Structure, function and formation of anaerobic granular sludge:
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2008
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| Schriftenreihe: | Veröffentlichung des Institutes für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft der Technischen Universität Braunschweig
75 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | kostenfrei Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 171-175 |
| Beschreibung: | VI, 187 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | IMAGE 1
STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND FORMATION
OF ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE
VON DER
FAKULTAT ARCHITEKTUR, BAUINGENIEURWESEN UND UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN
DER TECHNISCHEN UNIVERSITAT CAROLO-WILHELMINA
ZU BRAUNSCHWEIG
ZUR ERLANGUNG DES GRADES EINES
DOKTORINGENIEURS (DR.-ING.)
GENEHMIGTE
DISSERTATION
VON
SAMIR NASER HAG IBRAHIM
GEBOREN AM 09.10.1974
AUS BEIRUT - LIBNAN
EINGEREICHT AM
DISPUTATION AM
30. SEPTEMBER 2008
28. NOVEMBER 2008
BERICHTERSTATTER PROF. DR.-ING. NORBERT DICHTL
BERICHTERSTATTERIN PROF. DR. RER. NAT. HABIL. KORNELIA SMALLA
BERICHTERSTATTER PD DR.- ING. THOMAS DOCKHORN
2008
IMAGE 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 1
1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 3
2 BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 INTRODUCTION 5
2.2 THE ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION PROCESS 6
2.2.1 HYDROLYSIS 7
2.2.2 ACIDOGENESIS/FERMENTATION 7
2.2.3 ACETOGENESIS 8
2.2.4 METHANOGENESIS 8
2.3 MICROBIOLOGY OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION 11
2.3.1 FERMENTATIVE BACTERIA 11
2.3.2 HYDROGEN PRODUCING ACETOGENIC BACTERIA 11
2.3.3 HOMOACETOGENIC BACTERIA 12
2.3.4 METHANOGENIC BACTERIA 12
2.3.5 SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA 13
2.4 TYPES OF ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE REACTORS 13
2.4.1 UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BED (UASB) REACTOR 14
2.4.2 EXPANDED GRANULAR SLUDGE BED (EGSB) REACTOR 15
2.4.3 ANAEROBIC MIGRATING BLANKET REACTOR (AMBR) 16
2.4.4 ANAEROBIC SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR (ASBR) 17
2.4.5 INTERNAL CIRCULATION (IC) REACTOR 17
2.4.6 ANAEROBIC HYBRID (AH) REACTOR 19
2.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF ANAEROBIC GRANULES 20
2.5.1 MICROSTRUCTURE 20
2.5.2 METHANOGENIC ACTIVITY 21
2.5.3 SURFACE PROPERTIES 22
2.5.4 APPARENT COLOR 23
2.5.5 DENSITY AND SIZE 24
2.5.6 MECHANICAL STRENGTH 24
-
IMAGE 3
2.5.7 EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES (EPS) 25
2.6 MAJOR FACTORS INFLUENCING ANAEROBIC GRANULATION 26
2.6.1 UPFLOW VELOCITY AND HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIME 26
2.6.2 ORGANIC LOADING RATE (OLR) 27
2.6.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTRATE 28
2.6.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF SEED SLUDGE 29
2.6.5 ADDITION OF POLYMER 30
2.6.6 ADDITION OF CATIONS 32
2.6.7 REACTOR TEMPERATURE 33
2.6.8 REACTOR PH 34
2.7 MECHANISMS AND MODELS FOR ANAEROBIC GRANULATION 34
2.7.1 THERMODYNAMIC MODELS 35
2.7.1.1 SECONDARY MINIMUM ADHESION MODEL 35
2.7.1.2 HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTION AND LOCAL DEHYDRATION MODELS 35
2.7.1.3 SURFACE TENSION MODEL 37
2.7.2 STRUCTURAL MODELS 37
2.7.2.1 INERT NUCLEI MODEL 38
2.7.2.2 DIVALENT CATION-BRIDGE MODEL 38
2.7.2.3 EPS BINDING MODEL 38
2.7.2.4 THE CAPE TOWN MODEL 39
2.7.2.5 SPAGHETTI THEORY 39
2.7.2.6 CRYSTALLIZED NUCLEI FORMATION MODEL 40
2.7.2.7 SYNTROPHIC MICROCOLONY MODEL 40
2.7.2.8 PROTON TRANSLOCATION-DEHYDRATION THEORY 41
2.7.2.9 DEHYDRATION OF BACTERIAL SURFACES 41
2.8 REFERENCES 42
3 BULK PROPERTIES OF ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE FROM DIFFERENT FULL-SCALE
ANAEROBIC REACTORS 53
3.1 INTRODUCTION 53
3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 54
3.2.1 SOURCE OF GRANULAR SLUDGES 54
3.2.2 BULK PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 55
II
IMAGE 4
3.2.2.1 VS.TS AND SVI 55
3.2.2.2 DENSITY 55
3.2.2.3 SETTLING VELOCITY 55
3.2.2.4 GRANULE SHAPE CHARACTERISTICS 55
3.2.2.5 GRANULE STRENGTH 55
3.2.3 SLUDGE SURFACE PROPERTIES 56
3.2.3.1 HYDROPHOBICITY TEST 56
3.2.3.2 ZETA POTENTIAL 56
3.2.4 EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES (EPS) 56
3.2.5 STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS 57
3.3 RESULTS 58
3.3.1 GRANULAR SLUDGE PHYSICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 58
3.3.1.1 SETTLING VELOCITY, SVI, STRENGTH, DENSITY, AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION
58
3.3.2 EFFECT OF EPS COMPOSITION AND SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS ON GRANULAR
SLUDGE
PROPERTIES 61
3.3.3 EFFECT OF WASTEWATER ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANAEROBIC GRANULAR
SLUDGE 66
3.4 DISCUSSION 70
3.4.1 ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE PROPERTIES 70
3.4.2 THE ROLE OF EPS AND SLUDGE SURFACE CHARGE IN SHAPING GRANULAR
SLUDGE
PROPERTIES 70
3.4.3 EFFECT OF WASTEWATER TYPE ON ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE PROPERTIES
71
3.5 CONCLUSION 73
3.6 REFERENCES 74
THE ROLE OF COHESIVE FORCES IN ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE STABILITY 77
4.1 INTRODUCTION 77
4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 79
4.2.1 SOURCE OF GRANULAR SLUDGE 79
4.2.2 STABILITY TEST OF GRANULAR SLUDGES 79
4.2.2.1 WATER AND CHEMICALS 79
4.2.2.2 DISSOCIATION OF GRANULAR SLUDGE 79
4.2.2.3 DISSOCIATION INDEX 80
4.2.3 GRANULAR SLUDGE PROPERTIES 80
- _
IMAGE 5
4 2 3 1 EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES (EPS) 80
. . 80
4.2.3.2 ZETA POTENTIAL
80
4.2.3.3 GRANULE SHAPE PROPERTIES
81
4 2 4 STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS
82
4.3 RESULTS
82
4.3.1 ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE STABILITY
84
4.3.2 ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS
4.3.2.1 EFFECT OF THE PH-VALUE ON GRANULAR SLUDGE STABILITY 84
4.3.2.2 THE EFFECT OF IONIC STRENGTH ON GRANULAR SLUDGE STABILITY 86
4.3.3 IONIC INTERACTIONS: THE EFFECT OF EDTA ON GRANULAR SLUDGE
STABILITY 87
4.3.4 HYDROGEN BONDS: THE EFFECT OF UREA ON THE GRANULAR SLUDGE
STABILITY 90
4.3.5 ROLE OF THE WASTEWATER TYPE IN SHAPING COHESIVE FORCE INTERACTIONS
91 93 4.4 DISCUSSION 4.4.1 ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE STABILITY 3 Q4
4.4.2 ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS ^
4.4.3 IONIC INTERACTIONS: THE EFFECT OF EDTA ON THE GRANULES STABILITY
95
4.4.4 HYDROGEN BONDS: THE EFFECT OF UREA ON THE GRANULES STABILITY 96
4.4.5 WASTEWATER TYPE AND COHESIVE FORCES RELATIONSHIP
4.5 CONCLUSION 9
4.6 REFERENCES
5 MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE FROM
DIFFERENT
FULL-SCALE REACTORS 1 03
5.1 INTRODUCTION 1 03
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 1 5
5.2.1 SOURCE OF BIOMASS 1 05
5.2.2 MICROBIAL COMMUNITY ANALYSIS 05
5.2.2.1 TOTAL DNA EXTRACTION 1 05
5.2.2.2 POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION OF 16SRRNA GENE FRAGMENT FOR DGGE
ANALYSIS
105
5.2.2.3 DENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS (DGGE) ANALYSIS L 08
5.2.2.4 ANALYSIS OF DGGE PATTERNS 1 8
5.2.2.5 CLUSTER ANALYSIS AND PAIRWISE PERMUTATION TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE
1 09
- - -- -
IMAGE 6
5.2.2.6 ESTIMATION OF COMMUNITY DIVERSITY FROM DGGE PROFILES 109
5.3 RESULTS 110
5.3.1 MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE 110
5.3.2 MICROBIAL DIVERSITY 115
5.3.3 MICROBIAL COMMUNITY- GRANULAR SLUDGE PROPERTIES RELATIONSHIP 116
5.4 DISCUSSION 116
5.5 CONCLUSION 118
5.6 REFERENCES 120
6 ENHANCING ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE FORMATION USING COMBINED
ADDIFICATION- CA 2+ ADDITION (CAC) METHOD 124
6.1 INTRODUCTION 124
6.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 125
6.2.1 INOCULUM SLUDGE 125
6.2.2 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP AND OPERATION 125
6.2.3 SPECIFIC METHANOGENIC ACTIVITY TEST (SMA) 126
6.2.4 ANALYTICAL METHODS 127
6.2.5 GRANULAR SIZE DISTRIBUTION 128
6.3 RESULTS 128
6.3.1 REACTOR PERFORMANCE 128
6.3.2 SPECIFIC METHANOGENIC ACTIVITY (SMA) 130
6.3.3 GRANULAR SLUDGE FORMATION 131
6.3.4 EFFECT OF COMBINED ACIDIFICATION-CA 2+ -ADDITION ON SLUDGE
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
CHARACTERISTICS 133
6.3.4.1 SLUDGE SURFACE PROPERTIES 133
6.3.5 EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES 136
6.3.6 ASH ACCUMULATION 139
6.4 DISCUSSION 140
6.4.1 CELL ADSORPTION 140
6.4.2 CELL ADHESION 141
6.5 CONCLUSION 143
6.6 REFERENCES 145
IMAGE 7
7 MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF ACIDIFICATION/CA 2 *
ENHANCED
ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE FORMATION 150
7.1 INTRODUCTION 150
7.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 151
7.3 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 151
7.3.1 MICROBIAL COMMUNITY ANALYSIS 152
7.3.1.1 TOTAL DNA EXTRACTION 152
7.3.1.2 POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION OF 16SRRNA GENE FRAGMENT FOR DGGK
ANALYSIS...
152
7.3.1.3 DENATURING GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS 152
7.3.1.4 ANALYSIS OF DGGE PATTERNS AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS 152
7.3.1.5 ESTIMATING DIVERSITY OF THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITY FROM DGGE
PROFILES 153 7.4 RESULTS ,
7.4.1 MICROBIAL POPULATION STRUCTURE 153
7.5 DISCUSSION ,,-C
7.5.1 MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS 166
7.5.2 ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE FORMATION MODEL 168
7.6 CONCLUSION . ,*
7.7 REFERENCES
8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 176
9 LIST OF FIGURES
180
10 LIST OF TABLES...
183
|
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| spelling | Hag Ibrahim, Samir Naser 1974- Verfasser (DE-588)137587422 aut Structure, function and formation of anaerobic granular sludge Samir Naser Hag Ibrahim 2008 VI, 187 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Veröffentlichung des Institutes für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft der Technischen Universität Braunschweig 75 Literaturverz. S. 171-175 Zugl.: Braunschweig, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008 Klärschlamm (DE-588)4030913-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Klärschlamm (DE-588)4030913-7 s DE-604 Veröffentlichung des Institutes für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft der Technischen Universität Braunschweig 75 (DE-604)BV001897953 75 DE-601 pdf/application http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/589642669.pdf kostenfrei Inhaltsverzeichnis GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017161500&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hag Ibrahim, Samir Naser 1974- Structure, function and formation of anaerobic granular sludge Veröffentlichung des Institutes für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft der Technischen Universität Braunschweig Klärschlamm (DE-588)4030913-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4030913-7 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Structure, function and formation of anaerobic granular sludge |
| title_auth | Structure, function and formation of anaerobic granular sludge |
| title_exact_search | Structure, function and formation of anaerobic granular sludge |
| title_full | Structure, function and formation of anaerobic granular sludge Samir Naser Hag Ibrahim |
| title_fullStr | Structure, function and formation of anaerobic granular sludge Samir Naser Hag Ibrahim |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structure, function and formation of anaerobic granular sludge Samir Naser Hag Ibrahim |
| title_short | Structure, function and formation of anaerobic granular sludge |
| title_sort | structure function and formation of anaerobic granular sludge |
| topic | Klärschlamm (DE-588)4030913-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Klärschlamm Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/589642669.pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017161500&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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