Alzatczycy: dylematy tożsamości
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Polish |
Veröffentlicht: |
Poznań
Wydawn. Naukowe UAM
2006
|
Ausgabe: | Wyd. 1 |
Schriftenreihe: | Seria Etnologia i antropologia kulturowa
24 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Alsatians |
Beschreibung: | 243 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
ISBN: | 8323216177 |
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490 | 1 | |a Seria Etnologia i antropologia kulturowa |v 24 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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---|---|
adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
O sześciu istotnych sprawach na początek
......................................................... 7
Pytanie o tożsamość i postawę badawczą
............................................................... 9
Cele rozważań
........................................................................................................... 13
Uwagi na temat zastosowanej metody
..................................................................... 14
0
źródłach i obszarze badań
..................................................................................... 18
„Mini-portret Alzatczyków czyli o „przedmiocie badań
...................................... 19
0
strukturze książki
................................................................................................. 25
Rozdział I
Tożsamość
-
pomiędzy koncepcją a rzeczywistością
....................................... 29
Wprowadzenie
.......................................................................................................... 29
1. W kręgu definicji tożsamości
................................................................................ 35
2.
Sytuacja pogranicza i odrębność regionalna
....................................................... 49
3.
Tożsamość w skali „europejskiej : idea wspólnoty i kategorie opisu
................. 67
Rozdział
II
Alzatczycy
-
wyróżniki grupy etnicznej
............................................................... 76
Wprowadzenie
.......................................................................................................... 76
1.
Etnonim
i nazwa regionu
..................................................................................... 81
2.
„Potrójna kwestia języka Alzatczyków
.............................................................. 83
3.
Wyobrażenia o „naturalnych granicach regionu
................................................ 89
4.
Wspólna przeszłość -jej mityzacja
..................................................................... 101
Rozdział III
„Pogranicze konfliktu
.............................................................................................. 112
Wprowadzenie
.......................................................................................................... 112
1.
Metafora „wahadła - zmiana przynależności politycznej
.................................. 116
2.
„Być Niemcem albo
............................................................................................ 127
3.
...albo„byćFrancuzem
....................................................................................... 138
Rozdział
IV
„Pogranicze współpracy
......................................................................................... 155
Wprowadzenie
.......................................................................................................... 155
1. Pomiędzy Francją a Unią Europejską
................................................................. 157
2.
Pomiędzy regionalizacją a regionalizmem
..........................................................
l6o
3.
Kulturowy i etniczny wymiar dialektu
................................................................. 165
4.
Tradycja regionalna i style życia
......................................................................... 183
Uwagi na koniec. Szkic o Europie
.......................................................................... 196
Bibliografia
................................................................................................................... 209
Aneks
............................................................................................................................. 221
Alsatians. Identity dilemmas (Summary)
........................................................... 241
ALSATIANS.
IDENTITY DILEMMAS
Summary
The process of formation and creation of identity of communities (ethnic
groups), living in the areas defined as borderlands, is a subject that takes an
important place not only in the works of Polish sociologists, but in those of eth¬
nologists as well. This book is an ethnological study of identity of the commu¬
nity inhabiting Alsace, a region lying at the national, political and cultural bor¬
derland of Germany and France, and which has changed its nationality five
times. Interpretation of Alsatians identity takes into consideration three per¬
spectives. The first one is an outline of the objective dimension of the existence
of this group, thus those features thanks to which it was and still is perceived by
others as different ( distinct ). Of importance here will be the notions of the
French (and those of Germans; however, the source materials on the latter
group are much scarcer). The other concerns subjective images of members of
this community on the way in which in the course of centuries they have pre¬
served the sense and feeling of their own identity. What is meant here is to em¬
phasise the fact that the population shows a number of various attitudes not
only towards the turbulent past of the region, but also towards France s policies
and the current situation in the unifying Europe. The third perspective takes
into consideration the external point of view , or the perception of this group
by a researcher. Such an approach arises from the analysis of sources found and
from the results of studies (interviews, questionnaires, participant observation)
conducted mainly in the years
1997-1999
in three economically different areas
of Alsace: at the Wine Route , in the environs of Strasbourg ( the centre ), and
in Sundgau.
The specificity of Alsatian identity was determined, especially in the 19th
century, by the necessity the Alsatians faced to choose between either
thè
French or the German nationality. Thus the guiding principle of this monograph
241
is a statement that the culture of this group was shaped mainly under the influ¬
ence of the changing relations between France and Germany (formerly The Holy
Roman Empire). Therefore, it has undergone a peculiar metamorphosis: from
antagonistic relations (existence of state borders) to the relations characterised
by co-operation (getting rid of the official borders within the European Union).
Two other important issues are closely connected with this motif
-
the forma¬
tion of the cultural and creation of the ethnic identity in the circumstances of
the borderland. The former concerns habitual behaviours, the ones which are
experienced unaware, elements of the so called tradition of the borderland.
What is meant here first of all is the dialect and elements of the rites (present in
the modern customs). The term tradition has here another, extra dimension
-
it functions in the culture of this community as a slogan serving its elites to cre¬
ate the ethnic identity. Their activity still contributes not only to the mainte¬
nance of the ethnic identity of this group, but of the region as well (nowadays
the French define Alsatians as a community of a different regional identity).
The contribution of the elite circles has a double dimension in this field. On the
one hand, they support elements of culture which have survived just in the ha¬
bitual behaviours. On the other, giving them the value of exceptionality (value
category), they create an additional one (activity for local rights, emphasising
the role of Alsace as a different region in the new reality of the unifying Europe).
The question of the habitual behaviours or of the activity of elites does not ex¬
haust the whole picture of the identity of this group. At present there also exists
a multitude of the so called attitudes which refer (either consciously or uncon¬
sciously) not only to the previous activity of these elite circles, but they have
appeared in connection with the rise of the new Union-French reality . This
seems to be connected with the non-conflict character of the borderland (the
change of the political and social discourse between France and Germany). This
discourse between the two countries is external towards this group.
Very often in the literature on the subject appear various types of definitions
of the borderland in which the multi-ethnic, dynamic and mostly conflict char¬
acter of relations between groups inhabiting a given area is emphasised. Mean¬
while the French-German borderland presented in this book is an exception in
this respect. First of all, this is for two reasons. First, it is not an area of ethnic
conflicts, but for centuries it has been an object of political disputes between
two rival powers which since the 19th century have been nation-states . Sec¬
ond, it has always been inhabited by one community , which has been treated
as separate ( of a different identity ) by both the French and Germans. First it
came into being as a totally different group in the 17th century when the area of
Alsace was incorporated into France by King Louis
XIV (1648).
Until that time
the Alsatian identity had not been developing in antagonistic conditions due
to which the limits of its different identity would be clearly marked. Both the
language of the population and its customs came closer to the Germanic con¬
text. And although at that time, the information on which is given by historians
writing in French, who identified themselves with Alsatian culture, there already
existed the group ethnonym, the awareness of the existence of borders of the
242
region
(among the higher strata of society), these characteristics assumed a
meaning of distinguishing features, only in the context of the French culture.
Each time when the region wandered within the borders of the Hexagon (the
years:
1648-1870/1; 1918-1939; 1944),
Alsatians were treated as an alien
group who should be rapidly unified , mainly through introduction of the
French language. This happened at the expense of the dialect (actually here a
group of Alsatian dialects related to
Hochdeutsch
is meant) and had a socially
condemning ( stigmatising ), or even marginalising dimension. It should also
be added that at present Alsatians use mostly the French language, but they also
still know the dialect (the middle and older generations). It is one of the aspects
of the change of nationality. Another one concerns the fact that in the years
1871-1914
and
1939-1944
this region returned to Germany again. Germany
treated the population as half-alien since it was a Romanised one . Due to
this, the pro-French attitudes appeared among this community.
Apart from this it is thought that in the essence of the borderland is inher¬
ent a variety of attitudes identifying themselves with various cultural models.
Alsatian borderland is a good case in point. Intensive change of political be¬
longing (especially in the periods of
1914-1918; 1918-1939; 1939-1944)
involved
not only a necessity but even a compulsion to choose between either the French
or the German nationality (declarations of a political character). At the same
time, such a situation was the reason of a conflict between that which had ex¬
isted in the Alsatian culture in the sphere of habits (for centuries) and that
which appeared in it due to the changing circumstances
-
and it is just this
context which is rendered in the title of this book. Another result of such a
course of events was the exodus of the population both to Germany and to
France. Elites, as they have described it themselves, aware of the tragedy of the
region (this expression and the similar ones have come into common use) con¬
tinuously attempted to opt for a definite nationality (in this work it has been
defined as a declarative dimension of identity). At the same time the pro-
Alsatian attitudes were being aroused. This gathered strength after the period of
1871-1914
when Bismarck raised hopes of the Alsatians that they would be
given autonomy of their region within the German Empire. In spite of the fact
that it has never come true, the sentiment for independence has prevailed
among part of the Alsatian elites.
The antagonistic character of the French-German relations and an inten¬
sive change connected with it (observable also to other researchers of Alsatian
culture, among other things described by means of the metaphor of a pendu¬
lum ) contributed to the survival of definite attitudes in the modern culture of
this communiiy. This can be seen in the declarations on the images of that
which Alsatians are, and also in definite behaviours (activities of numerous or¬
ganisations and associations). Alsatians consider themselves mainly as the
French. However, there are some who identify themselves with German culture
and have a sense of being Alsatians-Germans. Apart from them, we should also
mention those in favour of the autonomy of this region
-
they are still active, in
spite of the fact, or maybe because of the fact, that the dreams of their predeces-
24З
sors
have never come true, even within the activity of the autonomous move¬
ment (according to the opinion of Alsatian historians and popularisers of the
culture of the region, repressions, mainly on the part of France, contributed to
this situation). Three main identification tendencies, formed at the time of in¬
tensive change , differ from their contemporary continuations in that that
they were the result of compulsion
-
namely, a consequence in reference to the
process of arising and creation of the common European identity. And the re¬
sults of research conducted inspire to this.
Translated by
Andrzej Pietrzak
|
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author | Chwieduk, Agnieszka |
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geographic_facet | Frankreich Elsass |
id | DE-604.BV035229236 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:29:06Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 8323216177 |
language | Polish |
lccn | 2008368282 |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017035206 |
oclc_num | 227579945 |
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owner | DE-12 |
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physical | 243 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
publishDate | 2006 |
publishDateSearch | 2006 |
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publisher | Wydawn. Naukowe UAM |
record_format | marc |
series | Seria Etnologia i antropologia kulturowa |
series2 | Seria Etnologia i antropologia kulturowa |
spelling | Chwieduk, Agnieszka Verfasser aut Alzatczycy dylematy tożsamości Agnieszka Chwieduk Wyd. 1 Poznań Wydawn. Naukowe UAM 2006 243 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Seria Etnologia i antropologia kulturowa 24 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Alsatians Group identity / France / Alsace Ethnology / France / Alsace Ethnology France Alsace Group identity France Alsace Ethnische Gruppe (DE-588)4153095-0 gnd rswk-swf Frankreich Frankreich (DE-588)4018145-5 gnd rswk-swf Elsass (DE-588)4014500-1 gnd rswk-swf Frankreich (DE-588)4018145-5 g Elsass (DE-588)4014500-1 g Ethnische Gruppe (DE-588)4153095-0 s DE-604 Seria Etnologia i antropologia kulturowa 24 (DE-604)BV010090216 24 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017035206&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017035206&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
spellingShingle | Chwieduk, Agnieszka Alzatczycy dylematy tożsamości Seria Etnologia i antropologia kulturowa Group identity / France / Alsace Ethnology / France / Alsace Ethnology France Alsace Group identity France Alsace Ethnische Gruppe (DE-588)4153095-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4153095-0 (DE-588)4018145-5 (DE-588)4014500-1 |
title | Alzatczycy dylematy tożsamości |
title_auth | Alzatczycy dylematy tożsamości |
title_exact_search | Alzatczycy dylematy tożsamości |
title_full | Alzatczycy dylematy tożsamości Agnieszka Chwieduk |
title_fullStr | Alzatczycy dylematy tożsamości Agnieszka Chwieduk |
title_full_unstemmed | Alzatczycy dylematy tożsamości Agnieszka Chwieduk |
title_short | Alzatczycy |
title_sort | alzatczycy dylematy tozsamosci |
title_sub | dylematy tożsamości |
topic | Group identity / France / Alsace Ethnology / France / Alsace Ethnology France Alsace Group identity France Alsace Ethnische Gruppe (DE-588)4153095-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Group identity / France / Alsace Ethnology / France / Alsace Ethnology France Alsace Group identity France Alsace Ethnische Gruppe Frankreich Elsass |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017035206&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017035206&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV010090216 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT chwiedukagnieszka alzatczycydylematytozsamosci |