Evolution in health and disease:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | Second edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | Oxford biology
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Beschreibung: | xxi, 374 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 0199207453 9780199207459 0199207461 9780199207466 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Evolution in health and disease |c edited by Stephen C. Stearns and Jacob C. Koella |
| 250 | |a Second edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Oxford University Press |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a xxi, 374 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Oxford biology | |
| 500 | |a Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Medical genetics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Human evolution | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Diseases |x Causes and theories of causation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Evolution, Molecular | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Disease | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Health | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Krankheit |0 (DE-588)4032844-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Evolution |0 (DE-588)4071050-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Evolution |0 (DE-588)4071050-6 |D s |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Stearns, Stephen C. |d 1946- |0 (DE-588)135807174 |4 edt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Koella, Jacob C. |d 1958- |0 (DE-588)1089224680 |4 edt | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1807322173011918848 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Contents
List of Contributors
xix
Part I Introduction
1
1
Introducing evolutionary thinking for medicine
3
Stephen
С
Stearns, Randolph M.
Nesse,
and David Haig
Introduction
3
Mismatched to modernity
3
Adaptation takes time: lactose tolerance
3
Birth control and cancer risk
4
Early-life events with late-life consequences
4
Parasite load and autoimmune disease
4
Infection
5
Resistance
5
Virulence
5
Emerging diseases
5
Reproduction
5
Evolved conflicts between mother and offspring
5
Evolved conflicts between mother and father
6
Spontaneous abortions and complementary immune genes
6
Populations have histories
6
Evolutionary technologies
7
Phylogenetic reconstructions
7
Attenuated live vaccines
7
The nature of evolutionary explanations
7
Microevolution, macroevolution,
and development
7
Mechanistic and evolutionary explanations
8
Natural selection
8
How selection works
8
Fitness is relative reproductive success
9
Natural selection has several components: individual, sexual, and kin selection
9
Traits do not evolve for the good of the species
10
Random events and neutral variation: how neutral evolution works
10
Trade-offs
11
Macroevolution
12
Relationships and fossils reveal history
12
Constraints: eyes and tubes
12
VII
viii CONTENTS
Conclusion
13
Health, fitness, and the pursuit of happiness
13
Human diversity
13
Implications for medical practice, research, and education
14
What doctors need to know about evolution and why
14
Part II The history and variation of human genes
17
2
Global spatial patterns of infectious diseases and human evolution
19
Jean-François Guêgan, Franck Pmgnolle,
and
Frédéric
Thomas
Introduction
19
Geographical aspects of human diseases
19
Latitude and the species diversity of human pathogens
20
Longitude and the species diversity of human pathogens
21
Latitude and the nested pattern of human pathogens
21
Latitude and the geographical range of human pathogens
21
Geographical area and the species diversity of human pathogens
21
Historical patterns of the distribution of disease
22
Pathogen distribution and human genetic evolution
23
Pathogen distribution and human genetic evolution: the case of sickle cell disease
23
Variations in pathogen diversity and human genetic evolution: the
HLA
genes
25
Infectious diseases and human life-history traits
26
Human fertility and the species diversity of human pathogens
27
Human birthweight and the species diversity of human pathogens
27
Human behavior and culture, and the species diversity of human pathogens
27
Summary
28
Acknowledgments
29
3
Medically relevant variation in the human genome
31
Diddahally R. Govindaraju and Lynn
B. Jorde
Introduction
31
Molecular markers
32
Microsatellites
32
Single nudeotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
34
Haplotypes
34
Determination of haplotypes
35
Linkage disequilibrium, recombination and haplotype blocks
35
Linkage disequilibrium
35
Recombination and recombination hotspots
36
The structured genome
—
haplotype blocks
37
TagSNPs
" 37
The HapMap project
37
Background
37
Findings
38
Structural variation
40
Inference of evolutionary processes
40
Natural selection
40
CONTENTS ix
Genetic
drift
41
Admixture
41
Causal SNPs and the magnitude of their effects
41
Summary
42
Acknowledgments
42
4
Health consequences of ecogenetic variation
43
Michael Bamshad and
Arno
G. Motulsky
Introduction
43
Genetic basis of variation in drug metabolism and response
44
Genetic basis of
monogenie
drug reactions
44
Genetic basis of complex pharmacogenetic traits
45
Genetic basis of chemosensory perception and food preferences
45
Bitter taste sensitivity
46
Sweet and
umami
taste sensitivity
47
Lactase persistence
48
The structure of human populations
49
Correspondence between race and population structure
49
Race as a proxy for genetic ancestry
50
Conclusions
50
Acknowledgments
50
5
Human genetic variation of medical significance
51
Kenneth K. Kidd and Judith R. Kidd
Introduction
51
The pattern of human genetic variation
51
The amount and nature of human genetic variation
52
The human expansion out of Africa
52
The impact of genetic variants
—
or lack of it
53
The role of selection
55
The impact of population bottlenecks on genetic patterns
55
Disease can cause bottlenecks
56
Migration out of Africa
58
Complex disease and evolution
58
Genetic influences on alcoholism
59
Variation in
ethanol
metabolism and alcoholism
59
Variation in taste perception and alcohol dependence
61
Summary
62
Acknowledgments
62
Partili
Natural selection and evolutionary conflicts
63
6
Intimate relations: Evolutionary conflicts of pregnancy and childhood
65
David Haig
Introduction
65
Parental justice
65
χ
CONTENTS
Internal conflicts
66
Credibility problems
67
Pregnancy termination
67
Menstruation
67
Selective abortion
68
Gestation length
69
Infanticide
70
Maternal circulation
71
Preeclampsia
72
Growth
73
Fat
73
Brains and bodies
74
Intergenerational conflicts
75
Summary
76
Acknowledgments
76
7
How hormones mediate trade-offs in human health and disease
77
Richard G. Bribiescas and Peter T. Ellison
Introduction: Hormones, life history, evolution, and health
77
Hormones and trade-offs
77
Hormones, population variation, and phenotypic plasticity
79
Hormones and trade-offs in males
80
Androgens and fetal development
80
Childhood quiescence
80
Adolescent development, morbidity, and mortality
81
What are the benefits of testosterone in adult males?
81
Testosterone and somatic investment
82
Testosterone and immune function
82
Fatherhood and paternal investment
84
The aging male
84
Hormones and female reproductive trade-offs
85
Constraints on female reproductive success
85
Birthweight and infant survival
86
Parturition
86
Lactation and birth spacing
87
The resumption of ovarian cycling
88
Waiting time to conception
88
The timing of conception and human reproductive seasonality
89
Age and female fecundity
90
Contemporary medical implications
91
Metabolic syndrome
91
Cancer
91
Hormonal supplementation
91
Hormonal caveats
92
Summary
92
CONTENTS xi
8
Functional significance of MHC variation in mate choice, reproductive outcome,
and disease risk
95
Dagan A. Loisel, Susan C. Alberts, and Carole
Ober
Introduction
95
Genes of the major histocompatibility complex
95
Form and function of MHC molecules
96
Evolution of MHC genes
96
Pathogen-mediated selection on MHC genes
97
Sexual selection on MHC genes
98
MHC-mediated mate choice in non-human vertebrates
99
Role of the MHC in human mate choice
100
Evolutionary implications of MHC-mediated mate choice
101
MHC-linked olfactory cues
102
Influence of MHC
peptide-binding
region on odor
102
MHC
peptide ligands
as olfactory cues
102
Detection of MHC-mediated odors
103
Peptide
binding as an integrating principle in MHC evolution
103
MHC and reproductive outcome
103
MHC sharing and reproduction in outbred human populations
104
MHC sharing and reproductive outcome in an unselected population
104
MHC sharing, reproduction, and diversity
105
HLA-G in reproduction, immune regulation, and disease
105
HLA-G in reproductive, autoimmune, and inflammatory pathologies
106
Evolution of HLA-G
106
The cost of protection: non-adaptive consequences of MHC diversity
106
Conclusions
107
Summary
108
Acknowledgments
108
9
Perspectives on human health and disease from evolutionary and behavioral ecology
109
Beverly I. Strassmann and Ruth Mace
Introduction
109
Phenotypic plasticity
109
Kin selection theory
112
Step-parents
113
Adoption
113
Life-history theory
114
Trade-offs
114
Offspring number versus quality
115
Parental effort versus longevity
115
Menopause and the post-reproductive life span
116
Parental investment theory
117
Infanticide
117
Sex ratios
117
xii CONTENTS
Sexual
selection theory
118
Higher
mortality of males than females
119
Sexual jealousy and genital cutting
120
Summary
120
Acknowledgments
121
Part IV Pathogens: resistance, virulence, variation, and emergence
123
10
The ecology and evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
125
Carl T.
Bergstrom
and Michael
Feldgarden
Introduction
125
History of clinical antibiotic resistance
126
Genetic mechanisms
127
Point mutations
127
Homologous recombination
128
Heterologous recombination
128
Natural ecology
129
Soil ecology
129
Agricultural use
129
Hospital transmission
130
Population genetics
131
Linked genes
131
Compensatory mutation
132
Applying evolution/approaches for the future
133
Predicting resistance evolution
133
Narrow spectrum antibiotics
133
Bacteriocins
133
Quorum sensing disruptors
134
Ecological modeling
135
Antibiotic cycling
135
Conclusions
136
Summary
137
Acknowledgments
137
11
Pathogen evolution in a vaccinated world
139
Andrew F. Read and Margaret J. Mackinnon
Introduction
139
Vaccines have consequences for pathogen evolution
139
Hepatitis
В
139
Pertussis
141
Pneumococcal disease
141
Diphtheria
141
Malaria
141
Avian influenza
142
Marek's disease
142
Infectious bursal disease (IBD)
142
Thus, vaccines are not evolution-proof
143
CONTENTS xiii
Why has vaccination worked despite evolution?
143
Not all infectious diseases are alike
143
Is it too soon to be confident?
144
Pathogen adaptation in vaccinated populations
144
Epitope evolution
145
Virulence adaptation
145
Other possible vaccine-adapted phenotypes
147
The health consequences of vaccine-adapted pathogens
148
Predicting evolution
149
Watching evolution
150
Coda
151
Summary
152
Acknowledgments
152
12
The evolution and expression of virulence
153
Dieter Ebert and James J. Bull
Introduction
153
Outline of this chapter
154
Defining virulence
154
Artificial virulence evolution and live vaccines
155
The three phases of the evolution of infectious diseases
156
Phase
1:
Accidental infections
156
Phase
2:
Evolution of virulence soon after successful invasion
157
Phase
3:
The evolution of optimal virulence
159
Mechanisms of virulence remain to be considered
162
Variation of hosts impacts the expression and evolution of virulence
163
Virulence has a direct benefit for the parasite
163
Can we manage the evolution of virulence?
164
Summary
166
Acknowledgments
167
13
Evolutionary origins of diversity in human viruses
169
PaulM. Sharp, Elizabeth
Bailes,
and Louise V. Wain
Introduction
169
Origins of human viruses
169
Origins of diversity within human viruses
170
Herpesviruses
171
AIDS viruses
174
Influenza A viruses
177
Dengue viruses
180
Comparisons among viruses
181
Summary
183
14
The population structure of pathogenic bacteria
185
Daniel Dykhuizen and Awdhesh
Kalia
Introduction
185
xiv
CONTENTS
Population structure
185
Clonality versus
panmixia
185
Population structure
and disease type
186
Population structure and clonality
186
Population structure
and genetic
variation
186
Effective population
size
187
Effective population
size determined by
infection
dynamics
188
Helicobacter
pylori
188
Geographic variation
188
Infection dynamics
188
Infection inoculum
189
Mutation rate
189
Recombination in
Я.
pylori
190
Selective sweeps
190
Role of diversifying selection in maintaining nucleotide diversity
190
Expectation of high genetic variability in H. pylori
191
Streptococcus pyogenes
191
GAS epidemiology
192
Clonal expansion
192
Recombination
192
Why is there clonal expansion?
193
Interspecies
horizontal gene transfer
193
Expectation of moderate genetic variability in GAS
195
Salmonella typhi
195
The last common ancestor of S. typhi
196
The origin of S. typhi
196
Carrier numbers determine Ne
196
Further considerations
196
Mutation
197
Inoculation size
197
Recombination
197
Selective sweeps
197
Diversifying selection
197
Species introgression and high diversity
197
Summary
198
Acknowledgments
198
15
Whole-genome analysis of pathogen evolution
199
Julian
Parkhill
Introduction
199
Long-term evolution of pathogens
199
Horizontal exchange of genes
199
Mechanisms of gene exchange
200
Core and accessory genomes
201
Pathogenicity islands
202
Plasmids
202
Bacteriophage
203
CONTENTS xv
Homologous recombination
203
Short-term evolution of pathogens
204
Yersinia
pestis
204
BordeteUa pertussis
206
Stochastic variation/hypermutability
207
Phase variation
207
Simple sequence repeats
208
DNA
inversion
209
Genomic discovery of phase variable genes
209
Identification of rapid variation by genomic sampling
210
Campylobacter jejuni
—
simple sequence repeats
210
Bacteroides
fragilis
—DNA
inversion
211
Phase-variable restriction modification systems
212
Summary
213
Acknowledgments
213
16
Emergence of new infectious diseases
215
Mark Woolhouse and Rustom Antia
Introduction
215
Which diseases emerge?
217
Diversity of pathogens
217
Characteristics of emerging pathogens
218
Disease emergence as a biological process
220
The pathogen pyramid
220
Role of ecology
222
Role of evolution
222
Examples of emerging infectious diseases
224
HIV/AIDS
224
Influenza
224
SARS
225
Ebola
225
Monkeypox
225
Practical implications of disease emergence
226
Predicting pathogen emergence
226
Public health response
227
Summary
227
17
Evolution of parasites
229
Jacob
С
Koella and Paul Turner
Virulence and transmission in public health and evolution
229
The evolution of virulence in control programs
229
General considerations
229
Vaccines
230
Drug treatment
230
The problem of virulence
231
The problem of the trade-off
232
xvi CONTENTS
Beyond the trade-off model
234
Coevolution
234
Emerging diseases
234
A molecular and an experimental approach to the evolution of parasites
235
Summary
236
Acknowledgments
237
Part V Noninfectious and degenerative disease
239
18
Evolutionary biology as a foundation for studying aging and aging-related disease
241
Martin
Ackermann
and Scott D. Fletcher
Introduction
241
Defining and measuring aging
242
The canonical evolutionary models of aging
242
Evolutionary genetics of aging
243
Predictions of the evolutionary models
244
Molecular mechanisms of aging
245
Dietaiy restriction
245
Conserved pathways that influence the rate of aging
246
Merging molecular mechanisms with evolutionary theory
248
Adaptive responses to environmental signals
248
Going beyond traditional evolutionary models of aging
249
New directions
250
Concluding remarks
251
Summary
252
Acknowledgments
252
19
Evolution, developmental plasticity, and metabolic disease
253
Christopher W. Kuzawa, Peter D. Gluckman, Mark A. Hanson, and Alan S. Beedle
Introduction: diseases of excess or deficiency?
253
The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm
254
Origin
254
Evidence from epidemiology
255
Experimental evidence
256
Epigenetic mechanisms
257
An integrated response to developmental cues
258
Reduced body size and lean mass
258
Muscle becomes insulin-resistant
258
Fat deposition is enhanced in highly labile visceral depots
259
Stress responses and reactivity are accentuated
259
A developmental and evolutionary synthesis
259
Anticipating the future from maternal cues: predictive developmental plasticity
260
Medical and public health implications
262
Policy implications
263
Summary
264
Acknowledgments
264
CONTENTS xvii
20 Lifestyle,
diet, and disease: comparative perspectives on the determinants of
chronic health risks
265
William R. Leonard
Introduction
265
Evolutionary energetics
265
Influence of lifestyle change on daily energy expenditure
267
How changes in lifestyle influence energy intake and diet composition
269
Energy intake
269
Macronutrient composition
270
Health consequences of energy and nutritional imbalances
271
Obesity
271
Chronic metabolic disorders
274
Summary
275
Acknowledgments
276
21
Cancer: evolutionary origins of vulnerability
277
Mel Greaves
Introduction: a risky species?
277
Evolutionary basis of vulnerability to cancer
278
The proximate mechanisms
278
Some evolutionary ground rules
279
Lack of perfection in evolutionary engineering
279
Evolutionary adaptation has 'no eyes to the future'
282
Skin cancer
283
Breast and prostate cancer
283
Childhood leukemia
283
The inevitability of natural selection
284
The only evolutionary currency is reproductive success
285
Implications
286
Summary
287
Acknowledgments
287
22
Cancer as a microevolutionary process
289
Natalia L.
Komárova
and
Dominik
Wodarz
The concept of somatic evolution as a way of thinking about cancer
289
Cancer: a disease of the
DNA 289
Cancer initiation and chromosomal instability
291
Multistage carcinogenesis of colon cancer
291
Genetic instability
291
Quantitative model of chromosome loss and genetic instability
292
Optimal (for cancer) rate of chromosome loss
293
What is the reason for
CIN?
294
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and resistance against small molecule inhibitors
295
Some facts about CML treatment
295
The computational strategy
296
xviii CONTENTS
Emergence
of resistant cells
296
Cancer turnover and the emergence of resistance
297
Combination therapy: strategies to prevent resistance
298
Conclusions
299
23
The evolutionary context of human aging and degenerative disease
301
Steven
N.
Austad and Caleb E. Finch
Introduction
301
Aging as a by-product of selection for reproductive performance
302
Genes and aging
304
Apolipoprotein
E
305
Growth hormone/insulin/insulin-like growth factor
1 307
Summary
311
Acknowledgments
311
References
313
Index
365 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Stearns, Stephen C. 1946- Koella, Jacob C. 1958- |
| author2_role | edt edt |
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| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Biologie Medizin |
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| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV035318744 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-14T00:52:17Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0199207453 9780199207459 0199207461 9780199207466 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2007033610 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017123355 |
| oclc_num | 165048901 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 DE-384 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 DE-384 |
| physical | xxi, 374 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Oxford biology |
| spelling | Evolution in health and disease edited by Stephen C. Stearns and Jacob C. Koella Second edition Oxford Oxford University Press 2008 xxi, 374 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford biology Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Medical genetics Human evolution Diseases Causes and theories of causation Evolution, Molecular Disease Health Krankheit (DE-588)4032844-2 gnd rswk-swf Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd rswk-swf Krankheit (DE-588)4032844-2 s Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 s DE-604 Stearns, Stephen C. 1946- (DE-588)135807174 edt Koella, Jacob C. 1958- (DE-588)1089224680 edt http://digitool.hbz-nrw.de:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=2266034&custom_att_2=simple_viewer Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017123355&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Evolution in health and disease Medical genetics Human evolution Diseases Causes and theories of causation Evolution, Molecular Disease Health Krankheit (DE-588)4032844-2 gnd Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4032844-2 (DE-588)4071050-6 |
| title | Evolution in health and disease |
| title_auth | Evolution in health and disease |
| title_exact_search | Evolution in health and disease |
| title_full | Evolution in health and disease edited by Stephen C. Stearns and Jacob C. Koella |
| title_fullStr | Evolution in health and disease edited by Stephen C. Stearns and Jacob C. Koella |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution in health and disease edited by Stephen C. Stearns and Jacob C. Koella |
| title_short | Evolution in health and disease |
| title_sort | evolution in health and disease |
| topic | Medical genetics Human evolution Diseases Causes and theories of causation Evolution, Molecular Disease Health Krankheit (DE-588)4032844-2 gnd Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Medical genetics Human evolution Diseases Causes and theories of causation Evolution, Molecular Disease Health Krankheit Evolution |
| url | http://digitool.hbz-nrw.de:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=2266034&custom_att_2=simple_viewer http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017123355&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stearnsstephenc evolutioninhealthanddisease AT koellajacobc evolutioninhealthanddisease |
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