Pečeti Jana Lucemburského:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Brno
Masarykova Univ.
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | Vyd. 1. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Opera Universitatis Masarykianae, Facultas Philosophica
370 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 93 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788021044913 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | OBSAH
Předmluva
................................................................ 7
Úvod
..................................................................... 9
I. Vývoj pečetí Jana Lucemburského a jejich popisy
...............................13
I. A. Pod pečetními vzory otce
............................................13
I. B. Navázání na dědictví posledních Přemyslovců, Rudolfa Habsburského
a Jindřicha
Korutánskeho
........................................... 16
I.
С.
Janova rezignace na poměry v Čechách. Francouzský (západoevropský)
ikonografický typ jezdecké pečeti a pařížská pečeť. Opětovný návrat
k pečetním
typům lucemburských hrabat
......................................... 20
I.
D. Sekrety Jana Lucemburského po roce 1321
................................27
I. E. Shrnutí nejdůležitějších vnějších znaků pečetí Jana Lucemburského
a několik poznatků ke střídání typářů
................................. 30
I. F. Označení pečetí Jana Lucemburského v koroboracích listin
............... 33
II.
Ikonografický a formální rozbor pečetí Jana Lucemburského
II.
A. Pod pečetními vzory otce
............................................35
I. B. Navázání na dědictví posledních Přemyslovců, Rudolfa Habsburského
a Jindřicha
Korutánskeho
............................................37
II.
С.
Ikonograficky francouzský (západoevropský) pečetní typ velkých pečetí
-----40
II.
D. Sekrety Jana Lucemburského po roce 1321
.............................. 45
III.
Pečeti Jana Lucemburského jako vzor pro ostatní pečetitele
....................46
IV.
Falza pečetí Jana Lucemburského
.......................................... 49
Závěr
.................................................................... 56
Srovnávací tabulky označení typů velkých pečetí a sekretů Jana Lucemburského
u
vybraných badatelů
.................................................... 59
Seznam zkratek
...........................................................60
Seznam obrazových příloh
.................................................. 61
Soupis pramenů a literatury
................................................. 64
Archivní prameny
...................................................... 64
Vydané tiskem
......................................................... 66
Seznam literatury
.......................................................... 67
[5]
Summary
.................................................................71
Obrazová přfloha
...........................................................75
SUMMARY
When preparing my treatise
„Pečeti Jana Lucemburského ,
my goal was to write
a preparer
which
will reflect the latest knowledge on this issue, and be the first study to take into account both western
European and Czech papers, which was not accomplished in the past owing to language and other
barriers.
The concrete results presented in my monograph of John of Luxemburg s seals reveal a more pre¬
cise enumeration of the seals which he used during his lifetime. These were six great seals employed by
him as he styled himself King of Bohemia or Count of Luxembourg, and seven counterseal matrices
employed as he styled himself in the same manner. Furthermore, we add the seal of majesty of the
Vicar of the Imperial Court. John of Luxembourg possessed a first great matrix no later than in 1310 as
he styled himself Count of Luxembourg and
Laroche,
as well as Margrave of Arlon. At the same time
he used counterseals which appear as the reverse of his great equestrian seal. According to the latest
literature, the origin of this great seal is in France, Hainaut or Brabant. Although he acceded to the
trone
of the Kingdom of Bohemia in December 1310 and was crowned King of Bohemia on
7
February 1311,
we still find the Count of Luxembourg s great equestrian seal furnished on documents from January
and February
1311,
concerning non-Bohemian legal matters for non-Bohemian recipients, and provided
with a counterseal on the reverse.
The first new seal of John Luxembourg after his arrival in the Bohemian Lands was a portrait coun¬
terseal from December 1310. This counterseal existed as a temporary arrangement; this conclusion is
supported by the corroborations of documents. John thus followed his predecessors on the throne of
Bohemia: Rudolph I of Hapsburg and Henry of Carinthia, who also sealed with portrait counterseals;
for although they had been elected Kings of Bohemia, they never achieved coronation. This habit was
also common elsewhere in Europe. There is a variant form of the above-mentioned portrait counterseal
of John of Luxembourg, which is known to be from the time after he had already begun using seals: the
majestic equestrian, from the years 1314 and 1315.
After his coronation, John had a great majestic equestrian seal produced. This seal is a Bohemian
piece of work, as was the aforementioned portrait counterseal from 1310. Again, with the design within
the so-called pietas, he followed the appearance of the great seals of his predecessors on the Bohemian
throne
-
in this case, the of the
Přemyslids.
Thus, he followed the seal tradition of the last
Přemyslids.
He
employed the great majestic equestrian seal until the end of 1321 or on begin of the year
1322.
Avariant
form from 1314 of this majestic equestrian seal given in some literature (especially Czech), with refer¬
ence to a paper by O. Posse (Part I, Table
48,
No.
6,
and Table
49,
No.
1),
never existed during the time
of John Luxembourg, but (as R. Weiller proved and as R. Laurent later confirmed) it is a casting, a free
imitation of the basic seal from 1311 made by Henri Gomand in the
io*
century.
In
1322,
a radical change happened in the seals of John of Luxembourg, when this King of Bohe¬
mia and Count of Luxembourg abandoned the majestic equestrian seal and instead used one-sided
equestrian seal until his death at
Crécy.
These were usually furnished with heraldic counterseals on the
reverse, which is the French or western European iconographical type. In this act we see his return to
the traditional design of great seals (that is, equestrian seals and counterseals) of the Counts of Luxem¬
bourg. This appears to have occurred on the grounds of King John s resignation to the Bohemian situa¬
tion. Since that years, John lived mostly abroad. Therefore, this might have been a demonstrative act.
Of great seals we know three variant forms altogether. Here, our knowledge is somewhat modified
and improved as to the chronological order of seals on one hand and the number of matrices in the
other. As far as the order is concerned, the first seal was the equestrian one, the so-called type III, em-
[71]
PEČETI JANA LUCEMBURSKÉHO
ployed in
1323
and perhaps still in the beginning of
1324.
Based on analysis, it can be said that this matrix
was, in all likelihood, made in Paris, in the sameworkshop which executed orders of other French kings,
princes, and high-ranking magnates. The orders include equestrian seals ofEnguerand
de Marigny
and
Gaucher de Chatillon.
These conclusions are consistent not only with the analysis and comparison of
the seals in question, but also by a thorough study of the itinerary of King John.
It also seems that the so-called type IV seal will be identified as a piece of work which was not made
in the Bohemian Lands. This type of seal appears as early as in the first half of the year
1324.
The last and
the highest quality matrix (the so-called type seal) was executed in
1325.
After that time, King John only
used this seal. We are informed from a document dated
29
April
1325
that this happened for the reason
that no falsity would occur in future. The last type of seal which is presented by O. Posse (Part I, Table
48,
No.
5),
and M. Gumowski-M. Haisig- S.Mikucki, is another casting, a free imitation of the type so-
called V of seal made by Henri Gomand.
As far as counterseals are concerned, John of Luxembourg sealed with four different types after
1321. The type IV seal (since
1322)
and the type VI (since
1324)
are very similar, and were even put to¬
gether into a single matrix. Similar counterseal designs, excepting the image of the eagle as a supporter,
are known from counterseals of the Counts of Luxembourg. After 1321, John thus inclined to the seal
designs of the Counts of Luxembourg, not only with his great equestrian seal, but also with his counter¬
seals. A fifth type is very damaged
-
only a fragment of it is known from the single surviving imprint and,
therefore, we cannot say more about it than that is was another heraldic variant. Type
VII
is the least seal
type and is again only heraldic. This is the smallest in size of all of John of Luxembourg s counterseals
after 1321, and John had it at his disposal no later than in
1325.
King John then sealed with the types IV,
VI and
VII
until his death.
John s seals thus underwent two great reversal. The first one was at the of the years 1310-1311, when
he abandoned the seal patterns and designs typical for the Counts of Luxembourg (in connection with
his accession to the throne in the Kingdom of Bohemia). By his ruling in the Bohemian Lands he was
compelled, within pietas, to follow the seals of his predecessors on the throne of Kingdom of Bohemia.
The second fundamental change can be traced after 1321, when John returned to using equestrian seal
(apparently since
1323)
typical of the Counts of Luxembourg (in great seals), as well as to counterseals
(since
1322)
typical of rulers in the County of Luxembourg. In my opinion, these facts relate to John
s
overall resignation to the internal situation in the Kingdom of Bohemia, and to his greater inclination to
his native Luxembourg and the European politics.
My research also proved by that the seals of John of Luxembourg influenced, and became models
for, the seals of some prominent men of other countries, in particular of
Bolek
II, Duke of
Opole,
and
Peter I of Rosenberk
(+1347),
a high-ranking magnate, who moved in the close vicinity of King John.
The type V equestrian seal of John of Luxembourg served as a model to both of them.
Forgeries of the seals of John of Luxembourg are also an interesting problem. More of them might
be found in future. In my paper, attention is paid to an object which was identified in the past century
as a seal matrix of King John. This, however, cannot be vindicated for a number of reasons. For instance,
there is no imprint of it; the dressing of the stone (amethyst) does not correspond to the 14th century
but to a time younger by a few centuries; and finally, no connection of this object with King John can
be inferred from my existing information. The last group is comprised of six pieces of forged equestrian
seals and five pieces of forged counterseals of John of Luxembourg. These were made at the order of
Ulric II of Rosenberg
(τ
1462),
in the 15th century. By use of these seals he authenticated for himself not
only the unauthorised usurpation of property, but also numerous privileges and advantages.
Thus, I conclude this brief summary by stating that
agreat
deal of issues concerning the seals of
the first Luxembourg ruler on the throne of Kingdom of Bohemia have been successfully elucidated;
nevertheless, some problems still remain unsolved, such as the fact that although King John renounced
his claim to the Polish royal title in
1335,
which he simply did not put in the legends of his seals, but
restored it in the intitulations of his documents. The only explanation for this is that the space for the
legend of seals is relatively limited, and John stated the Bohemian royal title because he ruled in the
Bohemian Lands and held an elector s vote by virtue of them, whereas he in fact never ruled in Poland.
SUMMARY
Stating the title of Count of Luxembourg represents not only his homeland, but also become a part of
the demonstrative change in the form of the seal of John of Luxembourg.
Translation Ivan Dyba
[73]
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| genre | Studie czenas Studies czenas |
| genre_facet | Studie Studies |
| geographic | Tschechische Republik |
| geographic_facet | Tschechische Republik |
| id | DE-604.BV035265660 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:29:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788021044913 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017071118 |
| oclc_num | 298775107 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 93 S. Ill. |
| psigel | DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Masarykova Univ. |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Opera Universitatis Masarykianae, Facultas Philosophica |
| series2 | Opera Universitatis Masarykianae, Facultas Philosophica |
| spelling | Maráz, Karel 1971- Verfasser (DE-588)137166044 aut Pečeti Jana Lucemburského Karel Maráz Vyd. 1. Brno Masarykova Univ. 2007 93 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Opera Universitatis Masarykianae, Facultas Philosophica 370 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Jan Lucemburský / český král / 1296-1346 czenas Jan Lucemburský / King of Bohemia / 1296-1346 / eczenas czenas Jan Lucemburský <King of Bohemia, 1296-1346> czenas Jan Lucemburský <český král, 1296-1346> czenas Johann Böhmen, König 1296-1346 (DE-588)11944755X gnd rswk-swf 14. stol czenas Panovníci / Česko / 14. stol czenas Pečeti / Česko / 14. stol czenas Sfragistika / Česko czenas Kings and rulers / Czech Republic / Bohemia / 14th century czenas Seals (numismatics) / Czech Republic / Bohemia / 14th century czenas Sphragistics / Czech Republic czenas Kings and rulers - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century czenas Panovníci - Česko - 14. stol czenas Pečeti - Česko - 14. stol czenas Seals (numismatics) - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century czenas Sfragistika - Česko czenas Sphragistics - Czech Republic czenas Siegel (DE-588)4054876-4 gnd rswk-swf Tschechische Republik Studie czenas Studies czenas Johann Böhmen, König 1296-1346 (DE-588)11944755X p Siegel (DE-588)4054876-4 s DE-604 Opera Universitatis Masarykianae, Facultas Philosophica 370 (DE-604)BV043206955 370 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017071118&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017071118&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Maráz, Karel 1971- Pečeti Jana Lucemburského Opera Universitatis Masarykianae, Facultas Philosophica Jan Lucemburský / český král / 1296-1346 czenas Jan Lucemburský / King of Bohemia / 1296-1346 / eczenas czenas Jan Lucemburský <King of Bohemia, 1296-1346> czenas Jan Lucemburský <český král, 1296-1346> czenas Johann Böhmen, König 1296-1346 (DE-588)11944755X gnd Panovníci / Česko / 14. stol czenas Pečeti / Česko / 14. stol czenas Sfragistika / Česko czenas Kings and rulers / Czech Republic / Bohemia / 14th century czenas Seals (numismatics) / Czech Republic / Bohemia / 14th century czenas Sphragistics / Czech Republic czenas Kings and rulers - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century czenas Panovníci - Česko - 14. stol czenas Pečeti - Česko - 14. stol czenas Seals (numismatics) - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century czenas Sfragistika - Česko czenas Sphragistics - Czech Republic czenas Siegel (DE-588)4054876-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)11944755X (DE-588)4054876-4 |
| title | Pečeti Jana Lucemburského |
| title_auth | Pečeti Jana Lucemburského |
| title_exact_search | Pečeti Jana Lucemburského |
| title_full | Pečeti Jana Lucemburského Karel Maráz |
| title_fullStr | Pečeti Jana Lucemburského Karel Maráz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pečeti Jana Lucemburského Karel Maráz |
| title_short | Pečeti Jana Lucemburského |
| title_sort | peceti jana lucemburskeho |
| topic | Jan Lucemburský / český král / 1296-1346 czenas Jan Lucemburský / King of Bohemia / 1296-1346 / eczenas czenas Jan Lucemburský <King of Bohemia, 1296-1346> czenas Jan Lucemburský <český král, 1296-1346> czenas Johann Böhmen, König 1296-1346 (DE-588)11944755X gnd Panovníci / Česko / 14. stol czenas Pečeti / Česko / 14. stol czenas Sfragistika / Česko czenas Kings and rulers / Czech Republic / Bohemia / 14th century czenas Seals (numismatics) / Czech Republic / Bohemia / 14th century czenas Sphragistics / Czech Republic czenas Kings and rulers - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century czenas Panovníci - Česko - 14. stol czenas Pečeti - Česko - 14. stol czenas Seals (numismatics) - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century czenas Sfragistika - Česko czenas Sphragistics - Czech Republic czenas Siegel (DE-588)4054876-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Jan Lucemburský / český král / 1296-1346 Jan Lucemburský / King of Bohemia / 1296-1346 / eczenas Jan Lucemburský <King of Bohemia, 1296-1346> Jan Lucemburský <český král, 1296-1346> Johann Böhmen, König 1296-1346 Panovníci / Česko / 14. stol Pečeti / Česko / 14. stol Sfragistika / Česko Kings and rulers / Czech Republic / Bohemia / 14th century Seals (numismatics) / Czech Republic / Bohemia / 14th century Sphragistics / Czech Republic Kings and rulers - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century Panovníci - Česko - 14. stol Pečeti - Česko - 14. stol Seals (numismatics) - Czech Republic - Bohemia - 14th century Sfragistika - Česko Sphragistics - Czech Republic Siegel Tschechische Republik Studie Studies |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017071118&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017071118&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV043206955 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marazkarel pecetijanalucemburskeho |