In vivo NMR spectroscopy: principles and techniques
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester [u.a.]
Wiley
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 570 S., [8] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780470026700 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Graaf, Robin A. de |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a In vivo NMR spectroscopy |b principles and techniques |c Robin A. de Graaf |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester [u.a.] |b Wiley |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XXI, 570 S., [8] Bl. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | |a Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Magnetic resonance imaging | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |x diagnostic use | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |x methods | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Magnetic resonance imaging | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a NMR-Spektroskopie |0 (DE-588)4075421-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a In vivo |0 (DE-588)4250700-5 |D s |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017069705 | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138548570357760 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xiii
List of Abbreviations and Symbols xv
1 Basic Principles 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Classical Description 2
1.3 Quantum Mechanical Description 4
1.4 Macroscopic Magnetization 6
1.5 Excitation 8
1.6 B loch Equations 11
1.7 Fourier Transform NMR 14
1.8 Chemical Shift 18
1.9 Digital Fourier Transform NMR 20
1.9.1 Multi-scan Principle 20
1.9.2 Time-domain Filtering 20
1.9.3 Analog-To-Digital Conversion 22
1.9.4 Zero Filling 25
1.10 Spin-spin Coupling 26
1.10.1 Spectral Characteristics 30
1.11 Ti Relaxation 33
1.12 T2 Relaxation and Spin-echoes 36
1.13 Exercises 38
References 41
2 In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy - Static Aspects 43
2.1 Introduction 43
2.2 Proton NMR Spectroscopy 43
2.2.1 Acetate (Ace) 45
2.2.2 N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA) 45
vi Contents
2.2.3 Af-Acetyl Aspartyl Glutamate (NAAG) 52
2.2.4 Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) 52
2.2.5 Alanine (Ala) 53
2.2.6 7-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) 54
2.2.7 Ascorbic Acid (Asc) 54
2.2.8 Aspartate (Asp) 55
2.2.9 Choline-containing Compounds (tCho) 55
2.2.10 Creatine (Cr) and Phosphocreatine (PCr) 57
2.2.11 Ethanolamine and Phosphorylethanolamine (PE) 58
2.2.12 Glucose (Glc) 59
2.2.13 Glutamate (Glu) 59
2.2.14 Glutamine (Gin) 61
2.2.15 Glutathione (GSH) 62
2.2.16 Glycerol 62
2.2.17 Glycine 63
2.2.18 Glycogen 63
2.2.19 Histamine 64
2.2.20 Histidine 65
2.2.21 Homocarnosine 65
2.2.22 /3-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) 66
2.2.23 Myo-Inositol (ml) and «ry//o-Inositol (si) 66
2.2.24 Lactate (Lac) 67
2.2.25 Macromolecules 68
2.2.26 Phenylalanine 70
2.2.27 Pyruvate 70
2.2.28 Serine 71
2.2.29 Succinate 71
2.2.30 Taurine (Tau) 72
2.2.31 Threonine (Thr) 72
2.2.32 Tryptophan (Trp) 73
2.2.33 Tyrosine (Tyr) 73
2.2.34 Valine (Val) 74
2.2.35 Water 74
2.2.36 Intra- and Extramyocellular Lipids (IMCL and EMCL) 75
2.2.37 Deoxymyoglobin (DMb) 76
2.2.38 Citric Acid 77
2.2.39 Carnosine 78
2.3 Phosphorus-31 NMR Spectroscopy 78
2.3.1 Identification of Resonances 79
2.3.2 Intracellular pH 80
2.4 Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy 82
2.4.1 Identification of Resonances 82
2.5 Sodium-23 and Potassium-39 NMR Spectroscopy 85
2.6 Fluorine-19 NMR Spectroscopy 89
2.6.1 Identification of Resonances 89
Contents vii
2.6.2 Fluorinated Drags, Anaesthetics, and Fluorodeoxyglucose
Metabolism 90
2.6.3 Fluorinated Probes 92
2.7 Exercises 93
References 95
3 In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy - Dynamic Aspects 111
3.1 Introduction 111
3.2 Relaxation 112
3.2.1 General Principles of Dipolar Relaxation 112
3.2.2 Nuclear Overhauser Effect 118
3.2.3 Alternative Relaxation Mechanisms 119
3.2.4 In Vivo Relaxation 122
3.3 Magnetization Transfer 128
3.3.1 Creatine Kinase 130
3.3.2 Inversion Transfer 131
3.3.3 Saturation Transfer 131
3.3.4 ATpases 134
3.3.5 Fast Magnetization Transfer Methods 135
3.3.6 Off-resonance Magnetization Transfer 136
3.3.7 Chemical Exchange Dependent Saturation Transfer 141
3.4 Diffusion 141
3.4.1 Principles of Diffusion 141
3.4.2 Diffusion and NMR 143
3.4.3 Anisotropic Diffusion 152
3.4.4 Restricted Diffusion 156
3.5 Dynamic Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy 158
3.5.1 General Set-up 160
3.5.2 Metabolic Modeling 162
3.5.3 Substrates 166
3.5.4 Applications 171
3.6 Hyperpolarization 171
3.6.1 Brute Force Hyperpolarization 172
3.6.2 Optical Pumping of Noble Gases 173
3.6.3 Para-hydrogen-induced Polarization (PHIP) 175
3.6.4 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization 177
3.7 Exercises 179
References 181
4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 191
4.1 Introduction 191
4.2 Magnetic Field Gradients 192
4.3 Slice Selection 193
4.4 Frequency Encoding 195
4.5 Phase Encoding 201
viii Contents
4.6 Spatial Frequency Space 202
4.7 Fast MRI Sequences 206
4.7.1 Echo-planar Imaging 208
4.8 Contrast in MRI 212
4.8.1 Ti and T2 Relaxation Mapping 213
4.8.2 Fast Ti and T2 Relaxation Mapping 214
4.8.3 Magnetic Field Bo Mapping 216
4.8.4 Magnetic Field Bi Mapping 218
4.8.5 Alternative Image Contrast Mechanisms 219
4.8.6 Functional Imaging 220
4.9 Parallel MRI 222
4.10 Exercises 225
References 229
5 Radiofrequency Pulses 233
5.1 Introduction 233
5.2 Square RF Pulses 233
5.3 Selective RF Pulses 239
5.3.1 Sine Pulses 239
5.3.2 Gaussian and Hermitian Pulses 243
5.3.3 Multifrequency RF Pulses 246
5.4 Pulse Optimization 247
5.4.1 Shinnar-Le Roux Algorithm 248
5.5 DANTE RF Pulses 254
5.6 Composite RF Pulses 255
5.7 Adiabatic RF Pulses 258
5.7.1 Rotating Frames of Reference 259
5.7.2 Adiabatic Half and Full Passage Pulses 262
5.7.3 Plane Rotations and Refocused Component 268
5.7.4 Adiabatic Full Passage Refocusing 269
5.7.5 Adiabatic Plane Rotation Pulses 269
5.7.6 Variable Angle Adiabatic Plane Rotation Pulse, BIR-4 271
5.7.7 Modulation Functions 274
5.7.8 Offset-independent Adiabaticity 275
5.8 Pulse Imperfections and Relaxation 276
5.9 Power Deposition 280
5.10 Multidimensional RF Pulses 283
5.11 Spectral-spatial RF Pulses 289
5.12 Exercises 290
References 292
6 Single Volume Localization and Water Suppression 297
6.1 Introduction 297
6.2 Single Volume Localization 299
6.2.1 Image Selected In Vivo Spectroscopy (ISIS) 299
6.2.2 Chemical Shift Displacement 302
Contents ix
6.2.3 Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode (STEAM) 306
6.2.4 Point Resolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) 310
6.2.5 Signal Dephasing with Magnetic Field Gradients 311
6.2.6 Effects of Imperfect RF Pulses 317
6.2.7 Localization by Adiabatic Selective Refocusing
(LASER) 320
6.2.8 Chemical Shift Displacement - Scalar-coupled Spins 322
6.3 Water Suppression 325
6.3.1 Binomial and Related Pulse Sequences 326
6.3.2 Frequency Selective Excitation 333
6.3.3 Frequency Selective Refocusing 337
6.3.4 Relaxation Based Methods 338
6.3.5 Non-water-suppressed NMR Spectroscopy 340
6.4 Exercises 341
References 344
7 Spectroscopic Imaging and Multivolume Localization 349
7.1 Introduction 349
7.2 Principles of Spectroscopic Imaging 349
7.3 Spatial Resolution in MRSI 354
7.4 Temporal Resolution in MRSI 357
7.4.1 Conventional Methods 357
7.4.2 Methods Based on Fast MRI Sequences 361
7.4.3 Methods Based on Prior Knowledge 365
7.5 Lipid Suppression 367
7.5.1 Relaxation Based Methods 368
7.5.2 Outer Volume Suppression and Volume
Pre-localization 368
7.5.3 Methods Utilizing Spatial Prior Knowledge 371
7.6 Spectroscopic Imaging Processing and Display 373
7.7 Multivolume Localization 377
7.7.1 Hadamard Localization 378
7.7.2 Sequential Multivolume Localization 380
7.8 Exercises 382
References 384
8 Spectral Editing and Two-dimensional NMR 389
8.1 Introduction 389
8.2 Scalar Evolution 390
8.3 J-difference Editing 392
8.4 Practical Considerations of J-difference Editing 397
8.5 Multiple Quantum Coherence Editing 402
8.6 Heteronuclear Spectral Editing 407
8.7 Polarization Transfer - INEPT and DEPT 409
8.8 Sensitivity 414
8.9 Broadband Decoupling 416
x Contents
8.10 Two-dimensional NMR Spectroscopy 421
8.10.1 Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY) 422
8.10.2 Spin-echo or J-resolved NMR 432
8.10.3 Two-dimensional Exchange Spectroscopy 434
8.11 Exercises 438
References 440
9 Spectral Quantification 445
9.1 Introduction 445
9.2 Data Acquisition 446
9.3 Data Pre-processing 449
9.3.1 Phasing and Frequency Alignment 450
9.3.2 Lineshape Correction 450
9.3.3 Removal of Residual Water 451
9.3.4 Baseline Correction 453
9.4 Data Quantification 453
9.4.1 Time-and Frequency-domain Parameters 454
9.4.2 Prior Knowledge 457
9.4.3 Spectral Fitting Algorithms 460
9.4.4 Error Estimation 464
9.5 Data Calibration 466
9.5.1 Internal Concentration Reference 470
9.5.2 External Concentration Reference 472
9.5.3 Phantom Replacement External Concentration
Reference 473
9.6 Exercises 473
References 475
10 Hardware 479
10.1 Introduction 479
10.2 Magnets 480
10.3 Magnetic Field Homogeneity 484
10.3.1 Origins and Effects of Magnetic Field Inhomogeneity
In Vivo 484
10.3.2 Active Shimming 489
10.3.3 Shimming Hardware 492
10.3.4 Manual Shimming 492
10.3.5 Magnetic Field Map Based Shimming 494
10.3.6 Projection Based Shimming 497
10.3.7 Dynamic Shim Updating (DSU) 499
10.3.8 Passive Shimming 502
10.4 Magnetic Field Gradients 502
10.4.1 Eddy Currents 506
10.4.2 Pre-Emphasis 508
10.4.3 Active Shielding 512
Contents xi
10.5 Radiofrequency Coils 512
10.5.1 Resonant LCR Circuits 513
10.5.2 RF Coil Performance 519
10.5.3 Spatial Field Properties 521
10.5.4 Principle of Reciprocity I 526
10.5.5 Principle of Reciprocity II 529
10.6 Radiofrequency Coil Types 530
10.6.1 Combined Transmit and Receive RF Coils 531
10.6.2 Phased-array Coils 532
10.6.3 H-f^C] and C-^H] RF Coils 533
10.6.4 Cooled (Superconducting) RF Coils 536
10.7 Complete MR System 536
10.7.1 RF Transmission 536
10.7.2 Signal Reception 537
10.7.3 Quadrature Detection 539
10.7.4 Dynamic Range 540
10.7.5 Gradient and Shim Systems 541
10.8 Exercises 542
References 545
Appendix 549
Al Matrix Calculations 549
A2 Trigonometric Equations 551
A3 Fourier Transformation 551
A3.1 Introduction 552
A3.2 Properties 553
A3.3 Discrete Fourier Transformation 554
A4 Product Operator Formalism 554
A4.1 Cartesian Product Operators 555
A4.2 Spherical Tensor Product Operators 556
References 559
Further Reading 560
Index 563
|
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| spelling | Graaf, Robin A. de Verfasser aut In vivo NMR spectroscopy principles and techniques Robin A. de Graaf 2. ed. Chichester [u.a.] Wiley 2007 XXI, 570 S., [8] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy diagnostic use Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods NMR-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4075421-2 gnd rswk-swf In vivo (DE-588)4250700-5 gnd rswk-swf Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd rswk-swf Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 s DE-604 NMR-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4075421-2 s In vivo (DE-588)4250700-5 s 1\p DE-604 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0717/2007018548.html Inhaltsverzeichnis http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0826/2007018548-d.html Publisher description Inhaltstext DE-605 pdf/application http://www.gbv.de/dms/hbz/toc/ht014984612.pdf 2008-11-15 Inhaltsverzeichnis HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017069705&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Graaf, Robin A. de In vivo NMR spectroscopy principles and techniques Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy diagnostic use Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods NMR-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4075421-2 gnd In vivo (DE-588)4250700-5 gnd Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4075421-2 (DE-588)4250700-5 (DE-588)4120806-7 |
| title | In vivo NMR spectroscopy principles and techniques |
| title_auth | In vivo NMR spectroscopy principles and techniques |
| title_exact_search | In vivo NMR spectroscopy principles and techniques |
| title_full | In vivo NMR spectroscopy principles and techniques Robin A. de Graaf |
| title_fullStr | In vivo NMR spectroscopy principles and techniques Robin A. de Graaf |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vivo NMR spectroscopy principles and techniques Robin A. de Graaf |
| title_short | In vivo NMR spectroscopy |
| title_sort | in vivo nmr spectroscopy principles and techniques |
| title_sub | principles and techniques |
| topic | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy diagnostic use Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods NMR-Spektroskopie (DE-588)4075421-2 gnd In vivo (DE-588)4250700-5 gnd Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy diagnostic use Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods NMR-Spektroskopie In vivo Kernspintomografie |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0717/2007018548.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0826/2007018548-d.html http://www.gbv.de/dms/hbz/toc/ht014984612.pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017069705&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT graafrobinade invivonmrspectroscopyprinciplesandtechniques |
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