Między Wschodem a Zachodem: rodzina i gospodarstwo domowe Żydów suwalskich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Wydawnictwo Neriton
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | Wyd. 1. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Prace Naukowe Instytutu Historycznego UW
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 250 s., [1] k. złoż graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788375430585 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Między Wschodem a Zachodem |b rodzina i gospodarstwo domowe Żydów suwalskich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku |c Artur Markowski |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Warszawa |b Wydawnictwo Neriton |c 2008 | |
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| 490 | 0 | |a Prace Naukowe Instytutu Historycznego UW | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 505 | 0 | |a Bibliogr. s. [215]-227. Indeks | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1800-1850 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Gospodarstwa domowe / Polska / Suwałki (region) / 19 w |2 jhpk | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Gospodarstwa domowe - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Rodziny żydowskie - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Żydzi - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w |2 jhpk | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138881240530944 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis
tresei
Od autora
..................................................................... 9
Wstęp
.......................................................................
и
Rozdział
1.
W suwalskim tyglu. Żydzi w Suwałkach w pierwszej połowie
XIX
w.
... 26
Trudne początki
.........................................................28
Od wspólnoty do zrzeszenia
..............................................36
Socjotopografia
..........................................................56
Podsumowanie
......................................................___60
Rozdział
2.
Wędrówka ludu? Struktury demograficzne miasta
......................62
Ziarnko do ziarnka... Zabór pruski i czasy Księstwa Warszawskiego
(1802-1815)............................................................. 64
Rewolucja demograficzna? Czasy Królestwa Polskiego
(1815-1865)............ 75
Podsumowanie
.......................................................... 88
Rozdział
3.
W Talmudzie, kodeksie i w urzędniczym biurku. Religijne
i państwowoprawne podstawy funkcjonowania rodziny żydowskiej
.........90
Między religią a obyczajem
...............................................91
Meandry prawa Księstwa Warszawskiego i Królestwa Polskiego
..............102
Boskie czy ludzkie?
......................................................110
Rozdział
4.
Trzy etapy. Wybrane aspekty ruchu naturalnego społeczności
żydowskiej Suwałk
.....................................................113
Pod chupą
-
małżeństwa
.................................................119
Nad kołyską
-
urodzenia
.................................................138
W domu ojca
-
zgony
....................................................145
Ku nowoczesności?
......................................................152
Rozdział
5.
Za jednym stołem. Wielkość gospodarstwa domowego w kontekście
materialnych podstaw jego egzystencji
....................................154
Liczba i wielkość gospodarstw domowych
.................................156
Ekonomia a rodzina
.....................................................176
Podsumowanie
..........................................................181
Rozdział
6.
W sieci powiązań. Rodzina jako podmiot interakcji społecznych
........183
Lejb czy Leon, Chawa czy Ewa? Tradycje i pokolenia
........................184
W komitywie.
Relaqe
międzygrupowe
.....................................196
Wyłomy w murze. Czynniki osłabiające trwałość rodziny
....................199
Podsumowanie
..........................................................208
Zakończenie
...................................................................211
Wykaz skrótów
................................................................214
Bibliografia
....................................................................215
Aneksy
.......................................................................228
Spis tabel
.....................................................................235
Spis wykresów i schematów
....................................................239
Spis aneksów
..................................................................243
Summary
......................................................................244
Indeks osób
...................................................................246
Contents
Acknowledgements
..............................................................9
Introduction
....................................................................11
Chapter
1.
In Suwalki s Melting Pot. Jews in
Suwałki
in the First Half of
the 19th Century
...........................................................26
Difficult Beginnings
........................................................28
From Community to Association
............................................36
Sociotopography
...........................................................56
Conclusions
...............................................................60
Chapter
2.
Great Migrations? Demographic Structures of the Town
.................62
„Grain by Grain... . Prussian Rule and Duchy of Warsaw Period
(1802-1815).....64
Demographic Revolution? In the Polish Kingdom
(1815-1865)...................75
Conclusions
...............................................................88
Chapter
3.
In the Talmud, the Code and the Table of a Civil Servant. Religious,
State and Legislative Aspects of Jewish Family Functioning
...................90
Between Religion and Custom
...............................................91
Meanders of Law in Warsaw Duchy and the Polish Kingdom
..................102
Divine or Human?
........................................................110
Chapter
4.
Three Stages. Chosen Aspects of the Natural Movement of Population.
. .113
Under the
Нмря
-
Marriages
................................................119
Over the Cradle
-
Births
...................................................138
In the House of the Father
-
Deaths
.........................................145
Towards the Modernity?
...................................................152
Chapter
5.
At the Same Table. Size of Household in the Context of Material Basis
of its Existence
...........................................................154
Size and Number of Households
............................................156
Economy and Family
......................................................176
Conclusions
..............................................................181
Chapter
6.
In the Network of Connections. Family as a Subject
of Social Interactions
......................................................183
Lejb or Leon, Chawa or
Ewa?
Traditions and Generations
.....................184
„Hand in Glove . Intergroup Relations
......................................196
Breaches in the Wall. Factors Weakening Family Stability
......................199
Conclusions
..............................................................208
Conclusion
....................................................................211
List of Abbreviations
...........................................................214
Bibliography
..................................................................215
Appendices
....................................................................228
List of Tables
..................................................................237
List of Charts and Schemes
.....................................................241
List of Appendices
............................................................243
Summary
......................................................................244
Name Index
...................................................................246
Summary
Between East and West: the Jewish Family in
Suwałki
in the First Half of the 19th Century
is intended to fill a very visible gap in the field of Jewish Studies concerning the Jewish
community in the Polish Kingdom in the first half of the 19lh century. No works analyzing
the Jewish family have so far been written by Polish or foreign scholars (such as
Artur
Ei¬
senbach,
Marcin Wodziński,
Jacob Katz, or David Assaf
)
who have concentrated on the his¬
tory of Polish Jewry in the first half of the 19th century.
The book covers the period between
1802-1865.
It starts with the arrival of the first
Jewish families in
Suwałki
and concludes with the decade that saw the January Uprising,
the Emancipatory Act, and the
Russification
of the local administration. These were the ex¬
ternal conditions that influenced above all the organization and living conditions of the
Jewish population in the Polish Kingdom.
The aims of the work are: to characterize Jewish families; to describe their traits such
as: their size and structure (organizational structure, age structure), main stages in family
life (from marriage until the deaths of family members); to discover the factors that had an
influence on these basic demographic facts. The family is not only presented from the per¬
spective of its inner construction. The author also characterizes it in a broader context, re¬
searching its system of connections with the surrounding social reality. The aim is to place
the Jewish family of a backward Polish Kingdom within the typology of the diversification
of European families, constructed by Peter Laslett and John
Hajnal.
The main sources used in the book are manuscript documents from Polish and for¬
eign archives and libraries (in Warsaw,
Suwałki,
Tel Aviv, New York, Minsk, and Mos¬
cow).
The first Jews came to
Suwałki
in
1802
and up until the 1860s their numbers grew
twice as quickly as those of the Gentile population in the town. In the first half of the 19th
century, the population of
Suwałki
(which was the capital of the province) increased dra¬
matically. The growth of the Jewish population occurred mainly due to
Suwałki
being an
important stage on the migratory route from the Russian Empire. It was halted only because
of the economic problems of (he 1860s and extensive immigration to the United States and
Brazil.
Factors such as: the lack of historical traditions of Jewish self-organization (the struc¬
ture of the kehillas did not solidify until
1821
when community boards were introduced
from above and kehillas were eliminated), being a community built by immigrants, and the
creation (from scratch) of the infrastructure connected with religion
-
all allow one to argue
that social capital among Jews in
Suwałki
was weak or did not exist at all.
Summary
245
In the first half of the
19*
century, the state administration showed little interest in
the legal affairs of Jewish families. The Napoleonic Code and, later on, the Civil Code of
the Polish Kingdom regulated only the registration of marital status, the age of candidates
for marriage and problems connected with the marital property. The functioning of the Jew¬
ish family was regulated mainly by the religious law. The Talmud and Halacha as well as
established traditions and customs, shaped the life of the Jewish family in the period in
question. Occasionally, state law supported the religious law, for example by strengthening
the patriarchal nature of Jewish society. However, the state law was often ignored, and the
regulations of the civil code were not implemented.
In such conditions, marriages and births took place according to the religious calen¬
dar. Marriages were most willingly initiated at the end of the Jewish year (Rosh ha-Shana
-
September), perhaps because the newly weds wanted to begin the new year as a married
couple. A similar pattern took place in March before Passover, which initiated the cycle of
the pilgrimage holidays (sholohz-regalim). Marriage was avoided between Passover and
Sukkoth (March-July). The number of marriages rose in December, the month of the Tem¬
ple consecration in ancient times that was celebrated during Hanukkah. This model, which
can be verified for different territories and times, clearly shows the considerable stability of
the cultural patterns and traditions of the Jewish community.
A similar pattern is shown in the seasonality of conceptions. The mortality rate coin¬
cided with the seasons of the year (it was greater during winters). In Suwaiki s Jewish com¬
munity, the significant postnatal mortality of mothers and children was observed. A low life
expectancy
(19
for men and
24
for women) and a low marriage age for women
(20)
con¬
tributed to Jewish marriages following the eastern (or traditional) pattern.
Households were of a small size (on average around
4.5
persons). Hence, it seems that
the majority of them were of a simplified structure: two-generational. They can therefore
be regarded as similar to the nuclear family (parents and children). The nature of the head
of the family profession and the financial status of the household had a considerable impact
on the size of the family. The biggest families were present among less affluent craftsmen,
the smallest among the most well-off. It can be assumed that the demand for an increased
labor force was the main factor in rearing a greater number of children.
Jewish families in
Suwałki
did not generally construct extensive social bonds. They
were limited to the surrounding neighborhood and, at the beginning of the researched pe¬
riod, to the same professional group. These social bonds were constructed within one caste;
they might have been based on the territorial or/and social neighborhood. The latter pattern
was present more frequently, but the accumulation of all factors cannot be excluded.
Conclusion: Jewish families from one of the most underdeveloped regions of the Polish
Kingdom generally took the form of the nuclear family. They created small, simple, and fa¬
milial households. Thus, a similarity to the western pattern in the typology of Peter Laslett
(that took place, for instance, in Great Britain) can be observed. On the other hand, the great
attachment to tradition and religion, the low age of marriage for women and a high death
rate, locate them on the eastern side (John
Hajnal).
The rift between east and west is linked
to the urban character of the Jewish family that nevertheless functioned in a traditional en¬
vironment.
The lack of extensive contacts and social bonds, the atomization of families and the
predominance of the simple structure of the households, confirmed the lack of social capi¬
tal among Jews in
Suwałki.
Tlie
coincidence of the seasonality of conceptions with the religious calendar and small
family structures, may be indicators of the usage of birth control methods (and not only
natural ones).
translated by
Sylwia
Kuzma-Markowska
|
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| geographic | Suwałki Region (DE-588)4317514-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Suwałki Region |
| id | DE-604.BV035436566 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:35:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788375430585 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017356881 |
| oclc_num | 316532049 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 250 s., [1] k. złoż graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
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| publisher | Wydawnictwo Neriton |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Prace Naukowe Instytutu Historycznego UW |
| spelling | Markowski, Artur Verfasser aut Między Wschodem a Zachodem rodzina i gospodarstwo domowe Żydów suwalskich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku Artur Markowski Wyd. 1. Warszawa Wydawnictwo Neriton 2008 250 s., [1] k. złoż graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Prace Naukowe Instytutu Historycznego UW Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Bibliogr. s. [215]-227. Indeks Geschichte 1800-1850 gnd rswk-swf Gospodarstwa domowe / Polska / Suwałki (region) / 19 w jhpk Rodziny żydowskie / Polska / Suwałki (region) / 19 w jhpk Żydzi / Polska / Suwałki (region) / 19 w jhpk Gospodarstwa domowe - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w jhpk Rodziny żydowskie - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w jhpk Żydzi - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w jhpk Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Suwałki Region (DE-588)4317514-4 gnd rswk-swf Suwałki Region (DE-588)4317514-4 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Geschichte 1800-1850 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017356881&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017356881&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Markowski, Artur Między Wschodem a Zachodem rodzina i gospodarstwo domowe Żydów suwalskich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku Bibliogr. s. [215]-227. Indeks Gospodarstwa domowe / Polska / Suwałki (region) / 19 w jhpk Rodziny żydowskie / Polska / Suwałki (region) / 19 w jhpk Żydzi / Polska / Suwałki (region) / 19 w jhpk Gospodarstwa domowe - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w jhpk Rodziny żydowskie - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w jhpk Żydzi - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w jhpk Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4317514-4 |
| title | Między Wschodem a Zachodem rodzina i gospodarstwo domowe Żydów suwalskich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku |
| title_auth | Między Wschodem a Zachodem rodzina i gospodarstwo domowe Żydów suwalskich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku |
| title_exact_search | Między Wschodem a Zachodem rodzina i gospodarstwo domowe Żydów suwalskich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku |
| title_full | Między Wschodem a Zachodem rodzina i gospodarstwo domowe Żydów suwalskich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku Artur Markowski |
| title_fullStr | Między Wschodem a Zachodem rodzina i gospodarstwo domowe Żydów suwalskich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku Artur Markowski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Między Wschodem a Zachodem rodzina i gospodarstwo domowe Żydów suwalskich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku Artur Markowski |
| title_short | Między Wschodem a Zachodem |
| title_sort | miedzy wschodem a zachodem rodzina i gospodarstwo domowe zydow suwalskich w pierwszej polowie xix wieku |
| title_sub | rodzina i gospodarstwo domowe Żydów suwalskich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku |
| topic | Gospodarstwa domowe / Polska / Suwałki (region) / 19 w jhpk Rodziny żydowskie / Polska / Suwałki (region) / 19 w jhpk Żydzi / Polska / Suwałki (region) / 19 w jhpk Gospodarstwa domowe - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w jhpk Rodziny żydowskie - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w jhpk Żydzi - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w jhpk Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gospodarstwa domowe / Polska / Suwałki (region) / 19 w Rodziny żydowskie / Polska / Suwałki (region) / 19 w Żydzi / Polska / Suwałki (region) / 19 w Gospodarstwa domowe - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w Rodziny żydowskie - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w Żydzi - Polska - Suwałki (region) - 19 w Juden Suwałki Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017356881&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017356881&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT markowskiartur miedzywschodemazachodemrodzinaigospodarstwodomowezydowsuwalskichwpierwszejpołowiexixwieku |