Istorija Lucʹka: 1 Lučesʹk X - XV st.
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Ukrainian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lʹviv
Vydavnyctvo Nacionalʹnoho Univ. "Lʹvivsʹka Politechnika"
2007
|
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 251 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789665536604 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138707918258176 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ЗМІСТ
Перелік скорочень
...............................................................................................................................................4
Вступ
....................................................................................................................................................................5
Розділ
1.
Огляд міста за літописами та документами
....................................................................................8
1.1.
Огляд джерел
.................................................................................................................................................8
1.2.
Огляд літератури
.........................................................................................................................................10
1.3.
Історія археологічних досліджень
...............................................................................................................11
1.4.
Історія міста за літописами і джерелами
....................................................................................................17
Розділ
2.
Історична топографія міста і укріплень. Приміська інфраструктура
...........................................32
2.1.
Природне середовище та доміські поселення
...........................................................................................32
2.2.
Дитинець
......................................................................................................................................................36
2.2.1.
Територія, стратиграфія, первісні укріплення
......................................................................................36
2.2.2.
Топографія забудови майданчика
.........................................................................................................44
2.2.3.
Верхній замок
.........................................................................................................................................50
2.3.
Окольний город (Нижній замок). Храми
Окольного города....................................................................
55
2.4.
Середмістя
....................................................................................................................................................65
2.4.1.
Початки
заселення, система укріплень, стратиграфія та територіальний розвиток
..........................65
2.4.2.
Система забудови і комунікацій. Переправи, греблі та мости
............................................................78
2.4.3.
Церкви середмістя
..................................................................................................................................79
2.4.4.
Соціально-економічна структура середмістя. Житлово-господарська забудова луцького Ринку
... 82
2.5.
Передмістя
...................................................................................................................................................90
2.5.1.
Правобережні передмістя
......................................................................................................................90
2.5.2.
Храми Правобережжя
...........................................................................................................................91
2.5.3.
Лівобережні передмістя
.........................................................................................................................94
2.6.
Приміська інфраструктура
.......................................................................................................................102
Розділ
3.
Будівлі Лучеська
............................................................................................................................104
3.1.
Храмова архітектура
..................................................................................................................................104
3.2.
Житла та господарські споруди
................................................................................................................114
Розділ
4.
Господарська діяльність у місті. Військова справа
....................................................................129
4.
L
Сільське господарство, промисли і транспорт
........................................................................................129
4.2.Ремесло
............................................................................................. .........................................................132
4.3.
Торгівля
......................................................................................................................................................162
4.4.
Військова справа
........................................................................................................................................171
4.4.1.
Зброя та захисний обладунок
..............................................................................................................171
4.4.2.
Спорядження вершника і коня
............................................................................................................182
Розділ
5.
Культура і міжнародні зв язки
......................................................................................................183
5.1.
Культура
.....................................................................................................................................................183
5.2.
Міжнародні зв язки
....................................................................................................................................195
Висновки
..........................................................................................................................................................200
Додатки
............................................................................................................................................................202
A. Луцькі князі, старости і бояри, єпископи
X
—
XV
ст.
.................................................................................202
Б. КаталогжитловихтагосподарськихспорудЛучеськаУП
—
XVIIct.
(розкопки
1969—2006
pp.)
............203
B. Каталог поховань
X—XV
ст. на території Старого міста
.......................................................................... 216
Літопис (хроніка) важливих дат іподій
.......................................................................................................218
Список використаних джерел
........................................................................................................................219
Summary
...........................................................................................................................................................238
Іменний покажчик
..........................................................................................................................................240
Топографічно-географічнийпокажчик
.........................................................................................................247
SUMMARY
The medieval city of Lutches k is one of the oldest cities in Ukraine. Today the city is known as Lutsk and
it is the administrative center of Volyn
oblast.
Our research of this urban center focuses on 10th to the 15th centuries,
the periods of the city s earliest history.
The history of this city was first studied by Y. Pearlstein, T.-Y. Stetsky, M. Malushyns ky, B. Saichuk, and P.
Tronevich. A great deal of research was completed by the architects B.
Kolosok,
R. Metelnyts ky,
and V. Semeniuk,
among others, on the topographical structure of the city and its architectural monuments. Although archaeological
discoveries have been studied since the second part of the 19th century, the first systematic examination of the city
was undertaken during a ten-year archaeological program under the direction of S. Tersky. Between
1988
and
1998,
the area of the dytynets, the central city core, its outlying areas and the suburbs of Pomostychi and Pans
kyj
horod were subject to analysis. Our research revealed a clear picture of the medieval city s history, topography,
and material culture. Based on the analysis of written records and archaeological findings, we have identified five
periods in the development of the city.
Although the first written record of Lutches k dates to
1085,
the city is in fact much older. The medieval city
center grew up around an existing trade and craft settlement sometime between the 7th and the 10th century. Even
before becoming the city of Lutches k, this area was the hypothetical center of Volyn .
This first period, from the 7th to the 10th century, is known as the Tribal Period. The settlement on the
island of Lutches k was surrounded by other settlements on both banks of the
Styr
River, and was one of the
Volyn people s tribal centers. Located on an island, the city s oldest center grew on a naturally fortified area. On the top
of the island, a fortified dytynets (which occupied an area of
0,8
hectares) existed. The recovery of artifacts from the
Luzhitska culture indicates that the first fortification could have been built at that time, since first fort cities occurred during
this period. However, this period remains poorly studied, since few artifacts have been recovered.
The second period was from the end of the 10th to the 11th century. During this period, the power of the local
prince expanded and the city grew. Two areas of settlement from this time were clearly identified, the dytynets (the
residence of the prince) and the outlying urban settlement, of six hectares. The materials of the 10th century are
presented in detail. The buildings from this period were studied in the territory of dytynets, in the city s suburbs,
and also in the neighboring settlements of Boratyn and Horodok. Elements relating to this large settlement were
discovered throughout the region during excavations in the modern villages of Novostav, Boratyn, Hirka-Polonka,
Rovantsi, Zmiyinets, Knyahyninok, Mylushi, Lyplyany, and Zhydychin, and also the excavation of barrows in the
villages of
Teremne,
Borohiv, Lyshche,
Krupa,
Piddubtsi, and
Stávok.
The third period lasted from the 12th century to the first part of the 13th century. By this time, Lutches k was
the largest urban center of the Volyn Kingdom. The establishment of the Podil Suburb indicates continued
growth. At that time, Podil, with an area of
17
hectares, became the primary center of trade for Lutches k. Also at
this time, the first monumental religious buildings such as the Cathedral and monasteries were built. Clearly,
Lutches k had become one of the most important economic and cultural centers of southwest
Rus .
The fourth period was from the second part of the 13th century to the 1390 s. Despite the Mongol invasion,
Lutches k continued to prosper and the city became an important international center of trade. The region remained
an independent kingdom and was the main center of eastern Volyn . The city recovered from the invasion very
quickly and the population of the surrounding areas expanded. During this time numerous stone and brick buildings
were built throughout the city. Various new fortifications were erected, including the incorporation of the outlying
trading suburb of Pomostych into the city s defensive line. Lutches k indeed had become an important center of
international trade.
The fifth period was between the 1380 s and the 15th century. During this time, Lutches k lost its political
significance but remained an important urban and trade center in Eastern Europe. Various ethnic groups moved into the
city and the multinational character to the urban population increased.
Combining the written and archaeological resources has allowed us to reconstruct in detail the changes in the
layout of the city during its different stages of development. As a result of our excavations in the territory of the city
238
and suburbs, we were able to undertake a detailed study of the city s stratigraphy. During the course of this project
we were also able to discover the exact location of city s religious buildings that were known from the documentary
evidence. On the basis of this research, we were able to date the appearance of the city s fortifications. Our studies
have also defined the location of Five Prince Yards, and six monasteries, all which date between the 12th and 14th
centuries, in the territory of the city s suburbs.
Among the remains of monumental buildings attention is given to those sites which were intensely studied
during this research, such as The Church of Saint John
Bohoslov
(dated
1170
s), the Upper and Lower Okol niy
castles, and the Prince s Palace (dated between the 13th and the 16th century). Unique examples of houses and wooden
religious items (dated between the 13th and the 16th centuries) located on the territory otdytynets and the surrounding
area were well preserved due to the nature of the soil. Fragments of other structures, such as the Church of St.
Dmytro (dated to the 13th century), and a house near St. Trinity church (dated between the 14th and the 16th
century) were also studied. Perhaps one of the most spectacular finds are the remains often houses, and a 14th Church
and bell tower (studied in
1992)
which is the oldest preserved buildings of this type in Ukraine.
The recovered archaeological finds tells us much of the life in the city. As a result of mis research, we are able to
fully illustrate a wide spectrum of trades from medieval Lutches k. The excavation of the workshops of bakers and
jewelers, for example, produced a large quantity of tools. Household finds and weapons from the 14th and 15th
century which were found in the territory of the ancient Volyn Kingdom are described in detail. These archaeological
findings provide evidence of the important role that Great Lutches k held in international trade and cultural connections
with the Baltic countries, Central Europe, the Balkans, Byzantium, the Crimea and the cities of the Volga basin. Clearly, the
imported and locally-made items found in this area tell us that Lutches k was a large center of transit and regional
trade.
The wide international connections indicate rapid development in the culture of the city. In the cultural and
artistic legacy of Lutches k, we noticed the synthesis of Western European, late
Bizantine,
and eastern influences.
During the 14th and 15th centuries, due to rapid cultural development, Lutches k became a political center, as well as
a center of religion and art for all the eastern Slavic nations. In the historical and economic development of the city,
we also noted that the culture had gone through several stages, from the epoch of Two Faiths , which was a time of
balance between paganism and Christianity, until the time when Lutches k became one of the largest cultural
centers of Ukraine.
This monograph, for the first time, systematized historical and archaeological materials concerning Lutches k as
one of the centers of Medieval Ukraine. A model for the development of a large Ukrainian city is proposed and this not only
fills the gap in regional history but is also an important addition to the history of Eastern Europe in the 14th and 15th
centuries.
Translated by Adrian Mandzy
239
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| spelling | Tersʹkyj, Svjatoslav Volodymyrovyč 1962- Verfasser (DE-588)142733504 aut Istorija Lucʹka 1 Lučesʹk X - XV st. Svjatoslav Tersʹkyj Lʹviv Vydavnyctvo Nacionalʹnoho Univ. "Lʹvivsʹka Politechnika" 2007 251 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier (DE-604)BV035379068 1 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017183371&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017183371&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Tersʹkyj, Svjatoslav Volodymyrovyč 1962- Istorija Lucʹka |
| title | Istorija Lucʹka |
| title_auth | Istorija Lucʹka |
| title_exact_search | Istorija Lucʹka |
| title_full | Istorija Lucʹka 1 Lučesʹk X - XV st. Svjatoslav Tersʹkyj |
| title_fullStr | Istorija Lucʹka 1 Lučesʹk X - XV st. Svjatoslav Tersʹkyj |
| title_full_unstemmed | Istorija Lucʹka 1 Lučesʹk X - XV st. Svjatoslav Tersʹkyj |
| title_short | Istorija Lucʹka |
| title_sort | istorija lucʹka lucesʹk x xv st |
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