The chronically poor in rural Bangladesh: livelihood constraints and capabilities
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
Routledge
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ |
| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge studies in development economics series
66 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index Erscheint: Oktober 2008 |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 187 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780415464680 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The chronically poor in rural Bangladesh |b livelihood constraints and capabilities |c Pk. Md. Motiur Rahman |
| 250 | |a 1. publ | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b Routledge |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 187 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Routledge studies in development economics series |v 66 | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 500 | |a Erscheint: Oktober 2008 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Rural poor - Bangladesh | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Rural poor |z Bangladesh | |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Bangladesh - Rural conditions | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Bangladesh - Social conditions | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Bangladesh |x Rural conditions | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Bangladesh |x Social conditions | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138533115396096 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of illustrations xii
Preface xviii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Understanding of the chronically poor 1
1.2 The state of the chronically poor and its
intergenerational mobility 3
1.3 Dynamic poverty groups of study households 4
1.4 Aims of the book and components of
framework 5
1.5 Plan of the book 6
PARTI
Socio-demographic issues 9
2 Population and household characteristics 11
2.1 Age and sex composition of household
members 11
2.2 Distribution of households by religion 13
2.3 Gender dimensions of poverty 14
2.4 Household size 16
2.5 Household size and gender of headship 16
2.6 Structure of the main house 19
2.7 Ownership of homestead land 21
2.8 Poverty and access to public goods and
services 22
2.9 Fuel used for cooking 24
2.10 Poverty and disability 24
viii Contents
PART II
Monetary issues 27
3 Distribution of household income and expenditure 29
3.1 Income distribution 29
3.2 Per capita income 30
3.3 Breakdown of income inequality 31
3.4 Share of income by sources 34
3.5 Gender and income differentials 35
3.6 Food and non-food expenditure 37
3.7 Engel ratio: theory and measurement 41
4 Household assets and liabilities 46
4.1 Asset composition and distribution 46
4.2 Poverty and access to land assets 47
4.3 Value of land assets 48
4.4 Composition of other productive and household
durable assets 49
4.5 Gender and access to assets 52
4.6 Asset disposal and its causes 53
4.7 Assets bought 54
4.8 Outstanding loans 54
4.9 Reasons for taking loans 57
PART III
Health and nutrition issues 59
5 Health and child nutrition 61
5.1 Introduction 61
5.2 Access to health services 63
5.3 Income erosion due to illness 65
5.4 Private health expenditure 66
5.5 Maternal and child healthcare 67
5.6 Delivery care 69
5.7 Anthropometric measures of child nutrition 71
6 Food, nutrition and dietary diversity 77
6.1 Introduction 77
6.2 Food intake 78
Contents ix
6.3 Calorie intake 79
6.4 Calorie intake by food group 80
6.5 Variations in calorie intake 81
6.6 Dietary diversity by economic class 83
6.7 Estimated calorie consumption functions 84
7 Poverty and food security 91
7.1 Definition of food security 91
7.2 Food security 91
7.3 Perception of food insecurity 92
7.4 Duration of food insecurity 93
7.5 Food insecurity and dietary adjustment 94
7.6 Seasonality in food insecurity 95
7.7 Dynamics of food security by economic class 98
PART IV
Human- and social-capital issues 103
8 Poverty and human capital: Education and literacy 105
8.1 Introduction 105
8.2 Literacy and education 106
8.3 Adult education 108
8.4 Gender and year of schooling 108
8.5 Gender and age matter to education 111
8.6 Uneven access to education 112
8.7 Private investment in human capital 112
8.8 Does poverty matter deprivation in education? 114
8.9 Poverty of Opportunity Index (POPI) in education 116
9 Profile of social capital and women s mobility 118
9.1 Introduction 118
9.2 Social capital 119
9.3 Membership and formation of institutional capital 120
9.4 Memberships of adult members by economic class 120
9.5 Diversity in participation with local institutions 122
9.6 Women s mobility 122
9.7 Women s involvement in outside activities 123
9.8 Women s expenditure pattern by economic class 124
9.9 Women s participation in local institutions 125
9.10 Asset ownership and women s decision-making power 126
x Contents
PARTV
Vulnerability issues 129
10 Livelihood strategies: Constraints and choices 131
10.1 Introduction 131
10.2 Livelihood of male household heads 131
10.3 Livelihood of female household heads 132
10.4 Secondary livelihood activities of household
heads 133
10.5 Livelihood strategies of household members 134
10.6 Scenario of child labour 135
10.7 Livelihood strategies of child labour 137
11 Shocks and coping strategies 141
11.1 Introduction 141
11.2 Effects of shocks 142
11.3 Covariate shocks and vulnerability 143
11.4 Average loss due to covariate shocks 143
11.5 Idiosyncratic shocks and vulnerability 144
11.6 Coping strategies for shocks 146
12 Vulnerability to poverty in rural Bangladesh 149
12.1 Introduction 149
12.2 Vulnerability to shocks and poverty 150
12.3 Method for assessment of vulnerability 152
12.4 The poverty-line income 154
12.5 Measurement of vulnerability 154
12.6 Poverty and vulnerability categories by
educational level 156
12.7 Poverty and vulnerability by landholding size 158
12.8 Poverty and vulnerability by gender of
household heads 160
13 Synthesis and recommendations 162
13.1 Constraints and capabilities 162
13.2 Vulnerability 167
Appendix 1 Quantitative survey 170
Appendix 2 List and location of selected villages 173
Contents xi
Appendix 3 Important socio-economic indicators of sample
households 175
Appendix 4 Important socio-economic indicators of sample
households by year of schooling 176
Appendix 5 Important socio-economic indicators of
sample households by landholding size 177
Appendix 6 Important socio-economic indicators of sample
households by gender 178
Bibliography 179
Index 183
Illustrations
Figures
2.1 Dependency ratio by economic class 12
2.2 Distribution of households by religion 13
2.3 Average household size by economic class 17
2.4 Average household size by gender of household heads 18
2.5 Sex ratio by gender of household heads 18
2.6 Dependency ratio by gender of household heads 19
2.7 Household structure by economic class 20
3.1 Average monthly income by gender 36
3.2 Average monthly income by gender and economic class 37
4.1 Average landholding size 48
4.2 Average land-ownership size by gender 49
4.3 Average outstanding loans as per cent of asset value 56
5.1 Per capita resource-allocation on health 62
5.2 Morbidity by economic class 63
5.3 Percentage of individuals whose income was eroded 66
5.4 Percentage of mothers who received postnatal care 69
5.5 Percentage of deliveries by place and economic class 70
5.6 Deliveries by birth attendant 71
5.7 Moderate child-malnutrition rates (per cent) 75
5.8 Severe child-malnutrition rates (per cent) 76
7.1 Food security by economic class 92
7.2 Percentage of households who could not provide three
meals per day 94
7.3 Duration of food inadequacy 95
7.4 Adjustment of diet for food insecurity 96
7.5 Seasonality in food insecurity 97
8.1 Trend in per capita public resource allocation for education 106
8.2 Illiteracy rates by economic class 108
8.3 Adult illiteracy rate by economic class and gender 109
8.4 Average year of schooling by economic class and gender 110
8.5 Average year of schooling by age and gender 111
Illustrations xiii
8.6 Annual private investment on education 113
8.7 Value of (POPI) by economic class 117
12.1 Shocks, vulnerability and poverty trap 151
Tables
Note
Total of all percentages in all tables may not be equal to 100 due to rounding.
1.1 Mobility matrix of poverty state for grandfathers and
fathers of chronically poor respondents 3
1.2 Mobility matrix of poverty state for chronically poor
respondents and their fathers 4
1.3 Distribution of sample households by economic class 5
2.1 Percentage distribution of population by age group
and gender 11
2.2 Sample household population by age, sex and economic
class 12
2.3 Distribution of households by religion and
economic class 13
2.4 Distribution of household heads by gender and
economic class 15
2.5 Marital status of household heads by gender 15
2.6 Average household size by economic class 16
2.7 Distribution of household members by age, sex
and gender of headship 17
2.8 Distribution of sample households by structure of house
and economic class 19
2.9 Percentage distribution of households with separate
kitchens by economic class 21
2.10 Distribution of households by ownership of homestead
land by economic class 22
2.11 Percentage distribution of households with electricity
connection by economic class 22
2.12 Source of drinking water by economic class 23
2.13 Distribution of households by type of latrine used
and economic class 23
2.14 Fuel used for cooking by economic class 25
2.15 Distribution of physically handicapped persons by
economic class 25
3.1 Average monthly household income by economic class 29
3.2 Monthly per capita income by economic class 30
3.3 Breakdown of income inequality by factor of income of
non-poor households 32
xiv Illustrations
3.4 Breakdown of income inequality by factor of income
of descending non-poor households 32
3.5 Breakdown of income inequality by factor of income
of ascending poor households 33
3.6 Breakdown of income inequality by factor of income of
chronically poor households 33
3.7 Percentage share of income by source and economic class 35
3.8 Average household income by gender 35
3.9 Average monthly income by gender and economic class 37
3.10 Average monthly household expenditure on food items
by economic class 39
3.11 Monthly expenditure on non-food items per household 40
3.12 Monthly per capita food and non-food expenditure
by economic class 41
3.13 The Engel ratio for monthly food consumption by food
items and economic class 42
3.14 Estimated Engel ratio for non-food items by
economic class 43
3.15 Estimated Engel elasticity of food grains by economic class 44
3.16 Estimated Engel elasticity for non-food items
by economic class 45
4.1 Average value of assets by economic class 46
4.2 Distribution of households by land ownership
and economic class 48
4.3 Value of land assets by economic class 49
4.4 Average value of household durable assets 50
4.5 Average value of other productive and household durable
assets by economic class 50
4.6 Pattern of asset-ownership by economic class 51
4.7 Average value of assets by type and gender of
household head 52
4.8 Average value of sold assets 53
4.9 Reasons for selling assets by economic class 54
4.10 Average value of assets bought 55
4.11 Average outstanding loan in last 12 months
by economic class 55
4.12 Distribution of borrowing households by source of
loans and economic class 56
4.13 Reasons for taking loans by economic class 57
5.1 Trends in resource-allocation in ADP in the health,
population and welfare sectors 62
5.2 Percentage of household members affected by illness in
the three months preceding the survey by economic class 63
5.3 Proportion of morbidity from top 20 symptoms/diseases
in the three months preceding the survey by economic class 64
Illustrations xv
5.4 Duration of illness by economic class 65
5.5 Average income erosion due to illness by economic class 65
5.6 Average private health expenditure on treatment in
the three months preceding the survey 67
5.7 Gini index for health expenditure 67
5.8 Percentage distribution of last births in the three years
preceding the survey by source of ANC provider and
economic class 68
5.9 Percentage of mothers who received postnatal care by
economic class 69
5.10 Percentage distribution of deliveries in the three years
preceding the survey by place of delivery and economic class 70
5.11 Utilization rates of birth attendant by economic class 71
5.12 Cut-off levels of Z-score indices 73
5.13 Description of statistics for underweight children
by economic class 73
5.14 Description of statistics for wasted children
by economic class 73
5.15 Description of statistics for stunted children
by economic class 73
5.16 Percentage distribution of moderately underweight, wasted
and stunted children by economic class 74
5.17 Percentage distribution of severely underweight.
wasted and stunted children by economic class 75
5.18 Comparison of wasted, stunted and underweight
children between CNS 2000 and 2004 76
6.1 Per capita per day food intake by economic class 78
6.2 Per capita per day food intake by food item and
economic class 79
6.3 Average calorie intake/capita/day 79
6.4 Calorie intake/capita/day by source and economic class 80
6.5 Distribution of households by level of calorie intake
and economic class 81
6.6 Average calorie intake (kcal/capita/day) by household size 82
6.7 Dietary diversity by economic class (per cent) 83
6.8 Balanced share of calorie intake by broad food group 84
6.9 Estimated models and calorie-income elasticities at
different levels of income and economic class 86
6.10 Estimated daily calorie consumption at different levels of
income, models and economic class 88
7.1 Food-security status by economic class 91
7.2 Distribution of households by problems meeting
adequate food needs and economic class 93
7.3 Distribution of households according to duration of
problems in meeting adequate food needs by economic class 94
xvi Illustrations
7.4 Distribution of households who adjusted diet by
economic class 95
7.5 Percentage distribution of households according to food
insecurity by months and economic class 97
7.6 Mobility matrix of food security for non-poor households 99
7.7 Mobility matrix of food security for descending non-poor
households 99
7.8 Mobility matrix of food security for ascending
poor households 100
7.9 Mobility matrix of food security for chronically poor
households 100
8.1 Resource allocation for education as percentage of ADP 106
8.2 Education level of household members (age 7+) by
economic class 107
8.3 Education level of adult household members (age 15+)
by economic class 109
8.4 Average year of schooling of household members (7+ years)
by economic class 110
8.5 Average year of schooling by age and sex 111
8.6 Average year of schooling and its inequality by economic
class 112
8.7 Average annual expenditure on education by economic class 113
8.8 Primary-school aged (6-10 years) children by schooling and
economic class 114
8.9 Secondary-school aged (11-15 years) children by schooling
and economic class 115
8.10 Percentage of children currently enrolled in school
in Bangladesh 115
8.11 Description of variables used in estimating Poverty of
Opportunity Index (POPI) in education 116
8.12 Estimated value of POPI in education by economic class 117
9.1 Percentage of households having relational capital with
rich/politically influential relatives by economic class 120
9.2 Membership of household heads in local institutions 120
9.3 Percentage distribution of adult household members
affiliated with different institutions 121
9.4 Level of involvement in local institution by
economic class (per cent) 122
9.5 Mobility of women to pursue income-generating activities
outside the home by economic class 123
9.6 Women s activities outside the home by economic class 124
9.7 Type of commodities purchased with the own earnings of
wives of household heads and female heads by economic class 125
9.8 Percentage of women associated with local institution
by economic class 125
Illustrations xvii
9.9 Women s involvement in local institutions (per cent) 126
9.10 Status of asset-ownership by women 127
9.11 Women with the decision-making power to dispose
of their assets 127
9.12 Women with decision-making power by gender
of household head and economic class 128
10.1 Primary occupation of male household head by
economic class 132
10.2 Primary occupation of female household head by
economic class 133
10.3 Secondary occupation of male household head
by economic class 134
10.4 Secondary occupation of female household head
by economic class 135
10.5 Distribution of male-headed household members (age 14+)
by occupation and economic class 136
10.6 Distribution of female-headed household members (age 14+)
by occupation and economic class 137
10.7 Distribution of children aged 5-14 years by status, sex and
economic class 138
10.8 Distribution of children aged 5-14 years by sex, activity
and economic class 139
11.1 Household effects of covariate and idiosyncratic shocks 142
11.2 Covariate shocks experienced by households in
2004 by economic class (per cent) 144
11.3 Average loss per household due to covariate shocks
by economic class 144
11.4 Idiosyncratic shocks experienced by households in 2004
by economic class 145
11.5 Coping strategies used by household heads by
economic class 147
12.1 Distribution of sample households by vulnerability
category and poverty status 155
12.2 Poverty incidence by level of education in rural areas, 2004 157
12.3 Poverty and vulnerability categories by education level
(year of schooling) 157
12.4 Poverty and vulnerability by landholding size 159
12.5 Poverty and vulnerability by gender of household heads 160
Boxes
2.1 Widowhood, lack of assets and chronic poverty 14
7.1 Widowhood and food security 98
|
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| geographic | Bangladesh - Rural conditions Bangladesh - Social conditions Bangladesh Rural conditions Bangladesh Social conditions Bangladesch (DE-588)4130903-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Bangladesh - Rural conditions Bangladesh - Social conditions Bangladesh Rural conditions Bangladesh Social conditions Bangladesch |
| id | DE-604.BV035253162 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:29:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780415464680 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2008019114 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017058782 |
| oclc_num | 643840586 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | XIX, 187 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Routledge studies in development economics series |
| series2 | Routledge studies in development economics series |
| spelling | The chronically poor in rural Bangladesh livelihood constraints and capabilities Pk. Md. Motiur Rahman 1. publ New York [u.a.] Routledge 2009 XIX, 187 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge studies in development economics series 66 Includes bibliographical references and index Erscheint: Oktober 2008 Rural poor - Bangladesh Rural poor Bangladesh Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd rswk-swf Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 gnd rswk-swf Bangladesh - Rural conditions Bangladesh - Social conditions Bangladesh Rural conditions Bangladesh Social conditions Bangladesch (DE-588)4130903-0 gnd rswk-swf Bangladesch (DE-588)4130903-0 g Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 s Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 s DE-604 Motiur Rahman, Pramanik Md. Sonstige oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-203-88857-5 Routledge studies in development economics series 66 (DE-604)BV010799582 66 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017058782&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The chronically poor in rural Bangladesh livelihood constraints and capabilities Routledge studies in development economics series Rural poor - Bangladesh Rural poor Bangladesh Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002963-3 (DE-588)4034026-0 (DE-588)4130903-0 |
| title | The chronically poor in rural Bangladesh livelihood constraints and capabilities |
| title_auth | The chronically poor in rural Bangladesh livelihood constraints and capabilities |
| title_exact_search | The chronically poor in rural Bangladesh livelihood constraints and capabilities |
| title_full | The chronically poor in rural Bangladesh livelihood constraints and capabilities Pk. Md. Motiur Rahman |
| title_fullStr | The chronically poor in rural Bangladesh livelihood constraints and capabilities Pk. Md. Motiur Rahman |
| title_full_unstemmed | The chronically poor in rural Bangladesh livelihood constraints and capabilities Pk. Md. Motiur Rahman |
| title_short | The chronically poor in rural Bangladesh |
| title_sort | the chronically poor in rural bangladesh livelihood constraints and capabilities |
| title_sub | livelihood constraints and capabilities |
| topic | Rural poor - Bangladesh Rural poor Bangladesh Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Rural poor - Bangladesh Rural poor Bangladesh Armut Ländlicher Raum Bangladesh - Rural conditions Bangladesh - Social conditions Bangladesh Rural conditions Bangladesh Social conditions Bangladesch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017058782&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV010799582 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT motiurrahmanpramanikmd thechronicallypoorinruralbangladeshlivelihoodconstraintsandcapabilities |