Mountain timberlines: ecology, patchiness, and dynamics
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Dordrecht [u.a.]
Springer Netherlands
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | Reprinted with corr. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Advances in global change research
36 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | X, 437 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9781402097041 9781402097058 |
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| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Die Höhengrenze der Gebirgswälder |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Mountain timberlines |b ecology, patchiness, and dynamics |c by Friedrich-Karl Holtmeier |
| 250 | |a Reprinted with corr. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Dordrecht [u.a.] |b Springer Netherlands |c 2009 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Forest ecology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mountain ecology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mountain plants |x Ecophysiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Timberline | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138882191589376 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ix
1
INTRODUCTION
1
2
HISTORY AND PRESENT STATE
5
OF TIMBERLE4E RESEARCH
2.1
Early timberline research
5
2.2
Modern timberline research
7
3
DEFINITIONS, TERMINOLOGY
11
4
PHYSIOGNOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL
29
DIFFERENTIATION OF MOUNTAIN TIMBERLINE
4.1
Tree species at timberline
29
4.1.1
Influence of geological and floral history
29
4.1.2
Tree species at temperate and northern timberlines
32
4.1.3
Tree species at timberlines in the southern hemisphere
42
and in the tropics
4.2
Relationship of timberline elevation to macroclimate,
49
climate character, and the mass-elevation effect
4.3
Ecological conditions and processes at the timberlines
58
4.3.1
Heat deficiency
58
4.3.2
Carbon balance, carbon limitation
61
4.3.3
Frost tolerance and damage
65
4.3.3.1
Temperate and northern timberlines
65
4.3.3.2
Tropical timberlines
73
4.3.4
Winter desiccation and abrasion
75
4.3.5
Soil temperature
86
4.3.6
Wind
104
4.3.7
Snow cover
107
vi
Mountain Timberlines
4.3.7.1 Distribution
and characteristics of snow cover
108
4.3.7.2
Effects of the snow cover on sites 111
4.3.8
Soils
122
4.3.9
Topography/geomorphology
135
4.3.9.1
Slope gradient and geomorphic structure
136
4.3.9.2
Exposure
162
4.3.10
Regeneration
167
4.3.10.1
Seed-produced regeneration
167
4.3.10.2
Vegetative reproduction
182
4.3.11
Influence of site conditions on growth form
188
4.3.12
Influence of trees and tree stands on site conditions
220
4.3.13
Influence of animals on timberline
244
4.3.13.1
Large herbivorous mammals
245
4.3.13.2
Burrowing herbivorous mammals
253
4.3.13.3
Birds
254
4.3.13.4
Defoliating insects (Epirrita autumnata,
264
Operophtera
brumată)
4.3.14
Anthropogenic impact on timberline
268
4.3.14.1
Lowering the timberline
268
4.3.14.2
After-effects of timberline decline and present
278
impact
5
TIMBERLINE FLUCTUATIONS
293
5.1
General aspects
293
5.2
Timberline fluctuations in the past
297
5.3
Driving processes and adverse factors controlling
299
present timberline dynamics
5.4
Regional variation in timberline response after the
301
Little Ice Age
5.5
Conclusions and perspectives
326
6
TIMBERLINE PROSPECTS AND RESEARCH
335
NEEDS
REFERENCES
343
INDEX
421
Advances in Global Change Research
36
Friedrich-Karl
Holtmeier
Mountain Timberlines
Ecology, Patchiness, and Dynamics
Mountain Timberlines is published as part of the broad area of research on
the changing global climate and its impact on the environment. The upper
timberline is the most conspicuous vegetation limit in high-mountain areas of
all continents and islands, except for the Antarctic. The dynamics of timberline
establishment and maintenance is being affected by global warming in a number
of ways. From a global view point, the present timberline is far from being caused
only by the current climate, but instead reflects also history of climate, human
impact and local site conditions. It is the objective of the book to highlight the
physiognomic and ecological variety of mountain timberlines as well as their
regionally and locally varying heterogeneity and temporal dynamics thus giving
a complex view of the global timberline pattern.
After an introduction into the complexities of the subject, the history and
present state of timberline research are outlined. Chapters on the tree species
at timberline and on the relationship of timberline elevation to marcroclimate,
climate character and the mass-elevation effect follow. The main chapter deals
with the physiognomic and ecological differentiation of altitudinal timberlines,
in particular with the timberline controlling physical and biological factors, their
interactions and their influence on the spatial structures and temporal dynamics
in the timberline
ecotone.
Also, the feedbacks of trees and tree stands on the
timberline environment are considered. This is the base for understanding the
response of timberlines to climatically driven changes, which are considered in
the last chapters.
|
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| id | DE-604.BV035437211 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:35:15Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781402097041 9781402097058 |
| language | English German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017357516 |
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| physical | X, 437 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
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| series | Advances in global change research |
| series2 | Advances in global change research |
| spelling | Holtmeier, Friedrich-Karl Verfasser aut Die Höhengrenze der Gebirgswälder Mountain timberlines ecology, patchiness, and dynamics by Friedrich-Karl Holtmeier Reprinted with corr. Dordrecht [u.a.] Springer Netherlands 2009 X, 437 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Advances in global change research 36 Forest ecology Mountain ecology Mountain plants Ecophysiology Timberline Waldgrenze (DE-588)4188976-9 gnd rswk-swf Landschaftsökologie (DE-588)4034352-2 gnd rswk-swf Gebirgswald (DE-588)4071618-1 gnd rswk-swf Gebirgswald (DE-588)4071618-1 s Waldgrenze (DE-588)4188976-9 s Landschaftsökologie (DE-588)4034352-2 s DE-604 Advances in global change research 36 (DE-604)BV013049405 36 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017357516&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017357516&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Holtmeier, Friedrich-Karl Mountain timberlines ecology, patchiness, and dynamics Advances in global change research Forest ecology Mountain ecology Mountain plants Ecophysiology Timberline Waldgrenze (DE-588)4188976-9 gnd Landschaftsökologie (DE-588)4034352-2 gnd Gebirgswald (DE-588)4071618-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4188976-9 (DE-588)4034352-2 (DE-588)4071618-1 |
| title | Mountain timberlines ecology, patchiness, and dynamics |
| title_alt | Die Höhengrenze der Gebirgswälder |
| title_auth | Mountain timberlines ecology, patchiness, and dynamics |
| title_exact_search | Mountain timberlines ecology, patchiness, and dynamics |
| title_full | Mountain timberlines ecology, patchiness, and dynamics by Friedrich-Karl Holtmeier |
| title_fullStr | Mountain timberlines ecology, patchiness, and dynamics by Friedrich-Karl Holtmeier |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mountain timberlines ecology, patchiness, and dynamics by Friedrich-Karl Holtmeier |
| title_short | Mountain timberlines |
| title_sort | mountain timberlines ecology patchiness and dynamics |
| title_sub | ecology, patchiness, and dynamics |
| topic | Forest ecology Mountain ecology Mountain plants Ecophysiology Timberline Waldgrenze (DE-588)4188976-9 gnd Landschaftsökologie (DE-588)4034352-2 gnd Gebirgswald (DE-588)4071618-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Forest ecology Mountain ecology Mountain plants Ecophysiology Timberline Waldgrenze Landschaftsökologie Gebirgswald |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017357516&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017357516&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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