Phillips' science of dental materials:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.]
Saunders
2003
|
| Ausgabe: | 11. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 805 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0721693873 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Phillips' science of dental materials |c Kenneth J. Anusavice |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Science of dental materials |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Dental materials |
| 250 | |a 11. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.] |b Saunders |c 2003 | |
| 300 | |a XXV, 805 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 2 | |a Dental Materials | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Matériaux dentaires | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Matériaux dentaires |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Dental materials | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Anusavice, Kenneth J. |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)111642531 |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Phillips, Ralph W. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017023475&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017023475 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138478790770688 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Con
PARTI
GENERAL CLASSES AND PROPERTIES OF
DENTAL MATERIALS
1 Overview of Materials for Dental
Applications, 3
Kenneth J. Anusavice
What Are Dental Materials? 4
Historical Use of Restorative Materials, 6
Standards for Dental Materials, 9
ADA Acceptance Program, 9
The ADA Seal of Acceptance, 10
Classification of Products Evaluated by the ADA
Council on Scientific Affairs, 10
General Provisions for ADA Acceptance, 11
Composition, Nature, and Function, 11
Required Information, 11
Information Required for Renewal of
Acceptance, 12
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Regulations, 13
International Standards, 14
ISO Standards, Subcommittees, and Working
Groups, 15
ISO Technical Committee 106, 15
How Are ISO Standards Developed? 16
Other Dental Standards Organizations, 16
How Safe Are Dental Restorative Materials? 18
2 Structure of Matter and Principles of
Adhesion, 21
Kenneth J. Anusavice
Change of State, 22
Interatomic Primary Bonds, 23
Ionic Bonds, 23
Covalent Bonds, 23
Metallic Bonds, 24
Interatomic Secondary Bonds, 25
Hydrogen Bonding, 25
Van der Waals Forces, 26
Interatomic Bond Distance and Bonding
Energy, 26
Bond Distance, 26
Bonding Energy, 28
tents
Thermal Energy, 28
Crystalline Structure, 30
Noncrystalline Solids and Their Structures, 32
Diffusion, 33
Adhesion and Bonding, 34
Mechanical Bonding, 34
Surface Energy, 35
Wetting, 36
Contact Angle of Wetting, 37
Adhesion to Tooth Structure, 39
3 Physical Properties of Dental
Materials, 41
Kenneth J. Anusavice and William A. Brantley
What Are Physical Properties? 42
Abrasion and Abrasion Resistance, 43
Viscosity, 43
Structural and Stress Relaxation, 45
Creep and Flow, 46
Color and Color Perception, 46
Three Dimensions of Color, 48
Thermophysical Properties, 52
Thermal Conductivity, 52
Thermal Diffusivity, 53
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 54
Introduction to Tarnish and Corrosion, 56
Causes of Tarnish and Corrosion, 57
Classification of Corrosion, 57
Electrochemical Corrosion, 58
Dissimilar Metals, 61
Heterogeneous Surface Composition, 62
Stress Corrosion, 63
Concentration Cell Corrosion, 63
Protection Against Corrosion, 65
Corrosion of Dental Restorations, 65
Evaluation of Tarnish and Corrosion
Resistance, 66
Clinical Significance of Galvanic Currents, 69
4 Mechanical Properties of Dental
Materials, 73
Kenneth f. Anusavice
What Are Mechanical Properties? 74
Stresses and Strains, 75
xvi Contents
Tensile Stress, 77
Compressive Stress, 77
Shear Stress, 78
Flexural (Bending) Stress, 78
Mechanical Properties Based on Elastic
Deformation, 79
Elastic Modulus (Young s Modulus or Modulus
of Elasticity), 80
Dynamic Young s Modulus, 83
Flexibility, 83
Resilience, 84
Poisson s Ratio, 85
Strength Properties, 85
Proportional Limit, 86
Elastic Limit, 87
Yield Strength (Proof Stress), 87
Permanent (Plastic) Deformation, 88
Cold Working (Strain Hardening or Work
Hardening), 88
Diametral Tensile Strength, 88
Flexure Strength, 89
Fatigue Strength, 90
Impact Strength, 91
Mechanical Properties of Tooth Structure, 92
Mastication Forces and Stresses, 93
Other Mechanical Properties, 94
Toughness, 94
Fracture Toughness, 94
Brittleness, 94
Ductility and Malleability, 95
Measurement of Ductility, 96
Hardness, 96
Stress Concentration Factors, 99
Criteria for Selection of Restorative Materials, 100
5 Solidification and Microstructure of
Metals, 103
William A. Brantley
Metals, 104
Metallic Bonds, 107
Alloys, 107
Solidification of Metals, 108
Nucleus Formation, 110
Solidification Modes and Effects on
Properties, 112
Grain Refinement and Grain Size, 116
6 Equilibrium Phases in Cast Alloys, 119
William A. Brantley
Classification of Alloys, 120
Solid Solutions, 121
Solutes and Solvents, 121
Conditions for Solid Solubility, 122
Physical Properties of Solid Solutions, 124
Constitution or Equilibrium Phase
Diagrams, 124
Interpretation of the Phase Diagram, 126
Coring, 128
Homogenization, 129
Dendrite Formation in Alloys, 130
Eutectic Alloys, 130
Silver-Copper System, 130
Physical Properties, 134
Peritectic Alloys, 134
Solid State Reactions, 135
Gold-Copper System, 135
Silver-Copper System, 139
Other Binary Systems, 139
Gold Alloys, 139
Palladium Alloys, 140
Ternary and Higher-Order Alloy Systems, 140
7 Dental Polymers, 143
H. Ralph Rawls
Applications of Resins in Dentistry, 144
Classification, 144
Requisites for Dental Resins, 145
Biological Compatibility, 145
Physical Properties, 145
Manipulation, 145
Aesthetic Properties, 146
Economic Considerations, 146
Chemical Stability, 146
Fundamental Nature of Polymers, 146
Chain Length and Molecular Weight, 146
Chain Branching and Cross-Linking, 147
Molecular Organization, 149
Physical Properties of Polymers, 150
Deformation and Recovery, 150
Rheometric Properties, 150
Solvation Properties, 151
Thermal Properties, 152
Chemistry of Polymerization, 154
Addition Polymerization, 155
Stages in Addition Polymerization, 155
Inhibition of Addition Polymerization, 160
Step-Growth Polymerization, 161
Copolymerization, 162
Acrylic Dental Resins, 163
Acrylic Resins, 163
Methyl Methacrylate, 165
Poly (methyl Methacrylate), 166
Multifunctional Methacrylate and Acrylate
Resins, 166
8 Biocompatibility of Dental
Materials, 171
John C. Wataha
Biocompatibility: Historical Background, 172
Adverse Effects from Dental Materials, 174
Toxicity, Inflammation, Allergy, and
Mutagenicity, 174
Local and Systemic Effects of Materials, 177
Key Principles That Determine Adverse Effects
from Materials, 178
Imrnunotoxicity, 179
Biological Response in the Dental
Environment, 181
Oral Anatomy That Influences the Biological
Response, 181
Special Biological Interfaces with Dental
Materials, 185
Osseointegration, 187
The Oral Immune System, 187
Measuring the Biocompatibility of Materials, 188
Defining the Use of a Material, 188
Types of Tests: Advantages and
Disadvantages, 189
How Tests Are Used Together to Measure
Biocompatibility, 190
Standards: Advantages and Disadvantages, 192
ANSI/ADA Document 41, 193
ISO Standard 10993, 193
Current Biocompatibility Issues in Dentistry, 194
Latex, 194
Nickel, 196
Beryllium, 197
Mercury and Amalgam, 197
Estrogenicity, 199
Other Biological Effects of Resins, 200
Clinical Guidelines for Selecting Biocompatible
Materials, 200
Define the Use of the Material, 200
Define How the Material Has Been Tested, 201
Think in Terms of Risk and Benefit, 201
PART II
AUXILIARY DENTAL MATERIALS
9 Impression Materials, 205
Chiayi Shen
Impression Materials: Purpose and
Requirements, 207
Materials Used for Making Impressions, 208
Setting Mechanism, 208
Mechanical Properties, 208
Uses of Impression Materials, 208
Elastomeric Impression Materials, 210
Characteristics, 210
Viscoelastic Properties, 211
Elastomeric Impression Materials: Chemistry and
Composition, 212
Polysulfide, 212
Condensation Silicone, 213
Addition Silicone, 214
Polyether, 216
Elastomeric Materials: Making an
Impression, 216
Contents xv
Preparation of Impression Materials, 216
Impression Trays, 219
Steps Required to Make an Impression, 219
Removal of the Impression, 222
Preparation of Stone Casts and Dies, 222
Elastomeric Impression Materials:
Properties, 223
Working and Setting Times, 223
Dimensional Stability, 224
Reproduction of Oral Detail, 225
Disinfection, 225
Rheological Properties, 226
Elasticity, 226
Tear Strength, 227
Biocompatibility, 228
Shelf Life, 229
Effect of Mishandling, 230
Hydrocolloids, 231
Sol-Gel Transformation, 234
Gel Strength, 234
Dimensional Effects, 234
Agar (Reversible) Hydrocolloids, 234
Composition, 235
Manipulation, 235
Preparation and Conditioning of the Agar
Material, 236
Tempering of the Material, 237
Making the Agar Impression, 237
Accuracy, 238
Viscosity of the Sol, 238
Distortion During Gelation, 239
Alginate (Irreversible) Hydrocolloids, 239
Composition, 240
Gelation Process, 241
Controlling Setting Time, 242
Manipulation, 243
Making the Impression, 243
Strength, 244
Accuracy, 244
Other Applications and Handling of
Hydrocolloids, 245
Laminate Technique (Alginate-Agar
Method), 245
Duplicating Materials, 245
Modified Alginates, 245
Biocompatibility, 245
Disinfection, 246
Dimensional Stability, 246
Compatibility with Gypsum, 247
Shelf Life, 248
Effects of Mishandling, 248
Inelastic Impression Materials, 248
Impression Compound, 250
Composition, 250
Manipulation, 250
Dimensional Stability 251
Disinfection, 251
wiii Contents
Zinc Oxide-Eugenol (ZOE) Impression
Pastes, 251
Composition, 251
Manipulation, 252
Dimensional Stability, 253
Disinfection, 253
Noneugenol Pastes, 253
Surgical Pastes, 253
Bite Registration Pastes, 253
10 Gypsum Products, 255
Kenneth J. Anusavice
Uses of Gypsum in Dentistry, 255
Dental Plaster and Stone, 257
Production of Calcium Sulfate
Hemihydrate, 257
Commercial Gypsum Products, 258
Setting of Gypsum Products, 258
Setting Reactions, 259
W/P Ratio, 261
Tests for Working, Setting, and Final Setting
Times, 261
Mixing Time (MT), 261
Working Time (WT), 261
Setting Time (ST), 261
Loss of Gloss Test for Initial Set, 261
Initial Gillmore Test for Initial Set, 262
Vicat Test for Setting Time, 262
Gillmore Test for Final Setting Time, 263
Ready-for-Use Criterion, 263
Control of the Setting Time, 264
Impurities, 264
Fineness, 264
W/P Ratio, 264
Mixing, 264
Temperature, 265
Retarders and Accelerators, 265
Setting Expansion, 266
Control of Setting Expansion, 267
Accelerators and Retarders: Practice and
Theory, 268
Accelerators, 268
Retarders, 269
Hygroscopic Setting Expansion, 270
Strength, 271
Types of Gypsum Products, 273
Impression Plaster (Type I), 273
Model Plaster (Type II), 274
Dental Stone (Type III), 274
Dental Stone, High Strength
(Type IV), 275
Dental Stone, High Strength, High Expansion
(Type V), 276
Synthetic Gypsum, 276
Proportioning, Mixing, and Caring for Gypsum
Products, 276
Proportioning, 276
Mixing, 277
Caring for the Cast, 278
Special Gypsum Products, 278
Caring for Gypsum Products, 279
Infection Control, 280
11 Dental Waxes, 283
Kenneth J. Anusavice
Types of Inlay Wax, 284
Composition, 285
Desirable Properties, 286
Flow, 287
Thermal Properties, 288
Wax Distortion, 289
Manipulation of Inlay Wax, 290
Other Dental Waxes, 292
12 Casting Investments and
Procedures, 295
Kenneth J. Anusavice
Gypsum-Bonded Investment, 296
Composition, 296
Gypsum, 297
Silica, 297
Modifiers, 298
Setting Time, 299
Normal Setting Expansion, 300
Hygroscopic Setting Expansion, 300
Effect of Composition, 302
Effect of Water/Powder Ratio, 302
Effect of Spatulation, 302
Shelf Life of the Investment, 302
Effect of Time of Immersion, 302
Effect of Confinement, 302
Effect of Added Water, 303
Thermal Expansion, 304
Effect of the Water/Powder Ratio, 306
Effect of Chemical Modifiers, 306
Thermal Contraction, 306
Strength, 306
Other Gypsum Investment
Considerations, 308
Porosity, 308
Storage, 309
Phosphate-Bonded Investment, 309
Composition, 310
Setting Reactions, 310
Setting and Thermal Expansion, 311
Working and Setting Time, 313
Miscellaneous Properties, 313
Ethyl Silicate-Bonded Investment, 313
Clinical Evaluation of Casting Fit, 314
Compensation for Solidification
Shrinkage, 316
Ringless Casting System, 316
Preparation of the Master Die, 316
Methods of Altering Die Dimensions, 317
Die Stone-Investment Combination, 317
Other Die Materials, 318
Electroformed Dies, 318
Variables and Principles of Optimal Sprue
Design, 319
Wax Pattern Removal, 319
Sprue Diameter, 320
Sprue Position, 320
Sprue Attachment, 320
Sprue Direction, 321
Sprue Length, 322
Casting Ring Liner, 323
Investing Procedure, 324
Vacuum Mixing, 325
Compensation for Shrinkage, 325
Controlled Water-Added Technique, 326
Casting Procedure, 326
Wax Elimination and Heating, 326
Hygroscopic Low-Heat Technique, 327
High-Heat Thermal Expansion
Technique, 327
Gypsum Investments, 327
Phosphate Investments, 329
Time Allowable for Casting, 330
Casting Machines, 330
Torch Melting/Centrifugal Casting
Machine, 330
Electrical Resistance-Heated Casting
Machine, 332
Induction Melting Machine, 333
Direct-Current Arc Melting Machine, 333
Vacuum- or Pressure-Assisted Casting
Machine, 333
Casting Crucibles, 333
Torch Melting of Noble Metal Alloy, 333
Cleaning the Casting, 335
Melting of Base Metals, 336
Technical Considerations for Phosphate-Bonded
Investment, 336
Causes of Defective Castings, 337
Distortion, 338
Surface Roughness, Irregularities, and
Discoloration, 338
Air Bubbles, 338
Water Films, 339
Rapid Heating Rates, 339
Underheating, 340
Liquid/Powder Ratio, 340
Prolonged Heating, 340
Temperature of the Alloy, 340
Casting Pressure, 340
Composition of the Investment, 340
Foreign Bodies, 341
Impact of Molten Alloy, 341
Pattern Position, 341
Contents xb
Carbon Inclusions, 341
Other Causes, 341
Porosity, 342
Incomplete Casting, 347
13 Finishing and Polishing Materials, 351
Kenneth J. Anusavice and Sibel A. Antonson
Benefits of Finishing and Polishing Restorative
Materials, 352
Principles of Cutting, Grinding, Finishing, and
Polishing, 352
Bulk Reduction Process, 355
Contouring, 356
Finishing, 356
Polishing, 357
Biological Hazards of the Finishing
Process, 357
Abrasion and Erosion, 358
Abrasion, 358
Erosion, 359
Hardness of Abrasives, 360
Abrasive Instrument Design, 361
Abrasive Grits, 361
Bonded Abrasives, 361
Coated Abrasive Disks and Strips, 365
Nonbonded Abrasives, 366
Abrasive Motion, 366
Types of Abrasives, 367
Arkansas Stone, 367
Chalk, 367
Corundum, 367
Natural Diamond, 368
Synthetic Diamond Abrasives, 368
Emery, 368
Garnet, 368
Pumice, 369
Quartz, 369
Sand, 369
Tripoli, 369
Zirconium Silicate, 369
Cuttle, 369
Kieselguhr, 369
Silicon Carbide, 370
Aluminum Oxide, 370
Rouge, 370
Tin Oxide, 370
Abrasive Pastes, 370
Finishing and Polishing
Procedures, 371
Resin-Based Composite Restorations, 371
Dental Amalgam, 371
Gold Alloy, 372
Ceramic Restorations, 372
Acrylic Resins for Denture Bases and
Veneers, 373
Air Abrasive Technology, 373
Dentifrices, 373
xx Contents
Composition, 374
Abrasiveness, 375
ADA Acceptance Program, 376
Toothbrushes, 376
PART HI
DIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS
14 Bonding, 381
Barry K. Norling
Mechanisms of Adhesion, 382
Acid-Etch Technique, 382
Dentin Bonding Agents, 386
First-Generation Dental Adhesives, 387
Second-Generation Dental Adhesives, 390
Third-Generation Dental Adhesives, 390
Fourth-Generation Dental Adhesives, 392
Fifth-Generation Dental Adhesives, 393
Measurement of Bond Strength and
Microleakage, 394
Glass Ionomer Restoratives, 395
Amalgam Bonding, 396
Pit and Fissure Sealants, 396
15 Restorative Resins, 399
H. Ralph Rawls and Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw
Aesthetic Restorative Materials, 400
Uses and Applications, 401
Composite Restorative Materials, 401
Dental Composites, 401
Composition and Function
of Components, 402
Resin Matrix, 402
Filler Particles and Proportion of Filler, 403
Benefits of Fillers, 403
Coupling Agents, 406
Activator-Initiator System, 406
Chemically Activated Resins, 407
Inhibitors, 408
Optical Modifiers, 408
Curing of Resin-Based Composites, 410
Chemical Activation, 410
Light Activation, 410
Photocuring with Visible (Blue) Light, 411
Curing Lamps, 411
Types of Lamps Used for Photoinitiator
Curing, 411
Depth of Cure and Exposure Time, 412
Dual-Cure Resins and Extraoral Curing, 413
Degree of Conversion (DC), 414
Reduction of Residual Stresses, 415
Incremental Buildup and Cavity
Configuration, 415
Soft-Start, Ramped Curing and Delayed
Curing, 416
High-Intensity Curing, 417
Precautions for Using Curing Lamps, 417
Classification of Resin-Based Composites, 417
Traditional Composites, 418
Properties of Traditional Composites, 420
Clinical Considerations of Traditional
Composites, 421
Small-Particle-Filled (SPF) Composites, 422
Clinical Considerations of SPF
Composites, 422
Microfilled Composites, 423
Properties of Microfilled Composites, 425
Clinical Considerations for Microfilled
Composites, 426
Hybrid Composites, 426
Clinical Considerations of Hybrid
Composites, 426
Flowable Composites, 428
Composites for Posterior Restorations, 428
Direct Posterior Composites, 428
Packable Composites, 429
Marginal Leakage, 430
Radiopacity, 430
Wear, 431
Selection Criteria, 432
Indirect Posterior Composites, 433
Use of Composites for Resin Veneers, 433
Finishing of Composites, 434
Biocompatibility of Composites, 43 6
Repair of Composites, 437
Survival Probability of Composites, 437
16 Dental Cements, 443
Chiayi Shen
Dental Cements, 445
Fluoride-Releasing Cements for Direct-Filling
Restorations, 446
Acid Resistance of Enamel, 447
Remineralization-Demineralization
Balance, 447
Fluoride and Plaque Metabolism, 448
Sources of Fluoride Release, 448
Fluoride Recharging, 449
Cements as Luting Agents, 449
Characteristics of the Abutment-Prosthesis
Interface, 450
Procedure for Luting Prostheses, 451
Placement of Cement, 452
Seating, 452
Removal of Excess Material, 454
Postcementation, 455
Mechanism of Retention, 455
Dislodgment of Prostheses, 456
Film Thickness, 458
Agents for Pulp Protection, 458
Cavity Varnishes, 459
Cavity Liners, 459
Cement Bases, 459
Clinical Considerations, 461
Zinc Phosphate Cement, 461
Composition and Setting, 461
Working and Setting Times, 462
Physical Properties of Zinc Phosphate
Cement, 463
Retention, 464
Biological Properties, 464
Manipulation, 465
Zinc Polycarboxylate Cement, 466
Composition and Chemistry, 466
Bonding to Tooth Structure, 467
Film Thickness, 467
Working and Setting Times, 468
Mechanical Properties, 468
Solubility, 468
Biological Considerations, 469
Manipulation, 469
Surface Preparation and Retention, 470
Removal of Excess Cement, 471
Glass Ionomer Cement, 471
Composition, 472
Chemistry of Setting, 473
Mechanism of Adhesion, 475
Biological Properties, 475
Physical Properties of Glass Ionomer
Cement, 475
Manipulation Considerations for GIC, 476
Surface Preparation, 476
Preparation of the Material, 477
Placement of GIC as a Restorative Material
and Removal of Excess, 478
Postoperative Procedures, 479
Metal-Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cements, 479
General Properties, 479
Clinical Considerations, 481
Highly Viscous Conventional Glass Ionomer
Cement, 481
Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (Hybrid
Ionomer), 482
Composition and Setting Reactions, 483
Characteristics of Hybrid Ionomer
Cements, 483
Fissure Sealant Application, 484
Liner/Base Applications, 484
Compomer, 484
Composition and Chemistry, 485
Characteristics of Compomers, 485
Manipulation of Compomers, 486
Resin Cements, 486
Composition and Chemistry, 486
Characteristics of Resin Cements, 486
Manipulation, 488
Metallic Prostheses, 488
Contents xxi
Orthodontic Brackets, 488
Bonding of Resin Veneers, Inlays, Onlays,
Crowns, and Fixed Partial Dentures, 488
Bonding of Ceramic Prostheses, 489
Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement, 489
Composition and Setting Chemistry, 490
Characteristics of ZOE Cements, 490
Temporary ZOE Restorations (Type III), 490
Intermediate ZOE Restorations
(Type IV), 490
Temporary ZOE Luting Cement (Type I), 491
Long-term ZOE Luting Cement
(Type II), 491
Calcium Hydroxide, 491
Cavity Liners, 491
Bases, 491
Solubility and Disintegration of Cements, 492
Summary, 493
17 Dental Amalgams, 495
Sally J. Marshall, Grayson IV. Marshall, Jr., and
Kenneth J. Anusavice
Alloy Composition, 496
Metallurgical Phases in Dental
Amalgams, 499
The Silver-Tin System, 499
The Influence of Ag-Sn Phases on Amalgam
Properties, 500
Manufacture of Alloy Powder, 500
Lathe-Cut Powder, 500
Homogenizing Anneal, 500
Particle Treatments, 501
Atomized Powder, 501
Particle Size, 501
Lathe-Cut Powder Compared with Atomized
Spherical Powder, 502
Amalgamation and Resulting
Microstructures, 502
Low-Copper Alloys, 502
High-Copper Alloys, 504
Admixed Alloys, 504
Single-Composition Alloys, 506
Dimensional Stability, 508
Dimensional Change, 508
Theory of Dimensional Change, 509
Effect of Moisture Contamination, 510
Strength, 511
Measurement of Strength, 512
Effect of Trituration, 513
Effect of Mercury Content, 513
Effect of Condensation, 514
Effect of Porosity, 514
Effect of Amalgam Hardening Rate, 514
Creep, 515
Significance of Creep on Amalgam
Performance, 515
xxii Contents
Influence of Microstructure on Creep, 516
Effect of Manipulative Variables on
Creep, 516
Clinical Performance of Amalgam
Restorations, 516
Tarnish and Corrosion, 517
Compositional Effects on the Survival of
Amalgam Restorations, 519
Factors Affecting Success of Amalgam
Restorations, 520
Mercury/Alloy Ratio, 521
Proportioning, 522
Mechanical Trituration, 523
Consistency of the Mix, 525
Condensation, 527
Hand Condensation, 528
Condensation Pressure, 529
Mechanical Condensation, 530
Carving and Finishing, 530
Clinical Significance of Dimensional
Change, 531
Expansion 532,
Contraction, 533
Zinc-Free alloys, 534
Side Effects of Mercury, 535
Allergy, 535
Toxicity, 536
Influence of Mercury Content on Quality of
the Restoration, 538
Marginal Deterioration, 538
Improper Cavity Preparation or
Finishing, 539
Excess Mercury, 540
Creep, 540
Repaired Amalgam Restorations, 540
18 Direct Filling Gold, 545
Kenneth J. Anusavice
History of Gold Foil Used as a Tooth-Filling
Material, 546
Properties of Pure Gold, 546
Forms of Direct Filling Gold, 547
Gold Foil, 548
Cohesive and Noncohesive Gold, 549
Gold Foil Cylinders, 549
Preformed Gold Foils, 549
Platinized Gold Foil, 549
Electrolytic Precipitate, 550
Mat Gold, 550
Alloyed Electrolytic Precipitate, 550
Granular (Powdered) Gold, 551
Removal of Surface Impurities, 551
Compaction of Direct Filling Gold, 553
Condensers, 554
Size of the Condenser Tip, 554
Pressure Application, 555
Compaction Method, 555
Physical Properties of Compacted Gold, 556
The Direct Gold Restoration, 558
PART IV
INDIRECT RESTORATIVE AND PROSTHETIC
MATERIALS
19 Dental Casting and Soldering
Alloys, 563
Kenneth J. Anusavice and Paul Cascone
Historical Perspective on Dental Casting
Alloys, 564
1905—The Lost-Wax Process, 565
1932—Classification of Gold-Based Casting
Alloys, 565
1933—Cobalt-Chromium Partial Denture
Alloys, 566
1959—Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal Process, 566
1971—The Gold Standard, 566
1976—The Medical and Dental Devices
Act, 567
1996—The European Medical Devices
Directive, 567
1998—The Clean Air Acts, 567
Desirable Properties of Dental Casting
Alloys, 567
Classification of Dental Casting Alloys, 570
Noble Metals, 572
Predominantly Base Metal Alloys, 573
Karat and Fineness, 574
Identification of Alloys by Principal
Elements, 574
Alloys for Ail-Metal and Resin-Veneered
Restorations, 574
Heat Treatment of High Noble and Noble
Metal Alloys, 575
Softening Heat Treatment of Gold Casting
Alloys, 576
Hardening Heat Treatment of Gold Casting
Alloys, 576
Casting Shrinkage, 577
Remelting Previously Cast Metal, 578
Silver-Palladium Alloys, 578
Nickel-Chromium and Cobalt-Chromium
Alloys, 578
Titanium and Titanium Alloys, 579
Aluminum Bronze Alloy, 580
High Noble and Noble Alloys for Metal-Ceramic
Prostheses, 580
Gold-Palladium-Silver Alloys (Low Silver
Content), 582
Gold-Palladium-Silver Alloys (High Silver
Content) 582
Gold-Palladium Alloys, 584
Palladium-Gold Alloys, 585
Palladium-Gold-Silver Alloys, 585
Palladium-Silver Alloys, 585
Palladium-Copper-Gallium Alloys, 587
Palladium-Gallium-Silver, 587
Discoloration of Porcelain by Silver, 588
Thermal Compatibility and Incompatibility of
Metal-Ceramic Systems, 589
Alloys for Conventional Veneering
Porcelains, 592
Alloys for Ultralow-Fusing Porcelains, 592
Less Abrasive Porcelains, 592
Partial Denture Alloys, 593
Physical Properties of High Noble and Noble
Alloys, 593
Base Metal Alloys for Cast Metal and Metal-
Ceramic Prostheses, 594
Biological Hazards and Precautions: Risks for
Dental Laboratory Technicians, 596
Potential Patient Hazards, 597
Guidelines for Selection and Use of Base Metals
for Crown and Bridge Applications, 598
Partial Denture Alloys and Guidelines for
Selection, 604
Alternatives to Cast Metal Technology, 605
Sintering of Burnished Foil, 606
CAD-CAM Processing, 606
Copy Milling 607
Electroforming, 607
Soldering of Dental Alloys, 608
Substrate Metal for Soldering, 608
Soldering Flux, 609
Soldering (Brazing) Filler Metal, 610
Heat Sources for Soldering, 612
Flame Temperature, 612
Hydrogen, 613
Natural Gas, 613
Acetylene, 613
Propane, 613
Oven (Furnace) Soldering, 613
Technique Considerations for Soldering, 614
Technical Procedures, 614
Radiographic Analysis of Solder Joint
Quality, 616
Laser Welding of Commercially Pure
Titanium, 616
Cast-Joining Process, 617
20 Wrought Alloys, 621
William A. Brantley
Deformation of Metals, 622
Introduction to Wrought Alloys and
Orthodontic Wires, 622
Theoretical and Actual Shear Strengths of
Metals, 624
Point Defects, 625
Dislocations, 626
Contents xxiii
Strengthening Mechanisms Involving
Dislocations, 628
Twinning, 630
Fracture, 631
Effects of Annealing Cold-Worked Metal, 633
Recovery, 634
Recrystallization, 634
Grain Growth, 635
Cast Structure versus Wrought Structure, 635
Carbon Steels, 636
Stainless Steels, 637
Background, 637
Ferritic Stainless Steels, 637
Martensitic Stainless Steels, 638
Austenitic Stainless Steels, 639
Corrosion Resistance and Properties of Austenitic
Stainless Steel, 639
Sensitization, 639
Stabilization, 640
General Causes of Corrosion, 640
Mechanical Properties, 640
Recovery Heat Treatment, 642
Braided and Twisted Wires, 642
Soldering and Welding of Stainless Steel, 643
Solders (Brazing Materials), 643
Soldering Fluxes, 643
Technical Considerations for Soldering, 643
Welding, 644
Cobalt-Chromium-Nickel Alloys, 645
Composition and Mechanical
Properties, 645
Nickel-Titanium Alloys, 646
Mechanical Properties, 646
Orthodontic Wire Alloys: Composition,
Superelasticity, and Shape Memory, 646
Nickel-Titanium Endodontic
Instruments, 648
Beta-Titanium Alloys, 649
Crystallographic Forms of Titanium and
Titanium Alloys, 649
Mechanical Properties of Beta-Titanium
Wires, 650
Welding, 650
Corrosion Resistance, 651
Other Wrought Alloys, 652
Noble Metals, 652
Other Wrought Base Metal Alloys, 653
21 Dental Ceramics, 655
Kenneth J. Anusavice
What Are Ceramics? 657
History of Dental Ceramics, 660
Classification of Dental Ceramics, 663
Ceramic Processing Methods, 664
Metal-Ceramic Prostheses, 666
Composition of Dental Porcelains, 666
Glass Modifiers, 667
xxiv Contents
Feldspathic Porcelains, 668
Other Additives, 670
Aesthetic Potential of Metal-Ceramic Crowns
versus All-Ceramic Crowns, 670
Porcelain Condensation, 671
Sintering of Porcelain, 671
Overglazing and Shading Ceramics, 672
Cooling of Metal-Ceramic Prostheses, 673
Creep or Sag Resistance, 674
Copings for Metal-Ceramic Prostheses, 674
Metal-Ceramic Crowns Based on Burnished
Foil Copings, 676
Bonding Porcelain to Metal, 677
Bonding of Porcelain to Metal Using
Electrodeposited Substrates, 678
Benefits and Drawbacks of
Metal-Ceramics, 679
Ceramic Prostheses, 680
Aluminous Porcelain Crowns, 680
Castable and Machinable Glass-Ceramics
(Dicor and Dicor MGC), 681
Pressable Glass-Ceramics, 683
In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Spinell, and
In-Ceram Zirconia, 686
Procera AllCeram, 692
CAD-CAM Ceramics, 692
Cercon and Lava Zirconia Core
Ceramics, 693
Methods of Strengthening Ceramics, 697
Minimize the Effect of Stress Raisers, 697
Develop Residual Compressive
Stresses, 699
Minimize the Number of Firing Cycles, 700
Minimize Tensile Stress through Optimal
Design of Ceramic Prostheses, 700
Ion Exchange, 701
Thermal Tempering, 701
Dispersion Strengthening, 702
Transformation Toughening, 703
Abrasiveness of Dental Ceramics, 704
Wear of Ceramics Compared with Other
Materials, 705
Wear of Enamel by Ceramic Products and
Other Restorative Materials, 706
Reducing Abrasiveness of Ceramics by
Polishing and Glazing, 708
Guidelines for Minimizing Excessive Wear of
Enamel by Dental Ceramics, 708
Clinical Performance of Ceramic
Prostheses, 710
Porcelain Denture Teeth, 711
Factors Affecting the Color of Ceramics, 711
Chemical Attack of Glass-Phase Ceramics by
Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride, 713
Criteria for Selection and Use of Dental
Ceramics, 714
22 Denture Base Resins, 721
Rodney D. Phoenix
General Technique, 722
Acrylic Resins, 722
Heat-Activated Denture Base Resins, 722
Composition, 722
Storage, 724
Compression Molding Technique, 724
Preparation of the Mold, 724
Selection and Application of a Separating
Medium, 725
Polymer-to-Monomer Ratio, 726
Polymer-Monomer Interaction, 727
Dough-Forming Time, 727
Working Time, 728
Packing, 728
Injection Molding Technique, 729
Polymerization Procedure, 730
Temperature Rise, 731
Internal Porosity, 732
Polymerization Cycle, 733
Polymerization Via Microwave Energy, 734
Chemically Activated Denture Base Resins, 734
Technical Considerations, 735
Processing Considerations, 736
Fluid Resin Technique, 736
Light-Activated Denture Base Resins, 737
Physical Properties of Denture Base
Resins, 738
Polymerization Shrinkage, 739
Porosity, 741
Water Absorption, 742
Solubility, 743
Processing Stresses, 744
Crazing, 744
Strength, 745
Creep, 746
Miscellaneous Properties, 746
Miscellaneous Resins and Techniques, 747
Repair Resins, 747
Relining Resin Denture Bases, 748
Rebasing Resin Dentures, 749
Short-Term and Long-Term Soft Denture
Liners, 750
Resin Impression Trays and Tray
Materials, 752
Denture Cleansers, 752
Infection Control Procedures, 753
Allergic Reactions, 753
Toxicology, 754
Resin Teeth for Prosthetic Applications, 754
Materials for Maxillofacial Prosthetics, 755
Latexes, 755
Vinyl Plastisols, 756
Silicone Rubbers, 756
Polyurethane Polymers, 756
23 Dental Implants, 759
Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw
History of Dental Implants, 760
Classification of Implants, 761
Implant Design 761
Implant Properties 764
Attachment Mechanisms, 764
Implant Components, 766
Clinical Success of Dental Implants, 767
Implant Materials, 768
Metallic Implants, 768
Contents xxv
Ceramic and Ceramic-Coated Implant
Systems, 771
Polymers, 772
Other Implant Materials, 773
Selecting an Implant Material, 774
Biocompatibility of Implants, 777
Biomechanics, 778
Summary, 780
Appendix, 783
Index, 785
|
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| id | DE-604.BV035217347 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:28:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0721693873 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017023475 |
| oclc_num | 490992441 |
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| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-83 DE-578 |
| physical | XXV, 805 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| publisher | Saunders |
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| spelling | Phillips' science of dental materials Kenneth J. Anusavice Science of dental materials Dental materials 11. ed. Philadelphia, Pa. [u.a.] Saunders 2003 XXV, 805 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Dental Materials Matériaux dentaires Matériaux dentaires ram Anusavice, Kenneth J. Sonstige (DE-588)111642531 oth Phillips, Ralph W. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017023475&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Phillips' science of dental materials Dental Materials Matériaux dentaires Matériaux dentaires ram Dental materials |
| title | Phillips' science of dental materials |
| title_alt | Science of dental materials Dental materials |
| title_auth | Phillips' science of dental materials |
| title_exact_search | Phillips' science of dental materials |
| title_full | Phillips' science of dental materials Kenneth J. Anusavice |
| title_fullStr | Phillips' science of dental materials Kenneth J. Anusavice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phillips' science of dental materials Kenneth J. Anusavice |
| title_short | Phillips' science of dental materials |
| title_sort | phillips science of dental materials |
| topic | Dental Materials Matériaux dentaires Matériaux dentaires ram Dental materials |
| topic_facet | Dental Materials Matériaux dentaires Dental materials |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017023475&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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