Physical foundations of cosmology:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ., reprint. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 421 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780521563987 0521563984 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Mukhanov, Viatcheslav F. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)131984047 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Physical foundations of cosmology |c Viatcheslav Mukhanov |
| 250 | |a 1. publ., reprint. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 421 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138546561286145 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Foreword by Professor Andrei
Linde page
xi
Preface
xiv
Acknowledgements
xvi
Units and conventions
xvii
Part I Homogeneous
isotropie
universe
1
1
Kinematics and dynamics of an expanding universe
3
1.1
Hubble law
4
1.2
Dynamics of dust in Newtonian cosmology
8
1.2.1
Continuity equation
9
1.2.2
Acceleration equation
9
1.2.3
Newtonian solutions
10
1.3
From Newtonian to relativistic cosmology
13
1.3.1
Geometry of an homogeneous,
isotropie
space
14
1.3.2
The Einstein equations and cosmic evolution
19
1.3.3 Friedmann
equations
22
1.3.4
Conformai
time and relativistic solutions
24
1.3.5
Milne universe
27
1.3.6
De
Sitter universe
29
2
Propagation of light and horizons
37
2.1
Light geodesies
37
2.2
Horizons
38
2.3
Conformai
diagrams
41
2.4
Redshift
55
2.4.1
Redshift as a measure of time and distance
58
2.5
Kinematic tests
60
2.5.1
Angular diameter-redshift relation
60
2.5.2
Luminosity-redshift relation
64
vi
Contents
2.5.3
Number counts
66
2.5.4
Redshift evolution
67
3
The hot universe
69
3.1
The composition of the universe
69
3.2
Brief thermal history
72
3.3
Rudiments of thermodynamics
74
3.3.1
Maximal entropy state, thermal spectrum,
conservation laws and chemical potentials
75
3.3.2
Energy density, pressure and the equation of state
79
3.3.3
Calculating integrals
82
3.3.4
Ultra-relativistic particles
85
3.3.5
Nonrelativistic particles
88
3.4
Lepton
era
89
3.4.1
Chemical potentials
92
3.4.2
Neutrino decoupling and electron-positron annihilation
94
3.5
Nucleosynthesis
97
3.5.1
Freeze-out of neutrons
98
3.5.2
Deuterium bottleneck
104
3.5.3
Helium-4
108
3.5.4
Deuterium
112
3.5.5
The other light elements
117
3.6
Recombination
120
3.6.1
Helium recombination
120
3.6.2
Hydrogen recombination: equilibrium consideration
122
3.6.3
Hydrogen recombination: the kinetic approach
123
4
The very early universe
131
4.1
Basics
132
4.1.1
Local gauge
invariance
133
4.1.2
Non-Abelian
gauge theories
135
4.2
Quantum chromodynamics and quark-gluon plasma
138
4.2.1
Running coupling constant and asymptotic freedom
141
4.2.2
Cosmologica!
quark-gluon phase transition
146
4.3
Electroweak theory
150
4.3.1
Fermion content
151
4.3.2
Spontaneous breaking of i/(l) symmetry
153
4.3.3
Gauge bosons
154
4.3.4
Fermion interactions
158
4.3.5
Fermion masses
160
4.3.6
CP violation
162
Contents
vii
4.4
Symmetry restoration and phase transitions
165
4.4.1
Effective potential
165
4.4.2 17(1)
model
170
4.4.3
Symmetry restoration at high temperature
173
4.4.4
Phase transitions
174
4.4.5
Electroweak phase transition
176
4.5
Instantons,
sphalerons and the early universe
180
4.5.1
Particle escape from a potential well
180
4.5.2
Decay of the metastable vacuum
184
4.5.3
The vacuum structure of gauge theories
190
4.5.4
Chiral anomaly and nonconservation of the
fermion number
196
4.6
Beyond the Standard Model
199
4.6.1
Dark matter candidates
203
4.6.2
Baryogenesis
210
4.6.3
Topological defects
216
5
Inflation I: homogeneous limit
226
5.1
Problem of initial conditions
226
5.2
Inflation: main idea
229
5.3
How can gravity become repulsive ?
233
5.4
How to realize the equation of state
ρ
«a
—
ε
235
5.4.1
Simple example:
У
=
|m
V·
236
5.4.2
General potential: slow-roll approximation
241
5.5
Preheating and reheating
243
5.5.1
Elementary theory
244
5.5.2
Narrow resonance
245
5.5.3
Broad resonance
249
5.5.4
Implications
255
5.6
Menu of scenarios
256
Partii Inhomogeneous
universe
263
6
Gravitational instability in Newtonian theory
265
6.1
Basic equations
266
6.2
Jeans theory
267
6.2.1
Adiabatic perturbations
269
6.2.2
Vector perturbations
270
6.2.3
Entropy perturbations
270
6.3
Instability in an expanding universe
271
6.3.1
Adiabatic perturbations
273
6.3.2
Vector perturbations
275
viii Contents
6.3.3
Self-similar solution
275
6.3.4
Cold matter in the presence of radiation or dark energy
276
6.4
Beyond linear approximation
279
6.4.1
Tolman
solution
281
6.4.2
Zeľdovich
solution
283
6.4.3
Cosmic web
286
7
Gravitational instability in General Relativity
289
7.1
Perturbations and gauge-invariant variables
290
7.1.1
Classification of perturbations
291
7.1.2
Gauge transformations and gauge-invariant variables
292
7.1.3
Coordinate systems
295
7.2
Equations for cosmological perturbations
297
7.3
Hydrodynamical perturbations
299
7.3.1
Scalar perturbations
299
7.3.2
Vector and tensor perturbations
309
7.4
Baryon-radiation plasma and cold dark matter
310
7.4.1
Equations
311
7.4.2
Evolution of perturbations and transfer functions
314
8
Inflation II: origin of the primordial inhomogeneities
322
8.1
Characterizing perturbations
323
8.2
Perturbations on inflation (slow-roll approximation)
325
8.2.1
Inside the Hubble scale
327
8.2.2
The spectrum of generated perturbations
329
8.2.3
Why do we need inflation?
332
8.3
Quantum cosmological perturbations
334
8.3.1
Equations
335
8.3.2
Classical solutions
337
8.3.3
Quantizing perturbations
340
8.4
Gravitational waves from inflation
348
8.5
Self-reproduction of the universe
352
8.6
Inflation as a theory with predictive power
354
9
Cosmic microwave background anisotropies
356
9.1
Basics
357
9.2
Sachs-Wolfe effect
360
9.3
Initial conditions
363
9.4
Correlation function and multipoles
365
9.5
Anisotropies on large angular scales
367
9.6
Delayed recombination and the finite thickness effect
369
9.7
Anisotropies on small angular scales
374
9.7.1
Transfer functions
374
Contents ix
9.7.2 Multipole
moments
377
9.7.3 Parameters 379
9.7.4
Calculating the spectrum
382
9.8
Determining cosmic parameters
385
9.9
Gravitational waves
391
9.10
Polarization of the cosmic microwave background
395
9.10.1
Polarization tensor
396
9.10.2
Thomson scattering and polarization
398
9.10.3
Delayed recombination and polarization
400
9.10.4
E
and
В
polarization modes and correlation functions
402
9.11
Reionization
407
Bibliography
410
Expanding universe (Chapters
1
and
2) 410
Hot universe and nucleosynthesis (Chapter
3) 411
Particle physics and early universe (Chapter
4) 412
Inflation (Chapters
5
and
8) 414
Gravitational instability (Chapters
6
and
7) 416
CMB fluctuations (Chapter
9) 417
Index
419
|
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| spelling | Mukhanov, Viatcheslav F. Verfasser (DE-588)131984047 aut Physical foundations of cosmology Viatcheslav Mukhanov 1. publ., reprint. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2008 XIX, 421 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017068177&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mukhanov, Viatcheslav F. Physical foundations of cosmology Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4114294-9 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Physical foundations of cosmology |
| title_auth | Physical foundations of cosmology |
| title_exact_search | Physical foundations of cosmology |
| title_full | Physical foundations of cosmology Viatcheslav Mukhanov |
| title_fullStr | Physical foundations of cosmology Viatcheslav Mukhanov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physical foundations of cosmology Viatcheslav Mukhanov |
| title_short | Physical foundations of cosmology |
| title_sort | physical foundations of cosmology |
| topic | Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kosmologie Lehrbuch |
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