W obliczu wojny: Wojsko Polskie 1935 - 1939
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Polish |
Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Wydawn. Neriton
2008
|
Ausgabe: | Wyd. 1. |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Includes bibliographical references (p. [510]-526) and indexes |
Beschreibung: | 558 p. 24 cm |
ISBN: | 9788375430448 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804138646921543680 |
---|---|
adam_text | Spis
tresei
Wstęp
................................................................. 9
Rozdział I. Polityczne i militarne położenie Polski oraz wzrastające zagrożenie
jej bezpieczeństwa zewnętrznego
................................... 16
Rozdział
II.
Akty prawne regulujące status sił zbrojnych
................... 49
Rozdział III. Organizacja centralnej i terenowej administracji wojska
......... 61
Rozdział
IV.
Wojenny pion przygotowań armii
............................ 86
Rozdział
V.
Myśl wojskowa
.............................................118
Rozdział
VI.
Doktryna wojenna
.........................................136
Rozdział
VII.
Planowanie wojenne
.......................................145
Rozdział
VIII.
Plan modernizacji i rozbudowy wojska
......................183
Rozdział
IX.
Kształcenie i szkolenie wojska
...............................194
Rozdział
X.
Kadra zawodowa służby stałej
...............................236
Rozdział
XL
Bronie główne
.............................................254
Rozdział
XII.
Marynarka wojenna
.......................................281
Rozdział
XIII.
Wojska i bronie pomocnicze
...............................294
Rozdział
XIV.
Służby
...................................................340
Rozdział
XV.
Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza
................................369
Rozdział
XVI.
Formacje Obrony Narodowej
..............................380
Rozdział
XVII.
Przemysł zbrojeniowy
....................................388
Rozdział
XVIII.
Działalność oświatowo-wychowawcza, propagandowa
i kulturalna
.......................................................
4O0
Rozdział
XIX.
Udział wojska w edukacji i przysposobieniu obronnym społe¬
czeństwa
.........................................................424
Rozdział
XX.
Wojskowi w życiu politycznym kraju oraz w cywilnych struk¬
turach administracyjnych
..........................................450
Rozdział
XXI.
Militarne (dywersyjne) działania nieregularne
................461
Rozdział
XXII.
Fortyfikacje stałe i polowe
-
przygotowanie terenu do wojny
. 473
Rozdział
XXIII.
Koncentracja i mobilizacyjne rozwinięcie wojsk
.............487
Zakończenie
..........................................................506
Bibliografia
...........................................................510
Summary
.............................................................527
Indeks osób
..........................................................530
Indeks nazw geograficznych
............................................553
Table
of
contents
Preface
.................................................................9
Chapter I. Political and military situation of Poland and increasing threat of
its external security
................................................16
Chapter II. Legal acts regulating the of the armed forces
....................49
Chapter III. Organisation of the military central and territorial adminis¬
tration
...........................................................61
Chapter IV. War division of army preparations
............................86
Chapter V. Military thought
.............................................118
Chapter VI. Military doctrine
...........................................136
Chapter
VII.
War planning
..............................................145
Chapter
VIII.
Plan of army modernisation and development
................183
Chapter IX. Army education and training
................................194
Chapter X. The cadres of permanent active duty
..........................236
Chapter XI. Primary arms
..............................................254
Chapter
XII.
Navy
.....................................................281
Chapter
XIII.
Auxiliary forces and arms
..................................294
Chapter
XIV.
Services
..................................................340
Chapter XV. Border Defence Corps
......................................369
Chapter
XVI.
Formations of National Defence
.............................380
Chapter
XVII.
Armaments industry
......................................388
Chapter
XVIII.
Educational, propaganda and cultural activities
.............400
Chapter
XIX.
Army contribution to civil education and defence training
.....424
Chapter XX. The military in political life of the country and civil administra¬
tive structures
....................................................450
Chapter
XXI.
Military (sabotage) irregular operations
.....................461
Chapter
ХХП.
Permanent and field fortifications
-
field preparation for war
.. 473
Chapter
XXIII.
Concentration and mobilisation deployment of the troops
.... 487
Conclusions
...........................................................506
Bibliography
..........................................................510
Summary
.............................................................527
Index of names
.......................................................530
Gazetteer
............................................................553
Summary
The last of the periods of the Polish Army of the years
1918-1939
presented in the four
successive monographs spans the period of the second half of the
1930s
and is related to the
taking command of it by
Śmigły-Rydz
after the death of
Piłsudski
and to the growing threat
of war, till the outbreak of the World War II on September 1st,
1939.
It is a period of many
significant changes introduced to the army, indispensable due to the legacy of
Piłsudski
that
forced the changes in various segments of the army itself as well as change of war doctrine
and the whole defence system of the country.
The analysed period of the history of the Polish Army was characterised by attempts
at modernisation and development of the armed forces, at creation of a new Polish centre
of armaments industry and by necessity to revaluate the opinions about war threat and po¬
tential allies, which entailed the change of war doctrine. Piteudski s legacy exposed the huge
weakness of the army regarded so far as the bastion of the state security. The army was tech¬
nically an educationally backward, had an anarchic type of command, without plans how
to wage war, including operational plans, or even without current mobilisation plan, with¬
out a clear war doctrine. All this set ambitious goals for the new state and army authorities
to take immediate remedy actions. This required significant financial resources which were
not available then, and the necessity to secure a real military assistance rendered by the al¬
lies in case of aggression, which was to be achieved yet. The present publication attempts to
depict the remedial measures taken, reveal the committed errors and present the final state
of preparations of the armed forces for the outbreak of war.
Polish capabilities seen against the backdrop of confrontation with a potential aggres¬
sor began to be estimated quite realistically. The option of a two-front war was rejected as
without any chances of success in the case of simultaneous attacks launched by Germany
and the USSR, even with the help of the allies. There were attempts made to restore the old
alliances, especially with France. The foundations of war doctrine were changed and prin¬
ciples of troops training. The backlogs in war planning were being reduced. The new army
authorities, however, duplicated the previous models introduced by
Piłsudski,
since Rydz-
-Śmigły
decided to imitate him in wielding power and coupled the function of commander-
-in-chief with a main state decision-maker in political matters. To achieve the similar level
of authority,
Rydz-Śmigły
used the army as an instrument in political struggle and engaged
it in his public activity. To this end he made use of increasing threat of war to consolidate
the society around his own political vision under the banner of Mobilised Nation , formal¬
ly in order to use all national resources for defence of independence and sovereignty. This,
however, did not always serve to achieve the primary goals of the national armed forces
528
Summary
since the large public involvement in the idea of state defence was instrumentally used to
the realisation of private political goals of the group focused around the persons of
Smigły-
Rydz and President
Mościcki.
A significant challenge for the new army authorities was posed by the necessity of its
modernisation and
-
in optimistic version
-
its development. The attempt was made to equip
the army, as far as it was possible, with advanced military technologies in order to partially
reduce its backwardness in relation to the potential enemies. Thus, in
1936
the six-year plan
was approved of modernisation and development of the Polish Army, later on extended to
ten years. It provided for the development of own armaments industry with the centres sit¬
uated in more safe locations in the Polish territory as regards war threat. As it turned out,
these activities were only partially successful due to economic weakness of the state, and
Poland was defeated in the competition for preparation for war with its potential aggressors.
The mistakes were made at the planning stage, since the modernisation was carried out at
the so-called wide front instead of focusing on selected areas
-
advanced technological
arms which would change the nature of future war.
The responsibility for Polish war preparations rested with Marshal
Śmigły-Rydz
per¬
sonally and it was he who was to blame for many drawbacks of inadequate preparation of
the armed forces to the future war. He was bred on the experiences of the Polish-Soviet War
of
1919-1920
in which he distinguished himself as a front-line commanding officer, but he
failed to verify these experiences in the confrontation with the development of war theory
and warfare. In the concepts of war preparation of armed forces he followed in Pilsudski s foot¬
steps. He was not ready to perform the function of a commander in chief in modern war.
The present publication attempts at the reconstruction of the activities of the Polish
Army at that time, pertaining not only to its functioning within its own closed structures,
as it is usually done, but also to depict its external commitment in relation to the Polish so¬
ciety. Internal activity of the army has been presented in a multifaceted way, not only through
its structures, formations, doctrine, operational planning and military training, but also in
the context of its educational, cultural and propaganda activities, social assistance and basic
legal acts regulating the functioning of the analysed armed forces. The Polish Army at that
time was a derivative of political and military situation of the country as well as of increas¬
ing external threat, which was emphasised, too.
The present book is a comprehensive reconstruction of Polish military history in the
broad sense of the term, including the activities of the Polish Army. Hence the attention was
not exclusively focused on the latter, although it is a dominant theme. An attempt made to
demonstrate that the then armed forces, located high in the hierarchic structure of the state
(the aftermath of the
1935
Constitution and decrees of the President of the Polish Republic)
tried to play an important political role through a fairly numerous participation in the state
authorities, to impose own ideas about Polonization of the Polish Eastern Frontiers, to con¬
duct propaganda preparations of the civilians for both war and supporting the political ideas
of
Rydz-Śmigły,
and to assume almost the sole responsibility for defensive education of the
Polish people.
The book is based on the abundant source material and extensive literature on the sub¬
ject. On this basis, it presents a new perspective on this period in the history of the Polish
armed forces. In addition, the reconstruction of their history is presented in the broad con¬
text of various activities, and contrary to the previous studies unrestricted to the extent of
their internal functioning. Hence the presentation of such issues as attempts at monopolis¬
ing many areas of state activity which basically lie in the hands of civilian state authorities
(high position of military men in state and party structures, their important political role,
helping the police out with public order etc.) and arrogation of the monopoly on the con¬
solidation of the Polish society around the conception of defence of threatened national ex-
Summary
529
isterice
and sovereignty (defence education, interference in the educational system, proposed
Polonization or compulsory conversion to Catholicism of the minorities from the Polish East¬
ern Frontiers). Such depiction gives the opportunity to look at the activities of the army from
the broader perspective as at the factor which was supposed to assist the state with the re¬
alisation of its vision of wielding power (authoritative model) and at the same time as the
argument guaranteeing the safety and stability of the country.
All this resulted in the construction of a monograph consisting of as many as
23
chap¬
ters. They are regarded as separate areas of activity of the national armed forces in the pe¬
riod of increasing threat of war. This allowed for as complete presentation of the analysed
subject as it was possible.
The monograph is structured in such a was as to start from the general problems: po¬
litical and military situation of Poland, both in the international and in national context, to¬
gether with the situation changes due to the re-evaluation of a degree of war threat, presen¬
tation of the legal foundations regulating the functioning of the army, the description of its
war and peaceful course of actions, the achievements of military thought, establishing of the
doctrinal principles and rules for war planning, the army modernisation and development
plan, including more detailed questions pertaining to the cadres policy, directions of mili¬
tary education and training of the troops. Considerable attention was paid to the profile of
functioning of the main and auxiliary arms, types of forces and services. Separate subchap-
ters present the activity of the Navy, regarded as a branch of national military forces, the
Border Defence Corps, assigned to the army to a certain extent, as well as the formation of
National Defence regarded as territorial forces. There is also included educational, cultural
and propaganda activity within the Polish Armed Forces serving the military education, as
well as the army participation in the political life of the country and its civil administrative
structures or in civil military education and civil defence training.
In the analysed period the Polish Army was regarded as a main tool to be used in de¬
fence policy pursued at that time, as a militarised part of the society being prepared to fight
in possible war. Hence the study includes also such problems as: the role of war industry
played in arming and equipping the troops, preparations of the country territory to war
(permanent and field fortifications) or presentation of mobilisation deployment of the troops
at the brink of war.
The value of the book comes not only from its comprehensive and multifaceted pre¬
sentation of the analysed period of the history of the Polish Army but also from the author s
persistent effort to impartiality in the presented descriptions, and especially in his opinions
and conclusions. In addition to that, he resolved many questions previously open and de¬
batable while well documented by the source material. Thereby, the monograph makes a
considerable contribution to the Polish modern military historiography.
The presentation of unquestionable achievements of the new military authorities in
reducing backlogs has not omitted their mistakes
-
and there were many of them
-
that made
it impossible to use all the potential defence capability of the country in the war with Ger¬
many which began on September
1- , 1939,
and with the Soviet Union on September 17 1,
1939.
The conclusion, however, is firm: in the then geopolitical conditions even the full em¬
ployment of the potential available would not allow the Polish Army conquer the aggressors
being highly superior to Poland in military potential.
The present publication concludes the four-volume series of the interwar period of the
Polish military history. It was written by one author
-
so far the separate periods were co¬
vered by various authors
-
and published by one publisher: the Neriton Publishing House.
Thus the history of the Polish Army was presented written on the basis of the recent research,
free of the restrictions imposed by previous conditions (i.e. the censorship) and of previous
excessive stereotypes.
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Wyszczelski, Lech 1942- |
author_GND | (DE-588)103293345 |
author_facet | Wyszczelski, Lech 1942- |
author_role | aut |
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callnumber-label | UA829 |
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callnumber-subject | UA - Armies |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)310122435 (DE-599)BVBBV035333666 |
edition | Wyd. 1. |
era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1935-1939 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1935-1939 |
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geographic_facet | Poland / History, Military / 1918- Polen Poland History, Military 1918- |
id | DE-604.BV035333666 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:31:30Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9788375430448 |
language | Polish |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017138073 |
oclc_num | 310122435 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 |
owner_facet | DE-12 |
physical | 558 p. 24 cm |
publishDate | 2008 |
publishDateSearch | 2008 |
publishDateSort | 2008 |
publisher | Wydawn. Neriton |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Wyszczelski, Lech 1942- Verfasser (DE-588)103293345 aut W obliczu wojny Wojsko Polskie 1935 - 1939 Lech Wyszczelski Wyd. 1. Warszawa Wydawn. Neriton 2008 558 p. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Includes bibliographical references (p. [510]-526) and indexes Poland / Wojsko Polskie / History / 20th century Poland. Wojsko Polskie History 20th century Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1935-1939 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd rswk-swf Poland / History, Military / 1918- Polen Poland History, Military 1918- Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 s Geschichte 1935-1939 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017138073&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017138073&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
spellingShingle | Wyszczelski, Lech 1942- W obliczu wojny Wojsko Polskie 1935 - 1939 Poland / Wojsko Polskie / History / 20th century Poland. Wojsko Polskie History 20th century Geschichte Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4039305-7 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
title | W obliczu wojny Wojsko Polskie 1935 - 1939 |
title_auth | W obliczu wojny Wojsko Polskie 1935 - 1939 |
title_exact_search | W obliczu wojny Wojsko Polskie 1935 - 1939 |
title_full | W obliczu wojny Wojsko Polskie 1935 - 1939 Lech Wyszczelski |
title_fullStr | W obliczu wojny Wojsko Polskie 1935 - 1939 Lech Wyszczelski |
title_full_unstemmed | W obliczu wojny Wojsko Polskie 1935 - 1939 Lech Wyszczelski |
title_short | W obliczu wojny |
title_sort | w obliczu wojny wojsko polskie 1935 1939 |
title_sub | Wojsko Polskie 1935 - 1939 |
topic | Poland / Wojsko Polskie / History / 20th century Poland. Wojsko Polskie History 20th century Geschichte Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd |
topic_facet | Poland / Wojsko Polskie / History / 20th century Poland. Wojsko Polskie History 20th century Geschichte Militär Poland / History, Military / 1918- Polen Poland History, Military 1918- |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017138073&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017138073&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT wyszczelskilech wobliczuwojnywojskopolskie19351939 |