Monastyr Surb Chač kak centr armjanskoj kulʹtury v Krymu:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Erevan [u.a.]
Naapet
2008
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in armen. und engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 86 S., [32] Bl. zahlr. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789939803197 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Monastyr Surb Chač kak centr armjanskoj kulʹtury v Krymu |c Frina Babajan ; Ėmma Korchmazjan |
| 264 | 1 | |a Erevan [u.a.] |b Naapet |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a 86 S., [32] Bl. |b zahlr. Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in armen. und engl. Sprache | ||
| 610 | 1 | 4 | |a Surb Khachʻ (Monastery : Crimea, Ukraine) |
| 610 | 1 | 4 | |a Armenian Church / Ukraine / Respublika Krym / History |
| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a Monastyr' Surb Chač |0 (DE-588)7680483-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Architecture, Armenian / Ukraine / Respublika Krym | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Church architecture / Ukraine / Respublika Krym | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Armenians / Ukraine / Respublika Krym | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Architecture, Armenian - Ukraine - Respublika Krym | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Armenian Church - Ukraine - Respublika Krym - History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Armenians - Ukraine - Respublika Krym | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Church architecture - Ukraine - Respublika Krym | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Crimea (Ukraine) - Antiquities | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Surb Khachʻ (Monastery : Crimea, Ukraine) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Funde | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Crimea (Ukraine) / Antiquities | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Monastyr' Surb Chač |0 (DE-588)7680483-5 |D b |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Geschichte |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Korxmazyan, Êmma |d 1930-2009 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)120225697 |4 aut | |
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| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 307.09 |e 22/bsb |g 477 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 306.09 |e 22/bsb |g 4756 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138599927513088 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Summary
Sourkhat
(Sóikat
or Solkhat), renamed by the Tatars to Ghrim, and
presently known as
Stari Crim,
was one of the most important medieval
Armenian settlements in the Crimea.
This small settlement, known since the antiquity, turned into one of
the most important trading centres, prospering in the thirteenth century
Crimea. Having conquered the peninsula, the Tatars established their
administrative centre here.
The Armenian historical sources of the 13th—14th centuries mention
all of the above toponyms either side by side or alternatively. The
colophons of the Armenian manuscripts bring out the fact that originally
the toponym «Crimea» designated the entire peninsula and not the town.
Thus: «Completed on the Armenian date
âÒ2(1332)
in the country of
Crimea in the city Sourkhat under the auspices of Surb Astvatsatzin (Holy
Virgin)», or: «Written in the Country of the Huns, which is presently
called Crimea in the famous and glamorous city called Sourkhat, in the
city s upper part, in an earth house called Jghpnis at the foot of Surb
Klatch (Holy Cross)».
At the same time the city is called Ghrim:
«...
the book is completed
in the capital Sourkhat, which is called Ghrim in year
1359».
Later the city was alternatively called either Sourkhat, or Ghrim, and
in the fifteenth century
-
more often Ghrim.
Sourkhat was inhabited by the descendants of Huns, Khazars, Greeks,
Karaims, as well as Armenians. The latter settled here long before the
Genoese and Tatars. Numerous Christian monuments, mainly Greek and
Armenian, existed hear since the late 13th
-
early 14th century already. In
71
this connection Bertier-Delagards wrote: «There are numerous church
antiquities in the environs of
Stari Crim,
almost exclusively Armenian,
more than the Greek ones».
Having settled here, the Tatars, probably, ousted the local population
to the outskirts, by that reason only a very few Christian monuments have
been preserved in the centre, majority of them being turned to mosques.
At the end of the 13th century and the beginning of the fourteenth cen¬
tury the city quarters were divided between the communities of different
confessions
-
a usual and natural phenomenon in multinational cities.
The medieval Genoese and Tatar documents mention the name of the
city in different ways: the former call it Solghat (transformed variant of
Sourkhat), the latter
-
Crim. Judging from it, we can assume, that the city
was divided into two parts: Armenian
-
Sourkhat and Tatar
-
Crim.
According to historical sources there were a number of Armenian
churches and monasteries built in Sourkhat. Based on the above sources
V.
Michaela
considered that the churches of St Gregory Illuminator, Surb
Nshan, Surb Simeon, Surb Haroutyoun (Holy Resurrection), Surb Sarkis,
Surb
Stephannos, Surb
Khoranats and Surb Gevorg had been erected in
the 14th century already. One more church, namely Surb
Hovhannes
Mkrtich (St. John the Baptist) mentioned by M. Bzhshkiants may be also
added to this list.
At present amongst all the spiritual buildings erected by the Sourkhat
Armenians the Surb Khatch (Holy Cross) monastery situated four kilome¬
ters southwest of
Stari Crim
city is relatively well preserved. The
monastery comprises a series of buildings: a church, a gavit (atrium) a
bell tower, a refectory, consisting of two arched halls, a two storied
dwelling house and a number of supplementary buildings.
Right from the church courtyard the stone stairs lead to the second
storey of the cell and to dilapidated apartments built over the refectory at
the end of the nineteenth century (according to the data of
1994).
The
monastic complex is enclosed within high fortified walls. Beyond the
walls one can see the guesthouse, built in
1906,
garden and stone springs.
72
The monastery, situated on a high mountain and buried in dense trees,
seems to be a mysterious and proud fortress.
Surb Khach monastery was the religious and spiritual centre of the
Illuminator Armenians, living in Taurida, later on also coming from Nor-
Nakhichevan and Bessarabia.
Surb Nshan church is the earliest building of the monastery. The dram
carries the building inscription. The date in several publications, howev¬
er, never matched the content. Such misreading was corrected by Asatour
Mnatsakanyan. The exact date of erection of the church should be
1358
and not
1338.
Moreover, on that date the construction of the church was
already over.
The drum masonry, which contains the building inscription, provides
direct evidence confirming the above dating. The drum was made of ash¬
lars while the remaining part
-
of rough stones. Consequently, the inves¬
tigators arrived to the conclusion that the former was built later. This
hypothesis is additionally confirmed by a seventeenth century ode dedi¬
cated to
Hovhannes
the Monk, which gives us an idea about the renova¬
tion of Surb Nshan church, carried out by the latter s efforts.
By the will of the Holy Ghost
A scholar called
Hovhannes
Of the great country of Sebastia
With utmost faith erected the monastery of Surb Nshan
Bringing with himself the Savior s wood
And inserting carefully the blissful relic
He came to our glorious world
And restored the monastery of Surb Nshan.
It should be emphasized that in the Middle Ages reconstruction or
renovation works were equated to building activities.
If Surb Nshan was built in
1358,
a question rises: when was it found¬
ed? The answer to this question may, to a certain extent, be provided by
further archaeological excavations.
The excavations carried out by the expedition of the Crimean
73
Department
of the Ukraine Academy of Sciences
(1973
to
1980)
had been
the most productive among the numerous explorations of the monument.
The results are generalized in a book entitled «Solkhat and Surb Khach»
by O. Dombrovski and
V. Sidorenko.
The second stage of the excavations was performed by the expedition
of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the
NAS
of Armenia
(Head of the expedition F. Babayan).
The archaeological expedition started the exploration from the exter¬
nal platform in the south-western part of the main entrance to the
monastery.
Owing to the excavations, soil heaps were cleared away, and the
drainage system was opened.
Starting from the entrance to the eastern cell the latter extended across
the courtyard, entered into the second cell, went out from the underground
outlet towards the gardens of the monastery (See drawing
1).
Another water-pipe system was accidentally found in
1994,
during
the building activities under the external walls of the cells. Different
branchings of this pipeline supplied water to the cells. Water entered into
the monastery through one system, and got out of it through another one
serving as sewage. The pipelines and the cells date back to the 17th cen¬
tury, according to the inscription on the tympanum of the building
entrance
(1694).
Excavations were carried out along the wall of the
strongly endangered gavit (atrium). The southern and northern walls of
the gavit, which had been almost fully decayed, were simultaneously
rebuilt. We were anxious to keep to the initial masonry while reconstruct¬
ing. We reused the stones of the building and various architectural details:
eaves, bases etc., found in the surroundings or discovered in the course of
excavations. Reconstruction of the cupola was performed in the similar
way: its half-demolished concrete cover was removed and replaced by a
thick layer of thatched clay, then covered with tiles.
The curving, tile covered, low-topped, drum-like form is typical to
the traditional Armenian architectural style and its peculiarities.
74
During the excavations in the area of the south-eastern wall of the
church we revealed the main walls of a building with irregular masonry,
apparently being the remains of economic-industrial structures adjoined to
the monastery. A small finely carved cross-stone (khachkar), dated
1557,
fragments of jugs, a copper, coin dated
1780
(of Mustafa
2),
were found
among the hillocks. Cleaning up activities was performed around the stairs
parapets and springs. We found out the cobble-stoned prop-wall
(12
meters), which separated the first pass from the second one, and under
this prop-wall
-
two explorative areas,
m
one of them we found a five
meter-long stone prop-wall of some structure and a shallow hearth-like
construction. Though the substance of the surface layer is not cleared away,
the number of glazed and coarse pottery, fragments of glasses, dating back
to the 13th-14th centuries is great. The area was covered with soil again.
Excavated was also the passage of the road, leading to the church
where the slabs of a building made of white flagstone, stone bases, ruins
of walls bearing the traces of reconstructive works, water-pipes, frag¬
ments of roof tiles and coarse pottery had been unearthed.
Though the excavations are not completely over, preliminary exami¬
nation of the matter leads to the supposition that this very building on the
way to the monastery might have been a guest-house. And it is likely, that
the following lines from the poem, devoted to
Hovhannes
Sebastatsi, con¬
firm this supposition.
They gave a shelter
For the travelers to rest.
The second line of the above-mentioned poem probably referred to
that hospitable building.
Archaeological excavations were also carried out in the «economic»
room, adjoining the refectory, where three cultural layers (in succession of
40-50cms)
had been found. Among the slabs of the second cultural layer,
we revealed an octagonal stone base with its slab pedestal set on the ini¬
tial
-
first floor of the building. Next to the pedestal there was a drainage
75
system,
which on the one hand extended to the atrium (gavit) of the
church, and on the other hand went out of the «economic» room towards
the garden of the monastery. As the stone base was removed and replaced
on the second cultural layer by a builder, without having let us know about
it, it was impossible to explore the first floor of the building at a depth of
40-50
cms. Excavations were performed just around the base and the
pipeline. We had no opportunity of reconstructing the initial architectural
design of the building. It was only clear that the «economic» room and the
refectory had been built on the same constructive surface. Excavations
were proceeded in the first hall of the refectory to make the dates precise.
One of its walls had round brick masonry while its southern part had a
stone cover based on a huge arched column disposed not in the centre of
the building, but distinctly off centre towards the southern part.
Specialists explain such a divergence by the disposition of the
entrance. We discovered three cultural layers here, in succession of
40-
50
cms. On the preliminary first floor of the hall several slab stones were
preserved. Thin layer of ashes testified to the fire broken out herein. The
column, holding the ashlars arches was completely cleared up and we
found out that it was not a single, but a paired column, one of them hav¬
ing a rectangular masonry, framed with decorated eaves, the other one
being made of reused stones. The excavations showed that the vault of the
hall was supported by four high columns, placed on the same line.
During the further centuries the stone masonry on one side of the
vault was replaced by a brick one. Following a special constructive pur¬
pose, two of the columns were removed and adjusted otherwise. The base
of the column, holding the old arch was discovered in situ
Thus it was possible to ascertain that the refectory used to be a large
quadrangle hall, rich in columns within and the peculiarities of the later
architecture occurred here after numerous reconstructions of different
periods.
Small adjacent rooms with common entrances situated between the
northern wall of the atrium and the fortified wall, excavated by Crimean
76
archaeologists in
1976
were cleared up anew. The building (dimensions
16
sq. m) comprised two cultural layers, which contained fragments of
ceramics dating back to the
15Љ-16Л
centuries and a copper coin of the
14th century. The rooms were adjoined to the church by an arched door,
made in the wall of the atrium. It is doubtless that the above rooms built
simultaneously with the gavit (atrium) used to be cells. The wall of the
latter preserved a part of the pilaster holding the vault of the building.
In the courtyard of the monastery, next to the refectory, the Crimean
archaeologists excavated and carefully preserved the ruins of the walls of
early buildings, elucidation of which might be possible only upon exca¬
vating the territory of the court-yard at a depth of
1
metre without chang¬
ing its initial layer. In
1992-1993
the same area was cleared up and pre¬
pared for excavations by us.
In
1994
for the purpose of paving the court-yard the area was com¬
pletely demolished and the archaeological layer
-
removed by builders.
We hardly succeeded in excavating on a prospect-hole (of
lxi
metres) in
the northern part of the stairs leading to the church where we noticed a
thick layer of ashes. Under the wall of the visible building there was a
fragment of a glazed vessel with an engraved ornament, a ceramic jug,
animal bones and a coin of Tokhta Khan (Golden Horde) dating
1300.
Part of the brick masonry of the refectory was destroyed simultane¬
ously with the old cultural layer, preserved for many centuries.
Meanwhile, this unique masonry, made of reddish, well-baked, light and
at the same time solid bricks, widespread in the fifteenth-seventeenth cen¬
turies Crimea, acquired at some stage of building a constructive impor¬
tance, besides representing the architectural style of that period.
One of the problems of reconstruction of the architectural monuments
is the preservation of their original outlook, which was not duly done dur¬
ing the reconstruction.
Archaeological activities were focused on the external area of the
northern wall of the refectory and the fortified wall adjoined to it.
In the course of excavations various archaeological items found on the
77
territory of the monastery complex were grouped according to their
chronological order and common styles. These are cross-stones
(khachkars), gravestones, coarse and glazed ceramics (jugs, bowls, pitch¬
ers, oil-lamps, pipes, water-pipes, faience, glass (fragments of glasses, bot¬
tles, bracelets, window glass, complete items), stone implements (parts of
millstones, weights), jewelry, metal items (nails, hoarse-shoes, pins, pin¬
cers, scissors of the 13th-17th centuries) and coins dated
1280
(unnamed),
1290
(Tokhta Khan),
1299
(Tokhta Khan) and
1309
(Crimea, etc.).
In
1994
we explored a monument known in Russian literature as Surb
Gevork (St. George) although it was referred to as Surb
Stephannos in
Armenian historical sources. The church is located at a distance of eight
kilometers from the city of
Stari
Crim
(3
kms south of Surb Khach
monastery). The above mentioned monument was partly explored by the
Crimean archaeologists in
1973.
We cleared up the church buried under the heaps of huge stones and
thick trees. The buildings adjoined to the church were not explored.
Investigation of the church showed that Surb
Stephannos
was a three nave
building with a drum and a number of columns. It had four columns, two
of which stood freely (two bases and a stone column were discovered)
and the others joined the main apse through an arch. For the present the
architectural outlook of the building is not identified, and needs further
investigation.
The oldest and the most valuable one among the discovered archaeo¬
logical items is the engraved small cross-stone (khachkar), on which the
year of
âÒ
(1331)
is inscribed.
The studies of the Crimean archaeologists conducted in the seventies
and continued by us in the nineties during three seasons of work enabled to
finally ascertain the architectural design of the monastery of Surb Khach.
The excavations made precise the date of the refectory: it dates back
to the
141ћ-15љ
centuries and not the
Π^-Ιδ*
as it was though earlier.
From the architectural point of view the former shape of the refectory was
a quadrangular hall with a stone, vaulted roof, based on four columns
78
standing
in a row
-
a planning characteristic of the identical Armenian
buildings of the same period.
A unique ceramic pipeline discovered in the monastery area is a fine
sample of building art.
In the courtyard of the church we discovered rains of ancient build¬
ings.
The study of discovered archeological items confirms that the
monastery complex was founded not later than at the end of the 13th cen¬
tury.
Because of the restoration activities in
1994
the ruins of unique build¬
ings that would confirm the exact date along with the traces of different
constructive phases had been totally destroyed.
Some of the archeological finds, especially the glazed pottery are
analogous to the items found in such medieval Armenian cities as Dvin,
Ani
and other archeological sites.
The results of the excavations confirm that Surb Khach functioned
uninterruptedly from the 13th and up to the 20th century. The study of the
archeological finds testifies that Armenians brought the old traditions of
handicraft, trade and building art to the Crimea from various provinces of
their country.
Exploration of the above mentioned buildings proved that the
Armenian architectural tradition existing in the Crimea actively interact¬
ed with the local culture thus giving birth to the constructive peculiarities
and the unique style of the Crimean Armenian architecture.
Samples of the miniatures contained in manuscript from Sourkhat and
Surb Khach, which date from the 14th century display the simultaneous
application of two painting techniques: linear and graphic. While the
images in the manuscripts were painted polichromatically, the ornaments
were made in monochromatic graphic way of painting. Traditions of the
Palaeological renaissance painting were reflected in certain illustrated
manuscripts of the Sourkhat Armenians. It is worth mentioning that any
acquaintance with an art phenomenon or a new trend in painting was
79
internalized by Armenian artists through simple reproduction, then giving
a new meaning to them and later through adapting to their own aesthetic
principles.
Thus, based on the national, Cilician and Byzantine painting tradi¬
tions a new direction in painting was born in Armenian art, the first sam¬
ples of which emerged in Bardzr
Наук,
where a great number of
Armenians migrated to the Crimea from.
Painting in the delicate manner peculiar to Palaeological art, craving
to express the volume and individuality of images characteristic of the
Cilician miniature, laconic composition and ornamental features peculiar
to the Crimea Armenian art, the local painters created masterpieces,
which occupied their unique place in the national treasury.
It is particularly fortunate that the manuscript colophons preserved
the names of the scribes and illustrators having lived in Crimea: Nater
with his sons, most gifted of which were Avetis and Stephannos, and his
son
Hovhannes,
prominent miniaturists
Arakel, Kirakós
and many others.
Unfortunately the names of many scribes still remain unknown: the
colophons usually give us more information about the famous customers
and their relatives than the creators of manuscripts. The value of their art
is difficult to underestimate: it has its unique place, not only in national
painting, but also in the cultural history of the Crimea.
Investigation of the Armenian archaeological monuments, manu¬
scripts and miniatures created in Sourkhat reveals the unknown pages of
the history of the Armenian Community in the Crimea.
80
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Babayan, Frina Korxmazyan, Êmma 1930-2009 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1159247625 (DE-588)120225697 |
| author_facet | Babayan, Frina Korxmazyan, Êmma 1930-2009 |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Babayan, Frina |
| author_variant | f b fb ê k êk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035299978 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)644303407 (DE-599)BVBBV035299978 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Crimea (Ukraine) / Antiquities |
| geographic_facet | Crimea (Ukraine) / Antiquities |
| id | DE-604.BV035299978 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:30:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789939803197 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017104862 |
| oclc_num | 644303407 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 86 S., [32] Bl. zahlr. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Naapet |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Babayan, Frina Verfasser (DE-588)1159247625 aut Monastyr Surb Chač kak centr armjanskoj kulʹtury v Krymu Frina Babajan ; Ėmma Korchmazjan Erevan [u.a.] Naapet 2008 86 S., [32] Bl. zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in armen. und engl. Sprache Surb Khachʻ (Monastery : Crimea, Ukraine) Armenian Church / Ukraine / Respublika Krym / History Monastyr' Surb Chač (DE-588)7680483-5 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Architecture, Armenian / Ukraine / Respublika Krym Church architecture / Ukraine / Respublika Krym Armenians / Ukraine / Respublika Krym Architecture, Armenian - Ukraine - Respublika Krym Armenian Church - Ukraine - Respublika Krym - History Armenians - Ukraine - Respublika Krym Church architecture - Ukraine - Respublika Krym Crimea (Ukraine) - Antiquities Funde Geschichte Crimea (Ukraine) / Antiquities Monastyr' Surb Chač (DE-588)7680483-5 b Geschichte z DE-604 Korxmazyan, Êmma 1930-2009 Verfasser (DE-588)120225697 aut Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017104862&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Babayan, Frina Korxmazyan, Êmma 1930-2009 Monastyr Surb Chač kak centr armjanskoj kulʹtury v Krymu Surb Khachʻ (Monastery : Crimea, Ukraine) Armenian Church / Ukraine / Respublika Krym / History Monastyr' Surb Chač (DE-588)7680483-5 gnd Architecture, Armenian / Ukraine / Respublika Krym Church architecture / Ukraine / Respublika Krym Armenians / Ukraine / Respublika Krym Architecture, Armenian - Ukraine - Respublika Krym Armenian Church - Ukraine - Respublika Krym - History Armenians - Ukraine - Respublika Krym Church architecture - Ukraine - Respublika Krym Crimea (Ukraine) - Antiquities Funde Geschichte |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7680483-5 |
| title | Monastyr Surb Chač kak centr armjanskoj kulʹtury v Krymu |
| title_auth | Monastyr Surb Chač kak centr armjanskoj kulʹtury v Krymu |
| title_exact_search | Monastyr Surb Chač kak centr armjanskoj kulʹtury v Krymu |
| title_full | Monastyr Surb Chač kak centr armjanskoj kulʹtury v Krymu Frina Babajan ; Ėmma Korchmazjan |
| title_fullStr | Monastyr Surb Chač kak centr armjanskoj kulʹtury v Krymu Frina Babajan ; Ėmma Korchmazjan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monastyr Surb Chač kak centr armjanskoj kulʹtury v Krymu Frina Babajan ; Ėmma Korchmazjan |
| title_short | Monastyr Surb Chač kak centr armjanskoj kulʹtury v Krymu |
| title_sort | monastyr surb chac kak centr armjanskoj kulʹtury v krymu |
| topic | Surb Khachʻ (Monastery : Crimea, Ukraine) Armenian Church / Ukraine / Respublika Krym / History Monastyr' Surb Chač (DE-588)7680483-5 gnd Architecture, Armenian / Ukraine / Respublika Krym Church architecture / Ukraine / Respublika Krym Armenians / Ukraine / Respublika Krym Architecture, Armenian - Ukraine - Respublika Krym Armenian Church - Ukraine - Respublika Krym - History Armenians - Ukraine - Respublika Krym Church architecture - Ukraine - Respublika Krym Crimea (Ukraine) - Antiquities Funde Geschichte |
| topic_facet | Surb Khachʻ (Monastery : Crimea, Ukraine) Armenian Church / Ukraine / Respublika Krym / History Monastyr' Surb Chač Architecture, Armenian / Ukraine / Respublika Krym Church architecture / Ukraine / Respublika Krym Armenians / Ukraine / Respublika Krym Architecture, Armenian - Ukraine - Respublika Krym Armenian Church - Ukraine - Respublika Krym - History Armenians - Ukraine - Respublika Krym Church architecture - Ukraine - Respublika Krym Crimea (Ukraine) - Antiquities Funde Geschichte Crimea (Ukraine) / Antiquities |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017104862&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT babayanfrina monastyrsurbchackakcentrarmjanskojkulʹturyvkrymu AT korxmazyanemma monastyrsurbchackakcentrarmjanskojkulʹturyvkrymu |