Macroeconomics in context:
Gespeichert in:
Hauptverfasser: | , , |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Armonk, N.Y.
Sharpe
2009
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
Beschreibung: | XXIV, 437 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm |
ISBN: | 9780765622976 0765622971 |
Internformat
MARC
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100 | 1 | |a Goodwin, Neva R. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Macroeconomics in context |c Neva Goodwin ; Julie A. Nelson ; Jonathan Harris ; with contributions by Brian Roach and James Devine |
264 | 1 | |a Armonk, N.Y. |b Sharpe |c 2009 | |
300 | |a XXIV, 437 S. |b graph. Darst. |c 24 cm | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
650 | 4 | |a Macroeconomics | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Makroökonomie |0 (DE-588)4037174-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |a Lehrbuch |2 gnd-content | |
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700 | 1 | |a Nelson, Julie A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
700 | 1 | |a Harris, Jonathan |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m SWBplus Fremddatenuebernahme |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016971586&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | CONTENTS PREFACE XIII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIX SAMPLE COURSE OUTLINES XXI
PART ONE THE CONTEXT FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS CHAPTER 1 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
IN CONTEXT , 3 1 WHAT IS MACROECONOMICS ABOUT? 3 2 MACROECONOMIC GOALS 6
2.1 LIVING STANDARDS 6 2.2 STABILITY AND SECURITY 10 2.3 SUSTAINABILITY
11 3 MACROECONOMICS IN CONTEXT 14 3.1 THE CLASSICAL PERIOD 14 3.2 THE
GREAT DEPRESSION, KEYNES, AND MONETARISM 15 3.3 SYNTHESIZING CLASSICAL
AND KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS 17 3.4 SUBSEQUENT CHALLENGES 18 3.5
MACROECONOMICS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY 1 8 CHAPTER 2 USEFUL TOOLS
AND CONCEPTS 22 1 OUR TOOLS FOR UNDERSTANDING 22 1.1 EMPIRICAL
INVESTIGATION 22 1.2 THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION 26 1.3 HISTORICAL
INVESTIGATION 27 2 ECONOMIC TRADEOFFS 28 2.1 ABUNDANCE AND SCARCITY 28
2.2 SOCIETY S PRODUCTION-POSSIBILITIES FRONTIER 29 2.3 TRADEOFFS OVER
TIME * 31 3 THE ROLE OF MARKETS 34 3.1 THE MEANING OF MARKETS 34 3.2 THE
BASIC NEOCLASSICAL MODEL 36 3.3 THE ADVANTAGES OF MARKETS 37 3.4 THE
INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF MARKETS 38 3.5 THE LIMITATIONS OF MARKETS
40 CHAPTER 3 WHAT ECONOMIES DO 47 1 INTRODUCING THE FOUR ESSENTIAL
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 47 1.1 RESOURCE MAINTENANCE 47 1.2 PRODUCTION 48 VI
CONTENTS 1.3 DISTRIBUTION 49 1.4 CONSUMPTION 50 2 RESOURCE MAINTENANCE:
ATTENDING TO THE ASSET BASE OF THE MACROECONOMY 52 2.1 STOCKS VERSUS
FLOWS 52 2.2 INVESTMENT AND DEPRECIATION 52 2.3. RENEWABLE RESOURCES,
NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES, AND SUSTAINABILITY 54 3 DISTRIBUTION: WHO GETS
WHAT, AND HOW? 55 3.1 LABOR AND CAPITAL INCOMES 55 3.2 TRANSFERS AND
TAXES . 56 3.3 THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME 58 3.4 MEASURING INEQUALITY 58
3.5 INCOME INEQUALITY OVER TIME 61 3.6 WEALTH INEQUALITY 62 4 THE THREE
SPHERES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 63 4.1 THE CORE SPHERE 63 4.2 THE
PUBLIC-PURPOSE SPHERE 65 4.3 THE BUSINESS SPHERE 67 4.4 A COMPARATIVE
NOTE: LESS INDUSTRIALIZED ECONOMIES 68 CHAPTER 4 SUPPLY AND DEMAND 72 1
MARKETS AND MACROECONOMICS 72 1.1 CLASSICALS AND KEYNESIANS 72 1.2 A
PARTICULAR KIND OF MARKET 73 2 THE THEORY OF SUPPLY 74 2.1 THE SUPPLY
SCHEDULE AND CURVE 74 2.2 CHANGES IN SUPPLY 75 3 THE THEORY OF DEMAND 77
3.1 THE DEMAND SCHEDULE AND CURVE 77 3.2 CHANGES IN DEMAND 78 4 THE
THEORY OF MARKET ADJUSTMENT 80 4.1 SURPLUS, SHORTAGE, AND EQUILIBRIUM 80
4.2 SHIFTS IN SUPPLY AND DEMAND 81 4.3 ELASTICITIES 83 5 MACROECONOMICS
AND THE DYNAMICS OF REAL-WORLD MARKETS 85 5.1 WHEN PRICE ADJUSTMENTS ARE
SLOW 85 5.2 WHEN PRICES SWING TOO MUCH 86 5.3 FROM MICROECONOMICS TO
MACROECONOMICS? 88 PART TWO MACROECONOMIC BASICS CHAPTER 5 MACROECONOMIC
MEASUREMENT: THE CURRENT APPROACH 95 1 MEASURING A COUNTRY S AGGREGATE
BEHAVIOR 95 2 THE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS AND THEIR CONVENTIONS 96 2.1
CONVENTIONS ABOUT SECTORS 97 2.2 CONVENTIONS ABOUT CAPITAL STOCKS 97 2.3
CONVENTIONS ABOUT INVESTMENT 98 3 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: WHAT IT
REPRESENTS 100 3.1 THE DEFINITION OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 100 3.2 THE
THREE APPROACHES TO MEASURING GDP: AN INTRODUCTION 101 4 GROSS DOMESTIC
PRODUCT: CALCULATING ITS VALUE 102 CONTENTS VII 4.1 THE PRODUCT APPROACH
102 4.2 THE SPENDING APPROACH 104 4.3 THE INCOME APPROACH 106 5 GROWTH,
PRICE CHANGES, AND REAL GDP 108 5.1 CALCULATING GDP GROWTH RATES 108 5.2
NOMINAL VS. REAL GDP 108 5.3 CALCULATING REAL GDP 110 5.4 PRICE INDEXES
AND INFLATION RATES 111 5.5 GROWTH AND GROWTH RATES 113 6 SAVINGS,
INVESTMENT, AND TRADE 115 6.1 THE RELATIONSHIP OF SAVINGS, INVESTMENT,
AND TRADE 115 6.2 FINANCING SPENDING 116 6.3 NET DOMESTIC PRODUCTION AND
SAVING - 117 7 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN THE TRADITIONAL MACROECONOMIC
MODEL 118 APPENDIX: CHAINED-DOLLAR REAL GDP . 123 CHAPTER 6
MACROECONOMIC MEASUREMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS 125 1 NEW
UNDERSTANDINGS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY 125 2 ACCOUNTING FOR THE
ENVIRONMENT 126 2.1 PHYSICAL ACCOUNTS 127 2.2 NATURAL ASSETS AND THE
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS 129 2.3 NATIONAL ACCOUNTS AND WHAT NATURE PRODUCES 130
2.4 THE PROBLEM OF VALUATION 131 2.5 MAKING CHANGES: SATELLITE ACCOUNTS
133 3 MEASURING HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION 134 3.1 THE HISTORY OF EXCLUSION
134 3.2 TIME USE SURVEYS 137 3.3 METHODS OF VALUING HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION
138 3.4 MAKING CHANGES 139 4 MEASURING ECONOMIC WELL-BEING 140 4.1 DOES
OUTPUT MEASURE WELL-BEING? . 140 4.2 EXAMPLE: THE GENUINE PROGRESS
INDICATOR 141 4.3 EXAMPLE: THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX 143 4.4 THE
FUTURE OF MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS 145 CHAPTER 7 EMPLOYMENT AND
UNEMPLOYMENT 149 1 MEASURING EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT 149 1.1 WHO IS
EMPLOYED ? 150 1.2 MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT 150 1.3 HOW PEOPLE ENTER AND
EXIT UNEMPLOYMENT 152 1.4 DISCOURAGED WORKERS AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT 153 2
TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT 154 2.1 FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT 155 2.2 STRUCTURAL
UNEMPLOYMENT 155 2.3 CYCLICAL UNEMPLOYMENT 156 3 THEORIES OF
UNEMPLOYMENT 158 3.1 THE CLASSICAL THEORY OF UNEMPLOYMENT 158 3.2
IMPERFECT LABOR MARKETS 159 3.3 UNEMPLOYMENT AND AGGREGATE DEMAND 161
3.4 IS THERE A NATURAL RATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT? 162 VIII CONTENTS 4
EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND WELL-BEING 165 4.1 THE CHANGING LABOR
FORCE 165 4.2 THE CHANGING NATURE OF WORK 166 4.3 CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
168 CHAPTER 8 THE STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED STATES ECONOMY 171 1 THE THREE
MAJOR PRODUCTIVE SECTORS IN AN ECONOMY 171 2 NATURAL RESOURCES: THE
PRIMARY SECTOR 175 2.1 THE FOOD SYSTEM 175 2.2 THE ENERGY SYSTEM 177 2.3
OTHER PRIMARY INDUSTRIES 179 3 THE PRODUCTION OF GOODS: THE SECONDARY
SECTOR 180 3.1 CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING 180 3.2 MANUFACTURING 182 3.3
WHERE HAVE ALL THE MANUFACTURING JOBS GONE? 184 4 PRODUCTION OF
SERVICES: THE TERTIARY SECTOR 188 4.1 HUMAN SERVICES 188 4.2 FINANCIAL
AND INSURANCE SERVICES 190 4.3 RETAIL SERVICES 192 4.4 CONCLUDING
THOUGHTS 194 APPENDIX: THE TERTIARY SECTOR IN THE OVERALL MACRO CONTEXT
196 PART THREE MACROECONOMIC THEORY AND POLICY CHAPTER 9 AGGREGATE
DEMAND AND ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS 203 1 THE BUSINESS CYCLE 203 1.1 WHAT
HAPPENS DURING THE BUSINESS CYCLE 203 1.2 A STYLIZED BUSINESS CYCLE 205
1.3 THE DOWNTURN SIDE OF THE STORY 207 2 MACROECONOMIC MODELING AND
AGGREGATE DEMAND 208 2.1 SIMPLIFYING ASSUMPTIONS 208 2.2 OUTPUT, INCOME,
AND AGGREGATE DEMAND 209 2.3 THE PROBLEM OF LEAKAGES 210 2.4 THE
CLASSICAL SOLUTION TO LEAKAGES 212 3 THE KEYNESIAN MODEL 215 3.1
CONSUMPTION 215 3.2 INVESTMENT 219 3.3 THE AGGREGATE DEMAND SCHEDULE
220 3.4 THE POSSIBILITY OF UNINTENDED INVESTMENT 221 3.5 MOVEMENT TO
EQUILIBRIUM IN THE KEYNESIAN MODEL 224 3.6 THE PROBLEM OF PERSISTENT
UNEMPLOYMENT 224 3.7 THE MULTIPLIER 225 4 CONCLUDING THOUGHTS 228
APPENDIX: AN ALGEBRAIC APPROACH TO THE MULTIPLIER 232 CHAPTER 10 FISCAL
POLICY 234 1 THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT SPENDING AND TAXES 234 1.1 A CHANGE
IN GOVERNMENT SPENDING 234 1.2 TAXES AND TRANSFER PAYMENTS 236 1.3
EXPANSIONARY AND CONTRACTIONARY FISCAL POLICY 239 2 BUDGETS, DEFICITS,
AND POLICY ISSUES 240 CONTENTS IX 2.1 THE GOVERNMENT BUDGET: SURPLUS AND
DEFICIT 241 2.2 AUTOMATIC STABILIZERS 244 2.3 DISCRETIONARY POLICY 246
2.4 BALANCED BUDGETS AND DEFICIT SPENDING 249 3 THE INTERNATIONAL SECTOR
250 3.1 EXPORTS AND IMPORTS 250 3.2 A COMPLETE MACROECONOMIC MODEL WITH
TRADE 251 APPENDIX: MORE ALGEBRAIC APPROACHES TO THE MULTIPLIER 254
CHAPTER 11 MONEY AND MONETARY POLICY 258 1 WHY MONEY? 258 1.1 MONEY AND
AGGREGATE DEMAND 25 8 1.2 RUNNING THE PRINTING PRESS 259 1.3 DEFLATION
AND FINANCIAL CRISES 260 2 WHAT IS MONEY? 261 2.1 THE ROLES OF MONEY 261
2.2 TYPES OF MONEY 262 2.3 MEASURES OF MONEY 263 3 THE BANKING SYSTEM
264 3.1 PRIVATE BANKS 264 3.2 THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 266 3.3 THE
CREATION OF MONEY AND CREDIT 267 3.4 OTHER MONETARY POLICY TOOLS 269 4
THE THEORY OF MONEY, INTEREST RATES, AND AGGREGATE DEMAND 271 4.1 THE
FEDERAL FUNDS RATE AND OTHER INTEREST RATES 271 4.2 INTEREST RATES AND
INVESTMENT 273 4.3 MONETARY POLICY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND 275 4.4 THE FED
AND INVESTMENT, 2000-2007 276 5 THE THEORY OF MONEY, PRICES, AND
INFLATION 278 5.1 THE QUANTITY EQUATION 278 5.2 CLASSICAL MONETARY
THEORY 280 5.3 MONETARISM 280 5.4 MONEY AND HYPERINFLATION 281 5.5
IMPORTING INFLATION 282 6 COMPLICATIONS AND POLICY CONTROVERSIES 282 6.1
THE FED S DILEMMA 282 6.2 RULES VERSUS ACTIVISM 283 APPENDIX: MORE
MODELS AND ISSUES OF MONETARY POLICY 287 CHAPTER 12 AGGREGATE SUPPLY,
AGGREGATE DEMAND, AND INFLATION: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 294 1 INFLATION
AND AGGREGATE DEMAND EQUILIBRIUM 294 1.1 DERIVING THE AGGREGATE DEMAND
EQUILIBRIUM CURVE 295 1.2 SHIFTS OF THE ADE CURVE: SPENDING 297 1.3
SHIFTS OF THE ADE CURVE: FED INTEREST RATE TARGETS 297 2 CAPACITY AND
THE AGGREGATE SUPPLY RESPONSE 299 2.1 THE AGGREGATE SUPPLY RESPONSE
CURVE 299 2.2 SHIFTS OF THE ASR CURVE: INFLATIONARY EXPECTATIONS 301 2.3
SHIFTS OF THE ASR CURVE: SUPPLY SHOCKS 302 3 PUTTING THE ASR/ADE MODEL
TO WORK 304 X CONTENTS 3.1 AN ECONOMY IN RECESSION 304 3.2 AN OVERHEATED
ECONOMY 305 3.3 STAGFLATION 306 3.4 THE OIL PRICE SHOCK 308 3.5 A HARD
LINE AGAINST INFLATION 310 3.6 TECHNOLOGY AND GLOBALIZATION 311 4
COMPETING THEORIES 314 4.1 CLASSICAL ECONOMICS 314 4.2 KEYNESIAN
MACROECONOMICS 315 5 ARE STABILIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN CONFLICT?
316 5.1 EXAMINING GOALS AND ASSUMPTIONS 317 5.2 WHAT DO WE REALLY WANT
FROM EMPLOYMENT? 317 5.3 WHAT DO WE REALLY WANT FROM PRODUCTION? 318 5.4
POLICIES FOR STABILIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY 319 APPENDIX: MORE SCHOOLS
OF MACROECONOMICS 323 PART FOUR MACROECONOMIC ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 13 THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 329 1 MACROECONOMICS IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT
329 1.1 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS 329 1.2 MAJOR POLICY TOOLS 330 1.3 PATTERNS
OF TRADE AND FINANCE 332 1.4 CONTROVERSIES ABOUT TRADE AND FINANCE 334 2
THE CASE FOR FREE TRADE 334 2.1 THE RICARDIAN MODEL 334 2.2 OTHER
ARGUMENTS FOR FREE TRADE 338 2.3 INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS 338 3
WHY NATIONS OFTEN RESIST FREE TRADE 339 3.1 THE HEALTH OF NATIONS,
REGIONS, INDUSTRIES, AND JOBS 339 3.2 REVENUE 340 3.3 INDUSTRIAL POLICY
AS A STRATEGY FOR GROWTH 341 3.4 MILITARY AND FOOD SECURITY 342 3.5
DIVERSIFICATION IN AN UNPREDICTABLE WORLD 342 3.6 LABOR, ENVIRONMENTAL,
AND SAFETY STANDARDS 343 3.7 WHEN IS LIMITING TRADE UNFAIR ? 344 4
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE 345 4.1 PURCHASING POWER PARITY 345 4.2 FOREIGN
EXCHANGE MARKETS 347 4.3 FINANCIAL FLOWS AND THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS 348
4.4 MONETARY POLICY IN AN OPEN ECONOMY , , 351 4.5 MANAGED VERSUS
FLEXIBLE FOREIGN EXCHANGE 352 4.6 INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
354 CHAPTER 14 HOW ECONOMIES GROW AND DEVELOP 361 1 THE STANDARD THEORY
OF ECONOMIC GROWTH . 361 1.1 DEFINING ECONOMIC GROWTH 361 1.2 MODELING
ECONOMIC GROWTH 362 2 PATTERNS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 365 2.1 THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, 365 CONTENTS XI 2.2 GLOBAL ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE
TWENTIETH CENTURY 366 2.3 GROWTH IN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES 366 2.4
GLOBAL GROWTH AND INEQUALITY 369 2.5 CURRENT PATTERNS OF GROWTH 372 3
WHAT EXPLAINS THE VARIETY IN GROWTH EXPERIENCES? 373 3.1 SAVINGS AND
INVESTMENT 373 3.2 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 375 3.3
MACROECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE 376 3.4 NATURAL RESOURCES 376 3.5 FOREIGN
CAPITAL 377 3.6 FINANCIAL, LEGAL, AND REGULATORY INSTITUTIONS 378 4
DEVELOPMENT POLICIES 379 4.1 INTERNATIONAL AID 379 4.2 STRUCTURAL
REFORMS 380 4.3 CURRENT CONTROVERSIES 381 5 CONCLUSION: ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT IN PERSPECTIVE 382 CHAPTER 15 MACROECONOMIC CHALLENGES FOR
THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY 385 1 MACROECONOMIC GOALS: LOOKING FORWARD 385
2 MACROECONOMICS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 386 2.1 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT DEFINED
386 2.2 THE RELATIONSHIP OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
388 2.3 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT WHEN THERE IS ALREADY ENOUGH 388 2.4 HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND POLICIES 390 2.5 WHITHER HUMAN DEVELOPMENT? 391 3
MACROECONOMICS AND ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY 392 3.1 MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES 393 3.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE
ENVIRONMENT 395 3.3 POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 398 3.4
SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSUMPTION 400 3.5 SUSTAINABILITY AND INVESTMENT 401
4 CONCLUDING THOUGHTS 402 APPENDIX: DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES 407 GLOSSARY
416 INDEX 429
|
adam_txt |
CONTENTS PREFACE XIII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIX SAMPLE COURSE OUTLINES XXI
PART ONE THE CONTEXT FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS CHAPTER 1 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
IN CONTEXT , 3 1 WHAT IS MACROECONOMICS ABOUT? 3 2 MACROECONOMIC GOALS 6
2.1 LIVING STANDARDS 6 2.2 STABILITY AND SECURITY 10 2.3 SUSTAINABILITY
11 3 MACROECONOMICS IN CONTEXT 14 3.1 THE CLASSICAL PERIOD 14 3.2 THE
GREAT DEPRESSION, KEYNES, AND MONETARISM 15 3.3 SYNTHESIZING CLASSICAL
AND KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS 17 3.4 SUBSEQUENT CHALLENGES 18 3.5
MACROECONOMICS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY 1 8 CHAPTER 2 USEFUL TOOLS
AND CONCEPTS 22 1 OUR TOOLS FOR UNDERSTANDING 22 1.1 EMPIRICAL
INVESTIGATION 22 1.2 THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION 26 1.3 HISTORICAL
INVESTIGATION 27 2 ECONOMIC TRADEOFFS 28 2.1 ABUNDANCE AND SCARCITY 28
2.2 SOCIETY'S PRODUCTION-POSSIBILITIES FRONTIER 29 2.3 TRADEOFFS OVER
TIME * 31 3 THE ROLE OF MARKETS 34 3.1 THE MEANING OF MARKETS 34 3.2 THE
BASIC NEOCLASSICAL MODEL 36 3.3 THE ADVANTAGES OF MARKETS 37 3.4 THE
INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF MARKETS 38 3.5 THE LIMITATIONS OF MARKETS
40 CHAPTER 3 WHAT ECONOMIES DO 47 1 INTRODUCING THE FOUR ESSENTIAL
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 47 1.1 RESOURCE MAINTENANCE 47 1.2 PRODUCTION 48 VI
CONTENTS 1.3 DISTRIBUTION 49 1.4 CONSUMPTION 50 2 RESOURCE MAINTENANCE:
ATTENDING TO THE ASSET BASE OF THE MACROECONOMY 52 2.1 STOCKS VERSUS
FLOWS 52 2.2 INVESTMENT AND DEPRECIATION 52 2.3. RENEWABLE RESOURCES,
NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES, AND SUSTAINABILITY 54 3 DISTRIBUTION: WHO GETS
WHAT, AND HOW? 55 3.1 LABOR AND CAPITAL INCOMES 55 3.2 TRANSFERS AND
TAXES . 56 3.3 THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME 58 3.4 MEASURING INEQUALITY 58
3.5 INCOME INEQUALITY OVER TIME 61 3.6 WEALTH INEQUALITY 62 4 THE THREE
SPHERES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 63 4.1 THE CORE SPHERE 63 4.2 THE
PUBLIC-PURPOSE SPHERE 65 4.3 THE BUSINESS SPHERE 67 4.4 A COMPARATIVE
NOTE: LESS INDUSTRIALIZED ECONOMIES 68 CHAPTER 4 SUPPLY AND DEMAND 72 1
MARKETS AND MACROECONOMICS 72 1.1 CLASSICALS AND KEYNESIANS 72 1.2 A
PARTICULAR KIND OF MARKET 73 2 THE THEORY OF SUPPLY 74 2.1 THE SUPPLY
SCHEDULE AND CURVE 74 2.2 CHANGES IN SUPPLY 75 3 THE THEORY OF DEMAND 77
3.1 THE DEMAND SCHEDULE AND CURVE 77 3.2 CHANGES IN DEMAND 78 4 THE
THEORY OF MARKET ADJUSTMENT 80 4.1 SURPLUS, SHORTAGE, AND EQUILIBRIUM 80
4.2 SHIFTS IN SUPPLY AND DEMAND 81 4.3 ELASTICITIES 83 5 MACROECONOMICS
AND THE DYNAMICS OF REAL-WORLD MARKETS 85 5.1 WHEN PRICE ADJUSTMENTS ARE
SLOW 85 5.2 WHEN PRICES SWING TOO MUCH 86 5.3 FROM MICROECONOMICS TO
MACROECONOMICS? 88 PART TWO MACROECONOMIC BASICS CHAPTER 5 MACROECONOMIC
MEASUREMENT: THE CURRENT APPROACH 95 1 MEASURING A COUNTRY'S AGGREGATE
BEHAVIOR 95 2 THE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS AND THEIR CONVENTIONS 96 2.1
CONVENTIONS ABOUT SECTORS 97 2.2 CONVENTIONS ABOUT CAPITAL STOCKS 97 2.3
CONVENTIONS ABOUT INVESTMENT 98 3 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: WHAT IT
REPRESENTS 100 3.1 THE DEFINITION OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 100 3.2 THE
THREE APPROACHES TO MEASURING GDP: AN INTRODUCTION 101 4 GROSS DOMESTIC
PRODUCT: CALCULATING ITS VALUE 102 CONTENTS VII 4.1 THE PRODUCT APPROACH
102 4.2 THE SPENDING APPROACH 104 4.3 THE INCOME APPROACH 106 5 GROWTH,
PRICE CHANGES, AND REAL GDP 108 5.1 CALCULATING GDP GROWTH RATES 108 5.2
NOMINAL VS. REAL GDP 108 5.3 CALCULATING REAL GDP 110 5.4 PRICE INDEXES
AND INFLATION RATES 111 5.5 GROWTH AND GROWTH RATES 113 6 SAVINGS,
INVESTMENT, AND TRADE 115 6.1 THE RELATIONSHIP OF SAVINGS, INVESTMENT,
AND TRADE 115 6.2 FINANCING SPENDING 116 6.3 NET DOMESTIC PRODUCTION AND
SAVING - 117 7 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN THE TRADITIONAL MACROECONOMIC
MODEL 118 APPENDIX: CHAINED-DOLLAR REAL GDP . 123 CHAPTER 6
MACROECONOMIC MEASUREMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS 125 1 NEW
UNDERSTANDINGS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY 125 2 ACCOUNTING FOR THE
ENVIRONMENT 126 2.1 PHYSICAL ACCOUNTS 127 2.2 NATURAL ASSETS AND THE
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS 129 2.3 NATIONAL ACCOUNTS AND WHAT NATURE PRODUCES 130
2.4 THE PROBLEM OF VALUATION 131 2.5 MAKING CHANGES: SATELLITE ACCOUNTS
133 3 MEASURING HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION 134 3.1 THE HISTORY OF EXCLUSION
134 3.2 TIME USE SURVEYS 137 3.3 METHODS OF VALUING HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION
138 3.4 MAKING CHANGES 139 4 MEASURING ECONOMIC WELL-BEING 140 4.1 DOES
OUTPUT MEASURE WELL-BEING? . 140 4.2 EXAMPLE: THE GENUINE PROGRESS
INDICATOR 141 4.3 EXAMPLE: THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX 143 4.4 THE
FUTURE OF MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS 145 CHAPTER 7 EMPLOYMENT AND
UNEMPLOYMENT 149 1 MEASURING EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT 149 1.1 WHO IS
"EMPLOYED"? 150 1.2 MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT 150 1.3 HOW PEOPLE ENTER AND
EXIT UNEMPLOYMENT 152 1.4 DISCOURAGED WORKERS AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT 153 2
TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT 154 2.1 FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT 155 2.2 STRUCTURAL
UNEMPLOYMENT 155 2.3 CYCLICAL UNEMPLOYMENT 156 3 THEORIES OF
UNEMPLOYMENT 158 3.1 THE CLASSICAL THEORY OF UNEMPLOYMENT 158 3.2
IMPERFECT LABOR MARKETS 159 3.3 UNEMPLOYMENT AND AGGREGATE DEMAND 161
3.4 IS THERE A "NATURAL" RATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT? 162 VIII CONTENTS 4
EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND WELL-BEING 165 4.1 THE CHANGING LABOR
FORCE 165 4.2 THE CHANGING NATURE OF WORK 166 4.3 CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
168 CHAPTER 8 THE STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED STATES ECONOMY 171 1 THE THREE
MAJOR PRODUCTIVE SECTORS IN AN ECONOMY 171 2 NATURAL RESOURCES: THE
PRIMARY SECTOR 175 2.1 THE FOOD SYSTEM 175 2.2 THE ENERGY SYSTEM 177 2.3
OTHER PRIMARY INDUSTRIES 179 3 THE PRODUCTION OF GOODS: THE SECONDARY
SECTOR 180 3.1 CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING 180 3.2 MANUFACTURING 182 3.3
WHERE HAVE ALL THE MANUFACTURING JOBS GONE? 184 4 PRODUCTION OF
SERVICES: THE TERTIARY SECTOR 188 4.1 HUMAN SERVICES 188 4.2 FINANCIAL
AND INSURANCE SERVICES 190 4.3 RETAIL SERVICES 192 4.4 CONCLUDING
THOUGHTS 194 APPENDIX: THE TERTIARY SECTOR IN THE OVERALL MACRO CONTEXT
196 PART THREE MACROECONOMIC THEORY AND POLICY CHAPTER 9 AGGREGATE
DEMAND AND ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS 203 1 THE BUSINESS CYCLE 203 1.1 WHAT
HAPPENS DURING THE BUSINESS CYCLE 203 1.2 A STYLIZED BUSINESS CYCLE 205
1.3 THE DOWNTURN SIDE OF THE STORY 207 2 MACROECONOMIC MODELING AND
AGGREGATE DEMAND 208 2.1 SIMPLIFYING ASSUMPTIONS 208 2.2 OUTPUT, INCOME,
AND AGGREGATE DEMAND 209 2.3 THE PROBLEM OF LEAKAGES 210 2.4 THE
CLASSICAL SOLUTION TO LEAKAGES 212 3 THE KEYNESIAN MODEL 215 3.1
CONSUMPTION 215 3.2 INVESTMENT ' 219 3.3 THE AGGREGATE DEMAND SCHEDULE
220 3.4 THE POSSIBILITY OF UNINTENDED INVESTMENT 221 3.5 MOVEMENT TO
EQUILIBRIUM IN THE KEYNESIAN MODEL 224 3.6 THE PROBLEM OF PERSISTENT
UNEMPLOYMENT 224 3.7 THE MULTIPLIER 225 4 CONCLUDING THOUGHTS 228
APPENDIX: AN ALGEBRAIC APPROACH TO THE MULTIPLIER 232 CHAPTER 10 FISCAL
POLICY 234 1 THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT SPENDING AND TAXES 234 1.1 A CHANGE
IN GOVERNMENT SPENDING 234 1.2 TAXES AND TRANSFER PAYMENTS 236 1.3
EXPANSIONARY AND CONTRACTIONARY FISCAL POLICY 239 2 BUDGETS, DEFICITS,
AND POLICY ISSUES 240 CONTENTS IX 2.1 THE GOVERNMENT BUDGET: SURPLUS AND
DEFICIT 241 2.2 AUTOMATIC STABILIZERS 244 2.3 DISCRETIONARY POLICY 246
2.4 BALANCED BUDGETS AND DEFICIT SPENDING 249 3 THE INTERNATIONAL SECTOR
250 3.1 EXPORTS AND IMPORTS 250 3.2 A COMPLETE MACROECONOMIC MODEL WITH
TRADE 251 APPENDIX: MORE ALGEBRAIC APPROACHES TO THE MULTIPLIER 254
CHAPTER 11 MONEY AND MONETARY POLICY 258 1 WHY MONEY? 258 1.1 MONEY AND
AGGREGATE DEMAND 25 8 1.2 "RUNNING THE PRINTING PRESS" 259 1.3 DEFLATION
AND FINANCIAL CRISES 260 2 WHAT IS MONEY? 261 2.1 THE ROLES OF MONEY 261
2.2 TYPES OF MONEY 262 2.3 MEASURES OF MONEY 263 3 THE BANKING SYSTEM
264 3.1 PRIVATE BANKS 264 3.2 THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 266 3.3 THE
CREATION OF MONEY AND CREDIT 267 3.4 OTHER MONETARY POLICY TOOLS 269 4
THE THEORY OF MONEY, INTEREST RATES, AND AGGREGATE DEMAND 271 4.1 THE
FEDERAL FUNDS RATE AND OTHER INTEREST RATES 271 4.2 INTEREST RATES AND
INVESTMENT 273 4.3 MONETARY POLICY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND 275 4.4 THE FED
AND INVESTMENT, 2000-2007 276 5 THE THEORY OF MONEY, PRICES, AND
INFLATION 278 5.1 THE QUANTITY EQUATION 278 5.2 CLASSICAL MONETARY
THEORY 280 5.3 MONETARISM 280 5.4 MONEY AND HYPERINFLATION 281 5.5
IMPORTING INFLATION 282 6 COMPLICATIONS AND POLICY CONTROVERSIES 282 6.1
THE FED'S DILEMMA 282 6.2 RULES VERSUS ACTIVISM 283 APPENDIX: MORE
MODELS AND ISSUES OF MONETARY POLICY 287 CHAPTER 12 AGGREGATE SUPPLY,
AGGREGATE DEMAND, AND INFLATION: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 294 1 INFLATION
AND AGGREGATE DEMAND EQUILIBRIUM 294 1.1 DERIVING THE AGGREGATE DEMAND
EQUILIBRIUM CURVE 295 1.2 SHIFTS OF THE ADE CURVE: SPENDING 297 1.3
SHIFTS OF THE ADE CURVE: FED INTEREST RATE TARGETS 297 2 CAPACITY AND
THE AGGREGATE SUPPLY RESPONSE 299 2.1 THE AGGREGATE SUPPLY RESPONSE
CURVE 299 2.2 SHIFTS OF THE ASR CURVE: INFLATIONARY EXPECTATIONS 301 2.3
SHIFTS OF THE ASR CURVE: SUPPLY SHOCKS 302 3 PUTTING THE ASR/ADE MODEL
TO WORK 304 X CONTENTS 3.1 AN ECONOMY IN RECESSION 304 3.2 AN OVERHEATED
ECONOMY 305 3.3 STAGFLATION 306 3.4 THE OIL PRICE SHOCK 308 3.5 A HARD
LINE AGAINST INFLATION 310 3.6 TECHNOLOGY AND GLOBALIZATION 311 4
COMPETING THEORIES 314 4.1 CLASSICAL ECONOMICS 314 4.2 KEYNESIAN
MACROECONOMICS 315 5 ARE STABILIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN CONFLICT?
316 5.1 EXAMINING GOALS AND ASSUMPTIONS 317 5.2 WHAT DO WE REALLY WANT
FROM EMPLOYMENT? 317 5.3 WHAT DO WE REALLY WANT FROM PRODUCTION? 318 5.4
POLICIES FOR STABILIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY 319 APPENDIX: MORE SCHOOLS
OF MACROECONOMICS 323 PART FOUR MACROECONOMIC ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 13 THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 329 1 MACROECONOMICS IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT
329 1.1 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS 329 1.2 MAJOR POLICY TOOLS 330 1.3 PATTERNS
OF TRADE AND FINANCE 332 1.4 CONTROVERSIES ABOUT TRADE AND FINANCE 334 2
THE CASE FOR "FREE TRADE" 334 2.1 THE RICARDIAN MODEL 334 2.2 OTHER
ARGUMENTS FOR FREE TRADE 338 2.3 INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS 338 3
WHY NATIONS OFTEN RESIST "FREE TRADE" 339 3.1 THE HEALTH OF NATIONS,
REGIONS, INDUSTRIES, AND JOBS 339 3.2 REVENUE 340 3.3 INDUSTRIAL POLICY
AS A STRATEGY FOR GROWTH 341 3.4 MILITARY AND FOOD SECURITY 342 3.5
DIVERSIFICATION IN AN UNPREDICTABLE WORLD 342 3.6 LABOR, ENVIRONMENTAL,
AND SAFETY STANDARDS 343 3.7 WHEN IS LIMITING TRADE "UNFAIR"? 344 4
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE 345 4.1 PURCHASING POWER PARITY 345 4.2 FOREIGN
EXCHANGE MARKETS 347 4.3 FINANCIAL FLOWS AND THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS 348
4.4 MONETARY POLICY IN AN OPEN ECONOMY , , 351 4.5 MANAGED VERSUS
FLEXIBLE FOREIGN EXCHANGE 352 4.6 INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
354 CHAPTER 14 HOW ECONOMIES GROW AND DEVELOP 361 1 THE STANDARD THEORY
OF ECONOMIC GROWTH . 361 1.1 DEFINING ECONOMIC GROWTH 361 1.2 MODELING
ECONOMIC GROWTH 362 2 PATTERNS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 365 2.1 THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, 365 CONTENTS XI 2.2 GLOBAL ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE
TWENTIETH CENTURY 366 2.3 GROWTH IN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES 366 2.4
GLOBAL GROWTH AND INEQUALITY 369 2.5 CURRENT PATTERNS OF GROWTH 372 3
WHAT EXPLAINS THE VARIETY IN GROWTH EXPERIENCES? 373 3.1 SAVINGS AND
INVESTMENT 373 3.2 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 375 3.3
MACROECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE 376 3.4 NATURAL RESOURCES 376 3.5 FOREIGN
CAPITAL 377 3.6 FINANCIAL, LEGAL, AND REGULATORY INSTITUTIONS 378 4
DEVELOPMENT POLICIES 379 4.1 INTERNATIONAL AID 379 4.2 STRUCTURAL
REFORMS 380 4.3 CURRENT CONTROVERSIES 381 5 CONCLUSION: ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT IN PERSPECTIVE 382 CHAPTER 15 MACROECONOMIC CHALLENGES FOR
THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY 385 1 MACROECONOMIC GOALS: LOOKING FORWARD 385
2 MACROECONOMICS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 386 2.1 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT DEFINED
386 2.2 THE RELATIONSHIP OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
388 2.3 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT WHEN THERE IS ALREADY "ENOUGH" 388 2.4 HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND POLICIES 390 2.5 WHITHER HUMAN DEVELOPMENT? 391 3
MACROECONOMICS AND ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY 392 3.1 MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES 393 3.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE
ENVIRONMENT 395 3.3 POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 398 3.4
SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSUMPTION 400 3.5 SUSTAINABILITY AND INVESTMENT 401
4 CONCLUDING THOUGHTS 402 APPENDIX: DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES 407 GLOSSARY
416 INDEX 429 |
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discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
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genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
id | DE-604.BV035164538 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-02T22:52:00Z |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:26:28Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780765622976 0765622971 |
language | English |
lccn | 2008004397 |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016971586 |
oclc_num | 196299100 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-703 DE-523 DE-2070s DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
owner_facet | DE-703 DE-523 DE-2070s DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
physical | XXIV, 437 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm |
publishDate | 2009 |
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spelling | Goodwin, Neva R. Verfasser aut Macroeconomics in context Neva Goodwin ; Julie A. Nelson ; Jonathan Harris ; with contributions by Brian Roach and James Devine Armonk, N.Y. Sharpe 2009 XXIV, 437 S. graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Macroeconomics Makroökonomie (DE-588)4037174-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Makroökonomie (DE-588)4037174-8 s DE-604 Nelson, Julie A. Verfasser aut Harris, Jonathan Verfasser aut SWBplus Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016971586&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Goodwin, Neva R. Nelson, Julie A. Harris, Jonathan Macroeconomics in context Macroeconomics Makroökonomie (DE-588)4037174-8 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4037174-8 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
title | Macroeconomics in context |
title_auth | Macroeconomics in context |
title_exact_search | Macroeconomics in context |
title_exact_search_txtP | Macroeconomics in context |
title_full | Macroeconomics in context Neva Goodwin ; Julie A. Nelson ; Jonathan Harris ; with contributions by Brian Roach and James Devine |
title_fullStr | Macroeconomics in context Neva Goodwin ; Julie A. Nelson ; Jonathan Harris ; with contributions by Brian Roach and James Devine |
title_full_unstemmed | Macroeconomics in context Neva Goodwin ; Julie A. Nelson ; Jonathan Harris ; with contributions by Brian Roach and James Devine |
title_short | Macroeconomics in context |
title_sort | macroeconomics in context |
topic | Macroeconomics Makroökonomie (DE-588)4037174-8 gnd |
topic_facet | Macroeconomics Makroökonomie Lehrbuch |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016971586&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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