Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej i współczesnej Białorusi 1939-2001:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Toruń
Europejskie Centrum Edukacyjne,
2007
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache. - Publikacja po raz pierwszy ukazała się pt. "Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na Białorusi 1989 - 2001" w 2004 i 2005 r. w Kielcach. |
| Beschreibung: | 441 s. il. 23 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788360738092 |
Internformat
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache. - Publikacja po raz pierwszy ukazała się pt. "Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na Białorusi 1989 - 2001" w 2004 i 2005 r. w Kielcach. | ||
| 502 | |a Teilw. zugl.: Lublin, Katolicki Uniw. Lubelski, Diss. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1816692224709099520 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Spis
tresei
Część I
HISTORIA
OD AUTORKI
. 7
WSTĘP
. 9
INTRODUCTION .
17
Rozdział I. Polacy na ziemiach północno-wschodnich
II
Rzeczypospolitej
w czasie
II
wojny światowej
. 25
Rozdział
П.
Szkolnictwo polskojęzyczne na ziemiach północno-wschodnich
II
Rzeczypospolitej, okupowanych przez ZSRS w latach
1939-1941. 35
Rozdział
ΠΙ.
Tajne nauczanie polskie w czasie okupacji niemieckiej
1941-1944 . !. 57
Rozdział
IV.
Szkolnictwo polskojęzyczne na Białorusi w latach
1944-1948 . 89
1.
Polacy na Białorusi w polityce władz sowieckich po
II
wojnie światowej
. 89
2.
Szkolnictwo polskojęzyczne i jego likwidacja
.103
WYKAZ SKRÓTÓW
.116
WYKAZ TABEL
.118
WYKAZ ANEKSÓW
.119
WYKAZ FOTOGRAFII
.121
ANEKSY
.122
FOTOGRAFIE
.150
APEL
.155
Część
II
WSPÓŁCZESNOŚĆ
Rozdział I. Początki oświaty polskiej na Białorusi w okresie „pierestrojki"
.159
1.
Rola Związku Polaków na Białorusi
.160
2.
Pierwsza faza oświaty polskiej
1988-1991 .168
Rozdział
II.
Status prawny polskiej mniejszości narodowej
w Republice Białoruś
.175
1.
Uregulowania międzynarodowe
.177
4
2.
Podstawy prawne szkolnictwa polskiego na Białorusi
.188
1)
Akty
büateralne
.189
2)
Prawodawstwo wewnętrzne
.193
Rozdział
Ш.
Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie w białoruskim systemie
oświatowym
.200
1.
Szkoła Średnia nr
36
z polskim językiem nauczania w Grodnie
.200
2.
Szkoła Średnia nr
8
z polskim językiem nauczania w Wołkowysku
.222
3.
Inne formy nauczania języka polskiego
-
ujęcie statystyczne
.228
Rozdział
IV.
Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie poza białoruskim systemem
oświatowym
.252
1.
Rola Polskiej Macierzy Szkolnej
.252
2.
Polska Szkoła Społeczna w Grodnie
.262
3.
Liceum Społeczne Polskiej Macierzy Szkolnej w Grodnie
.268
4.
Szkoły społeczne i oświata polska poza Grodnem
.273
5.
Republikańskie Kursy Przygotowawcze z języka polskiego
.294
6.
Polskie Uniwersytety Ludowe
-----.297
Rozdział
V.
Problemy w dziedzinie dydaktyki
.304
1.
Kadra nauczycielska
.304
2.
Programy nauczania i pomoce dydaktyczne
.311
Rozdział
VI.
Język polski na uczelniach białoruskich
.334
Rozdział
VII.
Współpraca z Macierzą i Polonią
.345
1.
Rola Stowarzyszenia „Wspólnota Polska"
.346
2.
Pomoc instytucji i organizacji polskich w kraju i na emigracji
.352
ZAKOŃCZENIE
.378
SUMMARY
.384
BIBLIOGRAFIA
.390
WYKAZ SKRÓTÓW
. 416
WYKAZ ANEKSÓW
.418
WYKAZ TABEL
.419
WYKAZ RYCIN
.421
WYKAZ FOTOGRAFII
.422
ANEKSY
.423
FOTOGRAFIE
.436
LISTY OD CZYTELNIKÓW
.440
SUMMARY
The outbreak of World War II initiated the dramatic fate of the Pol¬
ish population inn the north-eastern area of Poland. First, it was
under the Soviet occupation in the period from.
1939
to
1941,
then
under the German occupation between
1941-1944,
and finally since
1945
in BSSR. After the post war numerous changes in settlement in the forties
and in the fifties there were more than half million Poles estimated on the
basis of the census conducted in USSR. The reflection of their fate was
the history of their education and school system, from which they could or
could not take an advantage due to the political situation. For some years
starting with
1939
until the end of the eighties there were some forms of
the education and school system which was never of Polish character, but
only of the Polish language, however, unfriendly to the Polish culture and
identity. It was like that in the times of the German occupation created by
the PoHsh the secrete forms of education, which were of authentic Polish
character.
In
1948
the last schools teaching Polish were closed in Belorus for the
period of
40
years. The most numerous Polish minority of all existing in
the western republics was deprived not only from the national education
but also the language. It was separated from the homeland by the cordon,
which made it impossible to have any contacts. The situation in which
Poles were in Belorus after World War II differed completely from that in
Lithuania or even in the Ukraine. In the former they had approximately
100
schools with the Polish language tuition and Polish press. In the lat¬
ter there were two schools in Lvov. The situation of Poles in Belorus was
the result of the authorities' policy, aiming at the fast lost of the national
identity.
There were political changes in USSR initiated by
Michail
Gorbaczev
in the eighties (so called perestroika), and then the dissolution of this state
in
1991
created the possibilities to revive the Polish identity of the Poles
living in the previous republics. Its most serious and largest social range
was the revival of the Polish education in the Republic of Belorus. Its ori¬
gins dated back to
1988.
Summary
385
The most decisive part in the development of Polish education in the
Republic of Belorus was played by
Tadeusz
Gavin, the President of the
Związek Polaków,
as well as the general interest in the Polish language
on behalf of the local Polish leaders.
Polskie Stowarzyszenie Kulturalno-
-Oświatowe
named after Adam
Mickiewicz
founded in
1988
in Grodno
and transformed into
Związek Polaków
in Belorus in
1990
aimed at culti¬
vating Polish tradition in Belorus, mainly by teaching the mother tongue.
Despite the attempts to lose Polish cultural identity this type of education
was received with enthusiasm.
The turning point initiating the process of the Polish education and
school system revival was marked with the foundation of the two school
classes with, the Polish language and the arrival of Polish teachers in Grod¬
no in
1991/1992.
The social need for education of the Polish language was manifest¬
ed by the fact that in the first few years there were more than
310
Polish
language centres of different type. First of all it took place not only in the
largest Polish community, which is the Grodno administrative district but
also in all large Polish communities. It covered several thousand children
and adolescence. And in the winter and spring terms
1993/1994
in
310
schools in Belorus
14 600
pupils received the Polish language education
under the supervision of
377
teachers. The largest number of pupils i.e.
10 555
was in the Grodno administrative district, The second position was
taken by the
Brzeski
administrative district, where the mother tongue was
taught to
2 535
pupils. The third position was occupied by the
Minski
ad¬
ministrative district (together with Minsk) which had
1135
pupils. In the
Vitebsk district there were
280
learners. The smallest number,
i.e. 95
per¬
sons attended the Polish language classes in the Mohylev administrative
district. The number of the Polish language learners in Belorus increased
to
19 351
in the Belorus in the winter and spring terms
1997/1998.
Teach¬
ing the mother tongue took place in
325
schools under the supervision of
421
teachers. In the Grodno administrative district there were
12 835
per¬
sons, in the Minsk administrative district
2 707;
in the
Brzesko
administra¬
tive district
2583;
in the Vitebsk administrative district
1058;
in the Mo¬
hylev administrative district
152.
It was the first time in
иге
history of the
Polish education and schools in Belorus when
16
pupils had started the
Polish language education in the Homelsk administrative district.
The basic significance for the development of education and had
tihe
new legal status of Poles living in Belorus, which means the recognition of
the existence of Polish minority in this country. The result of the above was
386
Summary
the Agreement on Co-operation between the Polish Ministry of Education
and the Belorus Ministry of Education for the Period between
1989-1990
signed on February 1st,
1989,
and then the Treaty on Good Neighbour¬
hood, Friendly Relations and Co-operation signed in Warsaw on June 26th,
1992.
A few months later, on November 11th,
1992
the authorities of the
Republic of Belorus accepted the Act on Minorities in the Republic of Be¬
lorus, which created the conditions to preserve and develop the cultural
differences by establishing autonomous social and cultural organisations,
schools in the mother tongue, press and other institutions. Between June
14th, and
17й1,
1994
there was the Consulting School Committee for the Pol¬
ish
Minońty
in the Republic of Belorus and the Belorusian Minority in the
Republic of Poland established. The above documents have become the
legal basis for the existence and development of education and schools in
Belorus.
At the very beginning the process of revival of the Polish education and
school system faced huge problems due to a lack of curriculum, hand¬
books, teaching aids and appropriate premises as well as a lack of the
qualified staff. The assistance given by the Polish communities had a con¬
siderable significance in some cases. In the last ten years the most impor¬
tant role in the development of education for Poles in Belorus was the in¬
volvement and activities taken by the Polish Ministry of Education, the
Centre of Teachers' Training in Warsaw and the Association
„Wspólna
Polska".
The Polish education and schools in Belorus exist in two different
forms having various social significance. One of them functions in the Be¬
lorusian education system and is subject to the legal regulations. The other
functions outside the system. In the last case it enjoys autonomy.
The Polish education and schools in the Belorusian educational system
are organised and financed according to the existing legislation for the sec¬
ondary schools in the Republic of Belorus, take advantage from the cur¬
riculum prepared by the Belorusian Ministry of Education, continue the
teaching process with the application of the handbooks prepared and ap¬
proved of by the Ministry of Education in the Republic of Belorusia, as well
as the handbooks from Poland after the compulsory expertise and approv¬
al given by the Ministry of Education in the Republic of Belorusia in case
of the lack of the handbook in the mother tongue. In the framework of the
Belorus educational system the Polish language education is conducted in
the following institutions and forms:
Summary
387
-
in the schools and classes with the Polish language as a teaching lan¬
guage,
-
in the classes in which the Polish language is taught as a subject,
-
in the schools in which the Polish language is taught as an additional
subject in the form of facultative groups or circles,
-
in the Polish groups and centres in the kindergartens.
Teaching the Polish language has the largest range in the forms of fac¬
ultative groups and circles. In the winter and spring terms
1991/1992
out
of the total number of
10 190
persons learning the Polish language in Be-
lorus,
7 305
persons attended the facultative classes and circles. The least
number
i.e. 47
persons learned Polish as a teaching language in the class¬
es, the others participated in different forms. In the terms
1997/1998
out
of the total number of
17 106
persons learning Polish in Beloras,
11 328
persons attended the facultative classes and circles, whereas only
780
per¬
sons learned Polish as a teaching language in the classes, the others par¬
ticipated in different forms.
Outside the public system of education teaching Polish takes the form of
Sunday schools called the secondary social schools as well as in the forms
of one year or two year courses of Polish. In the Sunday schools teaching
Polish, culture and tradition is done according to the different age groups.
The Sunday schools function on the basis of the curriculum agreed on
with the local authorities managing the educational system, they may use
the curriculum prepared by the Ministry of Education in the Republic of
Beloras, individual curriculum, books published by the Ministry of Edu¬
cation in the Republic of Beloras as well as the books coming from Poland
provided that they have been approved of as adequate to be used by the
Ministry of Education in the Republic of Beloras. The State certificates of
graduation from the Sunday school are not issued. While being under the
supervision of
Związek Polaków
in Belorus the Sunday schools function
in the Polish Homes in Grodno,
Baranowicze, Lida,
Mohylev, Szczuczyn,
Nieśwież,
Braslav,
Nowogródek, Wolkowysk,
Minsk. Moreover, in Grodno
Związek Polaków
in Belorus runs the Polish Social School, and Secondary
Social School by
Polska Macierz.
The Polish Scientific Association organ¬
ises two year preparatory courses in the Polish language in Minsk for ado¬
lescence wishing to study in Poland.
The various forms of studying Polish exist in several Belorus universi¬
ties.
Katedra Języków Słowiańsldch
including the Polish Philology in the
National University named after
Janek
Kupala
in Grodno has been func¬
tioning since
1989.
There studied several hundred students. The number
388
Summary
of its graduates reaches approximately
100
persons. Other forms of teach¬
ing Polish exist at universities in
Mińsk, Brześć,
and
Witebsk.
They are of
special character, since they were founded on the basis of the commercial
and practical purposes, thus taking into account the
со
-operaüon
with Po¬
land.
At present there are two Polish schools in Belorus, one in Grodno since
1996
and the other in
Wołkowysk
since
1999.
Their foundations were
possible exclusively due to the attempts of the Polish party, which covered
the costs of building and equipment. The important part was played by
various help from Polish social institutions, as well as individuals wishing
to provide the assistance to the compatriots in the homeland. Such actions
have brought positive effects in the form of the definite number of pupils,
which is a measurable result of their activities, however, difficult to evalu¬
ate, but visible in the revival of national consciousness, considerably muf¬
fled by the totalitarian communistic system for many years.
According to the information submitted by
Związek Polaków
in Belorus
and Polish
Macierz Szkolna
in this country, the number of those learning
Polish amounts at approximately
22
thousand in Belorus. In
1991-2000
the education covered approximately
120
thousand persons.
The Polish schools are an important achievement of both Polish com¬
munities in Belorus and those in the homeland. They stimulate the con¬
nections with the homeland intellectually and emotionally in order to sus¬
tain the national traditions. They also contribute to preserve the national
identity of Poles. The existing folklore groups represent the elements of
Polish and Belorasian culture. In this way they become an important ele¬
ment of ethnical interaction.
The efficiency and attractiveness of Polish schools depend on the qual¬
ity of teachers, their professional qualifications, the ability to stimulate
and sustain the motivation to learn the Polish language in the Polish com¬
munities. Up to the present moment despite the devotion, generosity and
patriotism of the teachers the Polish education in Belorus faces difficult
problems in terms of quantity and qualification. There is a lack of school
libraries, handbooks, teaching aids, professional Polish press and audio¬
visual facilities. There is a need for the long term support from the home¬
land in those domain. The maintenance of the existing status quo will lead
to the decrease in attractiveness of Polish education in Belorus and finally
to regress.
This dissertation is the first scientific attempt to deal with the problem
of the Polish education and schools created for the Polish minority exceed-
Summary
389
ing several thousands in Belorus after
1989.
Definitely all these issues are
not completely presented in this dissertation, The important research to
carry out might be connected with the comparison of the Polish education
in Belorus with other educational forms of different minorities e.g. Lithu¬
anian, or Russian existing in this Republic. Due to the specific history of
the Polish minority in Belorus in the last sixty years the revival of the edu¬
cation in this country is an important phenomenon of national, psycholog¬
ical and cultural character. Thus, it
wñl
be the object of further scientific
investigation.
Translated by
dr EWA PIOTROWSKA-OBERDA |
| adam_txt |
Spis
tresei
Część I
HISTORIA
OD AUTORKI
. 7
WSTĘP
. 9
INTRODUCTION .
17
Rozdział I. Polacy na ziemiach północno-wschodnich
II
Rzeczypospolitej
w czasie
II
wojny światowej
. 25
Rozdział
П.
Szkolnictwo polskojęzyczne na ziemiach północno-wschodnich
II
Rzeczypospolitej, okupowanych przez ZSRS w latach
1939-1941. 35
Rozdział
ΠΙ.
Tajne nauczanie polskie w czasie okupacji niemieckiej
1941-1944 . !. 57
Rozdział
IV.
Szkolnictwo polskojęzyczne na Białorusi w latach
1944-1948 . 89
1.
Polacy na Białorusi w polityce władz sowieckich po
II
wojnie światowej
. 89
2.
Szkolnictwo polskojęzyczne i jego likwidacja
.103
WYKAZ SKRÓTÓW
.116
WYKAZ TABEL
.118
WYKAZ ANEKSÓW
.119
WYKAZ FOTOGRAFII
.121
ANEKSY
.122
FOTOGRAFIE
.150
APEL
.155
Część
II
WSPÓŁCZESNOŚĆ
Rozdział I. Początki oświaty polskiej na Białorusi w okresie „pierestrojki"
.159
1.
Rola Związku Polaków na Białorusi
.160
2.
Pierwsza faza oświaty polskiej
1988-1991 .168
Rozdział
II.
Status prawny polskiej mniejszości narodowej
w Republice Białoruś
.175
1.
Uregulowania międzynarodowe
.177
4
2.
Podstawy prawne szkolnictwa polskiego na Białorusi
.188
1)
Akty
büateralne
.189
2)
Prawodawstwo wewnętrzne
.193
Rozdział
Ш.
Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie w białoruskim systemie
oświatowym
.200
1.
Szkoła Średnia nr
36
z polskim językiem nauczania w Grodnie
.200
2.
Szkoła Średnia nr
8
z polskim językiem nauczania w Wołkowysku
.222
3.
Inne formy nauczania języka polskiego
-
ujęcie statystyczne
.228
Rozdział
IV.
Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie poza białoruskim systemem
oświatowym
.252
1.
Rola Polskiej Macierzy Szkolnej
.252
2.
Polska Szkoła Społeczna w Grodnie
.262
3.
Liceum Społeczne Polskiej Macierzy Szkolnej w Grodnie
.268
4.
Szkoły społeczne i oświata polska poza Grodnem
.273
5.
Republikańskie Kursy Przygotowawcze z języka polskiego
.294
6.
Polskie Uniwersytety Ludowe
-----.297
Rozdział
V.
Problemy w dziedzinie dydaktyki
.304
1.
Kadra nauczycielska
.304
2.
Programy nauczania i pomoce dydaktyczne
.311
Rozdział
VI.
Język polski na uczelniach białoruskich
.334
Rozdział
VII.
Współpraca z Macierzą i Polonią
.345
1.
Rola Stowarzyszenia „Wspólnota Polska"
.346
2.
Pomoc instytucji i organizacji polskich w kraju i na emigracji
.352
ZAKOŃCZENIE
.378
SUMMARY
.384
BIBLIOGRAFIA
.390
WYKAZ SKRÓTÓW
. 416
WYKAZ ANEKSÓW
.418
WYKAZ TABEL
.419
WYKAZ RYCIN
.421
WYKAZ FOTOGRAFII
.422
ANEKSY
.423
FOTOGRAFIE
.436
LISTY OD CZYTELNIKÓW
.440
SUMMARY
The outbreak of World War II initiated the dramatic fate of the Pol¬
ish population inn the north-eastern area of Poland. First, it was
under the Soviet occupation in the period from.
1939
to
1941,
then
under the German occupation between
1941-1944,
and finally since
1945
in BSSR. After the post war numerous changes in settlement in the forties
and in the fifties there were more than half million Poles estimated on the
basis of the census conducted in USSR. The reflection of their fate was
the history of their education and school system, from which they could or
could not take an advantage due to the political situation. For some years
starting with
1939
until the end of the eighties there were some forms of
the education and school system which was never of Polish character, but
only of the Polish language, however, unfriendly to the Polish culture and
identity. It was like that in the times of the German occupation created by
the PoHsh the secrete forms of education, which were of authentic Polish
character.
In
1948
the last schools teaching Polish were closed in Belorus for the
period of
40
years. The most numerous Polish minority of all existing in
the western republics was deprived not only from the national education
but also the language. It was separated from the homeland by the cordon,
which made it impossible to have any contacts. The situation in which
Poles were in Belorus after World War II differed completely from that in
Lithuania or even in the Ukraine. In the former they had approximately
100
schools with the Polish language tuition and Polish press. In the lat¬
ter there were two schools in Lvov. The situation of Poles in Belorus was
the result of the authorities' policy, aiming at the fast lost of the national
identity.
There were political changes in USSR initiated by
Michail
Gorbaczev
in the eighties (so called perestroika), and then the dissolution of this state
in
1991
created the possibilities to revive the Polish identity of the Poles
living in the previous republics. Its most serious and largest social range
was the revival of the Polish education in the Republic of Belorus. Its ori¬
gins dated back to
1988.
Summary
385
The most decisive part in the development of Polish education in the
Republic of Belorus was played by
Tadeusz
Gavin, the President of the
Związek Polaków,
as well as the general interest in the Polish language
on behalf of the local Polish leaders.
Polskie Stowarzyszenie Kulturalno-
-Oświatowe
named after Adam
Mickiewicz
founded in
1988
in Grodno
and transformed into
Związek Polaków
in Belorus in
1990
aimed at culti¬
vating Polish tradition in Belorus, mainly by teaching the mother tongue.
Despite the attempts to lose Polish cultural identity this type of education
was received with enthusiasm.
The turning point initiating the process of the Polish education and
school system revival was marked with the foundation of the two school
classes with, the Polish language and the arrival of Polish teachers in Grod¬
no in
1991/1992.
The social need for education of the Polish language was manifest¬
ed by the fact that in the first few years there were more than
310
Polish
language centres of different type. First of all it took place not only in the
largest Polish community, which is the Grodno administrative district but
also in all large Polish communities. It covered several thousand children
and adolescence. And in the winter and spring terms
1993/1994
in
310
schools in Belorus
14 600
pupils received the Polish language education
under the supervision of
377
teachers. The largest number of pupils i.e.
10 555
was in the Grodno administrative district, The second position was
taken by the
Brzeski
administrative district, where the mother tongue was
taught to
2 535
pupils. The third position was occupied by the
Minski
ad¬
ministrative district (together with Minsk) which had
1135
pupils. In the
Vitebsk district there were
280
learners. The smallest number,
i.e. 95
per¬
sons attended the Polish language classes in the Mohylev administrative
district. The number of the Polish language learners in Belorus increased
to
19 351
in the Belorus in the winter and spring terms
1997/1998.
Teach¬
ing the mother tongue took place in
325
schools under the supervision of
421
teachers. In the Grodno administrative district there were
12 835
per¬
sons, in the Minsk administrative district
2 707;
in the
Brzesko
administra¬
tive district
2583;
in the Vitebsk administrative district
1058;
in the Mo¬
hylev administrative district
152.
It was the first time in
иге
history of the
Polish education and schools in Belorus when
16
pupils had started the
Polish language education in the Homelsk administrative district.
The basic significance for the development of education and had
tihe
new legal status of Poles living in Belorus, which means the recognition of
the existence of Polish minority in this country. The result of the above was
386
Summary
the Agreement on Co-operation between the Polish Ministry of Education
and the Belorus Ministry of Education for the Period between
1989-1990
signed on February 1st,
1989,
and then the Treaty on Good Neighbour¬
hood, Friendly Relations and Co-operation signed in Warsaw on June 26th,
1992.
A few months later, on November 11th,
1992
the authorities of the
Republic of Belorus accepted the Act on Minorities in the Republic of Be¬
lorus, which created the conditions to preserve and develop the cultural
differences by establishing autonomous social and cultural organisations,
schools in the mother tongue, press and other institutions. Between June
14th, and
17й1,
1994
there was the Consulting School Committee for the Pol¬
ish
Minońty
in the Republic of Belorus and the Belorusian Minority in the
Republic of Poland established. The above documents have become the
legal basis for the existence and development of education and schools in
Belorus.
At the very beginning the process of revival of the Polish education and
school system faced huge problems due to a lack of curriculum, hand¬
books, teaching aids and appropriate premises as well as a lack of the
qualified staff. The assistance given by the Polish communities had a con¬
siderable significance in some cases. In the last ten years the most impor¬
tant role in the development of education for Poles in Belorus was the in¬
volvement and activities taken by the Polish Ministry of Education, the
Centre of Teachers' Training in Warsaw and the Association
„Wspólna
Polska".
The Polish education and schools in Belorus exist in two different
forms having various social significance. One of them functions in the Be¬
lorusian education system and is subject to the legal regulations. The other
functions outside the system. In the last case it enjoys autonomy.
The Polish education and schools in the Belorusian educational system
are organised and financed according to the existing legislation for the sec¬
ondary schools in the Republic of Belorus, take advantage from the cur¬
riculum prepared by the Belorusian Ministry of Education, continue the
teaching process with the application of the handbooks prepared and ap¬
proved of by the Ministry of Education in the Republic of Belorusia, as well
as the handbooks from Poland after the compulsory expertise and approv¬
al given by the Ministry of Education in the Republic of Belorusia in case
of the lack of the handbook in the mother tongue. In the framework of the
Belorus educational system the Polish language education is conducted in
the following institutions and forms:
Summary
387
-
in the schools and classes with the Polish language as a teaching lan¬
guage,
-
in the classes in which the Polish language is taught as a subject,
-
in the schools in which the Polish language is taught as an additional
subject in the form of facultative groups or circles,
-
in the Polish groups and centres in the kindergartens.
Teaching the Polish language has the largest range in the forms of fac¬
ultative groups and circles. In the winter and spring terms
1991/1992
out
of the total number of
10 190
persons learning the Polish language in Be-
lorus,
7 305
persons attended the facultative classes and circles. The least
number
i.e. 47
persons learned Polish as a teaching language in the class¬
es, the others participated in different forms. In the terms
1997/1998
out
of the total number of
17 106
persons learning Polish in Beloras,
11 328
persons attended the facultative classes and circles, whereas only
780
per¬
sons learned Polish as a teaching language in the classes, the others par¬
ticipated in different forms.
Outside the public system of education teaching Polish takes the form of
Sunday schools called the secondary social schools as well as in the forms
of one year or two year courses of Polish. In the Sunday schools teaching
Polish, culture and tradition is done according to the different age groups.
The Sunday schools function on the basis of the curriculum agreed on
with the local authorities managing the educational system, they may use
the curriculum prepared by the Ministry of Education in the Republic of
Beloras, individual curriculum, books published by the Ministry of Edu¬
cation in the Republic of Beloras as well as the books coming from Poland
provided that they have been approved of as adequate to be used by the
Ministry of Education in the Republic of Beloras. The State certificates of
graduation from the Sunday school are not issued. While being under the
supervision of
Związek Polaków
in Belorus the Sunday schools function
in the Polish Homes in Grodno,
Baranowicze, Lida,
Mohylev, Szczuczyn,
Nieśwież,
Braslav,
Nowogródek, Wolkowysk,
Minsk. Moreover, in Grodno
Związek Polaków
in Belorus runs the Polish Social School, and Secondary
Social School by
Polska Macierz.
The Polish Scientific Association organ¬
ises two year preparatory courses in the Polish language in Minsk for ado¬
lescence wishing to study in Poland.
The various forms of studying Polish exist in several Belorus universi¬
ties.
Katedra Języków Słowiańsldch
including the Polish Philology in the
National University named after
Janek
Kupala
in Grodno has been func¬
tioning since
1989.
There studied several hundred students. The number
388
Summary
of its graduates reaches approximately
100
persons. Other forms of teach¬
ing Polish exist at universities in
Mińsk, Brześć,
and
Witebsk.
They are of
special character, since they were founded on the basis of the commercial
and practical purposes, thus taking into account the
со
-operaüon
with Po¬
land.
At present there are two Polish schools in Belorus, one in Grodno since
1996
and the other in
Wołkowysk
since
1999.
Their foundations were
possible exclusively due to the attempts of the Polish party, which covered
the costs of building and equipment. The important part was played by
various help from Polish social institutions, as well as individuals wishing
to provide the assistance to the compatriots in the homeland. Such actions
have brought positive effects in the form of the definite number of pupils,
which is a measurable result of their activities, however, difficult to evalu¬
ate, but visible in the revival of national consciousness, considerably muf¬
fled by the totalitarian communistic system for many years.
According to the information submitted by
Związek Polaków
in Belorus
and Polish
Macierz Szkolna
in this country, the number of those learning
Polish amounts at approximately
22
thousand in Belorus. In
1991-2000
the education covered approximately
120
thousand persons.
The Polish schools are an important achievement of both Polish com¬
munities in Belorus and those in the homeland. They stimulate the con¬
nections with the homeland intellectually and emotionally in order to sus¬
tain the national traditions. They also contribute to preserve the national
identity of Poles. The existing folklore groups represent the elements of
Polish and Belorasian culture. In this way they become an important ele¬
ment of ethnical interaction.
The efficiency and attractiveness of Polish schools depend on the qual¬
ity of teachers, their professional qualifications, the ability to stimulate
and sustain the motivation to learn the Polish language in the Polish com¬
munities. Up to the present moment despite the devotion, generosity and
patriotism of the teachers the Polish education in Belorus faces difficult
problems in terms of quantity and qualification. There is a lack of school
libraries, handbooks, teaching aids, professional Polish press and audio¬
visual facilities. There is a need for the long term support from the home¬
land in those domain. The maintenance of the existing status quo will lead
to the decrease in attractiveness of Polish education in Belorus and finally
to regress.
This dissertation is the first scientific attempt to deal with the problem
of the Polish education and schools created for the Polish minority exceed-
Summary
389
ing several thousands in Belorus after
1989.
Definitely all these issues are
not completely presented in this dissertation, The important research to
carry out might be connected with the comparison of the Polish education
in Belorus with other educational forms of different minorities e.g. Lithu¬
anian, or Russian existing in this Republic. Due to the specific history of
the Polish minority in Belorus in the last sixty years the revival of the edu¬
cation in this country is an important phenomenon of national, psycholog¬
ical and cultural character. Thus, it
wñl
be the object of further scientific
investigation.
Translated by
dr EWA PIOTROWSKA-OBERDA |
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| author | Gre̢dzik-Radziak, Agnieszka |
| author_facet | Gre̢dzik-Radziak, Agnieszka |
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| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Polska Północno-Wschodnia - 1939-1945 (Okupacja niemiecka i sowiecka) jhpk Belarus (DE-588)4079143-9 gnd Polen Ost (DE-588)4441072-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polska Północno-Wschodnia - 1939-1945 (Okupacja niemiecka i sowiecka) Belarus Polen Ost |
| id | DE-604.BV035144014 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:28:12Z |
| indexdate | 2024-11-25T11:05:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788360738092 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016811358 |
| oclc_num | 297561127 |
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| physical | 441 s. il. 23 cm. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
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| publisher | Europejskie Centrum Edukacyjne, |
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| spelling | Gre̢dzik-Radziak, Agnieszka Verfasser aut Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej i współczesnej Białorusi 1939-2001 Agnieszka Grędzik-Radziak. Toruń Europejskie Centrum Edukacyjne, 2007 441 s. il. 23 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache. - Publikacja po raz pierwszy ukazała się pt. "Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na Białorusi 1989 - 2001" w 2004 i 2005 r. w Kielcach. Teilw. zugl.: Lublin, Katolicki Uniw. Lubelski, Diss. Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Edukacja - Białoruś - 1945- jhpk Szkoły polskie - Białoruś - 1945- jhpk Bildungswesen (DE-588)4006681-2 gnd rswk-swf Polska Północno-Wschodnia - 1939-1945 (Okupacja niemiecka i sowiecka) jhpk Belarus (DE-588)4079143-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen Ost (DE-588)4441072-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Polen Ost (DE-588)4441072-4 g Bildungswesen (DE-588)4006681-2 s Geschichte z DE-604 Belarus (DE-588)4079143-9 g Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016811358&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016811358&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Gre̢dzik-Radziak, Agnieszka Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej i współczesnej Białorusi 1939-2001 Edukacja - Białoruś - 1945- jhpk Szkoły polskie - Białoruś - 1945- jhpk Bildungswesen (DE-588)4006681-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4006681-2 (DE-588)4079143-9 (DE-588)4441072-4 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej i współczesnej Białorusi 1939-2001 |
| title_auth | Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej i współczesnej Białorusi 1939-2001 |
| title_exact_search | Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej i współczesnej Białorusi 1939-2001 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej i współczesnej Białorusi 1939-2001 |
| title_full | Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej i współczesnej Białorusi 1939-2001 Agnieszka Grędzik-Radziak. |
| title_fullStr | Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej i współczesnej Białorusi 1939-2001 Agnieszka Grędzik-Radziak. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej i współczesnej Białorusi 1939-2001 Agnieszka Grędzik-Radziak. |
| title_short | Oświata i szkolnictwo polskie na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej i współczesnej Białorusi 1939-2001 |
| title_sort | oswiata i szkolnictwo polskie na ziemiach polnocno wschodnich ii rzeczypospolitej i wspolczesnej bialorusi 1939 2001 |
| topic | Edukacja - Białoruś - 1945- jhpk Szkoły polskie - Białoruś - 1945- jhpk Bildungswesen (DE-588)4006681-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Edukacja - Białoruś - 1945- Szkoły polskie - Białoruś - 1945- Bildungswesen Polska Północno-Wschodnia - 1939-1945 (Okupacja niemiecka i sowiecka) Belarus Polen Ost Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016811358&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016811358&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gredzikradziakagnieszka oswiataiszkolnictwopolskienaziemiachpołnocnowschodnichiirzeczypospolitejiwspołczesnejbiałorusi19392001 |