Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier, Acad. Press
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Plant biology
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 582 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780123741431 0123741432 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Nobel, Park S. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology |c Park S. Nobel |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Plant physiology |
| 250 | |a 4. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier, Acad. Press |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XXI, 582 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Plant biology | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Plant physiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Botanical chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Plant ecophysiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Plant cells and tissues | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138362573946880 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
xiii
Symbols
and Abbreviations
xv
1.
Cells and Diffusion
3
1.1.
Cell Structure
3
1.1
A. Generalized Plant Cell
3
1.1B. Leaf Anatomy
5
1.1C. Vascular Tissue
7
1.1D. Root Anatomy
9
1.2.
Diffusion
11
1.2
A. Fick s First Law
12
1.2B. Continuity Equation and Fick s Second Law
14
1.2C. Time-Distance Relation for Diffusion
16
1.2D. Diffusion in Air
19
1.3.
Membrane Structure
21
1.3A. Membrane Models
21
1.3B.
Organelle
Membranes
23
1.4.
Membrane Permeability
25
1.4
A. Concentration Difference Across a Membrane
26
1.4B. Permeability Coefficient
28
1.4C. Diffusion and Cellular Concentration
29
1.5.
Cell Walls
31
1.5
A. Chemistry and Morphology
33
1.5B. Diffusion Across Cell Walls
34
1.5C. Stress-Strain Relations of Cell Walls
37
1.5D. Elastic Modulus, Viscoelasticity
39
1.6.
Problems
40
1.7.
References and Further Reading
42
2.
Water
45
2.1.
Physical Properties
46
2.1A. Hydrogen Bonding—Thermal Relations
47
2.
IB. Surface Tension
49
2.1C. Capillary Rise
50
2.
ID. Capillary Rise in the Xylem
53
Contents
2.1E.
Tensile Strength, Viscosity
54
2.1F. Electrical Properties
55
2.2.
Chemical Potential
56
2.2A. Free Energy and Chemical Potential
56
2.2B. Analysis of Chemical Potential
60
2.2C. Standard State
63
2.2D. Hydrostatic Pressure
64
2.2E. Water Activity and Osmotic Pressure
65
2.2F. Van t
Hoff
Relation
66
2.2G.
Matric
Pressure
69
2.2H. Water Potential
71
2.3.
Central
Vacuole
and Chloroplasts
72
2.3
A. Water Relations of the Central
Vacuole
73
2.3B.
Boyle-Van t Hoff
Relation
74
2.3C. Osmotic Responses of Chloroplasts
76
2.4.
Water Potential and Plant Cells
78
2.4A. Incipient Plasmolysis
78
2.4B.
Höfler
Diagram and Pressure-Volume Curve
81
2.4C. Chemical Potential and Water Potential of Water Vapor
84
2.4D. Plant-Air Interface
87
2.4E. Pressure in the Cell Wall Water
88
2.4F. Water Flux
91
2.4G. Cell Growth
93
2.4H. Kinetics of Volume Changes
95
2.5.
Problems
96
2.6.
References and Further Reading
98
3.
Solutes
101
3.1.
Chemical Potential of Ions
102
3.1A. Electrical Potential
103
3.1B. Electroneutrality and Membrane Capacitance
104
3.1C. Activity Coefficients of Ions
106
3.1D. Nernst Potential
108
3.1E. Example of
ΕΝκ
110
3.2.
Fluxes and Diffusion Potentials
112
3.2A. Flux and Mobility
113
3.2B. Diffusion Potential in a Solution
116
3.2C. Membrane Fluxes
119
3.2D. Membrane Diffusion Potential—Goldman Equation
122
3.2E. Application of Goldman Equation
125
3.2F.
Donnan
Potential
127
3.3.
Characteristics of Crossing Membranes
129
3.3A. Electrogenicity
130
3.3B. Boltzmann Energy Distribution and Ql0, a Temperature
Coefficient
131
3.3C. Activation Energy and Arrhenius Plots
135
3.3D. Ussing-Teorell Equation
137
3.3E. Example of Active Transport
140
Vil Contents
3.3F. Energy for Active Transport
142
3.3G.
Speculation
on Active Transport
143
3.4.
Mechanisms for
Crossing Membranes
144
3.4A. Carriers,
Porters, Channels, and Pumps
145
3.4B. Michaelis-Menten Formalism
149
3.4C.
Facilitated
Diffusion 151
3.5.
Principles of Irreversible Thermodynamics
153
3.5A. Fluxes, Forces, and Onsager Coefficients
154
3.5B. Water and Solute Flow
156
3.5C. Flux Densities, Lp, and
σ
158
3.5D. Values for Reflection Coefficients
161
3.6.
Solute Movement Across Membranes
163
3.6
A. Influence of Reflection Coefficients on Incipient
Plasmolysis
165
3.6B. Extension of the
Boyle-Van t Hoff
Relation
167
3.6C. Reflection Coefficients of Chloroplasts
169
3.6D. Solute Flux Density
169
3.7.
Problems
170
3.8.
References and Further Reading
173
4.
Light
177
4.1.
Wavelength and Energy
179
4.1A. Lightwaves
179
4.1B. Energy of Light
182
4.1C. Illumination, Photon Flux Density, and Irradiance
185
4.1D. Sunlight
188
4.1E. Planck s and Wien s Formulae
190
4.2.
Absorption of Light by Molecules
191
4.2A. Role of Electrons in Absorption Event
192
4.2B. Electron Spin and State Multiplicity
194
4.2C. Molecular
Orbitals 195
4.2D. Photoisomerization
198
4.2E. Light Absorption by Chlorophyll
199
4.3.
Deexcitation
201
4.3
A. Fluorescence, Radiationless Transition, and
Phosphorescence
202
4.3B. Competing Pathways for Deexcitation
203
4.3C. Lifetimes
206
4.3D. Quantum Yields
208
4.4.
Absorption Spectra and Action Spectra
208
4.4A. Vibrational
Subleveis
210
4.4B. The Franck-Condon Principle
211
4.4C. Absorption Bands, Absorption Coefficients,
and Beer s Law
214
4.4D. Application of Beer s Law
216
4.4E. Conjugation
217
4.4F. Action Spectra
219
4.4G. Absorption and Action Spectra of Phytochrome
220
VIH
Contents
4.5. Problems 223
4.6.
References and Further Reading
225
5.
Photochemistry of Photosynthesis
229
5.1.
Chlorophyll—Chemistry and Spectra
232
5.1A. Types and Structures
232
5.
IB. Absorption and Fluorescence Emission Spectra
233
5.1C. Absorption in Vivo—Polarized Light
236
5.2.
Other Photosynthetic Pigments
238
5.2A. Carotenoids
238
5.2B. Phycobilins
242
5.2C. General Comments
244
5.3.
Excitation Transfers Among Photosynthetic Pigments
245
5.3A. Pigments and the Photochemical Reaction
246
5.3B. Resonance Transfer of Excitation
247
5.3C. Specific Transfers of Excitation
248
5.3D. Excitation Trapping
250
5.4.
Groupings of Photosynthetic Pigments
253
5.4A. Photon Processing
253
5.4B. Excitation Processing
253
5.4C. Photosynthetic Action Spectra and Enhancement Effects
256
5.4D. Two
Photosystems
Plus Light-Harvesting Antennae
256
5.5.
Electron Flow
260
5.5A. Electron Flow Model
260
5.5B. Components of the Electron Transfer Pathway
262
5.5C. Types of Electron Flow
268
5.5D. Assessing Photochemistry using Fluorescence
269
5.5E. Photophosphorylation
271
5.5F.
Vectorial
Aspects of Electron Flow
271
5.6.
Problems
273
5.7.
References and Further Reading
274
6.
Bioenergetics
277
6.1.
Gibbs Free Energy
278
6.1A. Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium Constants
280
6.1B.
Interconversion
of Chemical and Electrical Energy
283
6.1C. RedoxPotentials
285
6.2.
Biological Energy Currencies
286
6.2A. ATP-Structure and Reactions
287
6.2B. Gibbs Free Energy Change for ATP Formation
291
6.2C. NADP+-NADPH
Redox
Couple
293
6.3.
Chloroplast
Bioenergetics
295
6.3A.
Redox
Couples
295
6.3B.
№
Chemical Potential Differences Caused by Electron Flow
299
6.3C. Evidence for Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
300
6.3D. Coupling of Flows
302
IX
Contents
6.4. Mitochondrial Bioenergetics 303
6.4A. Electron
Flow Components—
RedoxPotentials 304
6.4B. Oxidative Phosphorylation 307
6.5. Energy
Flow in the Biosphere
310
6.5A.
Incident
Light—Stefan-Boltzmann
Law
311
6.5B.
Absorbed Light and Photosynthetic Efficiency
313
6.5C. Food Chains and Material Cycles
314
6.6.
Problems
315
6.7.
References and Further Reading
317
7.
Temperature and Energy Budgets
319
7.1.
Energy Budget—Radiation
320
7.1A. Solar Irradiation
322
7.1B. Absorbed Infrared Irradiation
326
7.1C. Emitted Infrared Radiation
327
7.1D. Values for a, a,R, and eIR
328
7.1E. Net Radiation
330
7.1F. Examples for Radiation Terms
330
7.2.
Heat Conduction and Convection
333
7.2A. Wind
334
7.2B. Air Boundary Layers
336
7.2C. Boundary Layers for Bluff Bodies
339
7.2D. Heat Conduction/Convection Equations
340
7.2E. Dimensionless Numbers
341
7.2F. Examples of Heat Conduction/Convection
345
7.3.
Latent Heat—Transpiration
346
7.3
A. Heat Flux Density Accompanying Transpiration
346
7.3B. Heat Flux Density for Dew or Frost Formation
347
7.3C. Examples of Frost and Dew Formation
348
7.4.
Further Examples of Energy Budgets
350
7.4A. Leaf Shape and Orientation
350
7.4B. Shaded Leaves within Plant Communities
352
7.4C. Heat Storage
352
7.4D. Time Constants
354
7.5.
Soil
355
7.5
A. Thermal Properties
356
7.5B. Soil Energy Balance
357
7.5C. Variations in Soil Temperature
358
7.6.
Problems
360
7.7.
References and Further Reading
362
8.
Leaves and Fluxes
365
8.1.
Resistances and Conductances—Transpiration
366
8.1
A. Boundary Layer Adjacent to Leaf
368
8.1B.
Stornata
371
8.1С.
Stomatal
Conductance and Resistance
373
Contents
8.1D.
Cuticle
376
8.1E.
Intercellular Air
Spaces 376
8.1F.
Fick s First Law and Conductances
377
8.2.
Water Vapor Fluxes Accompanying Transpiration
380
8.2A. Conductance and Resistance Network
380
8.2B. Values of Conductances
383
8.2C. Effective Lengths and Resistance
384
8.2D. Water Vapor Concentrations, Mole Fractions and
Partial Pressures for Leaves
385
8.2E. Examples of Water Vapor Levels in a Leaf
387
8.2F. Water Vapor Fluxes
389
8.2G. Control of Transpiration
390
8.3.
CO2 Conductances and Resistances
392
8.3A. Resistance and Conductance Network
392
8.3B.
Mesophyll
Area
394
8.3C. Resistance Formulation for Cell Components
397
8.3D. Partition Coefficient for CO2
398
8.3E. Cell Wall Resistance
399
8.3F. Plasma Membrane Resistance
400
8.3G. Cytosol Resistance
401
8.3H.
Mesophyll
Resistance
402
8.31.
Chloroplast
Resistance
402
8.4.
CO2 Fluxes Accompanying Photosynthesis
403
8.4A. Photosynthesis
403
8.4B. Respiration and
Photorespiration
406
8.4C. Comprehensive CO2 Resistance Network
410
8.4D. Compensation Points
412
8.4E. Fluxes of CO2
416
8.4F. CO2 Conductances
418
8.4G. Photosynthetic Rates
420
8.4H. Environmental Productivity Index
420
8.5.
Water-Use Efficiency
422
8.5
A. Values for WUE
423
8.5B. Elevational Effects on WUE
425
8.5C.
Stomatal
Control of WUE
426
8.5D. C3 versus C4 Plants
429
8.6.
Problems
432
8.7.
References and Further Reading
434
9.
Plants and Fluxes
439
9.1.
Gas Fluxes above Plant Canopy
440
9.1A. Wind Speed Profiles
441
9.
IB. Flux Densities
442
9.1C. Eddy Diffusion Coefficients
443
9.
ID. Resistance of Air above Canopy
445
9.1E. Transpiration and Photosynthesis
445
9.1F. Values for Fluxes and Concentrations
446
9.1G. Condensation
448
9.2.
Gas Fluxes within Plant Communities
449
9.2A. Eddy Diffusion Coefficient and Resistance
449
Xl Contents
9.2B.
Water Vapor
451
9.2C. Attenuation of the Photosynthetic Photon Flux
453
9.2D. Values for Foliar Absorption Coefficient
454
9.2E. Light Compensation Point
455
9.2F. CO2 Concentrations and Fluxes
456
9.2G. CO2 at Night
458
9.3.
Water Movement in Soil
459
9.3A. Soil Water Potential
460
9.3B. Darcy sLaw
462
9.3C. Soil Hydraulic Conductivity Coefficient
463
9.3D. Fluxes for Cylindrical Symmetry
465
9.3E. Fluxes for Spherical Symmetry
467
9.4.
Water Movement in the Xylem and the Phloem
469
9.4A. Root Tissues
469
9.4B. Xylem
470
9.4C. Poiseuille s Law
471
9.4D. Applications of Poiseuille s Law
472
9.4E. Phloem
476
9.4F. Phloem Contents and Speed of Movement
478
9.4G. Mechanism of Phloem Flow
479
9.4H. Values for Components of the Phloem Water Potential
480
9.5.
Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum
483
9.5A. Values for Water Potential Components
483
9.5B. Resistances and Areas
485
9.5C. Values for Resistances and Resistivities
487
9.5D. Root-Soil Air Gap and Hydraulic Conductances
490
9.5E. Capacitance and Time Constants
492
9.5F. Daily Changes
495
9.5G. Global Climate Change
497
9.6.
Problems
500
9.7.
References and Further Reading
503
Solutions To Problems
507
Appendix I. Numerical Values of Constants and Coefficients
545
Appendix II. Conversion Factors and Definitions
553
Appendix HI. Mathematical Relations
557
IILA. Prefixes (for units of measure)
557
III.B. Areas and Volumes
557
III.C. Logarithms
557
III.D. Quadratic Equation
558
III.E.Trignometric Functions
558
III.F. Differential Equations
558
Appendix
IV.
Gibbs Free Energy and Chemical Potential
561
IVA.
Entropy and Equilibrium
561
IV.B. Gibbs Free Energy
563
IV.C. Chemical Potential
565
I V.D. Pressure Dependence of
μ
. 565
IVE.
Concentration Dependence of
μ.
568
Index
571
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface
xiii
Symbols
and Abbreviations
xv
1.
Cells and Diffusion
3
1.1.
Cell Structure
3
1.1
A. Generalized Plant Cell
3
1.1B. Leaf Anatomy
5
1.1C. Vascular Tissue
7
1.1D. Root Anatomy
9
1.2.
Diffusion
11
1.2
A. Fick's First Law
12
1.2B. Continuity Equation and Fick's Second Law
14
1.2C. Time-Distance Relation for Diffusion
16
1.2D. Diffusion in Air
19
1.3.
Membrane Structure
21
1.3A. Membrane Models
21
1.3B.
Organelle
Membranes
23
1.4.
Membrane Permeability
25
1.4
A. Concentration Difference Across a Membrane
26
1.4B. Permeability Coefficient
28
1.4C. Diffusion and Cellular Concentration
29
1.5.
Cell Walls
31
1.5
A. Chemistry and Morphology
33
1.5B. Diffusion Across Cell Walls
34
1.5C. Stress-Strain Relations of Cell Walls
37
1.5D. Elastic Modulus, Viscoelasticity
39
1.6.
Problems
40
1.7.
References and Further Reading
42
2.
Water
45
2.1.
Physical Properties
46
2.1A. Hydrogen Bonding—Thermal Relations
47
2.
IB. Surface Tension
49
2.1C. Capillary Rise
50
2.
ID. Capillary Rise in the Xylem
53
Contents
2.1E.
Tensile Strength, Viscosity
54
2.1F. Electrical Properties
55
2.2.
Chemical Potential
56
2.2A. Free Energy and Chemical Potential
56
2.2B. Analysis of Chemical Potential
60
2.2C. Standard State
63
2.2D. Hydrostatic Pressure
64
2.2E. Water Activity and Osmotic Pressure
65
2.2F. Van't
Hoff
Relation
66
2.2G.
Matric
Pressure
69
2.2H. Water Potential
71
2.3.
Central
Vacuole
and Chloroplasts
72
2.3
A. Water Relations of the Central
Vacuole
73
2.3B.
Boyle-Van't Hoff
Relation
74
2.3C. Osmotic Responses of Chloroplasts
76
2.4.
Water Potential and Plant Cells
78
2.4A. Incipient Plasmolysis
78
2.4B.
Höfler
Diagram and Pressure-Volume Curve
81
2.4C. Chemical Potential and Water Potential of Water Vapor
84
2.4D. Plant-Air Interface
87
2.4E. Pressure in the Cell Wall Water
88
2.4F. Water Flux
91
2.4G. Cell Growth
93
2.4H. Kinetics of Volume Changes
95
2.5.
Problems
96
2.6.
References and Further Reading
98
3.
Solutes
101
3.1.
Chemical Potential of Ions
102
3.1A. Electrical Potential
103
3.1B. Electroneutrality and Membrane Capacitance
104
3.1C. Activity Coefficients of Ions
106
3.1D. Nernst Potential
108
3.1E. Example of
ΕΝκ
110
3.2.
Fluxes and Diffusion Potentials
112
3.2A. Flux and Mobility
113
3.2B. Diffusion Potential in a Solution
116
3.2C. Membrane Fluxes
119
3.2D. Membrane Diffusion Potential—Goldman Equation
122
3.2E. Application of Goldman Equation
125
3.2F.
Donnan
Potential
127
3.3.
Characteristics of Crossing Membranes
129
3.3A. Electrogenicity
130
3.3B. Boltzmann Energy Distribution and Ql0, a Temperature
Coefficient
131
3.3C. Activation Energy and Arrhenius Plots
135
3.3D. Ussing-Teorell Equation
137
3.3E. Example of Active Transport
140
Vil Contents
3.3F. Energy for Active Transport
142
3.3G.
Speculation
on Active Transport
143
3.4.
Mechanisms for
Crossing Membranes
144
3.4A. Carriers,
Porters, Channels, and Pumps
145
3.4B. Michaelis-Menten Formalism
149
3.4C.
Facilitated
Diffusion 151
3.5.
Principles of Irreversible Thermodynamics
153
3.5A. Fluxes, Forces, and Onsager Coefficients
154
3.5B. Water and Solute Flow
156
3.5C. Flux Densities, Lp, and
σ
158
3.5D. Values for Reflection Coefficients
161
3.6.
Solute Movement Across Membranes
163
3.6
A. Influence of Reflection Coefficients on Incipient
Plasmolysis
165
3.6B. Extension of the
Boyle-Van't Hoff
Relation
167
3.6C. Reflection Coefficients of Chloroplasts
169
3.6D. Solute Flux Density
169
3.7.
Problems
170
3.8.
References and Further Reading
173
4.
Light
177
4.1.
Wavelength and Energy
179
4.1A. Lightwaves
179
4.1B. Energy of Light
182
4.1C. Illumination, Photon Flux Density, and Irradiance
185
4.1D. Sunlight
188
4.1E. Planck's and Wien's Formulae
190
4.2.
Absorption of Light by Molecules
191
4.2A. Role of Electrons in Absorption Event
192
4.2B. Electron Spin and State Multiplicity
194
4.2C. Molecular
Orbitals 195
4.2D. Photoisomerization
198
4.2E. Light Absorption by Chlorophyll
199
4.3.
Deexcitation
201
4.3
A. Fluorescence, Radiationless Transition, and
Phosphorescence
202
4.3B. Competing Pathways for Deexcitation
203
4.3C. Lifetimes
206
4.3D. Quantum Yields
208
4.4.
Absorption Spectra and Action Spectra
208
4.4A. Vibrational
Subleveis
210
4.4B. The Franck-Condon Principle
211
4.4C. Absorption Bands, Absorption Coefficients,
and Beer's Law
214
4.4D. Application of Beer's Law
216
4.4E. Conjugation
217
4.4F. Action Spectra
219
4.4G. Absorption and Action Spectra of Phytochrome
220
VIH
Contents
4.5. Problems 223
4.6.
References and Further Reading
225
5.
Photochemistry of Photosynthesis
229
5.1.
Chlorophyll—Chemistry and Spectra
232
5.1A. Types and Structures
232
5.
IB. Absorption and Fluorescence Emission Spectra
233
5.1C. Absorption in Vivo—Polarized Light
236
5.2.
Other Photosynthetic Pigments
238
5.2A. Carotenoids
238
5.2B. Phycobilins
242
5.2C. General Comments
244
5.3.
Excitation Transfers Among Photosynthetic Pigments
245
5.3A. Pigments and the Photochemical Reaction
246
5.3B. Resonance Transfer of Excitation
247
5.3C. Specific Transfers of Excitation
248
5.3D. Excitation Trapping
250
5.4.
Groupings of Photosynthetic Pigments
253
5.4A. Photon Processing
253
5.4B. Excitation Processing
253
5.4C. Photosynthetic Action Spectra and Enhancement Effects
256
5.4D. Two
Photosystems
Plus Light-Harvesting Antennae
256
5.5.
Electron Flow
260
5.5A. Electron Flow Model
260
5.5B. Components of the Electron Transfer Pathway
262
5.5C. Types of Electron Flow
268
5.5D. Assessing Photochemistry using Fluorescence
269
5.5E. Photophosphorylation
271
5.5F.
Vectorial
Aspects of Electron Flow
271
5.6.
Problems
273
5.7.
References and Further Reading
274
6.
Bioenergetics
277
6.1.
Gibbs Free Energy
278
6.1A. Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium Constants
280
6.1B.
Interconversion
of Chemical and Electrical Energy
283
6.1C. RedoxPotentials
285
6.2.
Biological Energy Currencies
286
6.2A. ATP-Structure and Reactions
287
6.2B. Gibbs Free Energy Change for ATP Formation
291
6.2C. NADP+-NADPH
Redox
Couple
293
6.3.
Chloroplast
Bioenergetics
295
6.3A.
Redox
Couples
295
6.3B.
№
Chemical Potential Differences Caused by Electron Flow
299
6.3C. Evidence for Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
300
6.3D. Coupling of Flows
302
IX
Contents
6.4. Mitochondrial Bioenergetics 303
6.4A. Electron
Flow Components—
RedoxPotentials 304
6.4B. Oxidative Phosphorylation 307
6.5. Energy
Flow in the Biosphere
310
6.5A.
Incident
Light—Stefan-Boltzmann
Law
311
6.5B.
Absorbed Light and Photosynthetic Efficiency
313
6.5C. Food Chains and Material Cycles
314
6.6.
Problems
315
6.7.
References and Further Reading
317
7.
Temperature and Energy Budgets
319
7.1.
Energy Budget—Radiation
320
7.1A. Solar Irradiation
322
7.1B. Absorbed Infrared Irradiation
326
7.1C. Emitted Infrared Radiation
327
7.1D. Values for a, a,R, and eIR
328
7.1E. Net Radiation
330
7.1F. Examples for Radiation Terms
330
7.2.
Heat Conduction and Convection
333
7.2A. Wind
334
7.2B. Air Boundary Layers
336
7.2C. Boundary Layers for Bluff Bodies
339
7.2D. Heat Conduction/Convection Equations
340
7.2E. Dimensionless Numbers
341
7.2F. Examples of Heat Conduction/Convection
345
7.3.
Latent Heat—Transpiration
346
7.3
A. Heat Flux Density Accompanying Transpiration
346
7.3B. Heat Flux Density for Dew or Frost Formation
347
7.3C. Examples of Frost and Dew Formation
348
7.4.
Further Examples of Energy Budgets
350
7.4A. Leaf Shape and Orientation
350
7.4B. Shaded Leaves within Plant Communities
352
7.4C. Heat Storage
352
7.4D. Time Constants
354
7.5.
Soil
355
7.5
A. Thermal Properties
356
7.5B. Soil Energy Balance
357
7.5C. Variations in Soil Temperature
358
7.6.
Problems
360
7.7.
References and Further Reading
362
8.
Leaves and Fluxes
365
8.1.
Resistances and Conductances—Transpiration
366
8.1
A. Boundary Layer Adjacent to Leaf
368
8.1B.
Stornata
371
8.1С.
Stomatal
Conductance and Resistance
373
Contents
8.1D.
Cuticle
376
8.1E.
Intercellular Air
Spaces 376
8.1F.
Fick's First Law and Conductances
377
8.2.
Water Vapor Fluxes Accompanying Transpiration
380
8.2A. Conductance and Resistance Network
380
8.2B. Values of Conductances
383
8.2C. Effective Lengths and Resistance
384
8.2D. Water Vapor Concentrations, Mole Fractions and
Partial Pressures for Leaves
385
8.2E. Examples of Water Vapor Levels in a Leaf
387
8.2F. Water Vapor Fluxes
389
8.2G. Control of Transpiration
390
8.3.
CO2 Conductances and Resistances
392
8.3A. Resistance and Conductance Network
392
8.3B.
Mesophyll
Area
394
8.3C. Resistance Formulation for Cell Components
397
8.3D. Partition Coefficient for CO2
398
8.3E. Cell Wall Resistance
399
8.3F. Plasma Membrane Resistance
400
8.3G. Cytosol Resistance
401
8.3H.
Mesophyll
Resistance
402
8.31.
Chloroplast
Resistance
402
8.4.
CO2 Fluxes Accompanying Photosynthesis
403
8.4A. Photosynthesis
403
8.4B. Respiration and
Photorespiration
406
8.4C. Comprehensive CO2 Resistance Network
410
8.4D. Compensation Points
412
8.4E. Fluxes of CO2
416
8.4F. CO2 Conductances
418
8.4G. Photosynthetic Rates
420
8.4H. Environmental Productivity Index
420
8.5.
Water-Use Efficiency
422
8.5
A. Values for WUE
423
8.5B. Elevational Effects on WUE
425
8.5C.
Stomatal
Control of WUE
426
8.5D. C3 versus C4 Plants
429
8.6.
Problems
432
8.7.
References and Further Reading
434
9.
Plants and Fluxes
439
9.1.
Gas Fluxes above Plant Canopy
440
9.1A. Wind Speed Profiles
441
9.
IB. Flux Densities
442
9.1C. Eddy Diffusion Coefficients
443
9.
ID. Resistance of Air above Canopy
445
9.1E. Transpiration and Photosynthesis
445
9.1F. Values for Fluxes and Concentrations
446
9.1G. Condensation
448
9.2.
Gas Fluxes within Plant Communities
449
9.2A. Eddy Diffusion Coefficient and Resistance
449
Xl Contents
9.2B.
Water Vapor
451
9.2C. Attenuation of the Photosynthetic Photon Flux
453
9.2D. Values for Foliar Absorption Coefficient
454
9.2E. Light Compensation Point
455
9.2F. CO2 Concentrations and Fluxes
456
9.2G. CO2 at Night
458
9.3.
Water Movement in Soil
459
9.3A. Soil Water Potential
460
9.3B. Darcy'sLaw
462
9.3C. Soil Hydraulic Conductivity Coefficient
463
9.3D. Fluxes for Cylindrical Symmetry
465
9.3E. Fluxes for Spherical Symmetry
467
9.4.
Water Movement in the Xylem and the Phloem
469
9.4A. Root Tissues
469
9.4B. Xylem
470
9.4C. Poiseuille's Law
471
9.4D. Applications of Poiseuille's Law
472
9.4E. Phloem
476
9.4F. Phloem Contents and Speed of Movement
478
9.4G. Mechanism of Phloem Flow
479
9.4H. Values for Components of the Phloem Water Potential
480
9.5.
Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum
483
9.5A. Values for Water Potential Components
483
9.5B. Resistances and Areas
485
9.5C. Values for Resistances and Resistivities
487
9.5D. Root-Soil Air Gap and Hydraulic Conductances
490
9.5E. Capacitance and Time Constants
492
9.5F. Daily Changes
495
9.5G. Global Climate Change
497
9.6.
Problems
500
9.7.
References and Further Reading
503
Solutions To Problems
507
Appendix I. Numerical Values of Constants and Coefficients
545
Appendix II. Conversion Factors and Definitions
553
Appendix HI. Mathematical Relations
557
IILA. Prefixes (for units of measure)
557
III.B. Areas and Volumes
557
III.C. Logarithms
557
III.D. Quadratic Equation
558
III.E.Trignometric Functions
558
III.F. Differential Equations
558
Appendix
IV.
Gibbs Free Energy and Chemical Potential
561
IVA.
Entropy and Equilibrium
561
IV.B. Gibbs Free Energy
563
IV.C. Chemical Potential
565
I V.D. Pressure Dependence of
μ
. 565
IVE.
Concentration Dependence of
μ.
568
Index
571 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Nobel, Park S. |
| author_facet | Nobel, Park S. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Nobel, Park S. |
| author_variant | p s n ps psn |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035186592 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QK711 |
| callnumber-raw | QK711.2 |
| callnumber-search | QK711.2 |
| callnumber-sort | QK 3711.2 |
| callnumber-subject | QK - Botany |
| classification_rvk | WN 1000 WN 1300 |
| classification_tum | BIO 480f BIO 422f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)267167131 (DE-599)BVBBV035186592 |
| dewey-full | 571.2 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 571 - Physiology & related subjects |
| dewey-raw | 571.2 |
| dewey-search | 571.2 |
| dewey-sort | 3571.2 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Biologie |
| edition | 4. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV035186592 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:59:59Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:26:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780123741431 0123741432 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016993268 |
| oclc_num | 267167131 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29T DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29T DE-703 |
| physical | XXI, 582 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Elsevier, Acad. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Plant biology |
| spelling | Nobel, Park S. Verfasser aut Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology Park S. Nobel Plant physiology 4. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier, Acad. Press 2009 XXI, 582 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Plant biology Includes bibliographical references Botanical chemistry Plant ecophysiology Plant cells and tissues Umweltfaktor (DE-588)4124348-1 gnd rswk-swf Autökologie (DE-588)4143684-2 gnd rswk-swf Biochemie (DE-588)4006777-4 gnd rswk-swf Biophysik (DE-588)4006891-2 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzenphysiologie (DE-588)4045580-4 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 s Autökologie (DE-588)4143684-2 s DE-604 Pflanzenphysiologie (DE-588)4045580-4 s Umweltfaktor (DE-588)4124348-1 s Biochemie (DE-588)4006777-4 s 1\p DE-604 Biophysik (DE-588)4006891-2 s 2\p DE-604 3\p DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016993268&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Nobel, Park S. Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology Plant physiology Botanical chemistry Plant ecophysiology Plant cells and tissues Umweltfaktor (DE-588)4124348-1 gnd Autökologie (DE-588)4143684-2 gnd Biochemie (DE-588)4006777-4 gnd Biophysik (DE-588)4006891-2 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd Pflanzenphysiologie (DE-588)4045580-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4124348-1 (DE-588)4143684-2 (DE-588)4006777-4 (DE-588)4006891-2 (DE-588)4045539-7 (DE-588)4045580-4 |
| title | Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology |
| title_alt | Plant physiology |
| title_auth | Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology |
| title_exact_search | Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology |
| title_full | Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology Park S. Nobel |
| title_fullStr | Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology Park S. Nobel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology Park S. Nobel |
| title_short | Physicochemical and environmental plant physiology |
| title_sort | physicochemical and environmental plant physiology |
| topic | Plant physiology Botanical chemistry Plant ecophysiology Plant cells and tissues Umweltfaktor (DE-588)4124348-1 gnd Autökologie (DE-588)4143684-2 gnd Biochemie (DE-588)4006777-4 gnd Biophysik (DE-588)4006891-2 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd Pflanzenphysiologie (DE-588)4045580-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Plant physiology Botanical chemistry Plant ecophysiology Plant cells and tissues Umweltfaktor Autökologie Biochemie Biophysik Pflanzen Pflanzenphysiologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016993268&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nobelparks physicochemicalandenvironmentalplantphysiology AT nobelparks plantphysiology |