Handbook on sediment quality: a special publication
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Alexandria, Va.
Water Environment Fed.
2002
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 372 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9781572782013 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 008 | 090218s2002 xxuabd| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 010 | |a 2002011318 | ||
| 020 | |a 9781572782013 |c pbk. |9 978-1-57278-201-3 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)50333746 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV035319891 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Handbook on sediment quality |b a special publication |c prepared by a Treatise on Sediment Quality Task Force of the Water Environment Federation under the direction of the Water Quality and Ecology Subcommittee of the Technical Practice Committee. Raymond C. Whittemore, chair. Alok Bhandari ... |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Sediment quality |
| 264 | 1 | |a Alexandria, Va. |b Water Environment Fed. |c 2002 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 372 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Sediments (Geology) |x Analysis | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Whittemore, Raymond C. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bhandari, Alok |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017124483&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017124483 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138627953852417 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Chapter Page
1. An Introduction to Sediments I
2. Sorption of Organic Compounds by Soils and Sediments:
Equilibrium and Rate Processes 7
Introduction 8
Sorption Mechanisms 10
Intermolecular Forces 12
Partitioning 12
Ion Exchange 12
Co valent B onding 13
Modeling Contaminant-Phase Distribution Equilibria 14
Partitioning Theory 15
Estimation of Activity Coefficients 17
Flory-Huggins Theory 19
Correlations of Kd to Molecular Properties 21
Correlations with the Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient 22
Isotherm Models 24
The Generalized Langmuir Isotherm and Its Simplifications 26
Potential Theory 30
Combined Models 31
Materials and Methodologies for Collecting Sorption Data 34
Batch and Column Equilibration Techniques 34
Batch Equilibration Techniques 34
Fixed-Bed (Column) Reactor Techniques 37
Obtaining Representative Samples 38
Composition of the Solution Phase 39
Criteria for Achieving Equilibrium 40
Loss Mechanisms and Controls 41
Reactors and Reactor Components 43
Phase Separation 43
Desorption 44
Sorption Phenomena 45
Isotherm Linearity 45
Linear Partitioning to Isolated Mineral Surfaces 45
Linear Partitioning to Soils and Sediments 46
Nonlinear Sorption of Neutral Hydrophobie Organics 49
Nonlinear Sorption of Ionizable Organics 59
Competitive Effects 61
Competitive Adsorption Models 61
Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory 62
Polanyi-Based Models 63
Chapter Page
Evidence for Sórbate Competition 64
Desorption Hysteresis and Reversibility 65
Effects of Particle Size 68
Effects of Organic Matter Composition and Structure 68
Chemical Characterization: Polarity and Aromaticity 68
Rubbery/Glassy Models 69
Microporosity 69
Crystallinity 70
Solids-Concentration Effect 72
Sorption Rate Processes 75
Local Equilibrium 76
Langmuir Kinetics 77
Empirical Rate Models 77
Mass-Transfer Controlled Kinetics 79
External Mass Transfer 79
Homogenous Solid-Phase (Surface) Diffusion 81
Pore and Combined Pore-Surface Diffusion 82
Diffusion in Macromolecules 83
Case I Transport 84
Case n Transport 84
Anomalous or Non-Fickian Transport 85
Macromolecular Diffusion Behavior in Natural Systems 86
Summary and Conclusions 86
References 87
3. Bioavailability in Sediments 99
Introduction 100
Current Research on Bioavailability in Sediments 102
Measuring Bioavailability 102
Alternative Extraction Methods 102
Membrane Analogs 103
Importance of Sediment Characteristics in
Determining Bioavailability 104
Pore Water Concentrations Determine Bioavailability 104
Bioavailability of Sediment-Associated Contaminants 105
Remediation Using Bioavailability Reduction 106
Modeling 106
Field Studies 108
Bays 108
Lakes 109
Wetlands 109
Factors-Controlling Bioavailability 109
Acid-Volatile Sulfide 109
Organic Carbon 111
Chapter Page
Processes Affecting Bioavailability in Sediments 112
Aging 112
Sorption 112
Seasonally 114
Bioturbation 114
Measuring Bioavailability 115
Acid-Volatile Sulfides 116
Equilibrium Partitioning 118
Toxicity Tests With Algae, Bacteria, or Representative Species 120
Current Regulatory Directions 121
Toxicity Calculations 122
References 123
4. Methods for Collecting, Storing, and Manipulating Sediments
and Interstitial Water Samples for Chemical and
Toxicological Analyses 139
Introduction 140
Potential Interferences and Artifacts in Sediment and Interstitial
Water Collection, Handling, and Manipulation 141
Noncontaminant Factors 141
Changes in Bioavailability 142
Presence of Indigenous Organisms 143
Safety Concerns 143
Field Operation 144
Laboratory Operations 144
Special Considerations for Explosive Contaminated Sediments 144
Disposal of Sediments and Pore-Water Samples 144
Facilities, Equipment, and Supplies 144
Field Facilities 144
Laboratory Facilities 145
Equipment and Supplies 146
Equipment Cleaning and Decontamination 147
Procedures for Sediment and Interstitial Water Collection 148
Sediment Collection 148
Grab Samplers 150
Core Samplers 153
In Situ Interstitial Water Collection 158
Peeper Methods 160
Suction Methods 161
Retrieval of Interstitial Water Samples 161
Sample Transport and Storage 162
Sample Holding Times 163
Subsampling, Homogenizing, and Compositing Samples 164
General Information 164
Subsampling 165
Homogenization 168
vu
Chapter Page
Compositing 169
Sediment Sample Manipulations 170
Sieving 170
Recommended Sieves 171
Press Sieving 171
Wet Sieving 172
Alternatives to Sieving 172
Spiking Sediments 172
Preparation for Spiking 172
Spiking Methods 173
Verifying Homogeneity 173
Equilibration Times 174
Formulated Sediments and Organic Carbon Modification 175
Sediment Dilutions 176
Sediment Elutriates 176
Isolation of Interstitial Water 177
Centrifugation 178
Sediment Squeezing 179
Pressurized Devices 180
Quality Assurance and Quality Control 180
General Considerations 180
Quality Assurance and Quality Control Procedures for
Sediment Collection and Manipulation 181
The Quality Assurance Project Plan 182
Data Quality Objectives 182
Project Organization 183
Standard Operating Procedures 183
Sediment Sample Documentation 183
Sample-Tracking Documentation 184
Recordkeeping 185
Quality Assurance Audits 185
Corrective Action (Management of Nonconformance Events) 185
Data Reporting 186
References 186
5. Testing for Toxicity and Bioaccumulation in Freshwater Sediments 199
Introduction 200
Selection of Test Protocols 201
Selection of Test Species 203
Assessing Species Sensitivity 205
Selecting Measurement Endpoints 208
Selection of Control Sediments 211
Selection of Sediment Phases for Use in Toxicity Testing 212
Introduction 212
Whole Sediments 212
Pore-Water Phase 215
VIII
Chapter Page
Elutriate Phase 216
Suspended Phase 216
Comparative Toxicity of Whole Sediments, Elutriates,
and Pore Water 218
Overview of Freshwater Species Used in Sediment-Toxicity Testing 219
Vascular Plants 219
Oligochaetes and Worms 221
Amphipods 221
Mayflies 222
Midges 222
Cladocerans 223
Fish 224
Amphibians 224
Miscellaneous Species 225
Methods to Assess Bioaccumulation in Freshwater Sediments 226
Invertebrate Bioaccumulation Tests 227
Fish Bioaccumulation Tests 232
Field Methods for Assessing Sediment Bioaccumulation 232
Field-Collected Samples 233
Transplantation and In Situ Exposures 234
Future Research Directions 235
Development of Bioassays and Endpoints 236
Issues Related to Exposure 237
In Situ Studies 237
Development of Sediment Quality Criteria and
Bioassessment Approaches 238
Bioaccumulation and Risk Assessment 238
Concluding Remarks 239
References 239
6. Toxicity Tests of Marine and Estuarine Sediment Quality:
Applications in Regional Assessments and Uses of the Data 259
Introduction and Background 260
Results from Surveys Performed Throughout North America 262
The Types of Toxicity Tests Commonly Used in
Regional Monitoring 262
Spatial Gradients (or Patterns) in Toxicity 266
Incidence of Toxicity 279
Spatial (or Surficial) Extent of Toxicity 282
Predicting Toxicity with Numerical Sediment-Quality Guidelines 285
Ecological Relevance of Toxicity Tests 299
Conclusions and Outlook 303
References 307
IX
Chapter Page
7. Empirical and Theoretical Shortcomings of Sediment-
Quality Guidelines 317
Introduction 318
Co-occurrence Sediment-Quality Guidelines 318
Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment-Quality Guidelines 320
Empirical Test of Sediment-Quality Guidelines 320
Theoretical Limitations to Chemical Predictors 323
Conclusions 324
References 324
8. Sediment-Quality Modeling 327
Introduction 328
Model Framework 329
Basic Processes Affecting Sediment Quality 329
Transport Processes 330
Water Column Transport 330
Settling 331
Resuspension 331
Sedimentation 331
Sediment-Water Diffusion 332
Mixing Within Bed Sediments 332
Reaction Processes 332
Sorption 332
Volatilization 333
Degradation-Decay 334
Advanced Model Features 334
Multiple Sorbent Classes 334
Water Column Solids 335
Non-Equilibrium Partitioning 336
Sediment Resuspension 336
Cohesive Sediments 337
Noncohesive Sediments 338
Behavior of Metals 338
Spatial Resolution 339
Commonly Used Model Frameworks 340
Hydrodynamic Models 341
UNET 342
DYNHYD5 342
RMA-2V 342
Princeton Ocean Model 343
Sediment-Transport Models 343
HEC-6 343
SED2D 344
SEDZL 344
Chapter Page
Chemical Fate and Transport Models 344
SMPTOX 344
HSCTM-2D 344
WASP5/IPX 344
EFDC 345
Model Calibration 345
Calibration Sequence 346
Short-Term Versus Long-Term Calibration 347
Alternate Observations 347
Calibration Sufficiency 348
Model Application 348
Remediation 348
Future Enviornmental Conditions 349
Natural Attenuation 350
Dredging 350
Capping 351
Case Study 351
Prevention of Sediment Contamination 353
Limitation and Proper Use 354
Bayou D Inde Case Study 354
Outstanding Issues 357
Artifical Bed Mixing 357
Data Sufficiency to Validate Resuspension Rates 359
Bioturbation and Enhanced Sediment Diffusion 360
Model Representation of Active Management Scenarios 360
References 360
Index 367
|
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:31:12Z |
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| isbn | 9781572782013 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2002011318 |
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| physical | XXII, 372 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publishDateSearch | 2002 |
| publishDateSort | 2002 |
| publisher | Water Environment Fed. |
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| spelling | Handbook on sediment quality a special publication prepared by a Treatise on Sediment Quality Task Force of the Water Environment Federation under the direction of the Water Quality and Ecology Subcommittee of the Technical Practice Committee. Raymond C. Whittemore, chair. Alok Bhandari ... Sediment quality Alexandria, Va. Water Environment Fed. 2002 XXII, 372 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Sediments (Geology) Analysis Whittemore, Raymond C. Sonstige oth Bhandari, Alok Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017124483&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Handbook on sediment quality a special publication Sediments (Geology) Analysis |
| title | Handbook on sediment quality a special publication |
| title_alt | Sediment quality |
| title_auth | Handbook on sediment quality a special publication |
| title_exact_search | Handbook on sediment quality a special publication |
| title_full | Handbook on sediment quality a special publication prepared by a Treatise on Sediment Quality Task Force of the Water Environment Federation under the direction of the Water Quality and Ecology Subcommittee of the Technical Practice Committee. Raymond C. Whittemore, chair. Alok Bhandari ... |
| title_fullStr | Handbook on sediment quality a special publication prepared by a Treatise on Sediment Quality Task Force of the Water Environment Federation under the direction of the Water Quality and Ecology Subcommittee of the Technical Practice Committee. Raymond C. Whittemore, chair. Alok Bhandari ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Handbook on sediment quality a special publication prepared by a Treatise on Sediment Quality Task Force of the Water Environment Federation under the direction of the Water Quality and Ecology Subcommittee of the Technical Practice Committee. Raymond C. Whittemore, chair. Alok Bhandari ... |
| title_short | Handbook on sediment quality |
| title_sort | handbook on sediment quality a special publication |
| title_sub | a special publication |
| topic | Sediments (Geology) Analysis |
| topic_facet | Sediments (Geology) Analysis |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017124483&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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