Cholera toxins:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2009
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 321 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540884513 9783540884514 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV035311868 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20090409 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 090214s2009 gw ad|| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 015 | |a 08,N46,0671 |2 dnb | ||
| 016 | 7 | |a 991011899 |2 DE-101 | |
| 020 | |a 3540884513 |9 3-540-88451-3 | ||
| 020 | |a 9783540884514 |c Gb. : EUR 149.75 (freier Pr.), sfr 232.50 (freier Pr.) |9 978-3-540-88451-4 | ||
| 024 | 3 | |a 9783540884514 | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a 12177899 |
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)276649122 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)DNB991011899 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakddb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a gw |c XA-DE-BE | ||
| 049 | |a DE-355 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a RC126 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 579.33165 |2 22 | |
| 084 | |a XD 6800 |0 (DE-625)152587: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a YD 3600 |0 (DE-625)153303:12905 |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a 610 |2 sdnb | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Chaudhuri, Keya |d 1952- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)137364636 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Cholera toxins |c Keya Chaudhuri ; Smriti N. Chatterjee |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 321 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Vibrio cholerae - Toxin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cholera Toxin | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cholera toxin | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Vibrio cholerae |0 (DE-588)4320038-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Toxin |0 (DE-588)4127018-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Vibrio cholerae |0 (DE-588)4320038-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Toxin |0 (DE-588)4127018-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chatterjee, Smriti N. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-3-540-88452-1 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017116599&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017116599 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138616438390784 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1 An
Introduction
to
Cholera........................................................................ 1
1.1
Nature of the Disease
............................................................................ 1
1.2
Epidemics and Pandemics
.................................................................... 1
1.3
Causation of the Disease
...................................................................... 3
1.4
Treatment Basics
.................................................................................. 3
2
Bacterial Toxins: A Brief Overview
........................................................... 5
2.1
Introduction
.......................................................................................... 5
2.2
Different Types of Toxins
..................................................................... 5
2.3
Bacterial Endotoxins: A General Introduction
..................................... 6
2.4
Bacterial Exotoxins: A General Introduction
....................................... 8
2.4.1
Extracellularly Acting Toxins
................................................... 8
2.4.2
Intracellularly Acting Toxins
.................................................... 9
2.4.3
Toxins Whose Mechanisms of Action Are Not
Well Defined
............................................................................. 10
2.5
Toxins of Vibrio cholerae
..................................................................... 11
3
Vibrio cholerae, the Causative Organism
................................................... 13
3.1
Introduction
.......................................................................................... 13
3.2
Classification and Identification
........................................................... 13
3.3
Subtyping
.............................................................................................. 15
3.3.1
Serogroups
................................................................................ 15
3.3.2
Serotypes
................................................................................... 15
3.3.3
Biotypes
.................................................................................... 16
3.3.4
Phage Types
.............................................................................. 17
3.4
Molecular Subtyping
............................................................................ 17
3.4.1
Plasmid Profile Analysis
........................................................... 17
3.4.2
RFLP Analysis of etc Genes
..................................................... 17
3.4.3
RFLP Analysis of the rRNA Genes
.......................................... 18
3.4.4 DNA
or Gene Probes
................................................................ 18
3.4.5
Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis
(MEE)
Types
.................. 19
3.4.6
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)
................................ 20
3.5
Growth Requirements and Characteristics
........................................... 20
Contents
3.6
Ultrastructure
of the Cell
.................................................................. 21
3.6.1
Pili
(Fimbriae)
...................................................................... 22
3.7
Cholera Bacteriophages
.................................................................... 24
3.8
Genetics of V. cholerae: An Outline of Some Relevant Areas
......... 27
Endotoxin of Vibrio cholerae: Physical and Chemical
Characterization
...................................................................................... 33
4.1
Introduction
...................................................................................... 33
4.2
LPS of V. cholerae: Site of Occurrence
............................................ 34
4.3
Extracellular LPS
.............................................................................. 34
4.4
Chemical Composition of
Lipid
A
................................................... 37
4.5
Chemical Structure of
Lipid
A
......................................................... 38
4.6
S-Deoxy-D-Manno-Octolusonic Acid
(Kdo)
................................... 39
4.7
Core-PS: Chemical Constituents
...................................................... 41
4.7.1
Ol Vibrios
............................................................................ 41
4.7.2
Non-Ol Vibrios
.................................................................... 41
4.8
Core-PS: Chemical Structure
........................................................... 42
4.9
О
-PS:
Chemical Constituents
........................................................... 44
4.9.1 01
Vibrios
............................................................................ 44
4.9.2
Non-Ol Vibrios
.................................................................... 44
4.10
О
-PS:
Chemical Structure
................................................................ 46
4.11
The
Capsular
Polysaccharide (CPS)
................................................. 49
4.11.1
Colony Morphology and CPS
............................................. 49
4.11.2
CPS: Site of Occurrence
..................................................... 50
4.11.3
CPS: Sugar Composition
.................................................... 51
4.11.4
CPS: Chemical Structure
.................................................... 51
4.12
Emerging Research Trends and Future Possibilities
........................ 53
Endotoxin of Vibrio cholerae: Genetics of Biosynthesis
......................... 55
5.1
Introduction
........................................................................................ 55
5.2
Lipid
A
................................................................................................ 56
5.3
Core-PS
............................................................................................... 56
5.4
О
-Antigen
Polysaccharide
(О
-PS)
of V. cholerae
.............................. 60
5.4.1
V. cholerae Ol
......................................................................... 60
5.4.2
V. cholerae
0139..................................................................... 64
5.4.3
V. cholerae of Serogroups Non-01 Non-0139
....................... 69
5.5
Progenitor of V. cholerae
O139
.......................................................... 75
5.6
Genesis of
O139
О
-PS
Gene Cluster
.................................................. 76
5.7
Concluding Remarks
.......................................................................... 77
Endotoxin of Vibrio cholerae: Biological Functions
............................... 81
6.1
Introduction
........................................................................................ 81
6.2
Endotoxic Activities
........................................................................... 82
6.2.1
Role of
Lipid
A
....................................................................... 82
6.2.2
Roles of Particular Constituent Chemical Groups
.................. 82
6.2.3
Effect on Cell Morphology
..................................................... 83
Contents xi
6.2.4
Effect on Neutrophil Chemotaxis
......................................... 84
6.2.5
Effect on Hemagglutinating Activity of Bacterial Cells
....... 84
6.3
Antigenic Properties
.......................................................................... 84
6.4
Immunological Responses
................................................................ 86
6.4.1
Vibriocidal Antibody Level and Immunity
........................... 86
6.4.2
Monoclonal Antibodies
......................................................... 87
6.4.3
Immunoglobulin Subclasses
................................................. 89
6.4.4
Antibody Assay for Encapsulated Cells
............................... 90
6.4.5
Synthetic Oligosaccharides
................................................... 90
6.5
Role in the Intestinal Adhesion and Virulence of the Vibrios
.......... 92
6.6
LPS as Phage Receptor
..................................................................... 94
6.7
Biofilm
Formation and the Structure of LPS
.................................... 96
6.8
Capsular
Polysaccharide (CPS)
........................................................ 99
6.9
Concluding Remarks
......................................................................... 100
6.9.1
Recognition of LPS and Activation of the Innate
Immunity of the Host
............................................................ 100
6.9.2
Serogroup Surveillance and Monitoring
............................... 100
6.9.3
LPS and Cholera Vaccine
...................................................... 102
7
Cholera Toxin (CT): Structure
............................................................... 105
7.1
Introduction
....................................................................................... 105
7.2
Isolation and Purification
.................................................................. 106
7.3
Primary Structures of CT and LT
...................................................... 107
7.4
Structures of CT and LT from
Х
-Ray Crystallography
.................... 109
7.4.1
В
Monomer and Pentamer
.................................................... 112
7.4.2
Al
Fragment of the
A Subunit
.............................................. 114
7.4.3
A2 Fragment of the
A Subunit
.............................................. 115
7.5
Receptor Binding
.............................................................................. 115
7.6
Structure at the Binding Site
............................................................. 117
7.7
Structural Basis of
Toxicity
............................................................... 118
7.8
Structure-Based Inhibitor (Drag) Design: Possible Approaches
...... 122
8
Cholera Toxin (CT): Organization and Function
of the Relevant Genetic Elements
........................................................... 125
8.1
Introduction
....................................................................................... 125
8.2
The CTX Genetic Element
................................................................ 126
8.3
Cloning and Sequencing of the ctxAB Operon
................................. 127
8.4
CTX Genetic Element Belongs to a Filamentous
Bacteriophage
................................................................................... 128
8.5
The
СТХф
Genome
.......................................................................... 129
8.5.1
The Core Region
................................................................... 129
8.5.2
RS2 Region
........................................................................... 130
8.6
RSI Element: The Flanking Region
................................................. 130
8.7
TLC:
Another Upstream Element
..................................................... 131
8.8
Variation of CTXf Among Classical, El Tor,
O139,
and Non-Ol Non-0139 Strains
........................................................ 131
xii Contents
8.8.1 Variation in
Copy Number and Location Within
Chromosome
......................................................................... 131
8.8.2
Variation in Sequence of rstR and Ig-2
................................. 132
8.8.3
Variation in the Integration Site
............................................ 132
8.8.4
Variation in the Flanking Region
.......................................... 132
8.8.5
Production of Infectious Particles
......................................... 134
8.9
Overview of
СТХф
Biology
............................................................. 134
8.9.1
Infection of
СТХф
.............................................................. 134
8.9.2
Integration of
СТХф
......................................................... 135
8.9.3
Replication of the
СТХф
Genome
........................................ 135
8.9.4
СТХф
Gene Expression
........................................................ 136
8.9.5
Assembly and Secretion of
СТХф
....................................... 136
8.10
The Vibrio Pathogenicity Island-
1
(VPI-1)
....................................... 137
8.11
Toxin-Coregulated
Pili
(TCP)
........................................................... 139
8.12
Other Horizontally Acquired Gene Clusters
..................................... 142
8.12.1
VPI-2
................................................................................... 142
8.12.2
VSP-I and VSP-II Islands
................................................... 143
9
Cholera Toxin (CT): Regulation of the Relevant Virulence Genes
..... 147
9.1
Introduction
....................................................................................... 147
9.2
Modulation of Cholera Toxin Expression
by Environmental Factors
................................................................. 148
9.3
The Regulation of Virulence: An Overview
..................................... 149
9.4
The ToxR Regulon
............................................................................ 150
9.5
ToxT-Dependent Transcription
......................................................... 151
9.6
Regulation of ToxT Transcription
..................................................... 156
9.7
Transcriptional Regulation
oÏtcpPH
................................................ 158
9.8
Direct Transcription of ompU and ompTby ToxR
........................... 159
9.9
Environmental Regulation of tcpPH Transcription
.......................... 160
9.9.1
Osmolarity
............................................................................. 161
9.9.2
Temperature
.......................................................................... 161
9.9.3
Quorum Sensing
.................................................................... 161
9.9.4
Glucose Availability
.............................................................. 164
10
Cholera Toxin (CT): Secretion by the Vibrios
....................................... 165
10.1
Introduction
..................................................................................... 165
10.2
Early Electron Microscopic Enquiries
............................................ 165
10.3
The Secretion Mechanism: An Overview
....................................... 167
10.4
Translocation
Across the Inner Membrane
..................................... 168
10.5
Protein Folding in the Periplasm
..................................................... 169
10.6
Secretion Across the Outer Membrane
........................................... 172
10.6.1
Genetics of the Extracellular Protein Secretion
(Eps)
Apparatus
.......................................................................... 172
10.6.2
Molecular Architecture of the Secretory Machinery
........ 174
10.6.3
The Inner Membrane Complex
......................................... 176
Contents xiii
10.6.4
The Pseudopilus
................................................................ 177
10.6.5
The Outer Membrane Complex
........................................ 181
10.6.6
TheT2SS System: A Summary
........................................ 182
10.6.7
Targeting Signals for the
Translocation
of CT
Through the OM
............................................................... 183
11
Cholera Toxin (CT): Entry and Retrograde Trafficking
into the Epithelial Cell
............................................................................. 185
11.1
Introduction
..................................................................................... 185
11.2
Attachment to the Cell Membrane
.................................................. 186
11.3
Endocytosis
..................................................................................... 187
11.4
Retrograde Trafficking to the Golgi Complex
and Endoplasmic Reticulum
........................................................... 189
11.5
Unfolding of
СТА
1
and Its
Translocation
to the Cytosol
............... 191
11.6
Reactions in the Cytosol Leading to the Activation
of Adenylate Cyclase, Chloride Channel Outpouring,
and Diarrhea
.................................................................................... 193
12
Cholera Toxin (CT): Immune Response of the Host
and Vaccine Production
........................................................................... 199
12.1
Introduction
..................................................................................... 199
12.2
Protective Immunity by Anti-CT
.................................................... 199
12.3 Immunomodulation
by Cholera Toxin (CT)
................................... 201
12.3.1
Adjuvant Properties of CT
................................................ 201
12.3.2
Adjuvant Properties of
В
SubunitsofCT
......................... 203
12.3.3
Adjuvant Properties of Nontoxic
Derivatives of CT
.............................................................. 203
12.3.4
Mechanism of Adjuvant Activity of CT
........................... 204
12.4
Role of Cholera Toxin (CT) in the Preparation of Vaccines
........... 205
12.4.1
Background Knowledge
.................................................... 205
12.4.2
The Vaccine Strains
........................................................... 206
12.5
Where Do We Stand Now?
............................................................. 211
13
Other Toxins of Vibrio
cholerne
.............................................................. 213
13.1
Introduction
..................................................................................... 213
13.2
Zonula Occludens Toxin
(Zot)
........................................................ 214
13.2.1
Zonula Occludens (ZO)
.................................................... 214
13.2.2
Discovery of
Zot
............................................................... 215
13.2.3
Properties of
Zot
............................................................... 216
13.2.4
Genetics
............................................................................. 218
13.2.5
The
Zot
Receptors
............................................................. 219
13.2.6
Applications of
Zot
........................................................... 220
13.3
Accessory Cholera Enterotoxin (Ace)
............................................ 221
13.3.1
Discovery of Ace
.............................................................. 221
13.3.2
The ace Gene and the Encoded Protein
............................ 222
xiv
Contents
13.3.3
Purification of Ace
............................................................ 223
13.3.4
Mode of Action of Ace
..................................................... 224
13.4
Hemolysin
....................................................................................... 225
13.4.1
The Gene and the Encoded Protein
................................... 225
13.4.2
Protein Purification and the Crystal Structure
.................. 226
13.4.3
Biological Activity
............................................................ 227
13.5
Repeats in Toxin (RTX)
.................................................................. 229
13.5.1
Discovery of RTX
............................................................. 229
13.5.2
Organization of the RTX Locus
........................................ 229
13.5.3
Structural Features of RtxA
.............................................. 230
13.5.4
Secretion of RTX Toxin from V.
cholerne
......................... 231
13.5.5
Mode of Action of RTX Toxin
.......................................... 233
13.6
Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cell Elongation
Factor (Cef)
..................................................................................... 236
13.6.1
Purification, Stability, and Biological Activity
................. 236
13.6.2
Cloning of the ce/Gene and the Encoded Protein
............ 237
13.7
New Cholera Toxin (NCT)
.............................................................. 237
13.8
Shiga-Like Toxin (SLT)
.................................................................. 238
13.9
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin (TDH)
......................................... 239
13.10
Heat-Stable Enterotoxin of Nonagglutinable Vibrios
(NAG-ST)
........................................................................................ 239
13.10.1
Discovery
........................................................................ 239
13.10.2
Purification of NAG-ST
.................................................. 240
13.10.3
Amino
Acid Sequence of NAG-ST
................................. 240
13.10.4
Cloning and Sequencing of the stn Gene
Encoding NAG-ST
.......................................................................... 241
13.10.5
Mode of Action of NAG-ST
........................................... 242
13.11
Toxin WO7
...................................................................................... 242
13.11.1
Discovery
........................................................................ 242
13.11.2
Purification of WO7 Toxin
.............................................. 243
13.11.3
Biological Activity
.......................................................... 243
14
Concluding Notes
..................................................................................... 245
14.
í
An Introspection
.............................................................................. 245
Appendix
........................................................................................................... 249
References
......................................................................................................... 267
Index
.................................................................................................................. 311
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Chaudhuri, Keya 1952- Chatterjee, Smriti N. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)137364636 |
| author_facet | Chaudhuri, Keya 1952- Chatterjee, Smriti N. |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Chaudhuri, Keya 1952- |
| author_variant | k c kc s n c sn snc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035311868 |
| callnumber-first | R - Medicine |
| callnumber-label | RC126 |
| callnumber-raw | RC126 |
| callnumber-search | RC126 |
| callnumber-sort | RC 3126 |
| callnumber-subject | RC - Internal Medicine |
| classification_rvk | XD 6800 YD 3600 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)276649122 (DE-599)DNB991011899 |
| dewey-full | 579.33165 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 579 - Microorganisms, fungi & algae |
| dewey-raw | 579.33165 |
| dewey-search | 579.33165 |
| dewey-sort | 3579.33165 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie Medizin |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV035311868 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:31:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540884513 9783540884514 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017116599 |
| oclc_num | 276649122 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | XIV, 321 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Chaudhuri, Keya 1952- Verfasser (DE-588)137364636 aut Cholera toxins Keya Chaudhuri ; Smriti N. Chatterjee Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2009 XIV, 321 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Vibrio cholerae - Toxin Cholera Toxin Cholera toxin Vibrio cholerae (DE-588)4320038-2 gnd rswk-swf Toxin (DE-588)4127018-6 gnd rswk-swf Vibrio cholerae (DE-588)4320038-2 s Toxin (DE-588)4127018-6 s DE-604 Chatterjee, Smriti N. Verfasser aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-540-88452-1 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017116599&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Chaudhuri, Keya 1952- Chatterjee, Smriti N. Cholera toxins Vibrio cholerae - Toxin Cholera Toxin Cholera toxin Vibrio cholerae (DE-588)4320038-2 gnd Toxin (DE-588)4127018-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4320038-2 (DE-588)4127018-6 |
| title | Cholera toxins |
| title_auth | Cholera toxins |
| title_exact_search | Cholera toxins |
| title_full | Cholera toxins Keya Chaudhuri ; Smriti N. Chatterjee |
| title_fullStr | Cholera toxins Keya Chaudhuri ; Smriti N. Chatterjee |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cholera toxins Keya Chaudhuri ; Smriti N. Chatterjee |
| title_short | Cholera toxins |
| title_sort | cholera toxins |
| topic | Vibrio cholerae - Toxin Cholera Toxin Cholera toxin Vibrio cholerae (DE-588)4320038-2 gnd Toxin (DE-588)4127018-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Vibrio cholerae - Toxin Cholera Toxin Cholera toxin Vibrio cholerae Toxin |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017116599&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chaudhurikeya choleratoxins AT chatterjeesmritin choleratoxins |