American firms in Europe: 1880 - 1980 ; strategy, identity, perception and performance
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
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2009
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale
23 |
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| Beschreibung: | 699 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9782600012591 |
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MARC
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| 490 | 1 | |a Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale |v 23 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138607490891776 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
FIRST PART
INTRODUCTIVE
ISSUES
CHAPTER
1
American
companies in Europe: issues and perspectives
....... 9
Hubert
Bonin
&
Ferry
de Goey
1.
Convergence, Americanization, and Europeanization
....... 11
2.
Europe within the scope of American firms strategy of foreign
investment
........................................ 17
The chronological trend
............................. 17
The Europeanization of us firms
...................... 20
3.
Research issues
..................................... 24
Strategy
......................................... 24
Structures
&
Identity
............................... 24
Reception
........................................ 24
Performance
...................................... 25
4.
The contributions: a short Survey
...................... 25
Introductive
Challenges
............................. 25
Case studies in a few countries
....................... 26
Industries and institutions
.......................... 28
American firms and European unification
............... 31
5.
Concluding remarks
................................. 32
CHAPTER
2
US business in Europe: an American perspective
............. 35
Mira Wilkins
1.
The time dimension
................................. 38
2.
US Business offerings in Europe
....................... 45
3.
Variations by individual European host countries
.......... 51
4.
Issues about the adaptability
.......................... 56
5.
Are outward foreign direct investments a sign of strength? And
inward foreign direct investments a sign of weakness?
....... 63
Conclusion
......................................... 65
688
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECOND PART
CASE STUDIES IN A FEW COUNTRIES
CHAPTER
3
First American firms coming to France
(from the 1900s to the
1930s)............................. 71
Hubert
Bonin
1.
Direct investments: taking profit of the technological edge
... 74
2.
American firms cloaked as French companies
............. 83
A. The significant cases of Thomson-Houston (from
1893)
and Schneider-Westinghouse (from
1929).............. 85
B. ІТТ
disguised into the French firm CgcT
.............. 88
C. French bankers promoting Standard Oil
.............. 89
D. A first discreet step on consumer markets
............ 93
3.
Moves between independency and partnership:
Kodak and Ford
.................................... 93
A. Kodak adapted to the French market
................ 93
B. The move of Ford toward French embeddedness
........ 94
4.
Indirect bridgeheads of technical advance:
Transfers of technology
............................... 95
Conclusion
..........................................101
CHAPTER
4
The case of US companies in Switzerland
..................105
Margrit
Muller
1.
Direct investments and the international competitiveness of firms
and nations
.......................................106
2.
Quantitative analyses of US direct investments in Switzerland
108
3.
US companies in Switzerland
.........................110
A. US companies during an early period:
1901-1975.......
Ill
B. US investment during the period
1976-2003...........114
4.
Industry and case studies of US companies in Switzerland.
. .. 119
A. The US petroleum industry in Switzerland
...........120
B. The automobile industry and the case of General Motors in
Switzerland
....................................120
C. The computer and it industry and the case of
Івм
......121
D.
US companies in highly competitive branches of the host
country
.......................................123
a. The case of Bulova watches.
........................123
b. Chemicals-pharmaceuticals and the case of Cilag
........124
с
US finance and insurance in Swizerland
...............126
Conclusion
................
é
.........................127
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
689
CHAPTER
5
Investing in a developing economy: US and European direct
investments in Italy
(1915-1970)...........................129
Andrea
Colli
1.
Research issues and methodology
.......................130
2.
Background, existing research and available sources
.........131
3.
American Fdis in Italy on the eve of WWI
................133
4.
Between the two wars
................................137
5.
The evolution of American investments after WWII
........140
6.
Problems and issues about American investments in Italy
.... 146
CHAPTER
6
US Multinationals in the Netherlands in the 20th century:
The open gate to Europe
...............................149
Ferry
de
Goey
&
Ben Wubs
1.
Dutch-American relations: a short history
................151
2.
Overview of US investments in the Netherlands
...........157
A. US direct investment by sector and region
............161
B. US direct investment by strategy
....................163
3.
Case-studies: Ford,
Івм,
and Dow.
.......................165
A. Ford Netherlands
...............................165
B. Івм
in the Netherlands
...........................169
С
Dow Chemical in The Netherlands
.................175
Conclusion
..........................................181
CHAPTER
7
US Investments in Spain
(1898-2005)......................185
Enrique
de
Miguel Fernandez
&
Vicente Sanz
Rozalén
1.
The first US investments (till WWI)
.....................186
2.
Booming American investments (1920S-1930S)
.............189
3.
American Investments from the
1940s...................191
4.
The impact of American firms on the Spanish economy
.....198
5.
Sectoral developments of American companies in Spain
......200
CHAPTER
8
Foreign direct investment, economic aid and modernization:
US firms in Spain
(1920-1975)............................209
Adoración Alvaro Moya
1.
The first wave of American investments
(1914-1936)........211
2.
Instability, withdrawals and business opportunities
(19364950)........................................218
3.
The American challenge
(1950-1975)?..................220
Conclusion
.........................................227
690
TABLE OP CONTENTS
CHAPTER
9
US Investments in Denmark,
1945-1972.
An overview with focus on motives and attitudes
............229
Peter Sorensen
& Kenn Tarbensen
1.
US Investments in Denmark before
1957.................230
A. US Investments in Denmark before World War II
......230
B. US Investments in Denmark in the European context,
1945-1956......................................231
C. Kraft Foods: a milestone in
1956....................234
2.
Danish incentives to attract foreign investments in
1957-1972 . 235
A. The big campaign in
1957.........................235
B. Incentives in the
1960s............................238
3.
US Investments in Denmark in
1957-1972................239
A. Numbers and sizes: an overview
....................239
B. Lines of US business in Denmark
...................241
4.
US Investments in selected sectors
......................242
A. US Investments in car industry
.....................242
B. US Investments in oil, refineries and service stations
.... 245
C. US Investments in the service sector
.................252
D. US Investments in the food industry
................255
E. US Investments in the cosmetics industry
.............260
5.
Motives and attitudes of the US investors in Denmark
.......263
A. The motives of the US Investors: typical examples
......263
B. The motives of Danish owners who sold their firm
.....271
C. The attitudes of the Danish government and authorities
. 272
D. The attitudes of Danish business organisations
and trade unions
.................................274
Conclusion
..........................................276
THIRD PART
INDUSTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS
CHAPTER
10
The Singer Company in Russia,
1897-1917..................283
Irina Potkina
1.
The beginning of Singer s activity in Russia
...............284
2.
The creation of Russian Singer Company
.................285
3.
The main results of Singer s activity
..................... 287
4.
Singer s sales network and advertising
...................289
5.
Singer s public image
................................292
6.
The Company caught between Russian-American reality
and its perception as German
..........................295
Conclusion
..........................................297
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
691
CHAPTER
11
American
multinationals in British retailing,
1850-1962:
Performance and identity
................................299
Andrew Godley
1.
Mapping the performance of American multinationals
in British retailing
...................................301
A. American investment into food
....................303
B. American investment into clothing
..................304
C. American investment into confectionery, tobacconists
and newsagents
..................................305
D. American investment into other retail activities
........307
2.
Entry strategies and the British retail environment
.........309
A. American investment into showcase retailers
..........312
B. American investment into distributors of novel durables
. 312
C. American retailers
...............................313
3.
The outliers: The Anglicization of Singer and Woolworths
... 315
A. The case of Singer
...............................315
B. The case of Woolworth s
..........................317
Conclusion
..........................................318
CHAPTER
12
The limits of American multinationals in consumer goods: The case
of automobile and consumer electronics in France
(1892-1992). . 321
Patrick
Fridenson
1.
Direct investment
...................................322
A. Consumer electronics
...........................322
a. Thomson
......................................322
b. Washing machines
...............................323
с
Refrigerators
...................................324
d. TV sets
........................................325
B. Automobile
....................................325
a. French calls for help
..............................325
b. The initiatives of the Big Three
.....................326
с
Ford and GM return as components and parts
manufacturers
..................................328
2.
Influence by other means
.............................329
A. Exports
......................................329
B. Licensing
.....................................329
C. Joint ventures and tie-ups
.........................332
D. Channels of reception
............................334
a. Banks
.........................................334
b, Engineers
......................................335
Conclusion
.........................................335
692
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
13
Coping with Cooperative Capitalism : Procter
&
Gamble s
market entry in Germany in the
1960s.....................339
Suzanne Hilger
1.
The history of American fdi in Germany
.................341
2.
Germany last ? Procter
&
Gamble s foreign business in Europe
before and in the aftermath of WWII
....................344
3.
Strategy and Structure: P&G s Market Entry in Germany.
. . . 348
4.
Perception: American Market Behaviour from a German
Perspective
........................................352
5.
Reception: The transfer of American marketing strategies to
Germany
..........................................356
6.
Performance at Deutsche P&G
.........................359
Conclusion
..........................................361
CHAPTER
14
Anglo-American relations and the co-production of American
hegemony in pharmaceuticals
...........................363
Viviane
Quirke
1.
American hegemony and the British pharmaceutical industry
365
A. American versus British
..........................366
B. American subsidiaries and the British pharmaceutical
industry
.......................................368
2.
Drug discovery and Anglo-American relations in the twentieth
century
...........................................371
A. Before
1939:
vitamins and hormones
. ...............371
B. Anglo-American collaborative programmes in
pharmaceuticals during WWII.
.....................373
a. The case of synthetic anti-malarials
..................374
b. The case of cortisone
.............................374
с
The case of anti-cancer agents
.......................374
d. The case of Penicillin
.............................375
3.
The special relationship , or collaboration and competition in
pharmaceuticals post-WWII
...........................376
A. A typical case study? Glaxo and the development of
corticosteroid drugs
..............................377
B. A
special case study?
Ici
and the development
of the beta-blockers
..............................379
a. Forged by war: Id s Pharmaceutical Division
..........380
b. The American model and the building of Alderley Park
380
с
A departure from the American model ? The beta-blockers
381
d. A twist in the tale? ffi-antagonists at SK&F
...........382
Conclusion
..........................................383
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
693
CHAPTER
15
AmCham Spain and the transformation of Spanish business,
1917-2007.............................................385
José-Luis García-Ruiz
&
Núria Púig
1.
Cotton: The commodity underlying Spanish-American economic
relations throughout the 20th century
...................387
2.
Giving support to Spanish-US trade: AmCham Spain
(1917-1923) 388
3.
Innovating in troubled times: lobbying, arbitration, advertising,
and tourism
(1923-1930)..............................390
4.
The search for a comparative advantage during the Great
Depression
(1930-1939)...............................392
5.
Americanization in Franco s Spain
(1939-1975)............393
6.
Rise and decline of AmCham Spain in the post-war Franquist
regime
(1939-1960)..................................397
A. Looking at the United States with hope
(1939-1944)___397
B. Troubled years
(1945-1950)........................398
C. AmCham and the economic normalization of Spain
(1950-1959).....................................400
D. AmCham and the European re-orientation of Spanish trade
by the Franquist regime
(1960-1975).................402
6.
Spain s final Europeanization and AmCham s crisis
(1975-2005) 403
Conclusion
..........................................406
CHAPTER
16
The history of the Paris American Chamber of Commerce
(1894-1994)............................................411
Arthur Higbee
1.
The creation of the American Chamber of Commerce
(1894) . 411
2.
Closer French-American relationship (till
1893)............412
3.
A growing influence
(1895-1913)........................414
4.
War and peace
(1914-1945)............................416
5.
Pax Americana
(1946-1960)............................419
6.
Dealing with a new Europe
(1961-1970)..................422
7.
Branching out
(1971-1979)............................424
8.
Global reach
(1990-1994)..............................428
CHAPTER
17
The case of US companies in Russia-UssR: Ford in
ШОѕ-ШОѕ
. 435
Boris Shpotov
1.
The first acquaintance
................................435
2.
Fordism and Socialism
..............................438
3.
Difficult adhesion to fordism
..........................441
Conclusion
..........................................446
694
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOURTH PART
AMERICAN FIRMS CONFRONTED TO
EUROPEAN UNIFICATION
CHAPTER
18
Ford s strategy towards European integration after World War II
459
Thierry Grosbois
1.
Ford s industrial strategy and post-War European integration
. 460
A. Ford in Europe before the Treaty of Rome
............460
B. The Common Market, Ford of Europe,
and the Europeanization of Ford s networks
...........462
2.
The political role played by the Ford Foundation in Europe
. . 470
A. Ford Foundation help towards European movements
before
1956.....................................470
Б.
Ford Foundation s European aid after
1956
Budapest
revolution
......................................478
Conclusion
..........................................481
CHAPTER
19
How to deal with
internationalisation
strategies of US business?
The reception of Ford by British and German trade unions
(1967-1973)............................................485
Thomas Fetzer
1.
Conceptual framework: International labour market
........486
2.
Ford s path to international business integration: The creation of
Ford of Europe
.....................................489
3.
The perception of Ford s
internationalisation
by German and
British trade unions
..................................491
A. The German case
...............................492
B. The United Kingdom case
.........................495
4.
The diverging dynamics of inter-nationalisation
............498
Conclusion
..........................................500
CHAPTER
20
American business spreading modernity into France.
Equipment goods and mass brands. Strategies, identity and
perception (from the
1940s
to the
1980s)....................503
Hubert
Bonin
1.
Power and perception: The technological brand image of
American companies (from the
1950s
to the
1980s).........508
A. The American company and European progress:
The making of a brand image
......................508
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
695
B.
The penetration of the technological brand images
(in the 1940S-1950S)
................................510
C. The triumph of the innovating brand (in the 1960S-1970S)
512
D. The corporate identity: displaying the power of the
American groups
................................516
2.
A tidal wave of marketing and publicity know-how:
The spread of the American way of life and of modernity
(from the
1950s
to the
1980s)..........................522
A. Promoting the American brand of comfort
...........523
B. Promoting the American brand of hygiene
............526
C. Promoting American lifestyle at home
...............529
D. Promoting American lifestyle out of the home
........534
3.
Efficiency and productivity: American corporations modernizing
and reorganizing French firms
.........................538
A. American corporations advising French companies
.....538
B. American corporations modernizing
and reorganizing French office
......................542
C. American corporations modernizing and reorganizing
labour in French companies
........................545
4.
American corporations rushing to French market
..........546
A. Did the Americans penetrate the French colonial
territories?
.....................................546
B. The commercial consolidation of American firms
......548
C. Tactical alliances between American
and French companies?
...........................550
a. Strong partnerships for the franchisees
................550
b. The multiplication of ad hoc manufacturing partnerships
551
D. The consolidation of American industries
............557
a. The assault of the American chemical industry
.........560
b. American power in the engineering industry
..........561
с
The consolidation of the engineering and automobile
industries in the 1960S-1970S
.......................566
d. The success of the American system in the electromechanical
industries
......................................570
E. A
chronology which went in step with the restructuring
of the markets
. . . /...............................572
5.
An estimate of the American economic clout in France in the
years 19504970s
....................................575
A. The domination of key sectors in the
1960s...........575
B. The increase in the penetration during the
1970s.......579
6.
Anti-American sentiments versus the attraction for American
brands
.. ;.........................................580
A. The first anti-American moves?
....................581
696
TABLE OF CONTENTS
B. Some anti-American action?
.......................583
C. Building challengers capable of standing up
to the American giants
............................590
D. Building European challengers
.....................593
7.
Reaching honourable Franco-American compromises
.......594
A. Opening France up to American investments
..........594
B. The co-operation with
Westinghouse
................597
C.
The Ge-Snecma co-operation
......................598
D. American enterprises as saviors of French companies?
. . . 600
8.
Tactics employed by American companies to anchor themselves
in more firmly
.....................................606
A. Subsidiaries being mere tools
......................607
B. Subsidiaries endowed with room for commercial
maneuvering
...................................609
C. Subsidiaries developing strong personalities
...........612
D. Companies being as much French as American?
.......615
a. Esso
France as part of French industrial heritage?
.......616
b.
ІТТ
as a French company
..........................616
с
Івм
as a French company
..........................620
9.
American firms and their French corporate image
..........626
A. American enterprises and the French social system
.....626
B. Corporate communication campaigns
................630
C. Respecting French sensibilities: Superiority
tempered with modesty
.........................633
D. American firms as a leverage of a more modern France
. . 636
E. The clash of corporate cultures: a Frenchification
of American enterprises?
.....................:.... 639
F. Frenchmen at the head of American corporations?
......641
Conclusion
..........................................642
Concluding remarks
....................................649
1.
An easy US penetration?
..........................649
2.
Chronological aspects: Only a stage in
european
history?
652
3.
American firms as
european
corporations
.............653
4.
American firms might reconsidered
.................655
5.
Is ownership and nationality still relevant through
globalisation?
...................................658
The contributors
.......................................661
Index of persons
....................................... 669
Index of companies
...............,.....................675
Acknowledgments
......................................686
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| era_facet | Geschichte 1880-1980 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Europa (geografie) gtt Europa USA Europe Foreign economic relations United States United States Foreign economic relations Europe USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Europa (geografie) Europa USA Europe Foreign economic relations United States United States Foreign economic relations Europe |
| id | DE-604.BV035305376 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:30:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9782600012591 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017110181 |
| oclc_num | 316065760 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | 699 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| psigel | DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Droz |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale |
| series2 | Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale |
| spelling | American firms in Europe 1880 - 1980 ; strategy, identity, perception and performance Hubert Bonin ... (eds.) Genève Droz 2009 699 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale 23 Geschichte 1880-1980 gnd rswk-swf Amerikanisatie gtt Amerikanisch stw Bedrijfsgeschiedenis (wetenschap) gtt Europa stw Multinationales Unternehmen stw Ondernemerschap gtt Unternehmensentwicklung stw Unternehmenskultur stw Wirtschaftsgeschichte stw Corporations, American Europe Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd rswk-swf Europa (geografie) gtt Europa USA Europe Foreign economic relations United States United States Foreign economic relations Europe USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 s Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 g Geschichte 1880-1980 z DE-604 Bonin, Hubert 1950- Sonstige (DE-588)113603894 oth Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale 23 (DE-604)BV012982941 23 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017110181&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | American firms in Europe 1880 - 1980 ; strategy, identity, perception and performance Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale Amerikanisatie gtt Amerikanisch stw Bedrijfsgeschiedenis (wetenschap) gtt Europa stw Multinationales Unternehmen stw Ondernemerschap gtt Unternehmensentwicklung stw Unternehmenskultur stw Wirtschaftsgeschichte stw Corporations, American Europe Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061963-1 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4015701-5 |
| title | American firms in Europe 1880 - 1980 ; strategy, identity, perception and performance |
| title_auth | American firms in Europe 1880 - 1980 ; strategy, identity, perception and performance |
| title_exact_search | American firms in Europe 1880 - 1980 ; strategy, identity, perception and performance |
| title_full | American firms in Europe 1880 - 1980 ; strategy, identity, perception and performance Hubert Bonin ... (eds.) |
| title_fullStr | American firms in Europe 1880 - 1980 ; strategy, identity, perception and performance Hubert Bonin ... (eds.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | American firms in Europe 1880 - 1980 ; strategy, identity, perception and performance Hubert Bonin ... (eds.) |
| title_short | American firms in Europe |
| title_sort | american firms in europe 1880 1980 strategy identity perception and performance |
| title_sub | 1880 - 1980 ; strategy, identity, perception and performance |
| topic | Amerikanisatie gtt Amerikanisch stw Bedrijfsgeschiedenis (wetenschap) gtt Europa stw Multinationales Unternehmen stw Ondernemerschap gtt Unternehmensentwicklung stw Unternehmenskultur stw Wirtschaftsgeschichte stw Corporations, American Europe Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Amerikanisatie Amerikanisch Bedrijfsgeschiedenis (wetenschap) Europa Multinationales Unternehmen Ondernemerschap Unternehmensentwicklung Unternehmenskultur Wirtschaftsgeschichte Corporations, American Europe Unternehmen Europa (geografie) USA Europe Foreign economic relations United States United States Foreign economic relations Europe |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017110181&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV012982941 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT boninhubert americanfirmsineurope18801980strategyidentityperceptionandperformance |