Finał epopei Legionów Polskich 1916 - 1918:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Białystok
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu
2008
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The finale of the Polish Legions' heroic struggle 1916-1918 |
| Beschreibung: | 479 s. il. 25 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788374311694 |
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The finale of the Polish Legions' heroic struggle 1916-1918 | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138476214419456 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
.................................................................................................................7
Rozdział I
Zmiany w sytuacji Legionów Polskich po akcie
5
listopada
1916
roku
..............................................................................................18
1.
Wydarzenia wojenne oraz ich wpływ na sprawę polską
.....................18
2.
Nastroje i polityczne aspiracje społeczeństwa polskiego
....................24
3.
Józef Piłsudski wobec aktu
5
listopada i Tymczasowej Rady Stanu..
36
4.
Polskie i niemieckie plany tworzenia armii. Rola Legionów
..............45
Rozdział
II
Egzystencja Legionów pod niemiecką kuratelą
.........................................58
1.
Stan formacji legionowych, przeniesienie do Królestwa
....................58
2.
Warunki życia garnizonowego
-
zakwaterowanie, wyżywienie,
rozrywki, dyscyplina
.................................................................................77
3.
Przezbrojenie i przeszkolenie według niemieckich regulaminów.
Stosunki z Niemcami
................................................................................94
4.
Werbunek i jego wyniki
.........................................................................105
Rozdział III
Przełomowy okres w egzystencji Legionów
-
kryzys przysięgowy
......129
1.
Tajne rokowania niemiecko-austriackie
..............................................129
2.
Przekazanie Legionów generał-gubernatorowi Beselerowi
.............134
3.
Polityka i działania Józefa Piłsudskiego
...............................................151
4.
Odmowa przysięgi
..................................................................................168
5.
Próby opanowania kryzysu i ich niepowodzenie
..............................193
Rozdział
IV
W obozach internowania
............................................................................209
1.
Szczypiorno
..............................................................................................209
2.
Łomża
.......................................................................................................232
3.
Beniaminów
.............................................................................................243
4.
Społeczeństwo a internowani
................................................................256
Rozdział
V
Polska Siła Zbrojna
......................................................................................268
1.
Rozwój organizacyjny
............................................................................268
2.
W szkołach i na kursach wyszkolenia
..................................................282
3.
Warunki bytowe i życie codzienne wojska
.........................................293
4.
Komisja Wojskowa
..................................................................................301
Rozdział
VI
Polski Korpus Posiłkowy
............................................................................318
1.
Próby „sanacji w Przemyślu i okolicy
.................................................318
2.
Legioniści na froncie włoskim
..............................................................327
3.
PKP w Galicji i na Bukowinie
...............................................................340
4.
Dramatyczny epilog
-
Rarańcza
...........................................................352
5.
W obozach internowania na Węgrzech i na froncie włoskim
..........366
Zakończenie
..................................................................................................390
Bibliografia
....................................................................................................395
Wykaz skrótów
.............................................................................................426
Spis tabel
........................................................................................................428
Spis rysunków
...............................................................................................430
Spis map
.........................................................................................................430
Spis fotografii
................................................................................................431
Fotografie
......................................................................................................434
Indeks osób
...................................................................................................457
Indeks nazw geograficznych
.......................................................................470
Summary
.......................................................................................................476
THE FINALE OF THE POLISH LEGIONS*
HEROIC STRUGGLE
(1916-1918)
Summary
The Polish Legions have been the most famous Polish armed forces
since World War I. Already during warfare they became a legend, which
was strengthened and extended at the time of the II Republic of Poland.
Legionists belonged to the generation which lived to the moment when
Poland regained independence and took an active part in the fight for it.
Young volunteers who in August
1914
set off to fight for independent Po¬
land followed the track of the January Uprising insurgents and participants
of other independence spurts. They believed that the Polish armed forces
had to take part in the European War of Nations as, among the others,
the occupants were enemies to each other therein.
After over two years of fighting, the Legionists eventually lived to
the proclamation of the German and Austrian emperors announcing the
formation of the Polish State. The Act of November 5th,
1916
changed
the situation of Legion troops significantly, and opened new hopes and
perspectives. The Legions were withdrawn from the front and transferred
to the Kingdom of Poland, where they were to become staff of the Polish
army organized under the German command. The Polish soldiers, how¬
ever, were not eager to join the army which the occupant had wished to
form as there was no guarantee to preserve the national character of the
troops and the results of the war struggle were still uncertain. Thus, the
volunteers did not feel attracted to join the army. What is more, a very
serious internal crisis started to aggravate in the Legions themselves, which
was generated by the lack of progress in the formation of the Polish State
and its armed forces, the occupational policy of the Central Powers and
the development of the international situation.
Joseph
Piłsudski,
a co-founder and spiritual leader of the Legions (in
any case, the majority of them), realized, as soon as spring
1917,
that the
further connection of the Polish cause with the Central Powers lacked
in
raison d être.
That is why the Legionists from the I and most of the
III Brigade refused to swear allegiance to confirm brotherhood in arms
with the armies of the Central Powers. In consequence, the soldiers of the
Kingdom of Poland s were interned whereas the Galicia s soldiers, who
sympathized with them, were transferred to the Austro-Hungarian army,
which had been earlier held in contempt. In July
1917,
the Oath crisis led
Summary
477
to the actual disintegration of the Legions and disabled the formation of
a larger Polish army at the German s side.
This dissertation aims at the presentation and elucidation of the final
period in the history of the Polish Legions and the lots of soldiers after
leaving the Legions troops. The research on these issues is considerably
less substantial than on the period of the front fights in
1914-1916,
which
attracted much greater historians interest. Military achievements of the
Legions troops were thoroughly analyzed in the Interwar Years, what is
more, they enjoyed greater interest among the contemporary researchers of
the Legions. On the other hand, the complicated problems of the Legions
troops existence and the lots of their soldiers in
1914-1918
have not been
fully described in any comprehensive scientific study yet. Moreover, this
requires a new insight and more profound analysis, asking new questions
and a revision of common or set opinions and stereotypes.
The above purpose of the dissertation implies several research ques¬
tions. Namely, what were the intentions of the Central Powers as far as the
formation of the Polish army was concerned after the Act of November
5th,
1916?
What role was attributed to the Polish Legions in these plans?
What was the attitude of the Kingdom of Poland s society to the Legions
and to the concepts of the formation of the Polish army under the German
command? What were the results of the recruitment action conducted by
Władysław Sikorski?
In addition, we should also explain in more detail
what the internal situation of the Legions looked like. What led to the
Oath crisis and what was Joseph Pilsudski s role therein? Were the intern
camps conditions really as terrible as presented by the
Piłsudski
advo¬
cates propaganda? What was the attitude of the society to the interned
and released Legionists? How were the Legions soldiers treated in the
Austro-Hungarian army and how did their lots on the Italian Front look
like? What were the characteristics of the organizational and training
output of the Polish Military Force? These issues are subjects of detailed
considerations in subsequent chapters of the dissertation.
The dissertation is written in a chronology-problem order and con¬
sists of six chapters. The first one is of a fore-wording nature, introducing
a political and military situation experienced by the Legions troops in
autumn
1916.
It outlines the war events as well as the social atmosphere
and political situation in Polish lands before and after the Act of Novem¬
ber 5th. Moreover, the Polish and German concepts on the formation of
the Polish army are explained, too.
Chapter two focuses on the staff and organizational potential of the
Legions, then their training according to German regulations and the
478
Summary
internal situation within the troops. Additionally, the conscription s or¬
ganization, the attitude of the society to this issue and the methods and
results of the recruitment action were analyzed as well.
Chapter three is the most extensive one and deals with the crucial
events in the Legions existence
-
the Oath crisis. This part discusses con¬
fidential negotiations between the Germans and Austrians, in result of
which the Legionists were to be divided into the citizens of the Kingdom
of Poland and Austro-Hungary. Galicia s citizens were to be gradually
withdrawn from the army. The attempted enforcement of these decisions
triggered a storm of indignation in the Legions troops and inflamed the
relations with the Germans. Joseph
PÜsudski s
decision to break off with
the Central Powers was facilitated by the development of the international
situation and increasing anti-occupational moods of the Polish society
directed against Germany and Austria. In this part of my work I explain
in detail the circumstances which led to the refusal to swear allegiance
by the majority of the soldiers of the I and III Brigade, as well as ensuing
consequence thereof.
Chapter four presents the lots of those Legionists who were interned
in
Beniaminów, Szczypiorno
and
Łomża.
Apart from the analysis of the
living conditions, I also included the spiritual condition of the interned
soldiers, the inner organization, typical occupations and the society s in¬
terest in the lot of the imprisoned soldiers.
The next chapter deals with those soldiers who took the required oath
and became a part of the troops of the Polish Military Force. At first, they
were acutely criticized by the Pilsudski s advocates. Later, the atmosphere
around this formation improved, and its organizational output appeared
to be extremely useful in November
1918.
The last chapter concerns the lot of the Polish Auxiliary Corps after it
was transferred to
Galicia
at the turn of August and September
1917.
The
attempts at the troops reform failed, and the soldiers who supported the
attitude of the interned fellow men were transferred to the Austro-Hun-
garian army whereas their mother regiments were dissolved. The analysis
of the treatment of former Legionists in the Austro-Hungarian army and
their stay on the Italian Front, which allowed making new evaluations, has
been carried out in this part of my work. The II Brigade persevered at the
side of the Habsburg s monarchy despite increasing doubts, as long as the
middle of February
1918.
The Treaty of Brest and the armed protest of the
Legions soldiers in
Rarańcza
determined a final break off with Austria.
The Polish Legions became a symbol of the armed struggle for the
independence of the Republic of Poland. The way to a longed for aim
-
in-
Summary
479
dependent homeland
-
was neither simple nor easy. It led not only through
the battlefields of the Kingdom of Poland, the Carpathian Mountains and
Volhynia, but through intern camps as well. Apart from hard fighting and
everyday soldier s hardship, it was full of dramatic turning points and
political crises. Dedicated and committed endeavor of the Legionists, how¬
ever, has not been wasted. Dreams of regaining independence by Poland
came true thanks to, among the others, the Legionists.
Translated by
Ewa Wyszczelska-Ohień
|
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| author_GND | (DE-588)1060080354 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035215544 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)297654711 (DE-599)BVBBV035215544 |
| era | Geschichte 1916-1918 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1916-1918 |
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| geographic | Polen |
| geographic_facet | Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV035215544 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:28:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788374311694 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017021712 |
| oclc_num | 297654711 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 479 s. il. 25 cm. |
| psigel | BSBWK1 DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Snopko, Jan Verfasser (DE-588)1060080354 aut Finał epopei Legionów Polskich 1916 - 1918 Jan Snopko Białystok Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu 2008 479 s. il. 25 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The finale of the Polish Legions' heroic struggle 1916-1918 Legiony Polskie - historia jhpk Polska Siła Zbrojna jhpk Polski Korpus Posiłkowy jhpk Poland. Legiony Polskie Polnische Legionen 1914-1917 (DE-588)4640701-7 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1916-1918 gnd rswk-swf Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Campaigns Poland Polen Polnische Legionen 1914-1917 (DE-588)4640701-7 b Geschichte 1916-1918 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017021712&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017021712&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Snopko, Jan Finał epopei Legionów Polskich 1916 - 1918 Legiony Polskie - historia jhpk Polska Siła Zbrojna jhpk Polski Korpus Posiłkowy jhpk Poland. Legiony Polskie Polnische Legionen 1914-1917 (DE-588)4640701-7 gnd Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Campaigns Poland |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4640701-7 |
| title | Finał epopei Legionów Polskich 1916 - 1918 |
| title_auth | Finał epopei Legionów Polskich 1916 - 1918 |
| title_exact_search | Finał epopei Legionów Polskich 1916 - 1918 |
| title_full | Finał epopei Legionów Polskich 1916 - 1918 Jan Snopko |
| title_fullStr | Finał epopei Legionów Polskich 1916 - 1918 Jan Snopko |
| title_full_unstemmed | Finał epopei Legionów Polskich 1916 - 1918 Jan Snopko |
| title_short | Finał epopei Legionów Polskich 1916 - 1918 |
| title_sort | final epopei legionow polskich 1916 1918 |
| topic | Legiony Polskie - historia jhpk Polska Siła Zbrojna jhpk Polski Korpus Posiłkowy jhpk Poland. Legiony Polskie Polnische Legionen 1914-1917 (DE-588)4640701-7 gnd Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Campaigns Poland |
| topic_facet | Legiony Polskie - historia Polska Siła Zbrojna Polski Korpus Posiłkowy Poland. Legiony Polskie Polnische Legionen 1914-1917 Weltkrieg (1914-1918) World War, 1914-1918 Campaigns Poland Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017021712&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017021712&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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