Introduction to seismology:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 396 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780521882101 9780521708425 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Shearer, Peter M. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Introduction to seismology |c Peter M. Shearer |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Seismology |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 396 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138447338733568 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Preface
to the first edition page
xi
Preface to the second edition
xiii
Acknowledgment
xiv
Introduction
1
1.1
A brief history of seismology
2
1.2
Exercises
15
Stress and strain
17
2.1
The stress tensor
17
2.1.1
Example: Computing the traction vector
19
2.1.2
Principal axes of stress
20
2.1.3
Example: Computing the principal axes
22
2.1.4
Deviatone
stress
23
2.1.5
Values for stress
24
2.2
The strain tensor
25
2.2.1
Values for strain
29
2.2.2
Example: Computing strain for a seismic wave
29
2.3
The linear stress—strain relationship
30
2.3.1
Units for elastic moduli
32
2.4
Exercises
33
The seismic wave equation
39
3.1
Introduction: The wave equation
39
3.2
The momentum equation
40
3.3
The seismic wave equation
42
3.3.1
Potentials
46
3.4
Plane waves
46
3.4.1
Example: Harmonic plane wave equation
48
3.5
Polarizations of
Ρ
and
S
waves
48
vi
CONTENTS
3.6
Spherical waves
50
3.7
Methods for computing synthetic seismogramsf
51
3.8
The future of seismology
Ť
53
3.9
Equations for 2-D
isotropie
finite differences*
56
3.10
Exercises
61
4
Ray theory: Travel times
65
4.1
Snell s law
65
4.2
Ray paths for laterally homogeneous models
67
4.2.1
Example: Computing X(p) and T(p)
70
4.2.2
Ray tracing through velocity gradients
71
4.3
Travel time curves and delay times
72
4.3.1
Reduced velocity
73
4.3.2
The
τ(ρ)
function
73
4.4
Low-velocity zones
76
4.5
Summary of 1-D ray tracing equations
77
4.6
Spherical-Earth ray tracing
80
4.7
The Earth-flattening transformation
82
4.8
Three-dimensional ray tracing f
83
4.9
Ray nomenclature
86
4.9.1
Crustal phases
86
4.9.2
Whole Earth phases
87
4.9.3
PKJKP
:
The Holy Grail of body wave seismology
88
4.10
Global body-wave observations
89
4.11
Exercises
98
5
Inversion of travel time data
103
5.1
One-dimensional velocity inversion
103
5.2
Straight-line fitting
106
5.2.1
Example: Solving for a layer-cake model
108
5.2.2
Other ways to fit the T(X) curve
109
5.3
if/?,) Inversion
110
5.3.1
Example: The layer-cake model revisited
111
5.3.2
Obtaining
τ(ρ)
constraints
112
5.4
Linear programming and regularization methods
115
5.5
Summary: One-dimensional velocity inversion
117
5.6
Three-dimensional velocity inversion
117
5.6.1
Setting up the tomography problem 1
18
5.6.2
Solving the tomography problem
122
5.6.3
Tomograph) complications
124
5.6.4
Finite frequency tomography
125
5.7
Earthquake location
127
5.7.1
Iterative location methods
133
CONTENTS
vii
5.7.2
Relative
event
location
methods
134
5.8
Exercises
135
Ray theory: Amplitude
and phase
139
6.1
Energy in seismic waves
139
6.2
Geometrical spreading in 1-D velocity models
142
6.3
Reflection and transmission coefficients
144
6.3.1
SW-wave reflection and transmission coefficients
145
6.3.2
Example: Computing SH coefficients
149
6.3.3
Vertical incidence coefficients
149
6.3.4
Energy-normalized coefficients
151
6.3.5
Dependence on ray angle
152
6.4
Turning points and Hubert transforms
156
6.5
Matrix methods for modeling plane wavesf
159
6.6
Attenuation
163
6.6.1
Example: Computing intrinsic attenuation
164
6.6.2
t
*
and velocity dispersion
165
6.6.3
The absorption band model^
168
6.6.4
The standard linear solid*
171
6.6.5
Earth s attenuation
173
6.6.6
Observing
Q
175
6.6.7
Non-linear attenuation
176
6.6.8
Seismic attenuation and global politics
177
6.7
Exercises
177
Reflection seismology
181
7.1
Zero-offset sections
182
7.2
Common midpoint stacking
184
7.3
Sources and deconvolution
188
7.4
Migration
191
7.4.1
Huygens principle
192
7.4.2
Diffraction hyperbolas
193
7.4.3
Migration methods
195
7.5
Velocity analysis
197
7.5.1
Statics corrections
198
7.6
Receiver functions
199
7.7 Kirchhoff
theoryf
202
7.7.1 Kirchhoff
applications
208
7.7.2
How to write
a
Kirchhoff
program
210
7.7.3 Kirchhoff
migration
210
7.8
Exercises
211
viii CONTENTS
8
Surface waves and normal modes
215
8.1
Love waves
215
8.1.1
Solution for a single laver
218
219
224
226
228
231
238
241
241
245
248
251
259
260
262
265
267
268
271
273
277
280
288
290
291
293
9.10
Exercises
297
10
Earthquake prediction
301
10.1
The earthquake cycle
301
10.2
Earthquake triggering
309
10.3
Searching for precursors
314
10.4
Are earthquakes unpredictable
316
10.5
Exercises
318
11
Instruments, noise, and anisotropy
321
11.1
Instruments
321
11.1.1
Modern seismographs
327
11.2
Earth noise
330
11.3
AnisotropyT
332
8.2
Rayleigh waves
8.3
Dispersion
8.4
Global surface waves
8.5
Observing surface waves
8.6
Normal modes
8.7
Exercises
Earthquakes and source theory
9.1
Green s functions and the moment tensor
9.2
Earthquake faults
9.2.1
Non-double-couple sources
9.3
Radiation patterns and beach balls
9.3.1
Example: Plotting a focal mechanism
9.4
Far-field pulse shapes
9.4.1
Directivity
9.4.2
Source spectra
9.4.3
Empirical Green s functions
9.5
Stress drop
9.5.1
Self-similar earthquake scaling
9.6
Radiated seismic energy
9.6.1
Earthquake energy partitioning
9.7
Earthquake magnitude
9.7.1
The rvalue
9.7.2
The intensity scale
9.8
Finite slip modeling
9.9
The heat flow paradox
CONTENTS
¡X
11.3.1
Snelľs
law at an interface
337
11.3.2
Weak anisotropy
337
11.3.3
Shear-wave splitting
339
11.3.4
Hexagonal anisotropy
341
11.3.5
Mechanisms for anisotropy
343
11.3.6
Earth s anisotropy
344
11.4
Exercises
346
Appendix A The PREM model
349
Appendix
В
Math review
353
B.I Vector calculus
353
B.2 Complex numbers
358
Appendix
С
The eikonal equation
361
Appendix
D
Fortran subroutines
367
Appendix
E
Time series and Fourier transforms
371
E.I Convolution
371
E.2 Fourier transform
373
E.3 Hubert transform
373
Bibliography
377
Index
391
|
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| author | Shearer, Peter M. |
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| classification_tum | GEO 550f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)317748737 (DE-599)BVBBV035196603 |
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| discipline | Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Physik Geographie |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780521882101 9780521708425 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Shearer, Peter M. Verfasser aut Introduction to seismology Peter M. Shearer Seismology 2. ed. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2009 XIV, 396 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Seismische Welle (DE-588)4180762-5 gnd rswk-swf Seismologie (DE-588)4379341-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Seismologie (DE-588)4379341-1 s Seismische Welle (DE-588)4180762-5 s 1\p DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017003117&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Shearer, Peter M. Introduction to seismology Seismology Seismische Welle (DE-588)4180762-5 gnd Seismologie (DE-588)4379341-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4180762-5 (DE-588)4379341-1 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Introduction to seismology |
| title_alt | Seismology |
| title_auth | Introduction to seismology |
| title_exact_search | Introduction to seismology |
| title_full | Introduction to seismology Peter M. Shearer |
| title_fullStr | Introduction to seismology Peter M. Shearer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introduction to seismology Peter M. Shearer |
| title_short | Introduction to seismology |
| title_sort | introduction to seismology |
| topic | Seismology Seismische Welle (DE-588)4180762-5 gnd Seismologie (DE-588)4379341-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Seismology Seismische Welle Seismologie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017003117&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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