the sovereign. It is particularly this type of sources that provides us with
invaluable information necessary for the understanding of aristocratic honour.
It is often enough to analyse these specific cases to determine in detail the
significance and function of general laws.
The oldest types of the second category of sources are Books of Summons
and Books of Sentences. The oldest known records that survived in fragments
date from the last third of the 14th century; coherent series of this agenda (however,
with many gaps in periods when no meetings of the land court were held) date
from the beginning of the 15th century. Within the scope of the petition agenda
of the Moravian Land Court, proprietary and legal disputes concerning real
estates recorded in land records were resolved in particular. From the mid 15th
century, disputes concerning aristocratic honour started appearing in the
summons agenda as well. However, individual records are usually of special
form, different from the form common with petitions and judgements.
Other sources in this category are memoirs, Assembly Records and various
copies and copy books made at the Moravian Land Court. Last but not least, an
important source is collections of Moravian summons and sentences ordered by
private persons throughout the entire 16th century. With respect to procedural
requisites, materials of the chamber court or files of the Bohemian Court Office
are of importance.
Questionable agenda related to disputes about honour was recorded in the
rokovéknihy.
Moravian Land Captain was responsible for thesebooks. Unfortunately,
these books did not survive to the present time; therefore, the preserved
roková
kniha
of Land Captain
Václav
of Ludanice is a unique source that provides details
about aristocratic disputes about honour. It is currently the only preserved
manuscript dealing with this type of disputes. The manuscript of this
roková
kniha
is located in the chateau library in
Mnichovo Hradiště
as a part of the
heritage of
Tomáš Pěšina
of
Čechorod,
sg.
48.4.7,
Roková kniha zemského hejtmana
Václava z Ludanic (The Roková Kniha
by Land Captain
Václav
of
Ludanice)
(1541-1556).
It is assumed that the manuscript of the book was originally kept in the library
of its author,
i.e.
Moravian Land Captain
Václav
of Ludanice, hence it was not
deposited together with other manuscripts in the estates archive. The history of
the manuscript until its acquisition by
Tomáš Pěšina
of
Čechorod
is unknown.
Pěšina
probably acquired the manuscript while working on Mars Moravicus.
In his will of 22nd September
1678,
Pěšina
bequeathed his entire library to the
Pauline Monastery in
Obořiště.
However, his will was only partially fulfilled
465
Slechtické
spory o čest na raně novověké
Morave
and some of his manuscripts found its way to the private library of Prague
Archbishop Jan Frederic, the count of Waldstein
(1675-1694),
This library later
became the basis of the Waldstein family library located in the chateau in
Duchcov. In the
1920s,
the library was moved from Duchcov to the chateau in
Mnichovo Hradiště.
Besides the
roková kniha,
the heritage of the baroque
historiographer
Tomáš Pěšina
of
Čechorod
includes a large number of legal
manuscripts.
Roková kniha moravského zemského hejtmana Václava z Ludanic
is a paper
manuscript from the 16th century with dimensions
20
χ
14
cm. The manuscript
is bound in a wooden cover with light brown leather finish decorated with blind-
blocking (flowers and figures of a woman and a man, probably a scrivener). The
original metal clips are lost. The manuscript contains
100
sheets in total. The
book itself is maintained to Sheet
81,
followed by a subsequent copy of a religious
print dealing with a miracle at the Church of St. Catherine in
Počátky
(1586).
The
Roková kniha moravského zemského hejtmana Václava z
Ludanic consists of
petitions filed in
1541-1556.
The book is administered only for the
Olomouc
Region. It includes
220
petitions in total. The book mainly consists of aristocratic
disputes about honour. This category also included crimes against life and health,
i.e.
primarily damage to health and murders. Only a small part of the disputes
recorded in the book concern grievances of serfs about the Establishment. In the
Early Modern Period, these disputes, similarly as disputes about honour and the
issues of widows and orphans, fell within the powers of Moravian Land Captain.
The
roková kniha
does not include judgements of the Moravian Land Court, to be
more precise, Moravian Land Captain and judges. It only includes petitions. The
corresponding judgements had to be found in other judicial registers.
According to the
Tovačov
Legal Book, the High Land Marshall of the Bohemian
Kingdom, Moravian Land Captain or the Bohemian king were authorized to
settle aristocratic disputes about honour. However, cases when aristocratic
disputes about honour were resolved by the High Land Marshall are rare; the
same can be said about disputes that were resolved by the Bohemian king in the
first instance. From the end of the 15th century to the issuance of the Renewed
Land Code, these disputes were in fact only resolved by Moravian Land Captain
with the help of several judges. The disputes were usually resolved after meetings
of the Moravian Land Court. Either of the parties could express their will not to
have the dispute resolved by the Moravian Land Court but to have it referred to
the Bohemian king (known as appeal). In such cases, the dispute was probably
resolved by the king himself or one of royal courts. Nevertheless, the jurisdiction
of the chamber court or other royal courts remains unclear. Moravian sources
do not mention any chamber court. On the other hand, a detailed analysis of the
agenda of the chamber court made by P.
Kreuz
shows that disputes about honour
concerning the Moravian nobility were resolved by this court.
The evidence in these disputes was mainly testimonies. Either party could
summon their own witnesses. If the testimonies were contradictory, oaths were
466
Summary
most often used as evidence. Oath as evidence was also used independently.
In such instance, the defendant claimed that he considered the petitioner an
honest person. Duel was seldom used as evidence.
Disputes about honour could be resolved through peaceful settlement,
which means that the parties agreed on an out-of-court remedy. If the Moravian
Land Court, to be more precise, Moravian Land Captain and judges, rendered
a judgement, they ordered one of the parties to make a remedy
{náprava
or
odpros).
Remedy was a form of apology and exists in several different wordings. Sporadically,
the punishment had the form of imprisonment or a financial remedy (with
disputes concerning crimes against life and health).
If either party did not attend a court hearing without a proper excuse, martial
law could be imposed on the party, which meant that the party lost the case. For
noblemen, dishonourable effects of such actions were often fatal. If a nobleman
was deprived of his honour, he ceased to be considered a member of the estates.
He could not attend hearings of the land court or the Land Assembly. He was
excluded from the estate society and declared an outcast. According to the
Tovačov
Legal Book, such person could become a monk or a farmer.
The material and legal basis of disputes about honour mainly consisted of
oral offences
-
various derogatory expressions that affected the aristocratic
honour of the particular person. Offences made to kinfolk or friends were also
frequent. The reason for initiating a libel action could also be an improper
addressing of a nobleman, for example in a letter. Besides these types of disputes,
more serious crimes against health and life were also resolved within the scope
of disputes about honour.
The edition of the
Rokovákntha zemského
hejtmana Václava z Ludanic
manuscript
should be primarily used by researchers dealing with the history of the nobility,
genealogy, the history of the everyday life or mentality and, last but not least,
legal history. The edition contains two types of footnotes. The first type is
language footnotes. The basic method used for the processing of the text is
transcription according to relevant transcription rules.
The second type is general explanatory footnotes. They mainly focus on
the identification of places and persons, owned property, mutual family
relationships, detailed dates of disputes, etc. This information, which is not
specified in certain editions, can significantly contribute to the classification of
the particular nobleman within the social structure of the Moravian society.
Information about individual noblemen is specified as follows:
1.
Affiliation to the estate
-
it is expressly stated whether the particular
nobleman was an aristocrat
(i.e.
Estate of Nobility) or not. All other persons that
appeared before Moravian land law in disputes about honour had to be noblemen
(i.e.
members of Estate of Gentry), unless the record expressly specified that the
467
Šlechtické spory o čest na raně novověké Moravě
person was a serf (and the petition was filed by their lord on their behalf)/ a townsman
or a clergyman. In case of "officers" or "servants" of big aristocratic families, if
they stood before the court alone, they were also noblemen.
2.
Father's name, if known. Two persons with identical names often occur
in the monitored period; however, the Senior and Junior attributes were not
always used consistently. Therefore, father's name helps put the person into a
more accurate
genealogie
context.
3.
Owned property, especially the ownership of allodial property, feoffs of
the
Olomouc
Diocese, feoffs of the High Land Marshall or royal feoffs. If it was
possible, the property owned outside the Moravian Margraviate, especially in
the Duchy of
Opava,
was also specified.
4.
Offices held at royal and land levels; with lower noblemen, information
about their service in aristocratic families.
5.
Other disputes that the particular nobleman took part in at that time.
With all noblemen, disputes about honour and grievances of serfs (also rather
rare) are specified in detail. With less known noblemen (who often did not own
a free manor), where records in judicial books are often the only evidence about
the person, we also included other types of disputes (petitions, disputes about
inheritance after deceased kinfolk, etc.).
6.
Other information that could help identify the person (with lower
noblemen, this means documentary evidence, instances when the person is
mentioned in aristocratic correspondence, members of the same family mentioned
at that time, etc.)
7.
Wife's name, if known.
8.
Date of death, if known, or the last known reference to the nobleman.
As the edition of the
Roková kniha zemského hejtmana Václava z
Lúdante
is also
aimed at broad professional public dealing with genealogy, the information in
the footnotes was also acquired from non-edited archive resources. A very
valuable source in this field is the
Titulové stavu duchovního a světského
volume
(1534)
by
Brikcí
of Licsko, which contains a rather detailed list of Moravian
noblemen. Therefore, a part of this print was also edited.
Aristocratic disputes about honour became one of the basic problems in the
relationship between bishops of
Olomouc
and the Moravian Estates. Disputes
concerning jurisdiction over them occurred especially during the episcopates of
Stanislav Pavlovský
and Franciscus of
Dietrichstein.
Main themes of the internal policy in Moravia in the 16th century were the
actual relationship between the bishop of
Olomouc
and the Bohemian king, the
position of the diocese within Moravia and the entire Bohemian Crown and
especially the mutual relationship between the bishop and the Moravian
Estates.
468
Summary
Economic and political stabilization of the
Olomouc
Diocese at the beginning
of the episcopate of
Stanislav
Thurzo
(1496-1540)
was soon replaced by ever
increasing demands of bishops who wanted to expand their rights and privileges
in the kingdom and consolidate their feudal possessions. Despite the general
decline of feoff systems in the 16th century, feudal possessions of bishops of
Olomouc
were consolidated significantly. Bishops of
Olomouc
held a special
position at the land court and the Land Assembly; they often influenced the
appointment of land officers, possessed large property, own court and serfs,
functioned as a spiritual authority for the entire country and were confidants or
diplomats of emperors.
From the 1580s, their rising demands resulted into lengthy disputes with
the estates. In
1588,
Emperor Rudolph II confirmed that bishops of
Olomouc
could
use the title princeps, a right that had been denied to them for a long time by the
land estates. Two years later, he issued a charter that significantly strengthened
the position of the
Olomouc
Diocese in Moravia.
On 14th July
1590,
Emperor Rudolph II issued a charter which enabled
bishops of
Olomouc
to seal Territorial Peace Treaties (landfried) on behalf of
vassals who only held feoffed property. These vassals of the bishops thus sealed
the treaties only per episcopum. Moreover, bishops of
Olomouc
were allowed to
form own army in war times. A significant change from the previously valid
privilege was the fact that the emperor newly expanded the jurisdiction of feudal
courts (generally) with disputes concerning crimes. These disputes mainly
concerned capital offences and honesty as well as grievances of serfs about the
Establishment. The emperor then confirmed again that the bishop of
Olomouc
could lawfully use the title princeps.
***
One of the main points of the charter was a clause that enabled to resolve
disputes about aristocratic honour at the feudal court of bishops of
Olomouc
in
Kroměříž,
provided that the dispute involved a bishop's vassal. Likewise, vassals
of the bishop of
Olomouc
could testify only at a feudal court. As a result, the land
Estates had to file actions for such testimonies only to the feudal court in
Kroměříž,
regardless of the fact whether the dispute concerned feoffed property or not.
On the basis of the privilege granted by Rudolph II in
1590,
all disputes
about honour that involved bishop's vassals were brought to the feudal court.
A roková kniha
was opened for recording these disputes. This manuscript, which
mainly includes records about aristocratic disputes about honour and grievances
of serfs, was maintained until
1702.
In includes more than
150
disputes; almost
all records were made by
1618.
The proceedings before the feudal court of bishops of
Olomouc
are in fact
identical with the standard proceedings of these types of disputes before the
land court. It can be said that from the end of the 15th century, feudal law of
469
Slechtické
spory o čest na raně novověké Moravě
bishops of
Olomouc,
especially in the field of judicial practice, was significantly
influenced by Moravian land law.
The significant influence of Moravian land law was one of the strongest
unifying elements in Moravia in the 16th century. It somehow pulled the
Duche
of
Opava
which balanced between Moravia and Silesia back to Moravia.
From the legal point of view, the
Duche
of
Opava
was inherently connected
with Moravia. This fact is clearly documented in a large number of instructions
sent from the Moravian Land Court to
Opava.
The instructions dealt with
common controversial property agenda. A large number of instructions were
sent from the Moravian Land Court to the
Duche
of
Opava
in relation to disputes
about honour, the issues of orphans and widows, etc. Contrary to Moravian land
law, several
roková kniha
dealing with the
Opava
land law survived. Special
roková
kniha
were maintained in the
Duche
of
Opava
from the 1570s to the beginning
of the
Іб1*1
century. Proceedings took place before the Land Captain of the
Duche
of
Opava,
to be more precise, before the land captain's court. Similarly as in the
Moravian Margraviate, petitions in these types of disputes had the form of
roky.
Likewise, the subject matter of the cases brought to the court was similar to the
cases brought before the Moravian Land Court.
From the 14th century, aristocratic disputes about honour represented
a significant category reflected in the law. From the turn of the Middle Ages
and the Early Modern Period, an increased attention was paid to these disputes
-
in Moravia, a special category of these disputes, which substantially differed
from the majority of property disputes, was established. Although original
starting points were more or less the same in Bohemian land law and Moravian
land law, the legislation in both these legal systems became different. However,
what remained the same was the fact that both these systems of land law rigidly
protected honour as an important and indispensable attribute of the nobility.
470 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1082447811 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035466429 |
| classification_rvk | NN 3450 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)276817221 (DE-599)BVBBV035466429 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | Vyd. 1. |
| era | 15.-17. stol Geschichte 1400-1600 gnd Geschichte 1541-1556 gnd |
| era_facet | 15.-17. stol Geschichte 1400-1600 Geschichte 1541-1556 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4135952-5 Quelle gnd-content Documents czenas Dokumenty czenas Prameny czenas Sources czenas Studie czenas Studies czenas |
| genre_facet | Quelle Documents Dokumenty Prameny Sources Studie Studies |
| geographic | Morava (Česko) czenas Moravia (Czech Republic) / czenas czenas Moravia (Czech Republic) czenas Tschechische Republik Mähren (DE-588)4074432-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Morava (Česko) Moravia (Czech Republic) / czenas Moravia (Czech Republic) Tschechische Republik Mähren |
| id | DE-604.BV035466429 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-20T09:01:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788086488479 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017386170 |
| oclc_num | 276817221 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-739 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-739 |
| physical | 470 S. Ill. |
| psigel | DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Matice Moravská |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Prameny dějin moravských |
| series2 | Prameny dějin moravských |
| spelling | Šlechtické spory o čest na raně novověké Moravě (edice rokové knihy zemského hejtmana Václava z Ludanic z let 1541 - 1556) ; historická studie a edice k vyd. připravila a historickou studií opatřila Jana Janišová Vyd. 1. Brno Matice Moravská 2007 470 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Prameny dějin moravských 14 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Disputes of the nobility about honour in Moravia in the early modern period ; (the edition of the roková kniha by land captain Václav of Ludanice from 1541 - 1556) 15.-17. stol Geschichte 1400-1600 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1541-1556 gnd rswk-swf Šlechta / Česko / 15.-17. stol czenas Čest czenas Soudnictví / Česko / 15.-17. stol czenas Historické prameny / Česko / 15.-17. stol czenas Právní dokumenty / Česko / 15.-17. stol czenas Nobility / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries czenas Honour czenas Administration of justice / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries czenas Historical sources / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries czenas Legal documents / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries czenas Administration of justice - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries czenas Historical sources - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries czenas Historické prameny - Česko - 15.-17. stol czenas Legal documents - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries czenas Nobility - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries czenas Právní dokumenty - Česko - 15.-17. stol czenas Soudnictví - Česko - 15.-17. stol czenas Šlechta - Česko - 15.-17. stol czenas Adel (DE-588)4000464-8 gnd rswk-swf Ehrverletzung (DE-588)4013699-1 gnd rswk-swf Ehrenschutz (DE-588)4139017-9 gnd rswk-swf Morava (Česko) czenas Moravia (Czech Republic) / czenas czenas Moravia (Czech Republic) czenas Tschechische Republik Mähren (DE-588)4074432-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4135952-5 Quelle gnd-content Documents czenas Dokumenty czenas Prameny czenas Sources czenas Studie czenas Studies czenas Mähren (DE-588)4074432-2 g Adel (DE-588)4000464-8 s Ehrenschutz (DE-588)4139017-9 s Geschichte 1400-1600 z DE-604 Ehrverletzung (DE-588)4013699-1 s Geschichte 1541-1556 z Janišová, Jana 1978- Sonstige (DE-588)1082447811 oth Prameny dějin moravských 14 (DE-604)BV012413792 14 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017386170&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017386170&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Šlechtické spory o čest na raně novověké Moravě (edice rokové knihy zemského hejtmana Václava z Ludanic z let 1541 - 1556) ; historická studie a edice Prameny dějin moravských Šlechta / Česko / 15.-17. stol czenas Čest czenas Soudnictví / Česko / 15.-17. stol czenas Historické prameny / Česko / 15.-17. stol czenas Právní dokumenty / Česko / 15.-17. stol czenas Nobility / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries czenas Honour czenas Administration of justice / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries czenas Historical sources / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries czenas Legal documents / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries czenas Administration of justice - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries czenas Historical sources - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries czenas Historické prameny - Česko - 15.-17. stol czenas Legal documents - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries czenas Nobility - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries czenas Právní dokumenty - Česko - 15.-17. stol czenas Soudnictví - Česko - 15.-17. stol czenas Šlechta - Česko - 15.-17. stol czenas Adel (DE-588)4000464-8 gnd Ehrverletzung (DE-588)4013699-1 gnd Ehrenschutz (DE-588)4139017-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4000464-8 (DE-588)4013699-1 (DE-588)4139017-9 (DE-588)4074432-2 (DE-588)4135952-5 |
| title | Šlechtické spory o čest na raně novověké Moravě (edice rokové knihy zemského hejtmana Václava z Ludanic z let 1541 - 1556) ; historická studie a edice |
| title_auth | Šlechtické spory o čest na raně novověké Moravě (edice rokové knihy zemského hejtmana Václava z Ludanic z let 1541 - 1556) ; historická studie a edice |
| title_exact_search | Šlechtické spory o čest na raně novověké Moravě (edice rokové knihy zemského hejtmana Václava z Ludanic z let 1541 - 1556) ; historická studie a edice |
| title_full | Šlechtické spory o čest na raně novověké Moravě (edice rokové knihy zemského hejtmana Václava z Ludanic z let 1541 - 1556) ; historická studie a edice k vyd. připravila a historickou studií opatřila Jana Janišová |
| title_fullStr | Šlechtické spory o čest na raně novověké Moravě (edice rokové knihy zemského hejtmana Václava z Ludanic z let 1541 - 1556) ; historická studie a edice k vyd. připravila a historickou studií opatřila Jana Janišová |
| title_full_unstemmed | Šlechtické spory o čest na raně novověké Moravě (edice rokové knihy zemského hejtmana Václava z Ludanic z let 1541 - 1556) ; historická studie a edice k vyd. připravila a historickou studií opatřila Jana Janišová |
| title_short | Šlechtické spory o čest na raně novověké Moravě |
| title_sort | slechticke spory o cest na rane novoveke morave edice rokove knihy zemskeho hejtmana vaclava z ludanic z let 1541 1556 historicka studie a edice |
| title_sub | (edice rokové knihy zemského hejtmana Václava z Ludanic z let 1541 - 1556) ; historická studie a edice |
| topic | Šlechta / Česko / 15.-17. stol czenas Čest czenas Soudnictví / Česko / 15.-17. stol czenas Historické prameny / Česko / 15.-17. stol czenas Právní dokumenty / Česko / 15.-17. stol czenas Nobility / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries czenas Honour czenas Administration of justice / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries czenas Historical sources / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries czenas Legal documents / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries czenas Administration of justice - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries czenas Historical sources - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries czenas Historické prameny - Česko - 15.-17. stol czenas Legal documents - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries czenas Nobility - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries czenas Právní dokumenty - Česko - 15.-17. stol czenas Soudnictví - Česko - 15.-17. stol czenas Šlechta - Česko - 15.-17. stol czenas Adel (DE-588)4000464-8 gnd Ehrverletzung (DE-588)4013699-1 gnd Ehrenschutz (DE-588)4139017-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Šlechta / Česko / 15.-17. stol Čest Soudnictví / Česko / 15.-17. stol Historické prameny / Česko / 15.-17. stol Právní dokumenty / Česko / 15.-17. stol Nobility / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries Honour Administration of justice / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries Historical sources / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries Legal documents / Czech Republic / 15th-17th centuries Administration of justice - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries Historical sources - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries Historické prameny - Česko - 15.-17. stol Legal documents - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries Nobility - Czech Republic - 15th-17th centuries Právní dokumenty - Česko - 15.-17. stol Soudnictví - Česko - 15.-17. stol Šlechta - Česko - 15.-17. stol Adel Ehrverletzung Ehrenschutz Morava (Česko) Moravia (Czech Republic) / czenas Moravia (Czech Republic) Tschechische Republik Mähren Quelle Documents Dokumenty Prameny Sources Studie Studies |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017386170&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017386170&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV012413792 |
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