Văzroditelnijat proces: mjusjulmanskite obštnosti i komunističeskijat režim
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Bulgarian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sofija
Siela
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. izd. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Poredica Minalo nesvăršeno
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 211 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789542802914 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1806960680266366976 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ
Предговор
.,.7
I.
Om
Пролетарския интернационализъм"
до "Единната социалистическа нация": политики
към българите мюсюлмани
.13
1.
В търсене на модели за "приобщаване"
(1937-1959
г.)
.13
2.
Комунистическата модернизация и мюсюлманската религия:
натиск и оцеляване през 60-те години
.27
3.
Кампанията по смяна на имената
(1970-1974
г.)
.64
4.
Религия и политика:
Проблемът
с
българо-мюсюлманските идентичности
.87
II.
От "друзкни и единни през вековете"
до "Възродителния процес": политики
към българските турци
.106
1.
Проекции на хомогенната нация
. 106
2.
"Възродителният процес" от
1984-1989
г
.131
3.
"Майските събития" и "голямата екскурзия"
.176
Вместо заключение:
Наследствата на принудителната интеграция
.194
Подбрана библиография
.197
Michail Gruev
Alexei Kaiionski
The „Revival
Process".
Muslim
Communities
and the Communist Regime: Policies,
Reactions and Consequences
Contents:
Introduction
.7
I. From „Proletarian internationalism" to
„United socialist nation": Policies towards
muslim
bulgarians
.13
1.
Searching for models of „incorporation"
(1937-1969).13
2.
Communist modernization and
muslim
religion:
Pressure and survival in
1960s.27
3.
The name-changing campaign
(1970-1974).64
4.
Religion and politics: The issue of the bulgarian
muslim
identities
. 87
П.
From „Harmonious and united throughout the centuries"
to „Revival process": Policies towards bulgarian
turks
.106
1.
Projections of a homogenious nation
.106
2.
„The revival process" of
1984-1989.131
3.
The „May events" and the „Big excursion"
.176
Conclusion:
The legacies of the forced integration
.194
Selected bibliography
.197
208
Summary
This book investigates the policy of the Communist regime in Bul¬
garia
(1944-1989)
towards the two most significant Muslim communities
-
the
Turks and the Pomaks/Muslim Bulgarians, its major successes and setbacks.
It is based on archival material, newspapers, propaganda texts, relevant
historiography and published sources, but also on ethnographic, ethno-demo-
graphic and sociological studies, including field research carried out by the
authors themselves since early
1990s.
Its main task is to try to outline the
different projections of this complex phenomenon, its controversial results and
long-lasting legacies, from a historical-anthropological perspective. That is why
the text combines the official levels/registers with „subaltern voices"
-
oral
stories, memoirs, interviews, unofficial documents.
The (political and media) euphemism „revival process" is applied here in
a broader sense than its common
historiographie
and public meaning of an
assimilation campaign against the Bulgarian Turks
(1984-1989),
covering a
larger spectrum
-
from ideological postulates to practical measures during the
whole period. Since early
1960s
it is marked not only by the attempts at gradual
or forced assimilation, but also by the strong modernizing impulse of the Com¬
munist ideology, finally
-
by a distorted, yet, at least in some aspects, success¬
ful version of social and cultural integration. The (traditional Muslim,
Turkish-Arab) names changing campaigns
(1964, 1970-1974, 1984-1989)
are
only the culmination of an increasingly nationalist attitude towards the ethnic
and religious „otherness", growing pressure and more or less systematic meas¬
ures for wiping out the signs of the two distinctive Muslim identities.
The book is divided into two parts. The first one is written by
Michail
Gruev, the second
-
by Alexei Kalionski, but each of us contributed to the re¬
spective co-author's text with ideas, data and stylistic interventions.
The first part analyzes the
Pomak
case (s), touching the Turkish one (s)
only in the context of the general attack against the Muslim religion and iden¬
tity, the traditional names considered to be the last and the most important
symbol. The first chapter includes a reconstruction of the situation of the
Pomak
community during the authoritarian regimes in 1930S-1940S, some of
their methods and ideas being „borrowed" since late
1950s
under the cover of
the official Communist ideology and Marxist terminology. The main theme
here is the constant search of relevant models and instruments for „incorpora¬
tion" of this Bulgarian speaking Muslim group as a part and parcel of the
nation. The central role in
1937-1944
belonged to the state-supported
„Bulgarian-Mohammedan Cultural-Educational and Charitable Association
„Rodina"
(„Fatherland"). Besides the activities indicated in its very name, this
organization became the main tool for introducing and caring out of some of
the radical steps, embraced by the authoritarian regime on the eve and during
the Second World War. Among them were the forcible replacement of the tra¬
ditional Muslim clothing and names with „secular" („Bulgarian") ones. What
209
followed was a brief period of toleration of the spontaneous process of restor¬
ing traditional Muslim identity markers in the context of the antagonism be¬
tween the Communist propaganda and
„Rodina"
before
09.09.1944.
After tak¬
ing power as part of the Communist-dominated coalition of the People's Front,
the Bulgarian Worker's Party (later
-
Bulgarian Communist Party, BCP) sought
a tactical support „from below" among the Pomaks and one of the first meas¬
ures was the abolishment of
„Rodina"
under accusations of „chauvinism" and
„fascism", followed by show trials of leaders and activists. However, this „honey
moon" between the new regime and the Pomaks ended in
1948.
A new conflicting
period began, initially marked by the measures for deportation of the Muslim
population along the southern state borders to the interior, then by forcible
„passportization" in
1953
and the next campaign for obliterating the traditional
clothing in the late
1950s.
Silently and gradually the Communist state resorted
to the same, until now rejected and officially condemned, practices of
„Rodina".
The prohibitions concerning traditional Muslim costumes or their ele¬
ments, the kurbans (ritual sacrifices), the circumcisions, finally
-
the first at¬
tempts to change the Turkish-Arab names of the Pomaks
(1964),
went side by
side with the radical economic, social and cultural changes in the remote re¬
gions of the Rhodopes and part of the Central Balkan range.
The second chapter analyzes the establishment of the specific model
„modernization cum integration", combining small privileges and the creation
of new local intelligentsia with pressure, the rapid industrialization and the
general improvements in social and economic conditions with sheer force.
The third chapter investigates the name-changing cam¬
paign
(1970-1974)
with its different stages, forms and nuances varying from
the desired „semi-voluntary" response in the regions of Smolyan and Zlatograd
to collective protests, respectively
-
growing repression in the Western
Rhodopes, where the violence escalated during the so-called „Kornitsa events".
A long-lasting consequence of these campaigns is the spectrum of emerg¬
ing (or diverging) contemporary
Pomak
group identities, analyzed in the fourth
chapter.
The second part traces out the complexities and controversies of the
policy towards Bulgarian Turks. Once again, the uneasy balance between the
Communist state power and a troubled minority, integration and emigration,
assimilation and conflict, are depicted in the context of ideological and social
changes constructing and re-constructing the identities of all local Muslim
communities. It means outlining some specific measures concerning also
Pomaks in the period when they were considered more or less integrated and
the stress was put firstly on gradual, than on forced assimilation and/or emi¬
gration of the Turks (to Turkey). Other,
les
numerous Muslim groups such as
Tatars and Alians/Alevis are only mentioned in this general framework. That
is how the second largest minority, viewed as „most marginal" and „underde¬
veloped"
-
the Gypsies/Roma, appears in this text, roughly half of them being
traditionally Muslim. However, in this case the policies of integration, although
210
Eliso
marked by the antireligious, atheistic pathos, were focused mainly on
periodical attempts to solve a set of specific social problems. This part of the
text is focused mostly on a distinctive period in the evolution of
Те
regime,
initially propagated as internationalist. Step by step, the ruling elite took the
direction of forging an ideological hybrid between „practical communism" („real
socialism") and the growing Bulgarian nationalism (1970S-1980S). This gen¬
eral trend is the predominant context of the book as a whole, so the first
chapter of the second part outlines the next stage of constructing the Bulgar¬
ian Turkish minority after
1944
in the frames of the new secularist and
progressist ideology and practice. It tries to demonstrate the consequences of
modernization process in these specific conditions, the contradictions and
complementarities of the (more or less) gradual process of integration. Given
the significant success in this respect, the Turks continued to be viewed by the
regime as „most distant others", still „not modern and secular enough", in¬
creasingly
—
as potential geopolitical and demographic „threat" in the context
of the Cold War. That is how the
Pomak
name-changing campaign in
mid-1970s
„experimentally" included the local Turkish community in the Central Rhodopes.
This time the argumentation mirrored the already predominant primordialist,
almost bodily vision of a centuries-old nation on its way to final homogeniza-
tion, only natural and inevitable in the times of the „developed socialist soci¬
ety". In the particular case of the local Turkish community in the
Devin
area,
the assimilation by force was argued by their „predominantly Bulgarian blood"
(origin traced for generations of „mixed" marriages with the neighboring
Pomak
villages), regardless of their native language and ethnic identity. In the begin¬
ning of the
1980s
this „creeping revival process" considerably broadens by en¬
compassing all „mixed marriages" and their children, more and more individu¬
als, thus approaching the core of the Bulgarian Turkish community.
The second chapter of this part offers an analysis of the assimilation
campaign at large scale
(1984-1989),
its official and hidden motives, internal
an external propaganda argumentation, the decision-making on different level
of the party-state pyramid. It tries to demonstrate, both from „above" and from
„below", the predominantly reverse effect of an unprecedented systematic and
harsh policy concerning not only the Turkish minority, but the Bulgarian soci¬
ety as a whole.
The third chapter of the second part is dedicated to the so-called „May
events" and „Big excursion" (euphemisms for the collective protests of Bulgar¬
ian Turks against the assimilation and discrimination and the subsequent exo¬
dus on mass scale to Turkey, spring
-
autumn of
1989).
They took place in the
context of growing international isolation of Communist Bulgaria and the rapid
radical changes in Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe, thus becoming the most
spectacular demonstration of the final collapse of the „revival process" and
Todor Zhivkov's regime itself.
211 |
| adam_txt |
СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ
Предговор
.,.7
I.
Om
Пролетарския интернационализъм"
до "Единната социалистическа нация": политики
към българите мюсюлмани
.13
1.
В търсене на модели за "приобщаване"
(1937-1959
г.)
.13
2.
Комунистическата модернизация и мюсюлманската религия:
натиск и оцеляване през 60-те години
.27
3.
Кампанията по смяна на имената
(1970-1974
г.)
.64
4.
Религия и политика:
Проблемът
с
българо-мюсюлманските идентичности
.87
II.
От "друзкни и единни през вековете"
до "Възродителния процес": политики
към българските турци
.106
1.
Проекции на хомогенната нация
. 106
2.
"Възродителният процес" от
1984-1989
г
.131
3.
"Майските събития" и "голямата екскурзия"
.176
Вместо заключение:
Наследствата на принудителната интеграция
.194
Подбрана библиография
.197
Michail Gruev
Alexei Kaiionski
The „Revival
Process".
Muslim
Communities
and the Communist Regime: Policies,
Reactions and Consequences
Contents:
Introduction
.7
I. From „Proletarian internationalism" to
„United socialist nation": Policies towards
muslim
bulgarians
.13
1.
Searching for models of „incorporation"
(1937-1969).13
2.
Communist modernization and
muslim
religion:
Pressure and survival in
1960s.27
3.
The name-changing campaign
(1970-1974).64
4.
Religion and politics: The issue of the bulgarian
muslim
identities
. 87
П.
From „Harmonious and united throughout the centuries"
to „Revival process": Policies towards bulgarian
turks
.106
1.
Projections of a homogenious nation
.106
2.
„The revival process" of
1984-1989.131
3.
The „May events" and the „Big excursion"
.176
Conclusion:
The legacies of the forced integration
.194
Selected bibliography
.197
208
Summary
This book investigates the policy of the Communist regime in Bul¬
garia
(1944-1989)
towards the two most significant Muslim communities
-
the
Turks and the Pomaks/Muslim Bulgarians, its major successes and setbacks.
It is based on archival material, newspapers, propaganda texts, relevant
historiography and published sources, but also on ethnographic, ethno-demo-
graphic and sociological studies, including field research carried out by the
authors themselves since early
1990s.
Its main task is to try to outline the
different projections of this complex phenomenon, its controversial results and
long-lasting legacies, from a historical-anthropological perspective. That is why
the text combines the official levels/registers with „subaltern voices"
-
oral
stories, memoirs, interviews, unofficial documents.
The (political and media) euphemism „revival process" is applied here in
a broader sense than its common
historiographie
and public meaning of an
assimilation campaign against the Bulgarian Turks
(1984-1989),
covering a
larger spectrum
-
from ideological postulates to practical measures during the
whole period. Since early
1960s
it is marked not only by the attempts at gradual
or forced assimilation, but also by the strong modernizing impulse of the Com¬
munist ideology, finally
-
by a distorted, yet, at least in some aspects, success¬
ful version of social and cultural integration. The (traditional Muslim,
Turkish-Arab) names changing campaigns
(1964, 1970-1974, 1984-1989)
are
only the culmination of an increasingly nationalist attitude towards the ethnic
and religious „otherness", growing pressure and more or less systematic meas¬
ures for wiping out the signs of the two distinctive Muslim identities.
The book is divided into two parts. The first one is written by
Michail
Gruev, the second
-
by Alexei Kalionski, but each of us contributed to the re¬
spective co-author's text with ideas, data and stylistic interventions.
The first part analyzes the
Pomak
case (s), touching the Turkish one (s)
only in the context of the general attack against the Muslim religion and iden¬
tity, the traditional names considered to be the last and the most important
symbol. The first chapter includes a reconstruction of the situation of the
Pomak
community during the authoritarian regimes in 1930S-1940S, some of
their methods and ideas being „borrowed" since late
1950s
under the cover of
the official Communist ideology and Marxist terminology. The main theme
here is the constant search of relevant models and instruments for „incorpora¬
tion" of this Bulgarian speaking Muslim group as a part and parcel of the
nation. The central role in
1937-1944
belonged to the state-supported
„Bulgarian-Mohammedan Cultural-Educational and Charitable Association
„Rodina"
(„Fatherland"). Besides the activities indicated in its very name, this
organization became the main tool for introducing and caring out of some of
the radical steps, embraced by the authoritarian regime on the eve and during
the Second World War. Among them were the forcible replacement of the tra¬
ditional Muslim clothing and names with „secular" („Bulgarian") ones. What
209
followed was a brief period of toleration of the spontaneous process of restor¬
ing traditional Muslim identity markers in the context of the antagonism be¬
tween the Communist propaganda and
„Rodina"
before
09.09.1944.
After tak¬
ing power as part of the Communist-dominated coalition of the People's Front,
the Bulgarian Worker's Party (later
-
Bulgarian Communist Party, BCP) sought
a tactical support „from below" among the Pomaks and one of the first meas¬
ures was the abolishment of
„Rodina"
under accusations of „chauvinism" and
„fascism", followed by show trials of leaders and activists. However, this „honey
moon" between the new regime and the Pomaks ended in
1948.
A new conflicting
period began, initially marked by the measures for deportation of the Muslim
population along the southern state borders to the interior, then by forcible
„passportization" in
1953
and the next campaign for obliterating the traditional
clothing in the late
1950s.
Silently and gradually the Communist state resorted
to the same, until now rejected and officially condemned, practices of
„Rodina".
The prohibitions concerning traditional Muslim costumes or their ele¬
ments, the kurbans (ritual sacrifices), the circumcisions, finally
-
the first at¬
tempts to change the Turkish-Arab names of the Pomaks
(1964),
went side by
side with the radical economic, social and cultural changes in the remote re¬
gions of the Rhodopes and part of the Central Balkan range.
The second chapter analyzes the establishment of the specific model
„modernization cum integration", combining small privileges and the creation
of new local intelligentsia with pressure, the rapid industrialization and the
general improvements in social and economic conditions with sheer force.
The third chapter investigates the name-changing cam¬
paign
(1970-1974)
with its different stages, forms and nuances varying from
the desired „semi-voluntary" response in the regions of Smolyan and Zlatograd
to collective protests, respectively
-
growing repression in the Western
Rhodopes, where the violence escalated during the so-called „Kornitsa events".
A long-lasting consequence of these campaigns is the spectrum of emerg¬
ing (or diverging) contemporary
Pomak
group identities, analyzed in the fourth
chapter.
The second part traces out the complexities and controversies of the
policy towards Bulgarian Turks. Once again, the uneasy balance between the
Communist state power and a troubled minority, integration and emigration,
assimilation and conflict, are depicted in the context of ideological and social
changes constructing and re-constructing the identities of all local Muslim
communities. It means outlining some specific measures concerning also
Pomaks in the period when they were considered more or less integrated and
the stress was put firstly on gradual, than on forced assimilation and/or emi¬
gration of the Turks (to Turkey). Other,
les
numerous Muslim groups such as
Tatars and Alians/Alevis are only mentioned in this general framework. That
is how the second largest minority, viewed as „most marginal" and „underde¬
veloped"
-
the Gypsies/Roma, appears in this text, roughly half of them being
traditionally Muslim. However, in this case the policies of integration, although
210
Eliso
marked by the antireligious, atheistic pathos, were focused mainly on
periodical attempts to solve a set of specific social problems. This part of the
text is focused mostly on a distinctive period in the evolution of
Те
regime,
initially propagated as internationalist. Step by step, the ruling elite took the
direction of forging an ideological hybrid between „practical communism" („real
socialism") and the growing Bulgarian nationalism (1970S-1980S). This gen¬
eral trend is the predominant context of the book as a whole, so the first
chapter of the second part outlines the next stage of constructing the Bulgar¬
ian Turkish minority after
1944
in the frames of the new secularist and
progressist ideology and practice. It tries to demonstrate the consequences of
modernization process in these specific conditions, the contradictions and
complementarities of the (more or less) gradual process of integration. Given
the significant success in this respect, the Turks continued to be viewed by the
regime as „most distant others", still „not modern and secular enough", in¬
creasingly
—
as potential geopolitical and demographic „threat" in the context
of the Cold War. That is how the
Pomak
name-changing campaign in
mid-1970s
„experimentally" included the local Turkish community in the Central Rhodopes.
This time the argumentation mirrored the already predominant primordialist,
almost bodily vision of a centuries-old nation on its way to final homogeniza-
tion, only natural and inevitable in the times of the „developed socialist soci¬
ety". In the particular case of the local Turkish community in the
Devin
area,
the assimilation by force was argued by their „predominantly Bulgarian blood"
(origin traced for generations of „mixed" marriages with the neighboring
Pomak
villages), regardless of their native language and ethnic identity. In the begin¬
ning of the
1980s
this „creeping revival process" considerably broadens by en¬
compassing all „mixed marriages" and their children, more and more individu¬
als, thus approaching the core of the Bulgarian Turkish community.
The second chapter of this part offers an analysis of the assimilation
campaign at large scale
(1984-1989),
its official and hidden motives, internal
an external propaganda argumentation, the decision-making on different level
of the party-state pyramid. It tries to demonstrate, both from „above" and from
„below", the predominantly reverse effect of an unprecedented systematic and
harsh policy concerning not only the Turkish minority, but the Bulgarian soci¬
ety as a whole.
The third chapter of the second part is dedicated to the so-called „May
events" and „Big excursion" (euphemisms for the collective protests of Bulgar¬
ian Turks against the assimilation and discrimination and the subsequent exo¬
dus on mass scale to Turkey, spring
-
autumn of
1989).
They took place in the
context of growing international isolation of Communist Bulgaria and the rapid
radical changes in Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe, thus becoming the most
spectacular demonstration of the final collapse of the „revival process" and
Todor Zhivkov's regime itself.
211 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Gruev, Michail Ivanov 1971- Kalʹonski, Aleksej |
| author_GND | (DE-588)139092781 |
| author_facet | Gruev, Michail Ivanov 1971- Kalʹonski, Aleksej |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Gruev, Michail Ivanov 1971- |
| author_variant | m i g mi mig a k ak |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035187918 |
| classification_rvk | KZ 1015 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)553491404 (DE-599)BVBBV035187918 |
| discipline | Slavistik |
| discipline_str_mv | Slavistik |
| edition | 1. izd. |
| era | Geschichte 1944-1989 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1944-1989 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Bulgarien |
| id | DE-604.BV035187918 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T23:00:36Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:06:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789542802914 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016994578 |
| oclc_num | 553491404 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-11 DE-29 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 DE-29 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 211 S. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Siela |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Poredica Minalo nesvăršeno |
| spelling | Gruev, Michail Ivanov 1971- Verfasser (DE-588)139092781 aut Văzroditelnijat proces mjusjulmanskite obštnosti i komunističeskijat režim Michail Gruev ; Aleksej Kalʹonski 1. izd. Sofija Siela 2008 211 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Poredica Minalo nesvăršeno In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1944-1989 gnd rswk-swf Islamische Gemeinde (DE-588)4609243-2 gnd rswk-swf Türken (DE-588)4061165-6 gnd rswk-swf Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd rswk-swf Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 gnd rswk-swf Pomaken (DE-588)4201149-8 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 g Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 s Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 s Geschichte 1944-1989 z DE-604 Pomaken (DE-588)4201149-8 s Türken (DE-588)4061165-6 s Islamische Gemeinde (DE-588)4609243-2 s Kalʹonski, Aleksej Verfasser aut Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016994578&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016994578&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Gruev, Michail Ivanov 1971- Kalʹonski, Aleksej Văzroditelnijat proces mjusjulmanskite obštnosti i komunističeskijat režim Islamische Gemeinde (DE-588)4609243-2 gnd Türken (DE-588)4061165-6 gnd Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 gnd Pomaken (DE-588)4201149-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4609243-2 (DE-588)4061165-6 (DE-588)4040921-1 (DE-588)4170001-6 (DE-588)4201149-8 (DE-588)4008866-2 |
| title | Văzroditelnijat proces mjusjulmanskite obštnosti i komunističeskijat režim |
| title_auth | Văzroditelnijat proces mjusjulmanskite obštnosti i komunističeskijat režim |
| title_exact_search | Văzroditelnijat proces mjusjulmanskite obštnosti i komunističeskijat režim |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Văzroditelnijat proces mjusjulmanskite obštnosti i komunističeskijat režim |
| title_full | Văzroditelnijat proces mjusjulmanskite obštnosti i komunističeskijat režim Michail Gruev ; Aleksej Kalʹonski |
| title_fullStr | Văzroditelnijat proces mjusjulmanskite obštnosti i komunističeskijat režim Michail Gruev ; Aleksej Kalʹonski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Văzroditelnijat proces mjusjulmanskite obštnosti i komunističeskijat režim Michail Gruev ; Aleksej Kalʹonski |
| title_short | Văzroditelnijat proces |
| title_sort | vazroditelnijat proces mjusjulmanskite obstnosti i komunisticeskijat rezim |
| title_sub | mjusjulmanskite obštnosti i komunističeskijat režim |
| topic | Islamische Gemeinde (DE-588)4609243-2 gnd Türken (DE-588)4061165-6 gnd Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd Minderheitenpolitik (DE-588)4170001-6 gnd Pomaken (DE-588)4201149-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Islamische Gemeinde Türken Muslim Minderheitenpolitik Pomaken Bulgarien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016994578&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016994578&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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