Product design and development:
This text presents a set of product development techniques aimed at bringing together the marketing, design, and manufacturing functions of the enterprise. The integrative methods facilitate problem-solving and decision-making.
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston, Mass. [u.a.]
Irwin McGraw-Hill
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed., internat. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | This text presents a set of product development techniques aimed at bringing together the marketing, design, and manufacturing functions of the enterprise. The integrative methods facilitate problem-solving and decision-making. |
| Beschreibung: | XV , 368 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780071259477 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Ulrich, Karl T. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Product design and development |c Karl T. Ulrich ; Steven D. Eppinger |
| 250 | |a 4. ed., internat. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boston, Mass. [u.a.] |b Irwin McGraw-Hill |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XV , 368 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 520 | |a This text presents a set of product development techniques aimed at bringing together the marketing, design, and manufacturing functions of the enterprise. The integrative methods facilitate problem-solving and decision-making. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Industrial engineering | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Industrial management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a New products |x Management | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138341267931136 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Brief Content
1 Introduction 1
2 Development Processes and
Organizations 11
3 Product Planning 33
4 Identifying Customer Needs 53
5 Product Specifications 71
6 Concept Generation 97
7 Concept Selection 123
8 Concept Testing 145
s
9 Product Architecture 163
10 Industrial Design 187
11 Design for Manufacturing 209
12 Prototyping 245
13 Robust Design 267
14 Patents and Intellectual Property 287
15 Product Development Economics 309
16 Managing Projects 333
Index 359
ix
Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction 1
Characteristics of Successful Product
Development 2
Who Designs and Develops Products? 3
Duration and Cost of Product
Development 5
The Challenges of Product Development 6
Approach of This Book 6
Structured Methods 7
Industrial Examples 7
Organizational Realities 7
Roadmap of the Book 8
References and Bibliography 10
Exercises 10
Thought Question 10
Chapter 2
Development Processes
and Organizations 11
A Generic Development Process 12
Concept Development: The Front-End
Process 16
Adapting the Generic Product Development
Process 18
Technologv-Push Products 18
Platform Products 20
Process-Intensive Products 20
Customized Products 20
High-Risk Products 20
Quick-Build Products 21
Complex Systems 21
Product Development Process Flows 22
The AMF Development Process 22
Product Development Organizations 23
Organizations Are Formed by Establishing Links
among Individuals 23
x
Organizational Links May Be Aligned with
Functions, Projects, or Both 25
Choosing an Organizational Structure 26
The AMF Organization 28
Summary 30
References and Bibliography 30
Exercises 31
Thought Questions 32
Chapter 3
Product Planning 33
The Product Planning Process 34
Four Types of Product Development Projects 35
The Process 36
Step 1: Identify Opportunities 37
Step 2: Evaluate and Prioritize Projects 38
Competitive Strategy 38
Market Segmentation 39
Technological Trajectories 40
Product Platform Planning 40
Evaluating Fundamentally New Product
Opportunities 42
Balancing the Portfolio 43
Step 3: Allocate Resources and Plan Timing 43
Resource A llocation 44
Project Timing 45
The Product Plan 45
Step 4: Complete Pre-Project Planning 45
Mission Statements 47
Assumptions and Constraints 48
Staffing and Other Pre-Project Planning
Activities 49
Step 5: Reflect on the Results
and the Process 49
Summary 50
References and Bibliography 50
Exercises 52
Thought Questions 52
Chapter 4
Identifying Customer Needs 53
Step 1: Gather Raw Data from Customers 56
Choosing Customers 58
The Art of Eliciting Customer Needs Data 59
Documenting Interactions with Customers 60
Step 2: Interpret Raw Data in Terms of Customer
Needs 61
Step 3: Organize the Needs into a Hierarchy 63
Step 4: Establish the Relative Importance
of the Needs 66
Step 5: Reflect on the Results and the
Process 67
Summary 68
References and Bibliography 68
Exercises 69
Thought Questions 70
Chapter 5
Product Specifications 71
What Are Specifications? 72
When Are Specifications Established? 73
Establishing Target Specifications 74
Step 1: Prepare the List of Metrics 75
Step 2: Collect Competitive Benchmarking
Information 79
Step 3: Set Ideal and Marginally Acceptable
Target Values 79
Step 4: Reflect on the Results and the Process 83
Setting the Final Specifications 83
Step 1: Develop Technical Models
of the Product 85
Step 2: Develop a Cost Model of the Product 86
Step 3: Refine the Specifications, Making Trade-Ojfs
Where Necessary 88
Step 4: Flow Down the Specifications
as Appropriate 89
Step 5: Reflect on the Results and the Process 91
Summary 91
References and Bibliography 92
Exercises 93
Thought Questions 93
Appendix
Target Costing 94
Contents xi
Chapter 6
Concept Generation 97
The Activity of Concept Generation 98
Structured Approaches Reduce the Likelihood
of Costly Problems 99
A Five-Step Method 99
Step 1: Clarify the Problem 100
Decompose a Complex Problem into Simpler
Subproblems 101
Focus Initial Efforts on the Critical
Subproblems 103
Step 2: Search Externally 104
Interview Lead Users 104
Consult Experts 105
Search Patents 105
Search Published Literature 106
Benchmark Related Products 107
Step 3: Search Internally 107
Both Individual and Group Sessions Can
Be Useful 108
Hints for Generating Solution Concepts 109
Step 4: Explore Systematically 110
Concept Classification Tree 112
Concept Combination Table 114
Managing the Exploration Process 117
Step 5: Reflect on the Solutions and
the Process 119
Summary 120
References and Bibliography 121
Exercises 122
Thought Questions 122
Chapter 7
Concept Selection 123
Concept Selection Is an Integra! Part of the Product
Development Process 124
All Teams Use Some Method for Choosing
a Concept 125
A Structured Method Offers Several Benefits 128
Overview of Methodology 129
Concept Screening 130
Step 1: Prepare the Selection Matrix 130
Step 2: Rate the Concepts 131
Step 3: Rank the Concepts 132
xii Contents
Step 4: Combine and Improve the Concepts 132
Step 5: Select One or More Concepts 132
Step 6: Reflect on the Results and the Process 133
Concept Scoring 134
Step 1: Prepare the Selection Matrix 134
Step 2: Rate the Concepts 135
Step 3: Rank the Concepts 136
Step 4: Combine and Improve the Concepts 136
Step 5: Select One or More Concepts 136
Step 6: Reflect on the Results and the Process 137
Caveats 137
Summary 139
References and Bibliography 139
Exercises 140
Thought Questions 141
Appendix A Concept-Screening Matrix
Example 142
Appendix B
Concept-Scoring Matrix Example 143
Chapter 8
Concept Testing 145
Step 1: Define the Purpose
of the Concept Test 147
Step 2: Choose a Survey Population 147
Step 3: Choose a Survey Format 148
Step 4: Communicate the Concept 149
Matching the Survey Format with the Means
of Communicating the Concept 153
Issues in Communicating the Concept 153
Step 5: Measure Customer Response 155
Step 6: Interpret the Results 155
Step 7: Reflect on the Results and the Process 158
Summary 159
References and Bibliography 159
Exercises 160
Thought Questions 160
Appendix
Estimating Market Sizes 161
Chapter 9
Product Architecture 163
What Is Product Architecture? 164
Types of Modularity 166
When Is the Product Architecture Defined? 167
Implications of the Architecture 167
Product Change 167
Product Variety 168
Component Standardization 169
Product Performance 169
Manufacturability 170
Product Development Management 171
Establishing the Architecture 171
Step 1: Create a Schematic of the Product 172
Step 2: Cluster the Elements of the
Schematic 173
Step 3: Create a Rough Geometric Layout 175
Step 4: Identify the Fundamental and Incidental
Interactions 176
Delayed Differentiation 177
Platform Planning 180
Differentiation Plan 180
Commonality Plan 181
Managing the Trade-Off between Differentiation
and Commonality 182
Related System-Level Design Issues 182
Defining Secondary Systems 183
Establishing the Architecture of the Chunks 183
Creating Detached Interface Specifications 184
Summary 184
References and Bibliography 185
Exercises 186
Thought Questions 186
Chapter 10
Industrial Design 187
What Is Industrial Design? 189
Assessing the Need for Industrial Design 191
Expenditures for Industrial Design 191
How Important Is Industrial Design
to a Product? 191
Ergonomic Needs 192
Aesthetic Needs 193
The Impact of Industrial Design 193
Is Industrial Design Worth the Investment? 193
How Does Industrial Design Establish
a Corporate Identity? 196
The Industrial Design Process 197
1. Investigation of Customer Needs 197
2. Conceptualization 197
3. Preliminary Refinement 198
4. Further Refinement and Final Concept
Selection 198
5. Control Drawings or Models 200
6. Coordination with Engineering, Manufacturing,
and External Vendors 200
The Impact of Computer-Based Tools
on the ID Process 200
Management of the Industrial Design Process 201
Timing of Industrial Design Involvement 202
Assessing the Quality of Industrial Design 204
1. Quality of the User Interface 204
2. Emotional Appeal 204
3. Ability to Maintain and Repair the Product 204
4. Appropriate Use of Resources 206
5. Product Differentiation 206
Summary 206
References and Bibliography 207
Exercises 208
Thought Questions 208
Chapter 11
Design for Manufacturing 209
Design for Manufacturing Defined 211
DFM Requires a Cross-Functional Team 211
DFM Is Performed throughout the Development
Process 211
Overview of the DFM Process 212
Step 1: Estimate the Manufacturing Costs 212
Fixed Costs versus Variable Costs 215
The Bill of Materials 215
Estimating the Costs of Standard Components 216
Estimating the Costs of Custom Components 217
Estimating the Cost of Assembly 218
Estimating the Overhead Costs 219
Step 2: Reduce the Costs of Components 220
Understand the Process Constraints
and Cost Drivers 220
Redesign Components to Eliminate Processing
Steps 221
Choose the Appropriate Economic Scale
for the Part Process 221
Standardize Components and Processes 222
Adhere to Black Box Component Procurement 223
Contents xiii
Step 3: Reduce the Costs of Assembly 223
Keeping Score 224
Integrate Parts 224
Maximize Ease of Assembly 225
Consider Customer Assembly 226
Step 4: Reduce the Costs of Supporting
Production 226
Minimize Systemic Complexity 227
Error Proofing 227
Step 5: Consider the Impact of DFM Decisions
on Other Factors 228
The Impact of DFM on Development Time 228
The Impact of DFM on Development Cost 228
The Impact of DFM on Product Quality 229
The Impact of DFM on External Factors 229
Results 229
Summary 231
References and Bibliography 232
Exercises 233
Thought Questions 234
Appendix A
Materials Costs 235
Appendix B
Component Manufacturing Costs 236
Appendix C
Assembly Costs 242
Appendix D
Cost Structures 243
Chapter 12
Prototyping 245
Understanding Prototypes 247
Types of Prototypes 247
What Are Prototypes Used For? 250
Principles of Prototyping 253
Analytical Prototypes Are Generally More Flexible
than Physical Prototypes 253
Physical Prototypes Are Required to Detect
Unanticipated Phenomena 253
A Prototype May Reduce the Risk
of Costly Iterations 254
A Prototype May Expedite Other Development
Steps 256
xiv Contents
A Prototype May Restructure Task
Dependencies 257
Prototyping Technologies 257
3D CAD Modeling and Analysis 257
Free-Form Fabrication 258
Planning for Prototypes 259
Step 1: Define the Purpose of the Prototype 259
Step 2: Establish the Level of Approximation
of the Prototype 260
Step 3: Outline an Experimental Plan 260
Step 4: Create a Schedule for Procurement,
Construction, and Testing 260
Planning Milestone Prototypes 261
Summary 262
References and Bibliography 263
Exercises 264
Thought Questions 264
Chapter 13
Robust Design 267
What Is Robust Design? 268
Design of Experiments 270
The Robust Design Process 271
Step 1: Identify Control Factors, Noise Factors,
and Performance Metrics 271
Step 2: Formulate an Objective Function 272
Step 3: Develop the Experimental Plan 273
Experimental Designs 273
Testing Noise Factors 275
Step 4: Run the Experiment 277
Step 5: Conduct the Analysis 277
Computing the Objective Function 277
Computing Factor Effects by Analysis
of Means 278
Step 6: Select and Confirm Factor
Setpoints 279
Step 7: Reflect and Repeat 279
Caveats 280
Summary 280
References and Bibliography 281
Exercises 282
Thought Questions 282
Appendix
Orthogonal Arrays 283
Chapter 14
Patents and Intellectual Property 287
What Is Intellectual Property? 288
Overview of Patents 289
Utility Patents 290
Preparing a Disclosure 290
Step 1: Formulate a Strategy and Plan 292
Timing of Patent Applications 292
Type of Application 293
Scope of Application 294
Step 2: Study Prior Inventions 294
Step 3: Outline Claims 295
Step 4: Write the Description of the Invention 296
Figures 297
Writing the Detailed Description 297
Defensive Disclosure 298
Step 5: Refine Claims 299
Writing the Claims 299
Guidelines for Crafting Claims 302
Step 6: Pursue Application 302
Step 7: Reflect on the Results and the Process 304
Summary 304
References and Bibliography 305
Exercises 305
Thought Questions 305
Appendix A
Trademarks 306
Appendix B
Advice to Individual Inventors 306
Chapter 15
Product Development Economics 309
Elements of Economic Analysis 310
Quantitative Analysis 310
Qualitative Analysis 310
When Should Economic Analysis Be
Performed? 311
Economic Analysis Process 312
Step 1: Build a Base-Case Financial Model 312
Estimate the Timing and Magnitude of Future Cash
Inflows and Outflows 312
Compute the Net Present Value
of the Cash Flows 314
The Base-Case Financial Model Can Support
Go/No-Go Decisions and Major Investment
Decisions 315
Step 2: Perform Sensitivity Analysis 315
Development Cost Example 316
Development Time Example 317
Step 3: Use Sensitivity Analysis to Understand
Project Trade-Offs 318
Six Potential Interactions 318
Trade-OffRules 320
Limitations of Quantitative Analysis 321
Step 4: Consider the Influence of the Qualitative
Factors on Project Success 322
Projects Interact with the Firm, the Market, and the
Macro Environment 322
Carrying Out Qualitative Analysis 324
Summary 325
References and Bibliography 326
Exercises 327
Thought Questions 327
Appendix A
Time Value of Money and the Net Present
Value Technique 327
Appendix B
Modeling Uncertain Cash Flows Using Net
Present Value Analysis 330
Contents xv
Chapter 16
Managing Projects 333
Understanding and Representing Tasks 334
Sequential, Parallel, and Coupled Tasks 334
The Design Structure Matrix 336
Gantt Charts 337
PERT Charts 338
The Critical Path 338
Baseline Project Planning 339
The Contract Book 339
Project Task List 339
Team Staffing and Organization 341
Project Schedule 342
Project Budget 343
Project Risk Plan 343
Modifying the Baseline Plan 344
Accelerating Projects 345
Project Execution 348
Coordination Mechanisms 348
Assessing Project Status 351
Corrective Actions 351
Postmortem Project Evaluation 352
Summary 353
References and Bibliography 354
Exercises 356
Thought Questions 356
Appendix
Design Structure Matrix Example 356
Index 359
|
| adam_txt |
Brief Content
1 Introduction 1
2 Development Processes and
Organizations 11
3 Product Planning 33
4 Identifying Customer Needs 53
5 Product Specifications 71
6 Concept Generation 97
7 Concept Selection 123
8 Concept Testing 145
s
9 Product Architecture 163
10 Industrial Design 187
11 Design for Manufacturing 209
12 Prototyping 245
13 Robust Design 267
14 Patents and Intellectual Property 287
15 Product Development Economics 309
16 Managing Projects 333
Index 359
ix
Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction 1
Characteristics of Successful Product
Development 2
Who Designs and Develops Products? 3
Duration and Cost of Product
Development 5
The Challenges of Product Development 6
Approach of This Book 6
Structured Methods 7
Industrial Examples 7
Organizational Realities 7
Roadmap of the Book 8
References and Bibliography 10
Exercises 10
Thought Question 10
Chapter 2
Development Processes
and Organizations 11
A Generic Development Process 12
Concept Development: The Front-End
Process 16
Adapting the Generic Product Development
Process 18
Technologv-Push Products 18
Platform Products 20
Process-Intensive Products 20
Customized Products 20
High-Risk Products 20
Quick-Build Products 21
Complex Systems 21
Product Development Process Flows 22
The AMF Development Process 22
Product Development Organizations 23
Organizations Are Formed by Establishing Links
among Individuals 23
x
Organizational Links May Be Aligned with
Functions, Projects, or Both 25
Choosing an Organizational Structure 26
The AMF Organization 28
Summary 30
References and Bibliography 30
Exercises 31
Thought Questions 32
Chapter 3
Product Planning 33
The Product Planning Process 34
Four Types of Product Development Projects 35
The Process 36
Step 1: Identify Opportunities 37
Step 2: Evaluate and Prioritize Projects 38
Competitive Strategy 38
Market Segmentation 39
Technological Trajectories 40
Product Platform Planning 40
Evaluating Fundamentally New Product
Opportunities 42
Balancing the Portfolio 43
Step 3: Allocate Resources and Plan Timing 43
Resource A llocation 44
Project Timing 45
The Product Plan 45
Step 4: Complete Pre-Project Planning 45
Mission Statements 47
Assumptions and Constraints 48
Staffing and Other Pre-Project Planning
Activities 49
Step 5: Reflect on the Results
and the Process 49
Summary 50
References and Bibliography 50
Exercises 52
Thought Questions 52
Chapter 4
Identifying Customer Needs 53
Step 1: Gather Raw Data from Customers 56
Choosing Customers 58
The Art of Eliciting Customer Needs Data 59
Documenting Interactions with Customers 60
Step 2: Interpret Raw Data in Terms of Customer
Needs 61
Step 3: Organize the Needs into a Hierarchy 63
Step 4: Establish the Relative Importance
of the Needs 66
Step 5: Reflect on the Results and the
Process 67
Summary 68
References and Bibliography 68
Exercises 69
Thought Questions 70
Chapter 5
Product Specifications 71
What Are Specifications? 72
When Are Specifications Established? 73
Establishing Target Specifications 74
Step 1: Prepare the List of Metrics 75
Step 2: Collect Competitive Benchmarking
Information 79
Step 3: Set Ideal and Marginally Acceptable
Target Values 79
Step 4: Reflect on the Results and the Process 83
Setting the Final Specifications 83
Step 1: Develop Technical Models
of the Product 85
Step 2: Develop a Cost Model of the Product 86
Step 3: Refine the Specifications, Making Trade-Ojfs
Where Necessary 88
Step 4: Flow Down the Specifications
as Appropriate 89
Step 5: Reflect on the Results and the Process 91
Summary 91
References and Bibliography 92
Exercises 93
Thought Questions 93
Appendix
Target Costing 94
Contents xi
Chapter 6
Concept Generation 97
The Activity of Concept Generation 98
Structured Approaches Reduce the Likelihood
of Costly Problems 99
A Five-Step Method 99
Step 1: Clarify the Problem 100
Decompose a Complex Problem into Simpler
Subproblems 101
Focus Initial Efforts on the Critical
Subproblems 103
Step 2: Search Externally 104
Interview Lead Users 104
Consult Experts 105
Search Patents 105
Search Published Literature 106
Benchmark Related Products 107
Step 3: Search Internally 107
Both Individual and Group Sessions Can
Be Useful 108
Hints for Generating Solution Concepts 109
Step 4: Explore Systematically 110
Concept Classification Tree 112
Concept Combination Table 114
Managing the Exploration Process 117
Step 5: Reflect on the Solutions and
the Process 119
Summary 120
References and Bibliography 121
Exercises 122
Thought Questions 122
Chapter 7
Concept Selection 123
Concept Selection Is an Integra! Part of the Product
Development Process 124
All Teams Use Some Method for Choosing
a Concept 125
A Structured Method Offers Several Benefits 128
Overview of Methodology 129
Concept Screening 130
Step 1: Prepare the Selection Matrix 130
Step 2: Rate the Concepts 131
Step 3: Rank the Concepts 132
xii Contents
Step 4: Combine and Improve the Concepts 132
Step 5: Select One or More Concepts 132
Step 6: Reflect on the Results and the Process 133
Concept Scoring 134
Step 1: Prepare the Selection Matrix 134
Step 2: Rate the Concepts 135
Step 3: Rank the Concepts 136
Step 4: Combine and Improve the Concepts 136
Step 5: Select One or More Concepts 136
Step 6: Reflect on the Results and the Process 137
Caveats 137
Summary 139
References and Bibliography 139
Exercises 140
Thought Questions 141
Appendix A Concept-Screening Matrix
Example 142
Appendix B
Concept-Scoring Matrix Example 143
Chapter 8
Concept Testing 145
Step 1: Define the Purpose
of the Concept Test 147
Step 2: Choose a Survey Population 147
Step 3: Choose a Survey Format 148
Step 4: Communicate the Concept 149
Matching the Survey Format with the Means
of Communicating the Concept 153
Issues in Communicating the Concept 153
Step 5: Measure Customer Response 155
Step 6: Interpret the Results 155
Step 7: Reflect on the Results and the Process 158
Summary 159
References and Bibliography 159
Exercises 160
Thought Questions 160
Appendix
Estimating Market Sizes 161
Chapter 9
Product Architecture 163
What Is Product Architecture? 164
Types of Modularity 166
When Is the Product Architecture Defined? 167
Implications of the Architecture 167
Product Change 167
Product Variety 168
Component Standardization 169
Product Performance 169
Manufacturability 170
Product Development Management 171
Establishing the Architecture 171
Step 1: Create a Schematic of the Product 172
Step 2: Cluster the Elements of the
Schematic 173
Step 3: Create a Rough Geometric Layout 175
Step 4: Identify the Fundamental and Incidental
Interactions 176
Delayed Differentiation 177
Platform Planning 180
Differentiation Plan 180
Commonality Plan 181
Managing the Trade-Off between Differentiation
and Commonality 182
Related System-Level Design Issues 182
Defining Secondary Systems 183
Establishing the Architecture of the Chunks 183
Creating Detached Interface Specifications 184
Summary 184
References and Bibliography 185
Exercises 186
Thought Questions 186
Chapter 10
Industrial Design 187
What Is Industrial Design? 189
Assessing the Need for Industrial Design 191
Expenditures for Industrial Design 191
How Important Is Industrial Design
to a Product? 191
Ergonomic Needs 192
Aesthetic Needs 193
The Impact of Industrial Design 193
Is Industrial Design Worth the Investment? 193
How Does Industrial Design Establish
a Corporate Identity? 196
The Industrial Design Process 197
1. Investigation of Customer Needs 197
2. Conceptualization 197
3. Preliminary Refinement 198
4. Further Refinement and Final Concept
Selection 198
5. Control Drawings or Models 200
6. Coordination with Engineering, Manufacturing,
and External Vendors 200
The Impact of Computer-Based Tools
on the ID Process 200
Management of the Industrial Design Process 201
Timing of Industrial Design Involvement 202
Assessing the Quality of Industrial Design 204
1. Quality of the User Interface 204
2. Emotional Appeal 204
3. Ability to Maintain and Repair the Product 204
4. Appropriate Use of Resources 206
5. Product Differentiation 206
Summary 206
References and Bibliography 207
Exercises 208
Thought Questions 208
Chapter 11
Design for Manufacturing 209
Design for Manufacturing Defined 211
DFM Requires a Cross-Functional Team 211
DFM Is Performed throughout the Development
Process 211
Overview of the DFM Process 212
Step 1: Estimate the Manufacturing Costs 212
Fixed Costs versus Variable Costs 215
The Bill of Materials 215
Estimating the Costs of Standard Components 216
Estimating the Costs of Custom Components 217
Estimating the Cost of Assembly 218
Estimating the Overhead Costs 219
Step 2: Reduce the Costs of Components 220
Understand the Process Constraints
and Cost Drivers 220
Redesign Components to Eliminate Processing
Steps 221
Choose the Appropriate Economic Scale
for the Part Process 221
Standardize Components and Processes 222
Adhere to "Black Box " Component Procurement 223
Contents xiii
Step 3: Reduce the Costs of Assembly 223
Keeping Score 224
Integrate Parts 224
Maximize Ease of Assembly 225
Consider Customer Assembly 226
Step 4: Reduce the Costs of Supporting
Production 226
Minimize Systemic Complexity 227
Error Proofing 227
Step 5: Consider the Impact of DFM Decisions
on Other Factors 228
The Impact of DFM on Development Time 228
The Impact of DFM on Development Cost 228
The Impact of DFM on Product Quality 229
The Impact of DFM on External Factors 229
Results 229
Summary 231
References and Bibliography 232
Exercises 233
Thought Questions 234
Appendix A
Materials Costs 235
Appendix B
Component Manufacturing Costs 236
Appendix C
Assembly Costs 242
Appendix D
Cost Structures 243
Chapter 12
Prototyping 245
Understanding Prototypes 247
Types of Prototypes 247
What Are Prototypes Used For? 250
Principles of Prototyping 253
Analytical Prototypes Are Generally More Flexible
than Physical Prototypes 253
Physical Prototypes Are Required to Detect
Unanticipated Phenomena 253
A Prototype May Reduce the Risk
of Costly Iterations 254
A Prototype May Expedite Other Development
Steps 256
xiv Contents
A Prototype May Restructure Task
Dependencies 257
Prototyping Technologies 257
3D CAD Modeling and Analysis 257
Free-Form Fabrication 258
Planning for Prototypes 259
Step 1: Define the Purpose of the Prototype 259
Step 2: Establish the Level of Approximation
of the Prototype 260
Step 3: Outline an Experimental Plan 260
Step 4: Create a Schedule for Procurement,
Construction, and Testing 260
Planning Milestone Prototypes 261
Summary 262
References and Bibliography 263
Exercises 264
Thought Questions 264
Chapter 13
Robust Design 267
What Is Robust Design? 268
Design of Experiments 270
The Robust Design Process 271
Step 1: Identify Control Factors, Noise Factors,
and Performance Metrics 271
Step 2: Formulate an Objective Function 272
Step 3: Develop the Experimental Plan 273
Experimental Designs 273
Testing Noise Factors 275
Step 4: Run the Experiment 277
Step 5: Conduct the Analysis 277
Computing the Objective Function 277
Computing Factor Effects by Analysis
of Means 278
Step 6: Select and Confirm Factor
Setpoints 279
Step 7: Reflect and Repeat 279
Caveats 280
Summary 280
References and Bibliography 281
Exercises 282
Thought Questions 282
Appendix
Orthogonal Arrays 283
Chapter 14
Patents and Intellectual Property 287
What Is Intellectual Property? 288
Overview of Patents 289
Utility Patents 290
Preparing a Disclosure 290
Step 1: Formulate a Strategy and Plan 292
Timing of Patent Applications 292
Type of Application 293
Scope of Application 294
Step 2: Study Prior Inventions 294
Step 3: Outline Claims 295
Step 4: Write the Description of the Invention 296
Figures 297
Writing the Detailed Description 297
Defensive Disclosure 298
Step 5: Refine Claims 299
Writing the Claims 299
Guidelines for Crafting Claims 302
Step 6: Pursue Application 302
Step 7: Reflect on the Results and the Process 304
Summary 304
References and Bibliography 305
Exercises 305
Thought Questions 305
Appendix A
Trademarks 306
Appendix B
Advice to Individual Inventors 306
Chapter 15
Product Development Economics 309
Elements of Economic Analysis 310
Quantitative Analysis 310
Qualitative Analysis 310
When Should Economic Analysis Be
Performed? 311
Economic Analysis Process 312
Step 1: Build a Base-Case Financial Model 312
Estimate the Timing and Magnitude of Future Cash
Inflows and Outflows 312
Compute the Net Present Value
of the Cash Flows 314
The Base-Case Financial Model Can Support
Go/No-Go Decisions and Major Investment
Decisions 315
Step 2: Perform Sensitivity Analysis 315
Development Cost Example 316
Development Time Example 317
Step 3: Use Sensitivity Analysis to Understand
Project Trade-Offs 318
Six Potential Interactions 318
Trade-OffRules 320
Limitations of Quantitative Analysis 321
Step 4: Consider the Influence of the Qualitative
Factors on Project Success 322
Projects Interact with the Firm, the Market, and the
Macro Environment 322
Carrying Out Qualitative Analysis 324
Summary 325
References and Bibliography 326
Exercises 327
Thought Questions 327
Appendix A
Time Value of Money and the Net Present
Value Technique 327
Appendix B
Modeling Uncertain Cash Flows Using Net
Present Value Analysis 330
Contents xv
Chapter 16
Managing Projects 333
Understanding and Representing Tasks 334
Sequential, Parallel, and Coupled Tasks 334
The Design Structure Matrix 336
Gantt Charts 337
PERT Charts 338
The Critical Path 338
Baseline Project Planning 339
The Contract Book 339
Project Task List 339
Team Staffing and Organization 341
Project Schedule 342
Project Budget 343
Project Risk Plan 343
Modifying the Baseline Plan 344
Accelerating Projects 345
Project Execution 348
Coordination Mechanisms 348
Assessing Project Status 351
Corrective Actions 351
Postmortem Project Evaluation 352
Summary 353
References and Bibliography 354
Exercises 356
Thought Questions 356
Appendix
Design Structure Matrix Example 356
Index 359 |
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| author | Ulrich, Karl T. Eppinger, Steven D. 1961- |
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| id | DE-604.BV035172578 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:54:54Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:26:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780071259477 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Ulrich, Karl T. Verfasser aut Product design and development Karl T. Ulrich ; Steven D. Eppinger 4. ed., internat. ed. Boston, Mass. [u.a.] Irwin McGraw-Hill 2008 XV , 368 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier This text presents a set of product development techniques aimed at bringing together the marketing, design, and manufacturing functions of the enterprise. The integrative methods facilitate problem-solving and decision-making. Industrial engineering Industrial management New products Management Production management Produktentwicklung (DE-588)4139402-1 gnd rswk-swf Produktgestaltung (DE-588)4047340-5 gnd rswk-swf Industriedesign (DE-588)4072788-9 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Produktentwicklung (DE-588)4139402-1 s Produktgestaltung (DE-588)4047340-5 s Industriedesign (DE-588)4072788-9 s 2\p DE-604 Eppinger, Steven D. 1961- Verfasser (DE-588)1013355784 aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016979495&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Ulrich, Karl T. Eppinger, Steven D. 1961- Product design and development Industrial engineering Industrial management New products Management Production management Produktentwicklung (DE-588)4139402-1 gnd Produktgestaltung (DE-588)4047340-5 gnd Industriedesign (DE-588)4072788-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4139402-1 (DE-588)4047340-5 (DE-588)4072788-9 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Product design and development |
| title_auth | Product design and development |
| title_exact_search | Product design and development |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Product design and development |
| title_full | Product design and development Karl T. Ulrich ; Steven D. Eppinger |
| title_fullStr | Product design and development Karl T. Ulrich ; Steven D. Eppinger |
| title_full_unstemmed | Product design and development Karl T. Ulrich ; Steven D. Eppinger |
| title_short | Product design and development |
| title_sort | product design and development |
| topic | Industrial engineering Industrial management New products Management Production management Produktentwicklung (DE-588)4139402-1 gnd Produktgestaltung (DE-588)4047340-5 gnd Industriedesign (DE-588)4072788-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Industrial engineering Industrial management New products Management Production management Produktentwicklung Produktgestaltung Industriedesign Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016979495&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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