The law of command responsibility:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 307 S. |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The law of command responsibility |c Guénaël Mettraux |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Oxford Univ. Press |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 307 S. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Criminal liability (International law) | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138527103909888 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Table of Cases
PART I INTRODUCTION
1.
The Evolution of the Law of Command Responsibility
and the Principle of Legality
1.1
The shortcomings of international criminal law
and the recognition of command responsibility
1.2
A doctrine born in sin
—
the Yamashita precedent
1.3
The development of the law of command
responsibility and the principle of legality
1.4
The ICC and judicial law-making
2.
The Resurgence of International Criminal Justice
and the Rebirth of Command Responsibility
3.
Command Responsibility under Customary International
Law and the Statute of the International Criminal Court
3.1
The ad hoc tribunals, the ICC and customary international law
3.2
Superior responsibility in the ICC Statute
3.2.1
Article
28
ICC Statute
24
3.2.2
Disjointed doctrines of superior responsibility
26
3.2.3
Different
mens
rea
standards for military and
non-military superiors
30
3.2.4
Duty of superiors to take necessary and reasonable
measures under the ICC Statute
31
3.2.5
Requirement of causality under the ICC Statute
33
PART II NATURE AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION
OF THE DOCTRINE
OF COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
4.
Command Responsibility as
a Sui
Generis Form
of Liability for Omission
4.1
Liability for omission
4.1.1
General remarks
—
whatsortofliabilityisit?
37
4.1.2
Command responsibility and complicity
39
4.1.3
No liability for personal involvement in the crime,
nor a form of strict liability
44
4.1.4
A pre-existing legal duty to act
47
4.1.5
Material ability to prevent or punish crimes
53
4.2
Responsible command
53
4.3
Division of labour between international law and
domestic law
56
4.4
Personal dereliction of duty
63
4.4.1
Attributability
63
4.4.2
Duties of commanders and duties of subordinates
65
4.4.3
Duties of commanders and duties of states
69
4.4.4
Gravity of breach of duty
72
4.5
Connection with the underlying offence
74
4.5.1
Relation of superior-subordinate and effective control
74
4.5.2
Mens
rea
75
4.5.3
The underlying offence
79
4.5.4
Requirement of causation
82
4.6
Extent of liability and sentencing
89
4.7
Overlap of types of liabilities
94
5.
Scope of Application of the Doctrine of Command
Responsibility
—
International and Internal Conflicts
as well as Peacetime?
96
6.
Military Commanders, Civilian Leaders, and
Other Superiors, whether
De
Jure or
De
Facto
100
6.1
Military commanders
100
6.2
Civilian and other non-military leaders
102
6.2.1
General scope of application of the doctrine of
superior responsibility
102
6.2.2
Civilian leaders
103
6.3
Paramilitary commanders and rebel leaders
110
6.3.1
Responsible command and paramilitary leaders
110
6.3.2
Specific evidential challenges
113
6.4
Leaders of terrorist groups
114
6.4.1
Undefined legal status of terrorists under international law
114
6.4.2
Difficulties involved in prosecuting leaders of
terrorist outfits
116
6.4.3
Conclusions
121
6.5
De
jure superiors and
defacto
superiors
122
6.6
Several superiors criminally responsible in relation
to the same crimes
123
PART III ELEMENTS OF COMMAND
RESPONSIBILITY AND UNDERLYING OFFENCES
7.
General Remarks
129
8.
Underlying Offences
131
8.1
Commission of a criminal offence and manner of commission
131
8.2
Perpendicular command responsibility
134
9.
A Superior-Subordinate Relationship Between the Accused
and Those Who Committed the Underlying Offences
138
9.1
Relationship of subordination
138
9.1.1
An inter-personal relationship
138
9.1.2
De
jure
139
9.1.3
Defacto
142
9.1.4
Chain of command
146
9.2
Effective control
156
9.2.1
Definition
156
9.2.2
Parties to that relationship
159
9.2.3
Establishing effective control
163
9.2.4
Threshold of effective control and other forms of authority
182
9.2.5
Relationships of authority in a civilian structure
188
9.3
Requirement of temporal coincidence
190
10.
A Culpable State of Mind
193
10.1
General remarks
193
10.1.1
Requirement of knowledge: from Yamashita to the ICC
193
10.1.2
Customary international law and the ICC
194
10.2
Knowledge
197
10.2.1
Raison
ď
être
oí
the requirement of knowledge
197
10.2.2
Timing of knowledge
198
10.2.3
Knowledge of what?
199
10.2.4
Categories and forms of knowledge
208
10.3
Establishing the required
mens
rea
213
10.3.1
Indiciaof knowledge
213
10.3.2
No imputation of knowledge
216
10.3.3
Information in possession of the superior
217
10.4
Intent not to act despite knowledge
218
10.4.1
Knowledge insufficient
218
10.4.2
Intentional failure to act
219
10.5
Degree of fault
223
10.5.1
No liability without fault
223
10.5.2
Gross negligence
224
10.6
Special intent crimes
226
11.
Breach of a Duty and Consequential Failure to
Prevent or to Punish Crimes of Subordinates
229
11.1
A dual source of liability
—
failure to prevent
or failure to punish crimes
229
11.1.1
Two distinct duties
—
to prevent and to punish crimes
229
11.1.2
Duty to prevent
231
11.1.3
Duty to punish
233
11.1.4
Relationship between the two duties
234
11.2
Dereliction of duty
235
11.2.1
General remarks
—
failure to adopt necessary and
reasonable measures
235
11.2.2
Necessary
237
11.2.3
Reasonable
239
11.2.4
Assessing the propriety of the superior s conduct
242
11.2.5
Concluding remarks
259
11.3
Seriousness of the breach of duty relevant to
superior responsibility
260
11.3.1
Criteria relevant to assess the gravity of the breach
260
11.3.2
Gross violation of duty
260
11.3.3
Disciplinary vs. penal sanctions
262
11.4
Requirement of causality between the failure of the
superior and the crimes
263
11.5
Concluding remarks
263
PART IV CONCLUSION
12.
Concluding Remarks: A Workable Standard
of Liability for Superiors
267
Annex: Relevant Provisions
273
Bibliography
285
Index
297
|
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| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
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| spelling | Mettraux, Guénaël Verfasser (DE-588)137269358 aut The law of command responsibility Guénaël Mettraux 1. publ. Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2009 XXIII, 307 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier War crimes War (International law) Criminal liability (International law) Völkerrechtliches Verbrechen (DE-588)4204241-0 gnd rswk-swf Führer Person (DE-588)4155570-3 gnd rswk-swf Schuld (DE-588)4053460-1 gnd rswk-swf Völkerrechtliches Verbrechen (DE-588)4204241-0 s Führer Person (DE-588)4155570-3 s Schuld (DE-588)4053460-1 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Passau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017054654&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mettraux, Guénaël The law of command responsibility War crimes War (International law) Criminal liability (International law) Völkerrechtliches Verbrechen (DE-588)4204241-0 gnd Führer Person (DE-588)4155570-3 gnd Schuld (DE-588)4053460-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4204241-0 (DE-588)4155570-3 (DE-588)4053460-1 |
| title | The law of command responsibility |
| title_auth | The law of command responsibility |
| title_exact_search | The law of command responsibility |
| title_full | The law of command responsibility Guénaël Mettraux |
| title_fullStr | The law of command responsibility Guénaël Mettraux |
| title_full_unstemmed | The law of command responsibility Guénaël Mettraux |
| title_short | The law of command responsibility |
| title_sort | the law of command responsibility |
| topic | War crimes War (International law) Criminal liability (International law) Völkerrechtliches Verbrechen (DE-588)4204241-0 gnd Führer Person (DE-588)4155570-3 gnd Schuld (DE-588)4053460-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | War crimes War (International law) Criminal liability (International law) Völkerrechtliches Verbrechen Führer Person Schuld |
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