Racism and equality in the European Union:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2008
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| Schriftenreihe: | Oxford studies in European law
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes index |
| Beschreibung: | xxii, 227 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780199297849 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Bell, Mark |d 1974- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1145715737 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Racism and equality in the European Union |c Mark Bell |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Oxford University Press |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a xxii, 227 Seiten | ||
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| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 490 | 0 | |a Oxford studies in European law | |
| 500 | |a Includes index | ||
| 610 | 1 | 7 | |a Europäische Union |2 idszbz |
| 650 | 7 | |a Rassendiskriminierung |2 idszbz | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Rassismus - Recht - Europäische Union |2 idsbb | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Rechtsgleichheit |2 idszbz | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Recht | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Race discrimination |x Law and legislation |z European Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Equality |z European Union countries | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138445556154368 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Racism and equality in the European Union
Autor: Bell, Mark
Jahr: 2008
Contents
Acknowledgements vii
List of Abbreviations xiii
List of Tables xv
Table of Cases xvii
Table of Legislation xix
Introduction 1
1. Race , Ethnicity, and Racism in Europe 7
A. Race and Racism 8
B. Scientific, Cultural, and Institutional Racism 9
C. Race , Ethnicity, and Law 12
D. Groups Vulnerable to Racism 1 7
E. Intersectionality and Racism 21
F. Conclusions 24
2. Racism and Equality 27
A. Formal Equality 28
The limits of formal equality 29
B. Substantive Equality 31
The limits of substantive equality 36
Accommodating difference 36
Equality of opportunity or outcome 37
Reflecting diversity 40
C. Conclusions 42
3. Mainstreaming Ethnic Equality 43
A. The Emergence of Mainstreaming 44
B. Explaining the Rise of Mainstreaming 45
Weaknesses in existing equality law instruments 45
Mainstreaming and EU governance 48
C. Models of Mainstreaming 50
The goals of mainstreaming 51
Methods of mainstreaming 52
Expert-bureaucratic methods 52
Participatory-democratic methods 53
The instruments of mainstreaming 55
Defining the duty 55
x Contents
Impact assessment 56
Measuring progress 58
D. Conclusions 60
4. Racism and Anti-Discrimination 63
A. Racism and Anti-Discrimination Legislation 63
The main elements of the Racial Equality Directive 65
Racism and die Racial Equality Directive 67
Equality and the Racial Equality Directive 68
B. Racism and Anti-Discrimination Policy 71
Pre-Artide 13 71
Target groups 71
Key acton 72
Policy orientations 73
Post-Article 13 74
Target groups 75
Key actors 78
Civil society 78
Institutional actors 79
Policy orientations 82
Moving from anti-racism to anti-discrimination 82
Recognizing the limits of individual litigation 82
Mainstreaming and data collection 83
C. Conclusions 85
5. Employment 89
A. Employment Legislation 92
B. The European Employment Strategy 94
The structure of the Employment Strategy 95
Ethnic equality and the Employment Strategy 96
Mainstreaming edinic equality into the Employment Strategy 101
C. The European Social Fund 103
Mainstreaming and the European Social Fund 104
Ethnic equality and the European Social Fund 105
The Integra programme 1997-1999 106
The Equal programme 2000-2006 107
The European Social Fund 2007-2013 109
D. Conclusions 109
6. Social Inclusion: Education, Health, and Housing 113
A. From Combating Poverty to Promoting Social Inclusion 117
B. The Social Inclusion Process 118
C. Promoting Ethnic Equality and die Social Inclusion Process 120
Contents xi
From invisibility to key objectives 120
Mainstreaming ethnic equality into social inclusion policy 123
Target groups 123
Data collection 123
Concept of racism 125
Mainstreaming via the OMC 125
D. EU Policies on Education and Health 127
Education 127
Education programmes 128
Applying the OMC to education 129
Mainstreaming ethnic equality and education policy 130
Health 132
E. Conclusions 134
7. Immigration and Integration 137
A. Can Ethnic Equality Objectives be Mainstreamed into
Immigration Law? 139
B. Irregular Migrants 141
C. Legal Migrants 145
Overview of the current legal framework 146
A framework for equality? 148
D. Integration Policy 149
The principal elements of EU integration policy 1 50
Integration policy and mainstreaming ethnic equality 151
E. Conclusions 155
8. Criminal Law 1 57
A. Criminal Law and the EU Treaty 1 59
B. Using Criminal Law to Combat Racism 161
The 1996 Joint Action on racism and xenophobia 161
The Framework Decision on racism and xenophobia 164
Cross-border cooperation on combating racist crime 168
Combating racist media via the EC Treaty 171
Racist offences and EU criminal law 172
C. Promoting Ethnic Equality in the Criminal Justice System 173
Data collection 174
Funding programmes 1 76
D. Conclusions 177
Conclusions 179
A. Combating Racism and Promoting Equality 1 80
Target groups and intersectionality 1 ^2
xii Contents
B. Models of Mainstreaming and Styles of Governance 185
C. Looking to the Future 188
Bibliography 191
A. European Union Official Documentation
(Commission, Council, Parliament) 191
B. General Bibliography 197
Index 215
Table of Cases
A. EUROPEAN UNION
Court of Justice
Case C-328/04 Attila Vajnai [2005] ECR 1-8577 ............................. 81
Case C-158/97 Badeck [2000] ECR 1-1875................................. 35
Case C-54/07 Centrum voor gelijkheid van kansen en voor racismebestrijding v NV
Firma Feryn, [2008] OJ C223/11....................................70, 81
Case C-335/04 Commission v Austria [2005] OJ C171/5 ........................ 81
Case C-176/03 Commission v Council [2005] ECR 1-7879 .......................160
Case C-440/05 Commission v Council [2007] O] C315/9 .......................160
Case C-327/04 Commission v Finland [2005] OJ C239/3 ....................... 81
Case C-329/04 Commission v Germany [2005] OJ C143/13 ...................... 81
Case C-320/04 Commission v Luxembourg [2005] OJ C93/2 ..................... 81
Case C-1O5/O3 Criminal proceedings against Pupino [2005] ECR 1-5283..............160
Case C-300/04 Eman and Sevinger v College van burgemeester en wethouders
van Den Haag [2006] ECR 1-8055..................................... 30
Case C-148/02 Garcia Avello v Belgium [2003] ECR 1-11613..................... 28
Case C-524/06 Huber v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, AG Opinion, 3 April 2008 ........174
Case C-302/97 Konle v Austria [1999] ECR 1-3099 ...........................127
Case C-540/03 Parliament v Council [2006] ECR 1-5769 .......................154
Case C-84/94 UK v Council (Working Time) [1996] ECR 1-5793 .................. 95
Court of First Instance
Case T-217/01 Forum des migrants de I Union europeenne v Commission [2O03]
ECR 11-1563 ................................................... 73
B. COUNCIL OF EUROPE
European Court of Human Rights
Bekos and Koutropoulous v Greece (2006) 43 EHRR 2 ..........................159
Cobzaru v Romania, Application 48254/99, 26 July 2007 .......................159
DH and others v The Czech Republic (2006) 43 EHRR4I ....................... 31
DH and others v The Czech Republic [GC] (2008) 47 EHRR 3 ...............12, 21, 31
Gaygusuz v Austria (1997) 23 EHRR 364 ..................................140
Moldovan and others v Romania (2007) 44 EHRR 16 ..........................159
Nachova and others v Bulgaria [GC] (2006) 42 EHRR 43 .......................159
Petropoulou-Tsakiris v Greece, Application 44803/04, 6 December 2007 ..............159
Secic v Croatia, Application 40116/02, 31 May 2007 ..........................1 57
Stoica v Romania, Application 42722/02, 4 March 2008 ........................159
Thlimmenos v Greece (2001) 31 EHRR 15 ................................. 30
Timishev v Russia (2007) 44 EHRR 3? .................................... 16
European Committee of Social Rigjits
ERRC v Greece (2005) 41 EHRR SE14 ................................31,115
ERRC v Italy (2006) 43 EHRR SF7...................................31.115
ERRC v Bulgaria (2008) 46 EHRR SE10 ...............................31.115
xviii Table of Cases
C. OTHER JURISDICTIONS
France
Association United Sikhs and Mann Singh, Case 289947, 6 March 2006 (Conseil d Etat) ... 33
Netherlands
Opinion 1998/48, Equal Treatment Commission............................. 16
Opinion 1998/57, Equal Treatment Commission............................. 16
UK
Azmi v Kirklees Metropolitan Borough Council [2007] IRLR 484, EAT ............... 41
Dawkins v Department of the Environment [1993] IRLR 284, CA .................. 16
Mandla v Dowell Lee [1983] 2 AC 548, HL ................................ 16
R (Eisai Ltd) v National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence [2007] EWHC 1941
(Admin), QB ................................................... 56
R (Elias) v Secretary of State for Defence [2006] 1 WLR 3213, CA.................. 56
R (ERRC) v Immigration Officer at Prague Airport and another [2005] 2 AC 1, HL ...... 141
Seide v Gillette Industries Ltd [1980] IRLR 427, EAT .......................... 16
USA
Gratz v BoUinger 539 US 244, 123 S Ct 2411 (2003).......................... 35
Grutter v BoUinger 539 US 306, 123 S Ct 2325 (2003)......................... 35
Parents involved in community schools v Seattle School District No
1 etal. 551 US, 127 S Ct 2738 (2007) ................................. 35
Table of Legislation
A. EUROPEAN UNION
European Community Treaty
Decisions
EP and Council Decision (EC) 819/95 establishing the Community action programme
Socrates [1995] OJ L87/10..........................................128
EP and Council Decision (EC) 276/1999 adopting a multiannual Community
action plan on promoting safer use of the internet by combating illegal and
harmful content on global networks [1999] OJ L33/1 ........................171
EP and Council Decision (EC) 253/2000 establishing the second phase of the
Community action programme in the field of education Socrates [2000] OJ
L28/1.........................................................129
Council Decision (EC) 2000/750 establishing a Community action programme
to combat discrimination (2001 to 2006) [2000] OJ L303/23..... 75, 78, 79, 81, 82, 86,
106, 107, 134, 181
Council Decision (EU) extending Europol s mandate to deal with the serious forms
of international crime listed in die Annex to the Europol Convention [2001]
OJ C362/1.....................................................162
Council Decision (EC) 2001/51 establishing a programme relating to the
Community framework strategy on gender equality (2001-2005) [2001] OJ 1.17/22 .... IS
Council Decision (EU) 2002/630 establishing a framework programme on police and
judicial cooperation in criminal matters (AGIS) [2O02] OJ L203/5................176
EP and Council Decision (EC) 1786/2002 adopting a programme of Community
action in the field of public health (2003-2008) [2002] OJ L271/1...............132
Council Decision (EC) 2003/578 on guidelines for the employment policies of
the Member States [2003] OJ L197/13.................................. 96
Council Decision (EC) 2005/600 on guidelines for the employment policies of
the Member States [2005] OJ L2O5/21.................................. 99
EP and Council Decision (EC) 854/2005 establishing a multiannual Community
programme on promoting safer use of die internet and new online technologies
[2005] OJ L149/1 ................................................171
Commission Decision (EC) 2006/33 establishing a high-level advisory group on
social integration of ethnic minorities and their full participation in the labour
market [2006] OJ L21/20........................................... 77
Council Decision (EC) 771/2006 establishing the European Year of Equal
Opportunities for All (2007)—towards a just society [2006) OJ L146/1 ..........82. S3
EP and Council Decision (EC) 1672/2006 establishing a Community programme
for employment and social solidarity— Progress [2006] OJ L315/1 .............75, 151
EP and Council Decision (EC) 1720/2006 establishing an action programme in
the field of lifelong learning [2006] OJ L327/45............................129
Council Decision (EC) 2007/252 establishing for the period 2007-2013 the
specific programme Fundamental Rights and Citizenship as part of the
general programme Fundamental Rights and Justice [2007] OJ LI 10/33 ...........V
xx Table of Legislation
Council Decision (EC) 2007/435 establishing the European ftind for the integration
of third country nationals for the period 2007 to 2013 as part of the general programme
solidarity and management of migration flows [2007] OJ L168/18...........151, 153
EP and Council Decision (EC) 1350/2007 establishing a second programme of
Community action in the field of health (2008-13) [2007] OJ L301/3.............133
Directives
Council Directive (EC) 77/486 on the education of the children of migrant workers
[1977] OJ L199/32 ...........................................127, 128
Council Directive (EEC) 89/552 on the coordination of certain provisions laid down
by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the pursuit
of television broadcasting activities [1989] OJ L298/23........................172
Council Directive (EC) 94/45 on the establishment of a European Works Council or a
procedure in Community-scale undertakings and Communiry-scale groups of
undertakings for the purposes of informing and consulting employees [1994]
OJ L254/64 ..............................................93, 94, 186
EP and Council Directive (EC) 95/46 on the protection of individuals with regard to
die processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data [1995]
OJ L281/31 .............................................39, 175, 176
EP and Council Directive (EC) 2000/31 on electronic commerce [2000] OJ L178/1 .....172
Council Directive (EC) 2000/43 implementing the principle of equal treatment
between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin [2000] OJ L180/22 .... 1, 4, 5, 7, 14,
15, 23, 28, 32, 34, 47, 64-71, 73, 75, 81, 82, 85,
89, 93, 100, 113, 125, 138, 140, 148, 149, 157,
164, 168, 172, 173, 181
Council Directive (EC) 2000/78 establishing a general framework for equal
treatment in employment and occupation [2000] OJ L303/16.......1, 15, 64, 66, 67, 75
Council Directive (EC) 2001/55 on minimum efforts for giving temporary protection
in die event of a mass influx of displaced persons and on measures promoting a
balance of efforts between Member States in receiving such persons and bearing
the consequences thereof [2001] OJ L212/12..........................146, 147
EP and Council Directive (EC) 2002/14 of the EP and Council establishing a
general framework for informing and consulting employees in die European
Community [2002] OJ L80/29 .......................................93
EP and Council Directive (EC) 2002/73 amending Directive (EEC) 76/207 on the
implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards
access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions [2002]
OJ L269/15 .................................................... 64
Council Directive (EC) 2003/9 laying down minimum standards for die reception of
asylum seekers [2003] OJ L3I/I8..................................146, 147
Council Directive (EC) 2003/86 on the right to family reunification [2003] OJ
L251/12............................................... 146, 147, 154
Council Directive (EC) 2003/109 concerning the status of third country nationals
who are long-term residents [2004] OJ L16/44......................146-149, 154
EP and Council Directive (EC) 2004/38 on the right of citizens of the Union and
their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member
States [2004] OJ L229/35.......................................146, 147
Council Directive (EC) 2004/83 on minimum standards for the qualification and status
of third country nationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise
need international protection and the content of the protection granted [2004]
OJ L304/12 ................................................146. 147
Table of Legislation xxi
Council Directive (EC) 2004/113 implementing the principle of equal treatment
between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and services
[2004] OJ L373/37........................................1, 23, 64, 66
Council Directive (EC) 2004/114 on the conditions of admission of third-country
nationals for the purposes of studies, pupil exchange, unremunerated training or
voluntary service [2004] O] L375/12................................146, 147
EP and Council Directive (EC) 2005/36 on the recognition of professional qualifications
[2005] OJ L255/22 ...............................................153
Council Directive (EC) 2005/71 on a specific procedure for admitting third-country
nationals for the purposes of scientific research [2005] OJ L289/15 ...........146, 147
EP and Council Directive (EC) 2006/54 on the implementation of the principle of
equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment
and occupation (recast) [2006] OJ L204/23........................1, 64, 67, 70
EP and Council Directive (EC) 2007/65 amending Council Directive (EEC) 89/552
on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative
action in Member States concerning the pursuit of television broadcasting activities
[2007] OJ L332/27...............................................172
Regulations
Council Regulation (EC) 1035/97 establishing a European Monitoring Centre for
Racism and Xenophobia [1997] OJ L151/1 .........................73, 74, 182
EP and Council Regulation (EC) 1262/1999 on the European Social Fund [1999 ;
OJ L161/53 ....................................................105
Commission Regulation (EC) 1983/2003 implementing EP and Council Regulation
1177/2003 concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions
(EU-SILC) as regards the list of target primary variables [2003] OJ L298/34.........124
EP and Council Regulation (EC) 1081/2006 on the European Social Fund and
repealing Regulation (EC) 1784/1999 [2006] OJ L210/12 .................104, 105
Council Regulation (EC) 1083/2006 laying down general provisions on the
European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the
Cohesion Fund and repealing Regulation (EC) 1260/1999 [2006] OJ L210/25 .......105
EP and Council Regulation (EC) 1922/2006 on establishing a European Institute for
Gender Equality [2006] OJ L403/9..................................80, 184
Council Regulation (EC) 168/2007 establishing a European Union Agency for
Fundamental Rights [2007] OJ L53/1.........................80, 175, 184, 189
European Union Treaty
Framework Decisions
Council Framework Decision (EU) 2001/220 on the standing of victims in criminal
proceedings [2001] OJ L82/1.........................................174
Council Framework Decision (EU) 2002/584 on the European arrest warrant and die
surrender procedures between Member States [2002] OJ L190/1 .................169
Council Framework Decision (EU) 2002/629 on combating trafficking in human beings
[2002] OJ L203/1 ................................................l42
Council Framework Decision (EU) 2002/946 on the strengthening of the penal
framework to prevent the facilitation of unauthorised entry, transit or residence
[2002] OJ L328/1 ................................................l42
Council Framework Decision (EU) 2003/577 on the execution in the European Union
of orders freezing property or evidence [2003] OJ L196/45.....................169
Council Framework Decision (EU) 2005/214 on the application of the principle of
mutual recognition to financial penalties [2005] OJ L76/16.....................169
xxii Table of Legislation
Council Framework Decision (EU) 2006/783 on the application of the principle of
mutual recognition to confiscation orders [2006] OJ L328/59...................170
Other categories of EU legislation
Convention on the establishment of a European Police Office (Europol Convention)
[1995] OJ C316/2............................................162, 169
Joint Action (EU) 96/443 concerning action to combat racism and xenophobia
[1996] OJ L185/5..................................72, 161-164, 166, 167,
171, 175, 177
B. NATIONAL LEGISLATION
Finland
Non-Discrimination Act, 21/2004 .......................................56
France
Labour Code: Art L. 1132-1 ........................................... 14
UK
Primary legislation
Equality Act 2006.................................................. 59
Northern Ireland Act 1998............................................ 54
Race Relations Act 1976..................................... 44, 46, 56, 141
Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000....................................47
Racial and Religious Hatred An 2006.....................................168
Secondary legislation
Employment Equality (Religion of Belief) Regulations, SI 2003/1660................ 33
Race Relations Act 1976 (Statutory Duties) Order, SI 2001/3458 ................56-58
|
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| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft Politologie |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| geographic_facet | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| id | DE-604.BV035195432 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:28:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780199297849 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2008042331 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017001975 |
| oclc_num | 234430775 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-703 DE-20 DE-11 DE-739 DE-521 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-703 DE-20 DE-11 DE-739 DE-521 |
| physical | xxii, 227 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Oxford studies in European law |
| spelling | Bell, Mark 1974- Verfasser (DE-588)1145715737 aut Racism and equality in the European Union Mark Bell Oxford Oxford University Press 2008 xxii, 227 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford studies in European law Includes index Europäische Union idszbz Rassendiskriminierung idszbz Rassismus - Recht - Europäische Union idsbb Rechtsgleichheit idszbz Recht Race discrimination Law and legislation European Union countries Equality European Union countries Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017001975&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bell, Mark 1974- Racism and equality in the European Union Europäische Union idszbz Rassendiskriminierung idszbz Rassismus - Recht - Europäische Union idsbb Rechtsgleichheit idszbz Recht Race discrimination Law and legislation European Union countries Equality European Union countries |
| title | Racism and equality in the European Union |
| title_auth | Racism and equality in the European Union |
| title_exact_search | Racism and equality in the European Union |
| title_full | Racism and equality in the European Union Mark Bell |
| title_fullStr | Racism and equality in the European Union Mark Bell |
| title_full_unstemmed | Racism and equality in the European Union Mark Bell |
| title_short | Racism and equality in the European Union |
| title_sort | racism and equality in the european union |
| topic | Europäische Union idszbz Rassendiskriminierung idszbz Rassismus - Recht - Europäische Union idsbb Rechtsgleichheit idszbz Recht Race discrimination Law and legislation European Union countries Equality European Union countries |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Rassendiskriminierung Rassismus - Recht - Europäische Union Rechtsgleichheit Recht Race discrimination Law and legislation European Union countries Equality European Union countries Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017001975&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bellmark racismandequalityintheeuropeanunion |