Polityka państwa wobec Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce w okresie internowania prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego: 1953 - 1956
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Inst. Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
2008
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
46 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 498 Seiten graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9788376290102 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Polityka państwa wobec Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce w okresie internowania prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego |b 1953 - 1956 |c Bartłomiej Noszczak |
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| 500 | |a Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache | ||
| 600 | 1 | 4 | |a Wyszyński, Stefan <1901-1981> |
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| 648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1900-2000 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
. 9
Problematyka pracy
. 9
Literatura przedmiotu
. 10
Baza źródłowa
. 17
Konstrukcja pracy
. 19
1.
Aparaty partyjny i państwowy odpowiedzialne za politykę wyznaniową
w Polsce
(1944-1956). 21
Aparat partyjny
. 21
Resort bezpieczeństwa
. 24
Resort Administracji Publicznej, Ministerstwo Administracji Publicznej
. 29
Urząd do spraw Wyznań
. 31
2.
Zarys polityki państwa wobec Kościoła w Polsce w latach
1944-1953. 38
3.
Polityka władz wobec Kościoła po aresztowaniu prymasa Stefana
Wyszyńskiego (wrzesień-grudzień
1953
r.)
. 59
Proces podporządkowywania Kościoła państwu
. 59
Aresztowanie i internowanie prymasa
. 59
Przygotowania do procesu prymasa
. 66
Aresztowanie i uwięzienie biskupa Antoniego Baraniaka
. 67
Banicja biskupa Lucjana Bernackiego
. 69
Posiedzenia Komisji Głównej i Konferencji Plenarnej Episkopatu Polski
. 70
List pasterski Episkopatu na Dzień Zaduszny
. 92
Ślubowanie przez duchowieństwo wierności PRL
. 93
Działania operacyjne resortu bezpieczeństwa
. 98
Kampania propagandowa władz
. 110
Nowelizacja dekretu o obsadzaniu duchownych stanowisk kościelnych
z
9
lutego
1953
r
. 123
Strategia działania UdsW po
25
września
1953
r
. 132
4.
Przesiedlenia duchowieństwa
. 143
Geneza przesiedleń
. 143
Analizy zagrożeń ze strony duchowieństwa autochtonicznego na Ziemiach
Odzyskanych i sposoby przeciwdziałania im
. 147
5
Plany ograniczenia rewizjonistycznej działalności duchowieństwa na Ziemiach
Odzyskanych
. 151
Przesiedlenie księży autochtonów z województw katowickiego i opolskiego
. 154
Przesiedlenie zakonów z województw białostockiego, warszawskiego,
bydgoskiego, krakowskiego i poznańskiego
. 164
Dom zakonny i Niższe Seminarium Duchowne salezjanów i salezjanek
w Różanymstoku (białostockie)
. 164
Dom marianów w Warszawie
. 167
Dom pasterek w Dębowej Łące (bydgoskie)
. 168
Domy zakonne województwa krakowskiego
. 169
Klasztory województwa poznańskiego
. 174
Łamanie praworządności podczas przesiedleń zakonów
. 177
Przesiedlenie żeńskich zgromadzeń zakonnych z województw katowickiego,
opolskiego i wrocławskiego
. 178
Przygotowanie przesiedlenia
. 178
Zdobywanie sankcji Kościoła dla przesiedlenia
. 184
Instrumentalne stosowanie prawa
. 187
Likwidacja domów zakonnych i umieszczenie zakonnic w ośrodkach
przejściowych
. 188
Przejęcie obiektów pozakonnych przez państwo
. 190
Usunięcie zakonnic do domów generalnych i prowincjalnych w województwach
katowickim, opolskim i wrocławskim
. 192
Internowanie zakonnic
. 194
Bilans akcji
„X-2"
. 201
Dezintegracja duchowieństwa na tle akcji
„X-2"
. 203
Reakcje społeczne na przesiedlenie zakonnic
. 204
Organizacja życia w ośrodkach internowania zakonnic
. 210
Werbowanie internowanych zakonnic i osób z ich otoczenia przez resort
bezpieczeństwa
. 214
Przymusowa praca internowanych zakonnic na rzecz państwa
. 216
Problem repatriacji do Niemiec zakonnic objętych akcją
„X-2"
. 225
Zamysł ponownego przesiedlenia zakonnic
. 227
Usunięcie jezuitów ze Szczecina
. 228
5.
Laicyzacja szkolnictwa
. 234
Plan laicyzacji młodzieży szkolnej
. 235
Zmiany w siatce nauczania w roku szkolnym
1954/1955. 239
Ograniczenia w nauczaniu religii
. 249
Szkolnictwo podstawowe
. 249
Szkolnictwo licealne
. 252
Bilans usuwania religii ze szkół
. 255
Ograniczenia działalności szkolnictwa katolickiego
. 258
Szkolnictwo podstawowe
. 259
Szkolnictwo zawodowe
. 261
Szkolnictwo licealne
. 262
Szkolnictwo wyższe (Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski)
. 266
Problem rekolekcji wielkopostnych
. 270
Przejęcie przez państwo burs i internatów prowadzonych przez instytucje
wyznaniowe
. 281
Akademia Teologii Katolickiej w Warszawie
-
okoliczności powstania i rola
w polityce wyznaniowej
. 295
6.
Wpływ procesów odwilżowych na politykę wyznaniową
(1954-1956). 301
Kryzys działalności pionu wyznaniowego resortu bezpieczeństwa i próby jego
przezwyciężenia
(1954-1956). 301
Antyzakonne inicjatywy KdsBP
. 325
Zamysł likwidacji zakonów
. 325
Zamysł ograniczenia działalności zakonu jezuitów
. 336
Antyzakonne inicjatywy UdsW
. 340
Polityka władz wobec izolowanego duchowieństwa
. 344
Problem izolacji biskupa Antoniego Baraniaka
. 346
Złagodzenie reżimu internowania prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego
. 347
Działania wobec biskupa Czesława Kaczmarka
. 351
Reakcja władz na próby powrotu z internowania biskupów Stanisława
Adamskiego, Herberta Bednorza i Juliusza Bieńka
. 357
Przeciwdziałanie obchodom Roku Maryjnego
(1955-1956)
i Roku Królowej Polski
(1956-1957). 362
Wpływ Października
'56
na politykę wyznaniową
. 377
7.
Ruch „społecznie postępowy" katolików w latach
1953-1956. 390
Reakcja ruchu „społecznie postępowego" katolików na aresztowanie prymasa
Stefana Wyszyńskiego i deklarację Episkopatu z
28
września
1953
r
. 390
Komisja Duchownych i Świeckich Działaczy Katolickich przy Ogólnopolskim
Komitecie Frontu Narodowego
. 396
Utworzenie Komisji
. 396
Program Komisji
. 403
Formy i obszary aktywności Komisji
. 408
Antagonizmy pomiędzy Komisją Księży a Stowarzyszeniem
PAX
po utworzeniu
Komisji Duchownych i Świeckich Działaczy Katolickich
. 419
Likwidacja Komisji Księży
. 422
Pogłębienie kryzysu w ruchu „społecznie postępowym" po likwidacji
Komisji Księży
. 427
Ruch „społecznie postępowy" katolików w apogeum odwilży
(luty-październik
1956
r.)
. 435
Zakończenie
. 450
Summary
. 461
Wykaz skrótów
. 466
7
Wykaz tabel i wykresów
. 469
Bibliografia
. 471
Indeks osób
. 482
Indeks geograficzny
. 494
SUMMARY
The book aims at presenting one of the most interesting phases of the policy of the communist
government towards the Roman Catholic Church in Poland; it covers the period commencing
with detention of the Polish Primate, Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski, through the years spent by him
in confinement and up to his release date, i.e. the years from 25th/26th September,
1953,
to 28th
October,
1956.
The long-term process of making the hierarchic structures of the Catholic Church
subordinated to the Communist party and government, inspired by Moscow, reached its climax
in the years
1953-1956,
i.e. in the period of the internment of the Polish Primate. That was when
the state interference in the autonomy of the Church was the greatest. The isolation of the Hierarch
himself and of many other priests, including several bishops considered to be the most danger¬
ous from the point of view of the Secret Police, offered a chance to have the Church effectively
incapacitated (but not destroyed) in several years' time, and to use its potential for strengthening
the existing regime. Neither earlier nor later in its history did the Polish people's government
happen to have such opportune political circumstances. The research was aimed at reviewing
the government policy towards the Church in the years
1953-1956,
as well as its determinants,
the methods used by the central authorities wishing to turn the period of the forcible isolation
of Cardinal Wyszynski to their advantage in order to achieve their political objectives, and the ex¬
tent to which they succeeded in doing so.
A dual perspective has been applied to the organizational structure of the treatise: there are chap¬
ters in which the material is presented in a chronological order, or by subject. Such a perspective
enabled presentation of the dynamics of the occurrences described in this publication, which is im¬
portant insomuch that the period in question, although relatively short (covering slightly over three
years) was one in which changes of key importance to both the Church and the State took place.
The first two chapters provide the required background. Chapter One attempts to synthe¬
size our knowledge of the organizational structure, the operational scope, and the staff in control
of the formal and informal structures within the government machinery and within the public ad¬
ministration bodies, responsible for shaping and implementing the government policy in the scope
of religious denominations in Poland. Chapter Two outlines the government policy towards
the Church in Poland in the years
1944-1953.
Chapter Three deals with the policy of public authorities towards the Church in the period
following the detention of the Primate of Poland (25th/26th September,
1953)
up to the oath
of fidelity to the Polish People's Republic taken by the Episcopate (17th December,
1953)
which,
in a way, closed the period of the most important declarations of loyalty forced upon the clergy
by the State, and which symbolized the meaningful extent to which the then Church became
the holder of political rights. It is only the last two subchapters, focused on the amendments
to the Decree on the Senior Appointments in the Church of 9th February,
1953,
as well as on its
implementation and on the overall activity of the Office for Denominational Affairs after the de¬
tention of Cardinal Wyszynski, that deal with a broader period of time than that. The Communist
party and government machinery, having suppressed the effective opposition in the Church with
repressions, started its work on the successive bodies and agencies of the Church to get them un-
461
der
control
in
accordance with the binding law. That policy was expected to gradually bring under
state control the most important offices in the hierarchic structure of the Church (mainly those
including the curiae and the institution of novitiate) by getting the ball into the hands of the clergy
members subordinated to the regime and, in most cases, representing the so-called socially pro¬
gressive Catholic movement.
What were the most significant formal manifestations of having the Church subordinated
to the State in the first months following the detention of Cardinal Wyszynski was the imposed
candidature of Bishop
Michał Klepacz
for election to the office of Chairman of the Conference
of the Episcopate of Poland, as well as a formal declaration forced upon the Episcopate in which
it repudiated Bishop
Czesław Kaczmarek
and Primate Stefan Wyszynski ordered to forcible iso¬
lation, which was soon followed by an oath of fidelity to the Polish People's Republic taken by
Diocesan Bishops, Vicars Capitular and Suffragan Bishops from all the dioceses in the presence
of Vicars General, and by personal changes among the clergy effected by hierarchs in compliance
with the Communist party dictates.
As a matter of fact, it was not only in the last quarter of the
1953
year, but later on as well,
that the Episcopate had to choose between having autonomous structures of the Church liquidated
and the Church itself subordinated to the Communist party and government, and retaining mar¬
ginal independence at the expense of desperate concessions undermining the autonomy of that
institution. What was at stake was the ability of the Church to survive. In the years
1953-1956
the Episcopate opted for that later solution which gave impression of the Church (or of a certain
part of it) being at the mercy of the Communist regime, and which, to a certain extent, sanctioned
the policy of that regime. It seemed the more so because periodically (in particular, in the years
1953-1954)
the opposition of the clergy against the government policy was rather insignificant.
That was when the secular authorities used the Church (now and then successfully) as a person
with a legal identity (reduced to a figure-head status, in fact) to justify its operations including those
causing exposure to the Church itself. Such a strategy enabled them not only to implement certain
assumptions of their denominational policy relatively smoothly, but also made easier their attempts
to give the Church an unfavourable image and to cause a split in the Polish Church by provoking
misunderstandings among the believers and by destroying their unity with the Church hierarchy.
The main subjects of Chapter Four are the
1954
relocations of bishops and of the monas¬
tic clergy (the greatest repressions perpetrated against the clergy during the forcible isolation
of the Hierarch). Monastic structures constituting cohesive and hermetic wholes free, to a sig¬
nificant degree, from formal pressure exerted by the secular authorities, were a grave obstacle
to the plans of bringing the Church under the State's control. Because of this in July and August
1954
a number of convents were closed, and the nuns and monks were either relocated or interned
(this concerns mostly the Silesian orders of nuns) and then subjected to further annoyances and
political indoctrination, which action was followed in August by closing down boarding schools
run by religious congregations. Those operations triggered a process aimed at full isolation of re¬
ligious congregations preventing their impact upon the religious and social life in the country.
The plan of total isolation of religious orders was thwarted by the weakening of the internal secu¬
rity structures, and by the "thawing" processes. It was in
1954
that the secular authorities could,
for the last time during Cardinal Wyszynski's internment, implement their far-flung (involving
the whole of Poland) repressive measures against the Church.
What was crucial to the denominational policy of the State implemented in the years
1953—
-1956
was the administratively enforced secularization consisting mainly in gradual remov¬
ing the Church from the public life and replacing it with pseudo-religion of a secular society.
That could be felt most clearly in the sector of education. Chapter Five deals with seculariza¬
tion in the Polish educational system. It describes the changes that occurred within the primary
and secondary school networks in the school year
1954-1955,
the restrictions related to teaching
religion in primary and upper secondary general schools, the restraints imposed on Catholic edu-
462
cational
institutions ofall the organizational levels, the attempts at doing away with the Christian
observance of the forty-day period of penitence and retreat (the Lent), the State's taking over
the boarding schools and dormitories run by denominational institutions, and, last but not least,
the circumstances in which the Warsaw Theological Academy was called into being. As a matter
of fact, doing away with religion in vocational schools and also in certain upper secondary gen¬
eral schools generated (after the year
1954)
a wave of discontent at the grassroots level to which
the authorities had to pay due regard.
Chapter Six is focused on describing the way in which the process of the relative liberalization
of the political and social life in the country (the so-called thaw
-
'odwilż')
influenced the poli¬
cy of the Polish People's Republic respecting religious denominations in the years
1954-1956.
The author discusses the operational crisis in the internal security department and attempts made
to overcome it, as well as the anti-monastic feeling provoked by the initiatives of various secular
bodies, the amnesty granted to the clergy, the counteractions taken to prevent the observations
of the Marian Feasts in the Roman Catholic Church, and, last but not least, the impact of the Oc¬
tober
1956
events on the denominational policy of the government.
The chain reaction of repressions triggered, in particular, in the years
1947-1953,
proved ef¬
fective; insomuch that the of anti-state activity of the clergy in the years
1954-1956
was limited
in its scope and degree and, thus, comparatively safe for the regime. What was typical of the
1955-
-1956
years was, paradoxically, a less repressive character of the State's denominational policy,
and, in particular, decrease in the activity of the main bodies of central administration responsible
for effecting those policies, which was mostly predetermined by the "thawing" processes and
by the erosion of the government structures, and, on the other hand, by the secular authorities'
aspirations to find a way out
ofthat
situation, which mostly consisted in their attempts to initi¬
ate a new anti-Church offensive. That was important from the standpoint of the then authorities
insomuch as the Church used the crisis in the government structures to restore and strengthen its
own position. The years
1955-1956
meant favourable changes in the political circumstances for
the Church, enabling it not only to strive for revision or event liberalization of the State's denomi¬
national policy, but also to gradually escape from the pressures exerted by the public administra¬
tion, and to commence its fight for souls.
What was the first step in that direction was an increase in the grassroots activity of the clergy
(at first: holders of subordinated offices in the diocesan hierarchy, and monastic clergy), including
their actions against removal of priests from Church offices, which was essential to the long-term
interests of the secular authorities. Resistance
-
as reported by the Secret Police units
-
was put up
in nearly all the cases in which public administration bodies attempted to impose their candidates
to fill Church vacancies. Moreover, priests were initiators of petitions, delegations and demon¬
strations requesting that religion should be brought back to schools, that new parishes should be
established, and that the "socially progressive" Catholic movement should be restricted; addition¬
ally, they acted as animators initiating activities targeted, in particular, to secondary school and
university students, expected to revive the religious life in Poland.
Public authorities endeavoured to oppose that offensive on the part of the Church. About
September,
1955,
an attempt was made to get out of the impasse. With the decrease in the activ¬
ity of the denominational section, the government resorted to a forward escape. That manifested
itself in a number of ways including a plan to liquidate religious congregations, finally replaced
with a project intended to impose broad restrictions upon their religious and social activity, or an
attempt to intensify the operational activity of No.
6
Department of the Committee for Public
Security Affairs focused on a thorough background investigation of the clergy manifesting oppo-
sitional attitudes towards the regime. Similar anti-Church activities were also launched by the Of¬
fice for Denominational Affairs as an institution cooperating with the internal security depart¬
ment. The above measures were applied in parallel to other forms of prevention practiced in those
days, such as formal cautioning of priests manifesting hostile attitudes towards the regime, ad-
463
monitions administered by people's councils, attempts at removing certain priests from Church
offices, or transferring them to other places of living including other parishes etc. Moreover, there
were meetings with individual bishops, and information was obtained from the respective curiae
which was then used in the course of more or less formal meetings with priests, or sent to the Pro¬
vincial Committees of the Polish United Workers' Party or to the Presidium of the Provincial
People's Council. A network of Secret Police agents and informants was developed, including
those of the clergy who were not spied upon. Despite certain symptoms of operational improve¬
ment in the denominational section of the internal security system, no fully effective counteraction
against the Church had been carried out till October,
1956.
It should be believed that, after all,
the Party leaders did make efforts to curb the broad repressive initiatives of the Committee for
Public Security Affairs in those days. That way they gave impression of normalization of the tense
relations with the Church. In fact, what was behind those initiatives was the unchanged desire
to make the Church institution subordinated to the State. It should be emphasized that the "thaw¬
ing" processes, however numerous spheres of the social and political life in the country they
encompassed, did not put decisive end to the fight against the Church.
What proved to be a turning point in the history of the then Church in Poland were the trans¬
formations known as the Polish October,
1956.
The authorities, convinced that Primate Wyszyn-
ski would support Gomulka's team, decided to release the Hierarch, which meant a shift in the de¬
nominational policy of the State. On their part, it was only a pragmatic political gesture and
tactical concession. The relative normalization of the State-Church relations in October,
1956,
was a political maneuver underpinned by a real, hostile, attitude of the State towards the Church
and religion. That controlled shift was intended to avert the risk of escalation of the mass protests
which might have caused the Ship of State with the
Gomułka
team at the helm to lose its steer-
ability, and to boost the process of decomposition of the government structures.
Chapter Seven sheds some more light on the relatively unknown (in the years
1953-1956)
his¬
tory of the so-called "socially progressive" movement of Catholics servile towards the Communist
authorities through which the government expected to implement its policy towards the Church.
Communists knew that Catholics in Poland were not a minority which could easily be threatened
into submission, but a majority of the nation. Taking mil control of the Church was a multi-step
process spread over several years, and it could not have been effected through personal replace¬
ments enforced under the Decree of February,
1953.
The people's regime leaders in Poland used,
among others, organizations of "progressive" Catholics acting in compliance with directives is¬
sued by the secular authorities. In the years
1953-1956
those were represented by: the PAX As¬
sociation, the Catholic Intellectuals and Activists Commission at the Polish Committee of the De¬
fenders of Peace, the Catholic Clubs at the Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy, and
the Commissions of Church and Lay Catholic Activists at the All-Poland Committee of the Na¬
tional Front. They were expected to facilitate the implementation of the denominational policy
in Poland, which mostly consisted in strengthening the Communist ideology in the Catholic en¬
vironment. Their members, including both Catholic priests and laymen, were to give impression
that the Church could be a partner of the Communist state, and not its enemy. What was still more
important for the secular authorities was that the state-controlled replacements, in particular those
carried out in curiae, made it possible for the members of the above state-affiliated organiza¬
tions to get promoted to various prominent offices in the Church hierarchy which, in turn, acted
as a guarantee for the State that its directives within the scope of its denominational policy would
be enforced. All those operations, spread over a number of years, might have resulted in repeating
the Czechoslovakian model in Poland, i.e. in the State gaining total control of the Church.
In the years
1953-1956
the regime also used the so-called progressive members of the clergy
as figure heads in effecting a number of measures aimed against the Church. For example, it
was their task to exert ideological influence upon the other priests, they would replace the local
priests relocated from the
Opole
Region in July,
1954,
assist the public administration in operat-
464
ing the campaign of smooth relocations of religious orders from the
Katowickie, Opolskie
and
Wrocławskie
Provinces (August,
1954);
later on, they played a meaningful role in regulating
the lives of the interned nuns, and assisted the secular authorities in the propaganda campaign
against the Holy See launched in reply to its endeavours to send a memorandum of protest to
"An¬
nuario
Pontifício"
in
1955.
A significant role in the long-term process of having the "hostile"
members of the clergy exchanged to those "positive" was to be played by the Warsaw Theological
Academy in which new, "socially progressive" priests were educated.
Despite certain successes within the scope of the state denominational policy (in particular,
in the years
1953-1954),
that unique in the history of the Polish People's Republic opportunity
to force the Church into total submission to the secular State was wasted. Not only did the Com¬
munist regime need more time for it, but it also proved to be lacking in terms of the adequate
potential and funds. The denominational policy followed during the forcible isolation of Cardinal
Wys2ynski mostly resulted in political frictions in the relations between the State and the citi¬
zens which manifested itself later on: the weaker the secret police system got the more clearly
that could be felt. All in all, in the years
1953-1956
the religious attitudes in Poland were not
clearly restrained; on the contrary: they seemed to have grown stronger. That was symbolized
in a number of ways including the celebrations accompanying the renewal of the vow taken by
Johannes II
Casimir,
the King of Poland, in Lvov (entrusting the country to the maternal protec¬
tion of the Mother of God, in
1655)
at the
Jasna Góra
Monastery on 26th August,
1956,
which
attracted hundreds of thousands of believers. It was also the clergy that got activated and started
to gain ground, step by step, fighting for souls and launching their offensive. The Church took
advantage of the increase in general religiousness to strengthen its position, and, in time, it started
to use it against the regime. It was Primate Wyszynski who, kept in confinement, did not yield
to the Communist system or lose heart, what became a pattern to imitate both for the clergy who
escaped imprisonment, and for laymen. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Noszczak, Bartłomiej 1976- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1168272823 |
| author_facet | Noszczak, Bartłomiej 1976- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Noszczak, Bartłomiej 1976- |
| author_variant | b n bn |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035424321 |
| callnumber-first | B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion |
| callnumber-label | BX1566 |
| callnumber-raw | BX1566.2 |
| callnumber-search | BX1566.2 |
| callnumber-sort | BX 41566.2 |
| callnumber-subject | BX - Christian Denominations |
| classification_rvk | NQ 8280 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)319164041 (DE-599)BVBBV035424321 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1953-1956 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1953-1956 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Polen |
| geographic_facet | Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV035424321 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T05:15:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788376290102 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017344802 |
| oclc_num | 319164041 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-739 DE-M352 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-739 DE-M352 |
| physical | 498 Seiten graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Inst. Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu |
| spelling | Noszczak, Bartłomiej 1976- Verfasser (DE-588)1168272823 aut Polityka państwa wobec Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce w okresie internowania prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 1953 - 1956 Bartłomiej Noszczak Warszawa Inst. Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu 2008 498 Seiten graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu 46 Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Wyszyński, Stefan <1901-1981> Wyszyński, Stefan 1901-1981 (DE-588)118635786 gnd rswk-swf Katholische Kirche Catholic Church Poland History 20th century Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1953-1956 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Church and state Poland History 20th century Internierung (DE-588)4130608-9 gnd rswk-swf Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd rswk-swf Polen Wyszyński, Stefan 1901-1981 (DE-588)118635786 p Internierung (DE-588)4130608-9 s Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 b Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 s Geschichte 1953-1956 z DE-604 Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu Monografie 46 (DE-604)BV017143574 46 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017344802&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017344802&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Noszczak, Bartłomiej 1976- Polityka państwa wobec Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce w okresie internowania prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 1953 - 1956 Wyszyński, Stefan <1901-1981> Wyszyński, Stefan 1901-1981 (DE-588)118635786 gnd Katholische Kirche Catholic Church Poland History 20th century Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 gnd Geschichte Church and state Poland History 20th century Internierung (DE-588)4130608-9 gnd Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118635786 (DE-588)2009545-4 (DE-588)4130608-9 (DE-588)4046565-2 |
| title | Polityka państwa wobec Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce w okresie internowania prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 1953 - 1956 |
| title_auth | Polityka państwa wobec Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce w okresie internowania prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 1953 - 1956 |
| title_exact_search | Polityka państwa wobec Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce w okresie internowania prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 1953 - 1956 |
| title_full | Polityka państwa wobec Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce w okresie internowania prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 1953 - 1956 Bartłomiej Noszczak |
| title_fullStr | Polityka państwa wobec Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce w okresie internowania prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 1953 - 1956 Bartłomiej Noszczak |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polityka państwa wobec Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce w okresie internowania prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego 1953 - 1956 Bartłomiej Noszczak |
| title_short | Polityka państwa wobec Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce w okresie internowania prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego |
| title_sort | polityka panstwa wobec kosciola rzymskokatolickiego w polsce w okresie internowania prymasa stefana wyszynskiego 1953 1956 |
| title_sub | 1953 - 1956 |
| topic | Wyszyński, Stefan <1901-1981> Wyszyński, Stefan 1901-1981 (DE-588)118635786 gnd Katholische Kirche Catholic Church Poland History 20th century Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 gnd Geschichte Church and state Poland History 20th century Internierung (DE-588)4130608-9 gnd Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wyszyński, Stefan <1901-1981> Wyszyński, Stefan 1901-1981 Katholische Kirche Catholic Church Poland History 20th century Geschichte Church and state Poland History 20th century Internierung Politische Verfolgung Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017344802&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017344802&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV017143574 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT noszczakbartłomiej politykapanstwawobeckosciołarzymskokatolickiegowpolscewokresieinternowaniaprymasastefanawyszynskiego19531956 |