Transparent conductive zinc oxide: basics and applications in thin film solar cells ; with 50 tables
Gespeichert in:
Weitere Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2008
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Schriftenreihe: | Springer series in materials science
104 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
Beschreibung: | XIII, 443 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 9783540736110 3540736115 |
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Transparent conductive zinc oxide |b basics and applications in thin film solar cells ; with 50 tables |c Klaus Ellmer ... ed. |
264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2008 | |
300 | |a XIII, 443 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 1 | |a Springer series in materials science |v 104 | |
500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
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700 | 1 | |a Ellmer, Klaus |4 edt | |
830 | 0 | |a Springer series in materials science |v 104 |w (DE-604)BV000683335 |9 104 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804138822713212928 |
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adam_text | CONTENTS 1 ZNO AND ITS APPLICATIONS K. ELLMER AND A. KLEIN . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 ZINC OXIDE . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 2 1.4 MATERIAL PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.4.1 GROWTH OF ZNO SINGLE
CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.4.2
DEPOSITION OF ZNO THIN FILMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 9 1.5 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ZNO . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.6 INTRINSIC DEFECTS IN
ZNO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 14 1.6.1 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.6.2 SELF-DIFFUSION IN ZNO . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.7
APPLICATIONS OF ZNO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.7.1 TRANSPARENT ELECTRODES . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.7.2
VARISTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.7.3 PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICES . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.7.5
TRANSPARENT OXIDE THIN FILM TRANSISTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 26 1.7.6 SPINTRONICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 REFERENCES . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 27 2 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES K. ELLMER . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 35 2.1 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ZNO SINGLE CRYSTALS .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.1.1 DOPANTS IN ZNO SINGLE
CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.1.2
ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT IN ZNO SINGLE CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 41 2.2 ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT IN POLYCRYSTALLINE ZNO . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.2.1 ZNO VARISTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.2.2 THIN
ZNO FILMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 56 2.2.3 TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN POLYCRYSTALLINE FILMS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2.2.4 EXPERIMENTAL MOBILITY DATA OF
POLYCRYSTALLINE ZNO . . . . . . . . . 61 2.4 TRANSPARENT FIELD EFFECT
TRANSISTORS WITH ZNO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 X CONTENTS
2.5 SEARCH FOR P-TYPE CONDUCTIVITY IN ZNO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 71 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 3
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ZNO AND RELATED COMPOUNDS C. BUNDESMANN, R.
SCHMIDT-GRUND, AND M. SCHUBERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 3.1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 3.2 BASIC CONCEPTS AND PROPERTIES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 3.2.1
STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 81 3.2.2 VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 3.2.3 INFRARED
MODEL DIELECTRIC FUNCTION: PHONONS AND PLASMONS . . 85 3.2.4
VISIBLE-TO-VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET MODEL DIELECTRIC FUNCTION: BAND-TO-BAND
TRANSITIONS AND THEIR CRITICAL-POINT STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 86 3.2.5 SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 3.3 DIELECTRIC
CONSTANTS AND DIELECTRIC FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90 3.4 PHONONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 3.4.1 UNDOPED ZNO . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 92 3.4.2 DOPED ZNO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 3.4.3 MG X ZN 1 * X O. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 99 3.4.4 PHONON MODE BROADENING PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 100 3.5 PLASMONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 3.6
BELOW-BAND-GAP INDEX OF REFRACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 105 3.6.1 ZNO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 3.6.2 MG X
ZN 1 * X O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 3.7 BAND-TO-BAND TRANSITIONS AND EXCITONIC
PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 3.7.1 ZNO . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 108 3.7.2 MG X ZN 1 * X O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 REFERENCES . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 118 4 SURFACES AND INTERFACES OF
SPUTTER-DEPOSITED ZNO FILMS A. KLEIN AND F. S¨ AUBERLICH . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 4.1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 4.1.1 SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACES .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 4.1.2
ZNO IN THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 127 4.1.3 PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (PES) . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 4.2 SURFACE PROPERTIES OF ZNO . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
4.2.1 CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF ZNO SURFACES . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 131 4.2.2 CHEMICAL SURFACE COMPOSITION OF SPUTTERED ZNO FILMS .
. . . . . 133 4.2.3 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ZNO SURFACES . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 4.3 THE CDS/ZNO INTERFACE . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 4.3.1
BAND ALIGNMENT OF II*VI SEMICONDUCTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 149 4.3.2 SPUTTER DEPOSITION OF ZNO ONTO CDS . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 151 4.3.3 DEPENDENCE ON PREPARATION CONDITION . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 4.3.4 SUMMARY OF CDS/ZNO INTERFACE
PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 4.4 THE CU(IN,GA)SE 2
/ZNO INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 164 CONTENTS XI 4.4.1 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 4.4.2 ELECTRONIC
PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 169 4.5 THE IN 2 S 3 /ZNO INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 4.5.1 CU(IN,GA)SE 2
SOLAR CELLS WITH IN 2 S 3 BUFFER LAYERS . . . . . . . . . . 172 4.5.2
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 173 4.5.3 ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 REFERENCES . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 5 MAGNETRON SPUTTERING OF ZNO FILMS B.
SZYSZKA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 5.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 187 5.2 HISTORY OF ZNO SPUTTERING . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 5.3 MAGNETRON
SPUTTERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 189 5.3.1 GLOW DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 5.3.2 PROCESSES AT THE TARGET
SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 5.3.3
MAGNETRON OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 192 5.3.4 MAGNETRON SPUTTERING OF ZNO . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 5.3.5 CERAMIC TARGET
MAGNETRON SPUTTERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 5.3.6
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPUTTER DEPOSITION OF ZNO . . . . . . . . . . 217
5.4 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 5.4.1 IN-LINE COATING . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 5.4.2
ROTATABLE TARGET MAGNETRON SPUTTERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 225 5.5 EMERGING DEVELOPMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 5.5.1 IONIZED PVD TECHNIQUES .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
5.5.2 HOLLOW CATHODE SPUTTERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 227 5.5.3 MODEL-BASED PROCESS DEVELOPMENT . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 229 6 ZINC OXIDE GROWN BY CVD PROCESS AS TRANSPARENT
CONTACT FOR THIN FILM SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS S. FA¨ Y AND A. SHAH . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 235 6.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 6.1.1
HISTORY OF ZNO GROWTH BY CVD PROCESS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 235 6.1.2 EXTRINSIC DOPING OF CVD ZNO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 236 6.2 DEVELOPMENT OF DOPED CVD ZNO FILMS . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 6.2.1 INFLUENCE OF
DEPOSITION PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
238 6.2.2 GROWTH MECHANISMS FOR CVD ZNO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 241 6.2.3 INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURE . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 6.2.4 INFLUENCE OF PRECURSOR FLUX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 6.2.5
DOPING OF CVD ZNO FILMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 266 6.2.6 THE EFFECT OF GRAIN SIZE ON ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL
PROPERTIES OF CVD ZNO LAYERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 6.2.7
ALTERNATIVE CVD METHODS FOR DEPOSITION OF THIN ZNO FILMS . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 XII
CONTENTS 6.3 CVD ZNO AS TRANSPARENT ELECTRODE FOR THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 280 6.3.1 CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR CVD ZNO LAYERS INCORPORATED
WITHIN THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 280 6.3.2 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 6.4 CONCLUSIONS. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 298 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 7
PULSED LASER DEPOSITION OF ZNO-BASED THIN FILMS M. LORENZ . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 303 7.1 BRIEF HISTORY AND BASICS. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 7.2
FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES AND PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 305 7.3 PLD INSTRUMENTATION AND PARAMETERS FOR ZNO . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 309 7.4 RESULTS ON EPITAXIAL PLD ZNO THIN FILMS . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 7.4.1 STRUCTURE OF NOMINALLY
UNDOPED PLD ZNO THIN FILMS . . . . . . 314 7.4.2 SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF
PLD ZNO THIN FILMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 7.4.3 ELECTRICAL
PROPERTIES OF PLD ZNO THIN FILMS: EFFECT OF BUFFER LAYERS. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 7.4.4
LUMINESCENCE OF PLD ZNO THIN FILMS ON SAPPHIRE . . . . . . . . . 327
7.4.5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DOPED PLD ZNO FILMS AND DOPING EFFECTS. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
331 7.5 DEMONSTRATOR DEVICES WITH PLD ZNO THIN FILMS . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 336 7.5.1 LARGE-AREA ZNO SCINTILLATOR FILMS . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 7.5.2 BRAGG REFLECTOR MIRRORS AND
ZNO QUANTUM WELL STRUCTURES . . 340 7.5.3 SCHOTTKY DIODES TO ZNO THIN
FILMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 7.5.4 PLD OF ZNO
PN-JUNCTIONS, FIRST LEDS, AND OTHER HIGHLIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 7.6 ADVANCED PLD
TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 346 7.6.1 ADVANCES IN PLD OF THIN FILMS . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 7.6.2 HIGH-PRESSURE PLD OF ZNO-BASED
NANOSTRUCTURES. . . . . . . . . . . 348 7.7 SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 349 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 8 TEXTURE
ETCHED ZNO:AL FOR SILICON THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS J. H¨ UPKES, J. M¨
ULLER, AND B. RECH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 359 8.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 8.2 SILICON
THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 361 8.2.1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 8.2.2 AMORPHOUS AND
MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 8.2.3
DESIGN ASPECTS OF SILICON THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS. . . . . . . . . . . . .
365 8.2.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR TCO CONTACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 368 8.2.5 SOLAR MODULE ASPECTS . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 8.2.6 APPROACHES FOR
LIGHT TRAPPING OPTIMIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 8.3
SPUTTER DEPOSITION AND ETCHING OF ZNO:AL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 377 8.3.1 PROPERTIES OF SPUTTER DEPOSITED ZNO:AL . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 CONTENTS XIII 8.3.2 ETCHING BEHAVIOR OF
ZINC OXIDE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
8.3.3 PRACTICAL ASPECTS FOR ETCHING OF SPUTTERED ZNO:AL . . . . . . . .
. . 392 8.4 HIGH EFFICIENCY SILICON THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 393 8.4.1 OPTIMIZATION OF SOLAR CELLS . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 8.4.2 HIGHLY
TRANSPARENT ZNO:AL FRONT CONTACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
8.4.3 APPLICATION OF TEXTURE ETCHED ZNO:AL FILMS IN HIGH EFFICIENCY
SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 8.5
SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 406 9 CHALCOPYRITE SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES R. KLENK . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 9.1 HETEROJUNCTION FORMATION . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 9.1.1
WHY USE AN UNDOPED ZNO LAYER? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 418 9.2 TRANSPARENT FRONT CONTACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 9.2.1 MONOLITHIC INTEGRATION.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
9.2.2 OPTICAL LOSSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 9.3 MANUFACTURING . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 423 9.3.1 CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 425 9.3.2 SPUTTERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 9.4
STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 9.4.1 MODULE DEGRADATION . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
9.5 NONCONVENTIONAL AND NOVEL APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 431 9.5.1 DIRECT ZNO/CHALCOPYRITE JUNCTIONS . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 9.5.2 SUPERSTRATES . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
432 9.5.3 TRANSPARENT BACK CONTACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 432 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
434 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author2 | Ellmer, Klaus |
author2_role | edt |
author2_variant | k e ke |
author_facet | Ellmer, Klaus |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV035396968 |
classification_rvk | UP 3100 UP 7570 ZP 3730 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)633440487 (DE-599)BVBBV035396968 |
dewey-full | 546.66153 621.31244 |
dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
dewey-ones | 546 - Inorganic chemistry 621 - Applied physics |
dewey-raw | 546.66153 621.31244 |
dewey-search | 546.66153 621.31244 |
dewey-sort | 3546.66153 |
dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Physik Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik Energietechnik |
format | Book |
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genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
id | DE-604.BV035396968 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:34:18Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9783540736110 3540736115 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017317679 |
oclc_num | 633440487 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-703 DE-29T DE-1043 DE-11 DE-92 |
owner_facet | DE-703 DE-29T DE-1043 DE-11 DE-92 |
physical | XIII, 443 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
publishDate | 2008 |
publishDateSearch | 2008 |
publishDateSort | 2008 |
publisher | Springer |
record_format | marc |
series | Springer series in materials science |
series2 | Springer series in materials science |
spelling | Transparent conductive zinc oxide basics and applications in thin film solar cells ; with 50 tables Klaus Ellmer ... ed. Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2008 XIII, 443 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer series in materials science 104 Literaturangaben Dünne Schicht (DE-588)4136925-7 gnd rswk-swf Elektronische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4235053-0 gnd rswk-swf Zinkoxid (DE-588)4190864-8 gnd rswk-swf Dünnschichtsolarzelle (DE-588)4150833-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Zinkoxid (DE-588)4190864-8 s Dünne Schicht (DE-588)4136925-7 s Elektronische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4235053-0 s DE-604 Dünnschichtsolarzelle (DE-588)4150833-6 s Ellmer, Klaus edt Springer series in materials science 104 (DE-604)BV000683335 104 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017317679&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Transparent conductive zinc oxide basics and applications in thin film solar cells ; with 50 tables Springer series in materials science Dünne Schicht (DE-588)4136925-7 gnd Elektronische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4235053-0 gnd Zinkoxid (DE-588)4190864-8 gnd Dünnschichtsolarzelle (DE-588)4150833-6 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4136925-7 (DE-588)4235053-0 (DE-588)4190864-8 (DE-588)4150833-6 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
title | Transparent conductive zinc oxide basics and applications in thin film solar cells ; with 50 tables |
title_auth | Transparent conductive zinc oxide basics and applications in thin film solar cells ; with 50 tables |
title_exact_search | Transparent conductive zinc oxide basics and applications in thin film solar cells ; with 50 tables |
title_full | Transparent conductive zinc oxide basics and applications in thin film solar cells ; with 50 tables Klaus Ellmer ... ed. |
title_fullStr | Transparent conductive zinc oxide basics and applications in thin film solar cells ; with 50 tables Klaus Ellmer ... ed. |
title_full_unstemmed | Transparent conductive zinc oxide basics and applications in thin film solar cells ; with 50 tables Klaus Ellmer ... ed. |
title_short | Transparent conductive zinc oxide |
title_sort | transparent conductive zinc oxide basics and applications in thin film solar cells with 50 tables |
title_sub | basics and applications in thin film solar cells ; with 50 tables |
topic | Dünne Schicht (DE-588)4136925-7 gnd Elektronische Eigenschaft (DE-588)4235053-0 gnd Zinkoxid (DE-588)4190864-8 gnd Dünnschichtsolarzelle (DE-588)4150833-6 gnd |
topic_facet | Dünne Schicht Elektronische Eigenschaft Zinkoxid Dünnschichtsolarzelle Aufsatzsammlung |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017317679&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV000683335 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ellmerklaus transparentconductivezincoxidebasicsandapplicationsinthinfilmsolarcellswith50tables |