The book of beliefs and opinions: Transl. from the Arabic and the Hebrew
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New Haven [u.a.]
Yale Univ. Press
1976
|
| Ausgabe: | 12. print |
| Schriftenreihe: | Yale Iudaica series
1 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXII, 498 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780300044904 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The book of beliefs and opinions |b Transl. from the Arabic and the Hebrew |c transl. by Samuel Rosenblatt |
| 250 | |a 12. print | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New Haven [u.a.] |b Yale Univ. Press |c 1976 | |
| 300 | |a XXXII, 498 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Yale Iudaica series |v 1 | |
| 655 | 7 | |8 1\p |0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |a Hochschulschrift |2 gnd-content | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138844941975554 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Prefatory·
Note
v
Preface of the Translator
tu
System of Transliterations
xi
Contents
xiii
Introduction
xxiii
Saadia Ben Joseph
The Book of Beliefs and Opinions
Other Writings of Saadia Gaon
Saadia Literature in the English Language
The Translation
Introductory Treatise
3
I. Praise of God who endowed mankind with the ability to recog¬
nize the truth
3
II. The causes of doubts arising in the minds of men in their quest
of the truth, namely, insufficient acquaintance with the art of rea¬
soning or failure to carry the process to its completion. The uncer¬
tainties resulting from these two causes in regard to the Jewish
religion in his generation prompted the author to compose this
book, which he urges its readers to study carefully and without bias
3
HI. The complaint against the Creator for leaving his creatures in
uncertainty regarding the truth is not justified. By very virtue of
being created things they require time to complete a given ask.
To insist on recognizing the truth instantaneously is tantamount
to demanding equality with the Creator
9
IV. The meaning of belief. True and false beliefs. Mere opinion
cannot turn truth into falsehood, or falsehood into truth
14
V. The three natural sources of human knowledge, namely, sensa¬
tion, intuition, and logical inference, and the method
oř
their em¬
ployment. Authentic tradition as a fourth source vouchsafed to
Israel
16
Vi.
Refutation of the view that speculation necessarily leads to
heresy and is consequently forbidden. It is only man s exclusive
dependence on his own reason that is considered reprehensible
because of the possibility of his remaining without religious guid¬
ance. On the other hand to corroborate revelation by means of rea¬
son and thus to refute unbelievers is not only commendable but
xiv
THE BOOK OF BELIEFS AND OPINIONS
actually mandatory. The miracle of the manna as the roost extraor¬
dinary of alt marvels
аб
VII.
Eight
caus«
of heresy
33
VIII.
The theme of the book and the ten treatises into which it is
divided
36
TkiATKB I. (Concerning [the belief] that
ali
existing things have
been created.)
38
Exordium: The origin of the world, being something unperceived
by human eyes, can be ascertained only by means of logical infer¬
ence. The absence, therefore, of a visible example of crcetio ex nihilo
constitutes no argument against the validity of this theory. The
proofs supporting
к
are in feet stronger than those that would re¬
fute it. It is furthermore confirmed by the miracles wrought by the
prophet*
38
L
Four proofs demonstrating the creation of the world out of noth¬
ing, namely, ia finitude, its composite nature, the inherence in it of
accidents, and its existence in time
40
И.
Three reasons why a thing cannot make itself and way the
world must have been created by something extraneous to itself.
Four proofs demonstrating that its Creator must have made it out
of nothing
φ
HI. Twdve divergent views of how the oniverse
carne iato
being
and tbeir refutation
50
W. AQswera to diverse objection* to the doctrine of
crsaáa
ex ni-
«e-Tbreemotiwa m »he part of the Creator in creating the worM
%
Тмотй» И.
(Concerning
f
the belief} that die Creator «f a« dungs,
blessed and exalted be He, is one.)
87
acordiuffiî
Sk prdimínary
observadora
in referea«
to
Ље
subject
or ft» treatise.Two reasons for the
autboťs
expatiation thereoa
87
1.
1Ы
unity, life, power, knowledge, and
ш»1ікеае»
of God as
F*b»*d;5a Scripture. Three logical proofs of
Goď«
unity
9«
iŁRefcttoon
of the
argumenti
of the
duálisa
against the unity of
J*
to God of the three attribute* of
Ше,
power,
«ná
«îh
ь.
іГ
-i.
*?*
^
»aJtìpiidty
ia
His essence. They wo-
ttjtute
absolute
unity
,OI
üf ÜïÜÜÜ11^
tMţ*M*
Coítect
Ьйвргешіог
of
«mía
verses
»су
ate in support of
Лиг
ww
Proverbs
8: »
sad Gene» r. aS. The
CONTENTS xv
VII.
Four different versions of the doctrine of the Trinity and their
refutation
109
VIII.
How God is the most effective power, despite His being the
least perceptible. All anthropomorphic epithets, be they of a sub¬
stantial or an accidental character, that are attributed to God in the
Bible, are applied only by way of approximation or as figures of
speech no
IX. The inapplicability to God of the categories of substance and
quantity
112
X. Figures of speech in the usage of Scripture
116
XI. The inapplicability to God of die categories of quality, relation,
place, time, possession and position
122
XII.
The inapplicability to God of the categories of action and pas¬
sion. The divine glory that was seen by Moses
127
XIII.
God s existence cannot be grasped by the senses. Since space
and time do not apply to Him, He is omnipresent and omniscient,
knowing what was and what will be, as well as what is. The knowl¬
edge of these truths concerning God nils the soul of man with ec¬
static joy and a longing for Him
131
Тжелтхѕе
III. (Concerning command and prohibition).
137
Exordium: God s first act of kindness toward His creatures was in
bringing them into existence. This was complemented by affording
through the commandments and prohibitions of the Torah the
means of attaining perfect bliss. The reason why they were not per¬
mitted to achieve this happiness without the Torah
137
I. Reason demands that God provide His creatures with a law and
commandments
13З
II. The reasons for the rational precepts of the Torah and some of
the motives behind the revealed laws
141
HI. The indispensabtlhy of prophetic revelation not only for the
promulgation of the revealed laws but also for that of the details of
the rational precepts
145
IV. The authentication of the prophets by their performance of
miracles. Such miracles are never performed without advance no¬
tice. Why God did not employ only angels as His messengers to
mankind. Why die prophets were not differentiated from other
human beings in their material
fortunes but
were subjected like
them to all the evils of the world. Why the spirit of prophecy does
not rest or the prophet continually
147
V. How the prophets could tell that God had spoken to them. The
cunning of the magicians of Egypt and the difference between thdr
tricks and die
miraci«
of Moses. Why Jonah fled from his prophetic
mission
151
xvi
THE BOOK OF BELIEFS AND OPINIONS
VI. The importance of traditions concerning the past in planning
the future. Authentic traditions are considered by most men as trust¬
worthy as their personal observations
154
VH. The Torah brought by Moses to Israel is not subject to abroga¬
tion or change. Refutation of arguments for its abrogabilky
157
VIII.
Faith in the authenticity of the prophetic mission of Moses is
based not only on the miracles he performed but on the reasonable¬
ness of the course of conduct which he exhorted Israel to follow.
The correct interpretation of Deuteronomy
33:2,
Obadiah
1:1,
and Jeremiah
31:31 iß3
IX. Resolution of ten apparent contradictions presented by Scrip¬
ture against the doctrine of the immutability of the Torah by Moses.
The actual significance of the term Otam. The immutability of the
Torah imposes upon us the obligation of its fulfillment
167
X. Demolition of twelve arguments against the trustworthiness of
the Bible j_,
T*iaws*!V:
(Concerning obedience and rebellion and
prédestination
and divine justice). ,go
ExordiW: Man is the goal of creation, the most important of ail of
God
s
cr atures
г ^
I. Proof from Scripture to the effect that man is superior to all other
creatures, being endowed with the capacity for good as we« as evil.
2Г
^Zmy M Wdkated
^1*«*«
by the gift of intelligence
ÎZZÎZr**
t0
Ыт
for
Ле
woí
яи
Ѕл
і8і
t
îf
*ÍAsöndNr
*е
diminutive size and frailty of man s body
m£<
г,Ы°*п
Τ®1«1
ot
°°*
««tores/The brevity of
man
s
earthly Me and all the weaknesses to which he is subject on
«rth are really for his benefit J
,83
AróoľLVľtíCe
dcmands
Лй
man
P« b«*»
«*
¿«oké.
Acto«,
that doe, not stem from freedom of choke has no moral
oLrtÜf
ïü?*
nO ^ P 1 01» whatever on man in the direction
ÎnsÎh*
и
°!
disobÄn«·
Th«
fact is attested to by the
ef in matfs freedom of choke
188
rUeS
со™шпа«*па «в
*e virtuous, who apparently
*
^
Ь
will,
A-a
^ »» »»n »«ion
19г
dfîerent type,
of Bibikal
рш^
whkh
»ееш
to imply
CONTENTS xvii
divine interference in the free exercise of the human wilt and how
they are really to be understood. The correct interpretation of Psalms
51:6 196
Treatise V. (Concerning merits and demerits.)
205
I. Man s soul is affected by his actions. Although these effects may
not be perceptible by man, they are known to God. God keeps a
record of man s merits and demerits. Although the bulk of man s
retribution for his conduct on earth is reserved for the hereafter,
some of it is carried out here in order to serve as a sign of what is to
be
205
II. The ten, or
radier,
eleven, categories into which men are divided
widi respect to their virtues and vices.
(1)
The righteous, whose vir¬
tues predominate, might be punished for their vices in this world.
Likewise
(2)
the wicked, whose evil deeds exceed their good deeds,
might be rewarded for the latter in the here. This bears out a dic¬
tum of the sages. Other circumstances accounting for the suffer¬
ing of the righteous and the prosperity of the wicked. How one evil
deed may cancel many good deeds
209
III. The sufferings of the righteous in this world as a form of trial
with a view of future compensation. Six possible reasons for the
prosperity on earth of the wicked. Meaning of the
question
of the
prophet Jeremiah
12:1
and of Ecdesiastes
9;18 213
IV. Description of the categories of
{3)
the obedient and
(4)
the dis¬
obedient,
{5)
the perfect and
(6)
die imperfect,
(7)
the ordinary
sinner,
(8)
the corrupt and
(9)
the renegade
217
V. The category of
(10)
the penitent The four conditions of peni¬
tence, namely the renunciation of sin, remorse, the quest of forgive¬
ness and the resolve not to relapse into sin. Alt this is implied in
Hosca
14:2-5.
Repentance is not invalidated by a relapse into sin
provided the resolve not to relapse was sincere. The meaning of
Amos
2:6 220
VI. Seven possible impediments preventing the acceptance of
prayer. Three types of sin that do not admit of repentance. Five
classes of sin for which punishment in this world is unavoidable.
Three kinds of good deeds that are requited in this world, however
sinful the doer. Five degrees of penitence
223
VIL
The
(11)
middling person. The merit of a good deed in rela¬
tion to the circumstances of die doer
328
VIII.
Sinful thoughts. When intention is a$ punishable as overt ac¬
tion. Fostering heresy by improper allegorical interpretation of
verses of Scripture. Unjust verdicts. Ignorance of the law. Negli¬
gence of duty on the part of the poor. Complaints of the sick.
Crima
committed in
а
state of drunkenness. Non-compliance
wid)
the law
xviii
THE BOOK OF BELIEFS AND OPINIONS
on the part of Jews persecuted by gentiles. Habitual backsliders. The
atoning effect of the Day of Atonement
Corrupter«
of the masses.
Those who lead others to virtue
331
Tbeatise VI. (Concerning the essence of the soul and death and what
comes after death.)
2м
I. The soul s origin in the human heart at the time of the comple¬
tion of the formation of the human body. Reunion of souls and
bodies after the fulfillment of the number of souls whose creation
has been decreed by God. Six unacceptable theories concerning the
nature of the soul and their refutation
235
II. The real meaning of Ecclesiastes
3:21
239
III. The correct view of the nature of the sou!. The purity of it* sub-
*u4tla
J ·»»0·**·
The ««»I does not acquire its knowledge from
ÏÜi
™? !t Pffoims itt functions only when united with the
body. F.ve names by which the soul is referred in Scripture. Its seat
m
the heart r
,
IV Why God joined the noble soul with the lowly body
345
Mh
ы
Τ
З ?
mt
tó
Ш* Ш **>1
togrtber. Neither an
Љ
ft
Ыате
for misdeed« on the «her «o
S^JľŤ
*
^**™
°ί
body and soul on earth decreed by
God Under what
ешкийош
this time-limit is extended or
árnál
ŕľn
W* *Ȉ iu
refutation
S
UKT *4
**
resurrection «f
»he dead in this world.)
264
»on in this world P^
ïïSE
t
ЗЕЇ
1Аг
criminatdy can
Ł
**
aIle8ori«1 ««bod
employed
indis.
L^Í rf
К«ЬІ
«a*m«m
that «em
»
opp«
I. The
____
portion* of die
«»»wot there^T
Г *3 « У
«*
ѕајш
of
тиггеЅоп
»no
»77
CONTENTS xix
VIII.
The resurrection at die time o£ the redemption will embrace
practically die entire Jewish nation as compensation for Israel s trials.
There will be room enough on earth to contain all die resurrected
283
IX. Further questions pertaining to die resurrected, their family
relationships, their physical health, their ability to sin and dieir life
span
386
Treatise
VIII.
{Concerning die redemption.)
290
I. Numerous promises of Israel s redemption in the Bible and die
reasons why we must believe in their fulfillment
290
II. The reason for die long duration of die exile is not God s un-
awareness of Israel s hardships nor His inability to help nor His
rejection of Israel. The duration of die exile is to be determined by
either one of
diese
two factors, namely, by Israel s repentance or by
me end foreordained by God. At die conclusion of whichever is die
shorter period the redemption will take place
293
III. Meaning of die term end mentioned in die book of Daniel.
Reconciliation of die three dates recorded
diere
295
IV. Ambiguities in die date of die deliverance of die Israelite» from
Egypt and die duration of die Babylonian exile. Variation in die
figures pertaining to die final redemption should, therefore, not be
disturbing
299
V. In die event that die foreordained term of die exile is completed
and Israel has not repented, God will send die Messiah descended
from Joseph who will
kad
the Israelites in war against die nations
and be slain, whereupon great misfortune will come upon die Jewish
nation. The faithless among them will thereby be weeded out and
die Messiah descended from David will redeem those
dut wilt
be
left
301
VI. Should Israel, on die odier hand, have repented before die ful¬
fillment of die foreordained term of die exiie, die Messiah descended
from David might come suddenly, unheralded by die Messiah de¬
scended from Joseph. That will be a period of glory and light for
Israel and one of consternation for its enemies. The Temple will be
rebuilt in
ali
its splendor. All this is attested by Scripture
304
VII.
None of
diese
prophecies were fulfilled, as the Christians
would have it at die time of die Second
Tempte
of Jerusalem
312
VIII.
Fifteen further arguments in refutation of the allegation of
die Christians
dut
die Messiah had appeared
ία
die days of
tibe
Sec¬
ond Temple
315
IX. The meaning of die expression, seventy weeks in die book of
Danid
319
Tuatisi IX. {Concerning reward and punishment in die world to
come.)
333
xx
THE BOOK OF BELIEFS AND OPINIONS
I. Rational grounds for the impossibility of retribution in this world
and die inevitability of a hereafter in which men wilt be requited for
their conduct on earth
323
II. Six proofs from Scripture for the inadmissibility of retribution in
this world
326
Ш.
Seven further supports from the Bible bearing out this con¬
tention
330
IV. What the sages have to say on the subject. Onkelos* rendering of
Deuteronomy
33:21
and
33:6 333
V. The nature of the reward and the punishment in the hereafter
33*
VI. The locale in which this retribution will take place. Time in the
world to come
341
VII.
The perpetuity of the reward and the punishment in the here-
ate
344
ľfter
Vllf. The requital of one and of many deeds. Differences of grada¬
tion among the righteous and the wicked
К.
Who
к
destined for perpetual torment? Meeting of the right-
eous and the wicked in the world to come
LĽ^VÍ^ ™
ТІСе
deTOi™g
«po«
Ле
righteous in the
hereafter and the reward attaching therlunto
*
347
353
time of the
354
357
357
in d<
tok
Sexual intercourse
VIL uotícism
3ľ«
IX. Children ^ 378
X- Habitation of the world 3f
XI. Longevity
УЗ
X». Dominion
З8?
#7
CONTENTS xxi
XIII.
Satisfaction of the thirst for revenge
390
XIV.
Knowledge
393
XV. Worship
395
XVI.
Rest
397
XVII.
Man s conduct should consist of a blending of all these pur¬
suits in the right proportions. Then will he be happy
399
XVIII.
In the field of sensation, too, proper blending produces the
most pleasing effects
401
XIX.
Ecclesiastes expresses this truth in several passages
404
Appendix. (A variant version of Treatise
VII
concerning the resur¬
rection of the dead.)
409
I. The belief in the resurrection of the dead at the time of Israel s
redemption is entertained by the majority of the Jewish people. God,
who made them this promise, is certainly capable of fulfilling it. It is
no less
impossible
than creatto ex nihilo. It is not contrary to nature
409
II. It is not contrary to reason so as to necessitate an allegorical inter¬
pretation of the passages of Scripture announcing it
414
III. Correct interpretation of Biblical utterances that seem to oppose
the theory of resurrection
417
IV; Explicit references in the Bible to resurrection
420
V. Absurdities to which the indiscriminate employment of the alle¬
gorical method of interpretation can lead
423
VI. Interpretation of Deuteronomy
32:1
ff
427
VII.
Rabbinic pronouncements in support of the doctrine of resur¬
rection
428
VIII.
Answers to ten questions in regard to resurrection
430
IX. Seven benefits resulting from the belief in the resurrection of
the dead
434
Index I, Subjects and Names
437
Index II, Passages Cited
476
Glossary
495
Notes on the Second Printing
49?
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Seʿadyah Gaʾon 882-942 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)118604414 |
| author_facet | Seʿadyah Gaʾon 882-942 |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Seʿadyah Gaʾon 882-942 |
| author_variant | s |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035409863 |
| classification_rvk | BD 1680 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)633579768 (DE-599)BVBBV035409863 |
| discipline | Theologie / Religionswissenschaften |
| edition | 12. print |
| format | Book |
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| genre | 1\p (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV035409863 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:34:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780300044904 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017330390 |
| oclc_num | 633579768 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| physical | XXXII, 498 S. |
| publishDate | 1976 |
| publishDateSearch | 1976 |
| publishDateSort | 1976 |
| publisher | Yale Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Yale Iudaica series |
| series2 | Yale Iudaica series |
| spelling | Seʿadyah Gaʾon 882-942 Verfasser (DE-588)118604414 aut The book of beliefs and opinions Transl. from the Arabic and the Hebrew transl. by Samuel Rosenblatt 12. print New Haven [u.a.] Yale Univ. Press 1976 XXXII, 498 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Yale Iudaica series 1 1\p (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Rosenblatt, Samuel Sonstige oth Yale Iudaica series 1 (DE-604)BV020930435 1 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017330390&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Seʿadyah Gaʾon 882-942 The book of beliefs and opinions Transl. from the Arabic and the Hebrew Yale Iudaica series |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | The book of beliefs and opinions Transl. from the Arabic and the Hebrew |
| title_auth | The book of beliefs and opinions Transl. from the Arabic and the Hebrew |
| title_exact_search | The book of beliefs and opinions Transl. from the Arabic and the Hebrew |
| title_full | The book of beliefs and opinions Transl. from the Arabic and the Hebrew transl. by Samuel Rosenblatt |
| title_fullStr | The book of beliefs and opinions Transl. from the Arabic and the Hebrew transl. by Samuel Rosenblatt |
| title_full_unstemmed | The book of beliefs and opinions Transl. from the Arabic and the Hebrew transl. by Samuel Rosenblatt |
| title_short | The book of beliefs and opinions |
| title_sort | the book of beliefs and opinions transl from the arabic and the hebrew |
| title_sub | Transl. from the Arabic and the Hebrew |
| topic_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017330390&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV020930435 |
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