Questioning the universe: concepts in physics
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton [u.a.]
CRC Press
2009
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
Beschreibung: | XVI, 207 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 9781420082586 |
Internformat
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Questioning the universe |b concepts in physics |c Ahren Sadoff |
264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton [u.a.] |b CRC Press |c 2009 | |
300 | |a XVI, 207 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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---|---|
adam_text | Contents
Preface
......................................................................................................................xi
Acknowledgments
................................................................................................xiii
The Author
..............................................................................................................xv
Chapter
1
Units and Powers of
10...............................................................................................1
1.1
Units
..................................................................................................................1
1.2
Powers of
10......................................................................................................2
Questions/Problems
...................................................................................................3
Chapter
2
Physics and Its Methodology
......................................................................................5
2.1
What Is Physics?
...............................................................................................5
2.2
Methodology
.....................................................................................................5
2.2.1
The First Scientist
.................................................................................6
2.2.2
Why Do You Believe?
...........................................................................6
2.2.3
Back to the Questions
...........................................................................6
2.2.4
How Do We Answer the Questions?
.....................................................7
2.2.5
The Need to Be Quantitative
.................................................................8
2.2.6
Theories
................................................................................................8
2.2.7
Models
..................................................................................................9
2.2.8
Aesthetic Judgments
...........................................................................10
2.3
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
................................................................11
Questions/Problems
.................................................................................................11
Chapter
3
Motion
......................................................................................................................13
3.1
Relating the Variables of Motion
....................................................................14
3.2
Graphs of One-Dimensional Motion
..............................................................15
3.2.1
Constant Speed
...................................................................................15
3.2.2
Constant Acceleration
.........................................................................17
3.3
Two-Dimensional Motion
...............................................................................19
3.4
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
................................................................21
Questions/Problems
.................................................................................................21
Chapter
4
Forces
.......................................................................................................................23
4.1
The Fundamental Forces
.................................................................................23
4.2
A Specific Force Law: Newtonian Gravity
.....................................................26
4.2.1
Weight
.................................................................................................27
v
vi
Contents
4.3
How Does Force Affect Motion? Newton s Second Law
...............................27
4.4
Newton, the Apple, and the Moon
..................................................................29
4.5
Combining Two Laws
.....................................................................................29
4.6
The Mass of the Earth
.....................................................................................30
4.7
Newton s First Law
.........................................................................................32
4.7.1
What and Where Is the Force?
............................................................33
4.8
Newton s Third Law
.......................................................................................33
4.8.1
How Does a Horse Pull a Wagon?
......................................................34
4.8.2
How Can We Walk?
............................................................................34
4.9
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
................................................................35
Questions/Problems
.................................................................................................35
Chapter
5
Electromagnetism
....................................................................................................39
5.1
The Electric Force Law
...................................................................................39
5.2
Unifying Electricity and Magnetism
...............................................................40
5.2.1
Ampere s Law
.....................................................................................40
5.2.2
Faraday s Law
.....................................................................................41
5.2.3
The
Lorentz
Force
...............................................................................41
5.2.4
Back to Ampere s Law
........................................................................41
5.2.5
Where Are the Moving Charges?
........................................................42
5.3
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
................................................................43
Questions/Problems
.................................................................................................43
Chapter
6
The Field Concept
....................................................................................................45
6.1
What Is the Connection?
.................................................................................45
6.2
Action at a Distance
........................................................................................45
6.2.1
Is This a Legitimate Explanation?
......................................................46
6.3
The Field Concept
...........................................................................................46
6.3.1
How Does This Help Explain
Noncontact
Forces?
............................46
6.3.1.1
Thinking Like a Physicist
....................................................48
6.3.1.2
Is There a Way to Tell the Difference?
................................48
6.3.2
Understanding the Time Delay
...........................................................49
6.3.2.1
The Speed and Identity of the Kink
.....................................50
6.4
Back to Contact Forces
...................................................................................50
6.5
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
................................................................51
Questions/Problems
..............................................................................................51
Chapter
7
The Character of Natural Laws
...............................................................................53
7.1
Causality
.........................................................................................................53
7.2
The Prime Directive
........................... .........................53
Contents
vii
7.3
Symmetry
........................................................................................................54
7.4
Symmetry and the Laws of Nature
.................................................................55
7.4.1
Space Translation Symmetry
..............................................................56
7.4.2
Time Translation Symmetry
...............................................................57
7.4.3
Time Reversal (Reflection) Symmetry
...............................................57
7.4.4
Matter-Antimatter Symmetry (Matter Reflection)
..............................58
7.4.5
Space Reflection Symmetry (Parity)
...................................................59
7.5
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
................................................................59
Questions/Problems
.................................................................................................60
Chapter
8
Conservation Laws
...................................................................................................61
8.1
Conservation of Momentum
...........................................................................61
8.2
Conservation of Energy
..................................................................................67
8.2.1
The Different Forms of Energy
...........................................................67
8.2.2
Conversion of Energy
.........................................................................69
8.2.3
A Specific Example: The Roller Coaster
............................................69
8.3
A Nonconservation Law: The Second Law of Thermodynamics
...................71
8.4
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
................................................................75
Questions/Problems
.................................................................................................75
Chapter
9
The History of the Atom
..........................................................................................79
9.1
The Greek Model
............................................................................................79
9.2
Thomson s Plum Pudding Model
................................................................79
9.3
The Rutherford Experiment
............................................................................80
9.4
The Planetary Model
.......................................................................................81
9.5
What Do We Do Now?
....................................................................................82
9.6
The Atom Today
..............................................................................................82
9.7
The Electron Volt: A Useful Energy Unit
.......................................................84
9.8
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
................................................................85
Questions/Problems
.................................................................................................85
Chapter
10
The Nucleus
.............................................................................................................87
10.1
Nuclear Properties
.........................................................................................87
10.2
Why Neutrons?
.............................................................................................88
10.3
Nuclear Decays
.............................................................................................89
10.3.1
Alpha Decay
....................................................................................90
10.3.2
Beta Decay
.......................................................................................90
10.3.3
Gamma Decay
.................................................................................92
10.4
Half-Life and Carbon Dating
........................................................................92
viii Contents
10.5
The Full Beta Decay
Story
............................................................................95
10.5.1
The Prediction
.................................................................................95
10.5.2
The Experimental Results
...............................................................96
10.5.3.
What Do We Do Now?
....................................................................97
10.5.3.1
Look Closely at the Theory
............................................98
10.5.3.2
Look Closely at the Experimental Results
.....................98
10.5.3.3
A Possible Explanation
...................................................99
10.6
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
............................................................101
Questions/Problems
...............................................................................................101
Chapter
11
The Nature of Light
...............................................................................................103
11.1
Introduction
.................................................................................................103
1.2
Properties of Particles
.................................................................................103
1.3
Properties of Waves
.....................................................................................103
11.3.1
Wave Vocabulary
............................................................................104
1.4
Is Light Made Up of Waves or Particles?
....................................................109
1.5
Back to Diffraction
......................................................................................
Ill
1.6
Why the Sky Is Blue
...................................................................................
Ill
1.7
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
............................................................112
Questions/Problems
...............................................................................................112
Chapter
12
The Theory of Relativity
........................................................................................115
12.1
Introduction
.................................................................................................115
12.2
Frames of Reference and Relative Speeds
..................................................115
12.3
Galilean Relativity
......................................................................................117
12.4
Maxwell and the Ether
................................................................................119
12.4.1
The Speed of Waves
.......................................................................119
12.4.2
The Ether
.......................................................................................121
12.5
The Michelson Morley Experiment
............................................................122
12.5.1
An Analogy: Boats in a River
........................................................123
12.5.2
The Real Experiment
.....................................................................126
12.5.3
The
Lorentz
Contraction
................................................................130
12.5.4
Another Crazy Idea
........................................................................131
12.6
Assumptions We Take for Granted
..............................................................132
12.7
The Postulates of Special Relativity
...........................................................134
12.7.1
Some Interesting Facts about Einstein and the
Birth of Relativity
..........................................................................134
12.8
Consequences of the Postulates of Relativity
.............................................135
12.8.1
The Relativity of Simultaneity
.......................................................135
12.8.2
Time Dilation
.................................................................................137
12.8.2.1
The Light Clock
............................................................138
Contents ¡x
12.8.2.2
Useful Definitions
.........................................................140
12.8.3
Length Contraction
........................................................................142
12.8.3.1
Length and
Lorentz
Contraction
...................................144
12.9
E
=
me2 and All That
...................................................................................144
12.10
Back to Addition of Speeds
.........................................................................146
12.11
The Car in the Garage Paradox
...................................................................147
12.12
The Twin Paradox and Space Travel
...........................................................148
12.13
Relativity and You
.......................................................................................149
12.14
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
............................................................150
Questions/Problems
...............................................................................................150
Chapter
13
Quantum Mechanics
..............................................................................................155
13.1
Introduction
.................................................................................................155
13.2
Max Planck and the Beginnings of Quantum Theory
.................................155
13.3
The Photoelectric Effect
..............................................................................156
13.4
The Bohr Atom
............................................................................................158
13.5
de Broglie
Waves
........................................................................................160
13.6
Time to Stop and Catch Our Breath
............................................................162
13.7
The
Heisenberg
Uncertainty Principle
........................................................163
13.8
The Schrodinger Equation: An Equation for the Waves
.............................165
13.9
Does God Play Dice?
..................................................................................167
13.10
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
............................................................170
Questions/Problems
...............................................................................................170
Chapter
14
The Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics
............................................173
14.1
Introduction
.................................................................................................173
14.2
The Basic Ideas of the Standard Model
......................................................174
14.3
The Unification of Forces
...........................................................................174
14.4
Bosons: The Particles Associated with Forces
............................................175
14.5
Electroweak Unification
..............................................................................176
14.6
The Unification of Matter
...........................................................................177
14.6.1
Two Classes of Matter Particles
.....................................................178
14.6.2
Similarities
.....................................................................................178
14.6.3
Differences
.....................................................................................179
14.6.4
More about Quarks
........................................................................179
14.6.5
More about Leptons
.......................................................................180
14.7
A Mystery
...................................................................................................180
14.8
Particle Flowchart
.......................................................................................181
14.9
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
............................................................181
Questions/Problems
...............................................................................................182
x
Contents
Chapter
15
Cosmology
.............................................................................................................185
15.1
Introduction
.................................................................................................185
15.2
The Expansion of the Universe
...................................................................185
15.2.1
Measuring Speeds Using the
Doppler
Effect
................................186
15.2.2
Measuring Distances
.....................................................................187
15.2.2.1
Nearby Stars
.................................................................187
15.2.2.2
More Distant Stars: Standard Candles
..........................189
15.3
Light from the Big Bang: CMB Radiation
.................................................190
15.4
The Evolution of the Universe
....................................................................190
15.4.1
The Planck Time
............................................................................192
15.4.2
The GUT Time
...............................................................................192
15.4.2.1
The Disappearance of Antimatter
.................................192
15.4.2.2
Two Sticky Problems and a Solution
............................193
15.4.2.3
The Solution: Inflation
..................................................193
15.4.3
The Electroweak Time
...................................................................194
15.4.4
The Formation of Particles
............................................................195
15.4.5
The Formation of Nuclei
...............................................................195
15.4.6
The Formation of Atoms
................................................................195
15.4.7
The Formation of Stars and Galaxies
............................................196
15.5
Dark Matter
.................................................................................................196
15.6
Dark Energy
................................................................................................197
15.7
End-of-Chapter Guide to Key Ideas
............................................................198
Questions/Problems
...............................................................................................198
Epilogue
................................................................................................................201
Suggested Further Readings
...............................................................................202
Index
....................................................................... ...203
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physical | XVI, 207 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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spelling | Sadoff, Ahren Verfasser aut Questioning the universe concepts in physics Ahren Sadoff Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC Press 2009 XVI, 207 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Physics Popular works Universe Popular works Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd rswk-swf Populärwissenschaftliche Darstellung (DE-588)4140344-7 gnd rswk-swf Weltall (DE-588)4079154-3 gnd rswk-swf Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 s Populärwissenschaftliche Darstellung (DE-588)4140344-7 s DE-604 Weltall (DE-588)4079154-3 s Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017078964&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Sadoff, Ahren Questioning the universe concepts in physics Physics Popular works Universe Popular works Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd Populärwissenschaftliche Darstellung (DE-588)4140344-7 gnd Weltall (DE-588)4079154-3 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4045956-1 (DE-588)4140344-7 (DE-588)4079154-3 |
title | Questioning the universe concepts in physics |
title_auth | Questioning the universe concepts in physics |
title_exact_search | Questioning the universe concepts in physics |
title_full | Questioning the universe concepts in physics Ahren Sadoff |
title_fullStr | Questioning the universe concepts in physics Ahren Sadoff |
title_full_unstemmed | Questioning the universe concepts in physics Ahren Sadoff |
title_short | Questioning the universe |
title_sort | questioning the universe concepts in physics |
title_sub | concepts in physics |
topic | Physics Popular works Universe Popular works Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd Populärwissenschaftliche Darstellung (DE-588)4140344-7 gnd Weltall (DE-588)4079154-3 gnd |
topic_facet | Physics Popular works Universe Popular works Physik Populärwissenschaftliche Darstellung Weltall |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017078964&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT sadoffahren questioningtheuniverseconceptsinphysics |