Mitigation:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bingley
Emerald
2008
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Studies in pragmatics
4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 342 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780080443348 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138606664613888 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction
1
Foreword
1
Presentation of the corpus
3
Structure of the book
5
Transcription conventions
9
List of abbreviations
9
List of metalinguistic abbreviations
10
Glossary
1
1
Chapter
1
3
Pragmatics: subject and subjectivity
1.0.
Foreword
13
1.1.
Towards a psychostylistics of interaction
15
1.2.
A loaded discipline
21
1.3.
The subjectivity of language
24
1.3.1.
The instance
d énoncìation (Benveniste,
1966) 24
1.3.2.
The deictic origin
(Bühler, 1934) 25
1.3.3.
The egocentric child
(Piaget,
1989 [1926]) 26
1.4.
A complex subjectivity
28
1.5.
Stylistic markers
29
1.6.
Semiotic
markers
35
1.7.
The function of identity maintance and speech markers (Giles
et al.,
1979) 36
1.8.
Contextualizations cues (Gumperz, 1982a)
38
1.9.
Mitigation: first definitions
40
1.10.
Bridging the gap between linguistic pragmatics and self-psychology
43
Contents
Chapter
2
47
Mitigation: the background
2.0.
Introduction
47
2.0.1.
Structure of the chapter
47
2.0.2.
Scopes of mitigating devices
49
2.1.
Ideas of mitigation
51
2.1.1.
Mitigation in different research areas: the empirical turn
51
2.1.2.
Hedges in Brown and
Levinson
(1987)
53
2.1.3.
Mitigation as vagueness: hedges
56
2.1.3.1.
Lakoff(1972)
56
2.1.3.2.
Bourdieu(1982)
60
2.1.4.
Mitigation as indirectedness
(Fraser,
1975;
Leech,
1983;
Holmes,
1984)
61
2.1.4.1.
Fraser
(1975)
61
2.1.4.2.
Leech
(1983)
63
2.1.4.3.
Holmes
(1984)
64
2.1.5.
Mitigation as de-focalization of deictic origin
66
2.1.6.
Mitigation as removal of unwelcome perlocutionary effects
(Fraser,
1980)
66
2.1.7.
Prince, Frader, and Bosk
(1982)
69
2.1.8.
The notion of weakening
(Abschwächung)
70
2.1.8.1.
Meyer-Hermann and
Weingarten (1982)
71
2.1.8.2.
Langner(1994)
72
2.2.
Intensity
73
2.2.1.
Intensity according to Bally
(1970 [1909])
74
2.2.2.
Intensity according to Strawson
(1964)
76
2.3.
Towards an extended notion of mitigation
80
2.3.1.
Some conceptual distinctions
80
2.3.2.
The multidisciplinary relevance of mitigation
87
2.4.
Conclusions
89
Chapter
3
Pragmatics of mitigation: bushes, hedges and shields
3.0.
Introduction
91
3.1.
Mitigation as a bridging category
93
3.2.
Types of mitigating devices
(Habermas, 1987 [1981]) 95
3.3.
The functioning of mitigation
97
3.3.1.
Bushes 9g
Contents xi
3.3.2.
Hedges
102
3.3.3.
Combination of bushes and hedges
104
3.3.4.
Shields
106
3.4.
Other strategies of mitigation: quotational shields and topical shields
114
3.5.
Conclusions
117
Chapter
4
121
Mitigation and emotive communication: steps toward a psychostylistic approach
4.0.
Introduction
121
4.1.
Style as a psycholinguistic issue: the role of emotion
123
4.1.1.
Mitigation as an
empathie
strategy: attunement (Stern,
1985) 125
4.1.2.
The other edge of the sword: mitigation as an anti-empathic strategy
129
4.2.
On the conceptualization of emotion in linguistic theories
132
4.3.
A folk psychological category: involvement
136
4.4.
An approach to emotive communication
(Caffi
and Janney, 1994b)
138
4.4.1.
Emotive communication and emotional communication
138
4.4.2.
The notion of emotive contrast
139
4.4.3.
Types of emotive devices
141
4.4.4.
Emotive closeness and distance:
empathie
deixis
143
4.5.
Immediacy (Wiener and Mehrabian,
1968) 145
4.6.
Equivocation (Beavin Bavelas,
1985;
Beavin Bavelas
et al,
1990) 149
4.7.
Disqualification
150
4.7.1.
Haley
(1959) 150
4.7.2.
Mitigation and diqualification
152
4.8.
Transactional disqualification (Sluzki
et al.,
1967) 154
4.8.1.
Types of transactional disqualification
155
4.8.2.
Reactive moves to transactional disqualification
157
4.9.
The Freudian concept of xindomg^Ungeschehenmachen)
158
4.10.
Conclusions
159
Chapter
5
,61
Doctor-patient dialogue: a case-study
5.0.
Introduction
161
5.1.
Analysis of a dialogue at a primary care physician s
163
5.2.
The broader summary of the encounter: the
fabula
165
xii Contents
5.2.1. The
phases
of the encounter
167
5.2.2.
The recurrent trend of the phases
168
5.3.
Between
/аЫа
and plot: salient moments of the encounter
171
5.4.
Muldimensional microanalysis of TR1
:
the plot
176
5.5.
The argumentative layer
185
5.6.
The illocutionary layer: overall illocutionary description of the phases
186
5.7.
Mitigation and institutional politeness in TR1
189
5.8.
Micro-sequences of (non)-attunement
192
5.8.1.
Topical and stylistic non-attunement
192
5.8.2.
Micro-sequences of stylistic attunement
195
5.9.
Distribution of mitigators
197
5.10.
Mitigation and monitoring of emotive distances
200
5.11.
Co-variance among parameters
202
5.12.
Conclusions
204
Chapter
6 207
Grammar of mitigation in doctor-patient dialogue
6.0.
Introduction
207
6.1.
Preliminary questions
209
6.2.
Mitigation and institutional politeness
212
6.3.
Types of mitigation
216
6.4.
Between natural and non-natural mitigation: a transitional case
217
6.5.
Non-natural mitigation
220
6.5.1.
Lenitive mitigation
220
6.5.2.
Tempering mitigation
222
6.6.
Linguistic means of lenitive and tempering mitigation
226
6.6.1.
Linguistic means of lenitive mitigation
226
6.6.1.1.
Lenitive mitigation and deference
236
6.6.1.2.
Summary of linguistic means of lenitive mitigation
238
6.6.1.3.
Strategies of lenitive mitigation
240
6.6.2.
Linguistic means of tempering mitigation
242
6.6.2.1.
Prepositional phrases in tempering mitigation
251
6.6.2.2.
Summary of linguistic means of tempering mitigation
254
6.7.
Mitigation and felicity conditions (constitutive rules)
255
6.7.1.
Attenuation of compliance with essential rules
256
6.7.2.
Attenuation of compliance with preparatory rules
256
6.7.3.
Attenuation of compliance with the prepositional content rule
257
Contents xiii
6.7.4.
Mitigation as side-effect of the reinforcement of the sincerity rule
257
6.8.
Conclusions: toward a pragmatic typology of mitigators
259
Conclusions
263
Bibliography
273
Appendices
299
Appendix A
:
TR1
,
dialogue at a primary care physician s (Ch.
5) 301
Appendix B: Examples from Chapter
6 317
A) Lenitive mitigation (directive acts)
317
B) Tempering mitigation (assertive-verdictive acts)
320
C) Other types of mitigation (other acts)
323
Name Index
325
Subject Index
333
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| title | Mitigation |
| title_auth | Mitigation |
| title_exact_search | Mitigation |
| title_full | Mitigation Claudia Caffi |
| title_fullStr | Mitigation Claudia Caffi |
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