Regulating competition in the EU:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Copenhagen
DJØF Publ.
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Aus dem Dän. übers. |
| Beschreibung: | 751 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788757416978 8757416974 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Regulating competition in the EU |c Bent Iversen ... |
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| 500 | |a Aus dem Dän. übers. | ||
| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a Europäische Union |0 (DE-588)5098525-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 7 | |a Deregulierung |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EU-Recht |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a EU-Staaten |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Fusionskontrolle |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Horizontale Konzentration |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Marktmacht |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Subvention |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Technologietransfer |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Vertikale Konzentration |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Wettbewerb |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Wettbewerbsaufsicht |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Wettbewerbspolitik |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Öffentliche Beschaffung |2 stw | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Antitrust law |z European Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Competition, Unfair |z European Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Restraint of trade |z European Union countries | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wettbewerbsrecht |0 (DE-588)4121924-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1820136052159938560 |
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| adam_text |
CONTENTS FOREWORD 17 CHAPTER L COMPETITION AND EU LAW 19 MICHAEL
STEINICKE 1. LAWS REGULATING MARKETS AND COMPETITION LAW 19 2. THE
STRUCTURE OF THE TREATY 21 2.1. RULES DIRECTED AT THE MEMBER STATES 21
2.2. RULES DIRECTED AT UNDERTAKINGS 23 2.3. GREY AREAS 23 3. THE
REGULATION OF COMPETITION IN THE INTEMAL MARKET 25 3.1. SECONDARY
REGULATION 25 3.2. OTHER SOURCES THAN REGULATION 26 4. SOURCES OF
INFORMATION 27 CHAPTER IL INTRODUCTION TO ARTICLE 81 29 KARSTEN ENGSIG
SOERENSEN 1. INTRODUCTION. 29 2. AGREEMENTS, DECISIONS AND CONCERTED
PRACTICES 30 2.1. AGREEMENTS , 31 2.2. DECISIONS BY ASSOCIATIONS 35 2.3.
CONCERTED PRACTICE 36 3. BETWEEN UNDERTAKINGS 39 3.1. THE DEFINITION OF
AN'UNDERTAKING' 39 3.2. THE EXERCISE OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY AND PUBLIC
UNDERTAKINGS 43 4. THE EFFECT ON TRADE IN THE EU 45 4.1. THE REQUIREMENT
FOR AN EFFECT ON TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES 45 4.2. THE INTERNATIONAL
EXTENTOF ARTICLE 81 47 5. RESTRICTION ON COMPETITION 48 5.1. WORKABLE
COMPETITION 49 5.2. 'WHICH HAVE AS THEIR OBJECT OR EFFECT.' 50 5.3.
THE COMMISSION'S DE MINIMIS NOTICE 51 5.4. RULEOFREASON 53 CONTENTS 5.5.
ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS 54 6. POSSIBLE EXEMPTIONS UNDER ARTICLE 81(3) 57
6.1. CHANGE TO THE NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE 57 6.2. INDIVIDUAL EXEMPTIONS
- THE FOUR CONDITIONS 58 6.3. BLOCK EXEMPTIONS 62 7. THE CONSEQUENCES OF
INFRINGEMENT 63 7.1. INVALIDITY 63 7.2. REMEDIES AND COMMITMENTS 65 7.3.
FINES AND COMPENSATION 65 CHAPTER III. DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS: VERTICAL
AGREEMENTS 67 BENT IVERSEN 1. INTRODUCTION 67 1.1., VERTICAL AGREEMENTS
70 1.2. BLOCK EXEMPTIONS 74 2. THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE RELEVANT SETS
OF RULES 78 3. THECONCEPTOFRESTRICTIONOFCOMPETITION 79 4. SPECIAL
AGREEMENTS. THE STATE OF THE LAW BEFORE AND AFTER REGULATION (EC) NO
2790/1999. THE PREVIOUS PRACTICE WASRETAINED 81 4.1. AGENCY AGREEMENTS
82 4.2. FRANCHISING 87 4.3. SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 91 4.3.1. QUALITATIVE
OR QUANTITATIVE SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 93 4.3.2. PARTICULAR
ASPECTS OF QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS 98 4.4.
COMMERCIAL/ECONOMICCONSIDERATIONS? 101 5. CRITICISM OF THE PRINCIPLES
THAT HAVE APPLIED HITHERTO. THE COMMISSION'S RESPONSE TO CRITICISM 102
5.1. GREEN PAPER ON VERTICAL RESTRAINTS IN EC COMPETITION POLICY 104
5.2. COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) NO 2790/1999 OF 22 DECEMBER 1999 105
5.3. AGREEMENTS FOR SPECIFICALLY STATED PURPOSES - THE REGULATION'S
HARD-CORE RESTRICTIONS 110 5.3.1. ARTICLE 4(A) - PRICE DISCRIMINATION
AND SELECTIVE PRICES 113 5.3.2. ARTICLE 4(B) OF REGULATION 2790/99 -
SALES RESTRICTIONS 117 5.4. NON-EXEMPT OBLIGATIONS 128 CONTENTS 5.5.
WITHDRAWAL OF AN EXEMPTION 131 5.5.1. ARTICLE 29.1 OFREGULATION 1/2003 -
THE COMMISSION'S WITHDRAWAL OF EXEMPTION 131 5.5.2. WITHDRAWAL OF
EXEMPTION WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF AN INDIVIDUAL MEMBER STATE 132 5.6.
THE GENERAL INAPPLICABILITY OFBLOCK EXEMPTIONS 132 6. CONCLUSION 133
CHAPTER IV. HORIZONTAL AGREEMENTS 137 KARSTEN ENGSIG SOERENSEN 1.
INTRODUCTION 137 2. THE ASSESSMENT OF HORIZONTAL AGREEMENTS 139 2.1.
ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL COMPETITORS 139 2.2. THE BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR
EVALUATION UNDER ARTICLE 81(1) 140 2.3. EXEMPTIONS UNDER ARTICLE 81(3)
142 3. PRICING AGREEMENTS AND AGREEMENTS ON OTHER TRADING CONDITIONS 143
3.1. AGREEMENTS ON PURCHASING OR SELLING PRICES 143 3.2. AGREEMENTS ON
OTHER TRADING CONDITIONS 147 3.3. AGREEMENTS ON THE EXCHANGE OF
INFORMATION 148 4. AGREEMENTS ON PRODUCTION 149 4.1. SPECIALISATION
AGREEMENTS 152 4.2. AGREEMENTS FOR THE RESTRUCTURING OF A TRADE SECTOR
153 4.3. AGREEMENTS ON COMMON NORMS AND TECHNICAL STANDARDS 154 5.
COOPERATION ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 157 6. COOPERATION ON SALES AND
MARKETING 158 7. JOINT VENTURES 161 7.1. THE SPECIAL NATURE OF JOINT
VENTURES 161 7.2. RESTRICTIONS ON COMPETITION BETWEEN JOINT VENTURE
PARTNERS . 165 7.2.1. RESTRICTION ON COMPETITION BY THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF A JOINT VENTURE 165 7.2.2. 'SPILL-OVER EFFECTS' ON THE MARKET WHERE
THE JOINT VENTURE OPERATES 167 7.2.3. 'SPILL-OVER EFFECTS'ON OTHER
MARKETS 169 7.3. RESTRICTIONS ON COMPETITION BETWEEN THE JOINT VENTURE
AND THE JOINT VENTURE PARTNERS 172 7.4. THE EFFECTS ON THIRD PARTY
UNDERTAKINGS 174 7.5. NETWORKS OF JOINT VENTURES 177 7.6. SPECIAL
PROVISIONS 179 7.7. EXEMPTIONS AND CONDITIONS 182 CONTENTS 8.
COOPERATIVES 188 9. ACQUISITION OF MINORITY SHAREHOLDINGS 191 CHAPTER V.
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS. COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) NO 772/2004
195 BENT IVERSEN 1. THE EC TREATY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 195
2. LICENCE AGREEMENTS AND EU COMPETITION LAW 202 2.1. THE RELATIONSHIP
TO ARTICLE 81 OF THE EC TREATY 202 2.2. THE RELATIONSHIP TO ARTICLE 82
OF THE EC TREATY 204 3. LICENCE AGREEMENT IN GENERAL 206 4. BLOCK
EXEMPTIONS - THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL BASIS 209 5. REGULATION (EC)
NO 772/2004 * BLOCK EXEMPTIONS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS 212
5.1. AGREEMENTS 212 5.1.1. 'ENTERED INTO BETWEEN TWO UNDERTAKINGS' 212
5.1.2. THECONCEPTOF AN'UNDERTAKING' 213 5.1.3. 'TRANSFER'OF TECHNOLOGY
213 5.1.4. THE TRANSFERRED TECHNOLOGY 214 5.1.5. DEFINITION OF THE
RELEVANT MARKET 216 5.1.6. COMPETING AND NON-COMPETING UNDERTAKINGS 219
5.1.7. RECIPROCAL CONTRA NON-RECIPROCAL AGREEMENTS 220 5.1.8. THE
DURATION OF THE BLOCK EXEMPTION 220 6. HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS IN RESPECT
OF THE BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATION 221 6.1. AGREEMENTS BETWEEN
COMPETITORS 222 6.1.1. AGREEMENTS ON THE PRICINGOF THE CONTRACT PRODUCTS
. 222 6.1.2. PRODUCTION RESTRICTIONS 224 6.1.3. THE ALLOCATION OF
MARKETS OR CUSTOMERS (SALES RESTRICTIONS) 224 6.2. AGREEMENTS BETWEEN
NON-COMPETING UNDERTAKINGS 229 6.2.1. AGREEMENTS ON THE PRICING OF
CONTRACT PRODUCTS - ARTICLE 4(2)(A) 229 6.2.2. SALES RESTRICTIONS
ARTICLE 4(2XB) 230 6.2.3. EXCEPTIONS TO THE HARDCORE ASSESSMENT UNDER
ARTICLE 4(2XB) 234 7. RESTRICTIONS WHICHFALL OUTSIDE THE SCOPEOF THE
BLOCK EXEMPTION . 236 7.1. ARTICLE 5 OF REGULATION (EC) NO 772/2004
236 7.2. ARTICLE 5(1) 237 7.3. ARTICLE 5(2) 238 CONTENTS 8.
WITHDRAWALOFTHEBLOCKEXEMPTION IN INDIVIDUAL CASES 239 8.1. ARTICLE 6
OFREGULATION (EC) NO 772/2004 239 8.2. ARTICLE 6.2 239 8.3. ARTICLE 7
241 CHAPTER VI. ABUSE OF DOMINANCE 243 PERNILLE WEGENER JESSEN 1.
INTRODUCTION 243 2. THE MEANINGOFAN UNDERTAKING 246 3. DOMINANT POSITION
247 3.1. ONE OR MORE UNDERTAKINGS - COLLECTIVE DOMINANCE 248 3.1.1.
OLIGOPOLISTIC MARKET STRUCTURE 250 3.2. RELEVANT FACTORS FOR ASSESSING
MARKET DOMINANCE 252 3.2.1. MARKET SHARE 252 3.2.2. OTHER FACTORS 254
3.3. THE RELEVANT MARKET 255 3.3.1. THE RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET 258
3.3.2. THE RELEVANT GEOGRAPHIC MARKET 259 3.3.3. THE RELEVANT TEMPORAL
MARKET 260 3.4. ASUBSTANTIAL PART OFTHECOMMON MARKET 261 4. ABUSE 262
4.1. EXAMPLES OF ABUSE 265 4.1.1. ARTICLE 82, SECOND PARAGRAPH,
SUB-PARAGRAPH (A) 265 4.1.2. PREDATORY PRICING 267 4.1.3. ARTICLE 82,
SECOND PARAGRAPH, SUB-PARAGRAPH (B) 270 4.1.4. ARTICLE 82, SECOND
PARAGRAPH, SUB-PARAGRAPH (C) 274 4.1.5. ARTICLE 82, SECOND PARAGRAPH,
SUB-PARAGRAPH (D) 277 5. THE EFFECT ON TRADE 279 CHAPTER VII. PROCEDURE
AND ENFORCEMENT: REGULATION (EC) NO 1/2003 283 PERNILLE WEGENER JESSEN &
MICHAEL STEINICKE 1. INTRODUCTION 283 1.1. REGULATION (EC) NO 1/2003 -
STRUCTURE 285 1.2. 2001 - THE MODERNISATION OF THE ENFORCEMENT OF
ARTICLES 81 AND 82 285 3. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EU COMPETITION LAW
AND NATIONAL COMPETITION LAW 287 3.1. DIRECT APPLICABILITY 287 CONTENTS
3.2. THE FIRAMING AND APPLICATION OFNATIONAL COMPETITION LAW IN RELATION
TO ARTICLES 81 AND 82 OF THE EC TREATY 288 4. ALLOCATION OF COMPETENCE,
POWERS AND UNIFORMITY 289 4.1. THE COMMISSION'S COMPETENCES 291 4.2. THE
COMPETENCES OF THE NATIONAL COMPETITION AUTHORITIES AND COURTS 292 4.3.
THE REMOVAL OF THE NOTIFICATION SYSTEM 294 5. POWERS OF INVESTIGATION
296 5.1. THE COMMISSION'S POWERS OF INVESTIGATION 296 5.2. THE
COMMISSION'S INSPECTIONS 298 5.2.1. THE COMMISSION'S INSPECTIONS
OFUNDERTAKINGS 298 5.2.2. INSPECTIONS IN PRIVATE HOMES 300 5.3. THE
POWERS OF THE MEMBER STATES TO CARRY OUT INVESTIGATIONS . 301 6. THE
CONSEQUENCES OF INFRINGEMENT 302 6.1. FINES 302 6.2. DAMAGES 305 CHAPTER
VFFL. MERGER CONTROL 307 KARSTEN ENGSIG SOERENSEN 1. INTRODUCTION 307
1.1. INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC 307 1.2. THE SOURCESOF LAW 309 2.
CONCENTRATIONS WITH AN OBLIGATION TO NOTIFY 311 2.1.
THECONCEPTOFACONCENTRATION 311 2.2. THE DEFINITION OF CONTROL 314 2.2.1.
SOLE CONTROL 315 2.2.2. JOINT CONTROL 318 2.3. FULL-FIINCTIONJOINT
VENTURES 322 2.4. COMMUNITY DIMENSION 328 2.4.1. UNDERTAKINGS CONCERNED
330 2.4.2. CALCULATION OFTURNOVER 331 2.5. CONCENTRATIONS WITHOUT A
COMMUNITY DIMENSION 333 2.6. THE TERRITORIAL SCOPEOF APPLICATION OF THE
MCR 335 3. THE RELEVANT MARKET 337 3.1. THE RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET 338
3.2. THE GEOGRAPHIC MARKET 341 4. THE SUBSTANTIAL APPRAISAL OF
CONCENTRATIONS 345 4.1. FROM THE DOMINANCE TEST TO APPRAISAL OF WHETHER
EFFECTIVE COMPETITION WOULD BE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPEDED 345 10 CONTENTS
4.2. THE CREATION OR STRENGTHENINGOFA DOMINANT POSITION 349 4.2.1.
MARKETSHARE 350 4.2.2. OTHERINDICATIONSOFMARKETSTRENGTH 354 4.2.3.
ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL COMPETITORS 355 4.2.4. THE POSITION ON THE DEMAND
SIDE 359 4.3. COLLECTIVE DOMINANCE (COORDINATED EFFECT) 361 4.4.
NON-COORDINATED OLIGOPOLIES 368 4.5. THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OFMERGERS 370
5. CONDITIONAL APPROVAL 375 6. ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS 381 7. ASSESSMENTOF
COORDINATED PRACTICE IN JOINT VENTURES 387 8. MERGER CONTROL PROCEDURE
392 8.1. THE DUTY TO NOTIFY 392 8.2. THE FIRST PHASE OF THE MERGER
CONTROL PROCEDURE 395 8.3. THE SECOND PHASE OF THE MERGER CONTROL
PROCEDURE 396 8.4. THE SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE 399 CHAPTER IX. STATE AID
401 PERNILLE WEGENER JESSEN 1. INTRODUCTION 401 2. STATE AID PROCEDURE
404 2.1. EXISTING STATE AID MEASURES 405 2.2. NEW AID MEASURES 406
2.2.1. NOTIFIABLE MEASURES 407 2.3. UNLAWFIIL AID MEASURES 408 2.4. THE
PROCEDURE FOR EXISTING AID 408 2.5. THE PROCEDURE FOR NOTIFIED AID 409
2.6. THE PROCEDURE FOR UNLAWFIIL AID 411 2.6.1. INTERIM LEGAL MEASURES
411 2.7. RECOVERY OF UNLAWFIIL AID 413 2.8. INTERESTED PARTIES 419 3.
THE PROHIBITION ON STATE AID IN ARTICLE 87(1) OF THE TREATY 424 3.1. THE
CONCEPT OF AID 424 3.2. AID GRANTED BY A MEMBER STATE OR THROUGH STATE
RESOURCES . 434 3.2.1. THE STATE AND STATE RESOURCES 434 3.2.2.
COMMUNITY RESOURCES 438 3.2.3. PRIVATE RESOURCES 439 3.2.4. AID PROVIDED
ON THE BASIS OF THE LEGISLATION OF A MEMBER STATE 440 11 CONTENTS 3.3.
SELECTIVITY 444 3.3.1. UNDERTAKINGSANDPRODUCTIONSOFGOODS 445 3.3.2.
GENERAL AND SELECTIVE MEASURES 447 3.4. AID WHICH DISTORTS OR THREATENS
TO DISTORT COMPETITION, AND WHICH AFFECTS TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES
454 3.4.1. AID WHICH DISTORTS OR THREATENS TO DISTORT COMPETITION 455
3.4.2. AID THAT AFFECTS TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES 460 3.4.3. THE DE
MINIMIS RULE 462 4. APPROVAL OF STATE AID 464 4.1. AID FOR EXPORTS 468
4.2. OPERATING AID 469 4.3. INVESTMENT AID 470 4.4. POSSIBILITIES FOR
APPROVAL 470 4.4.1. ARTICLE 87(2) 470 4.4.2. ARTICLE 87(3) 471 4.4.3.
ARTICLE 88(2), THIRD PARAGRAPH 471 CHAPTER X. PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS 473
MICHAEL STEINICKE 1. INTRODUCTION 473 2. PRESENTATION OF THE PROVISIONS
474 2.1. TERMINOLOGY 475 3. THE AIMS AND STRUCTURE OF THE PROVISIONS 475
3.1. THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 86 AND ARTICLE 31 475 3.2. THOSE TO WHOM
THE PROVISIONS ARE ADDRESSED 477 3.3. THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 86 477
4. ARTICLE 86(1) 478 4.1. CONCEPTS 478 4.1.1. SPECIALOREXCLUSIVERIGHTS
478 4.1.2. THE GRANT OFA RIGHT 480 4.1.3. UNDERTAKING 481 4.1.4. PUBLIC
UNDERTAKING 482 4.2. THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 86 483 4.2.1. THE DEMAND
DOCTRINE 483 4.2.2. CROSS-SUBSIDISING 484 4.2.3. EXPANSION OF THE
EXCLUSIVE RIGHT 485 4.2.4. ESSENTIAL FACILITIES 486 4.2.5. OTHER
INFRINGEMENTS 488 5. ARTICLE 86(2) 488 12 CONTENTS 5.1. SERVICES OF
GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST 488 5.2. ENTRUSTED WITHTHE OPERATION OF
SERVICES 489 5.3. THE EXCEPTION IN ARTICLE 86(2) 490 5.3.1. CONDITIONS
FOR EXCEPTIONS 490 5.3.2. SPECIAL FINANCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES 491 6. ARTICLE
86(3) 493 6.1. THE ADOPTION OFDIRECTIVES AND DECISIONS 493 6.2. THE
DIRECTIVE ON THE TRANSPARENCY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN MEMBER STATES AND
PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS 495 7. STATE MONOPOLIESOFACOMMERCIAL CHARACTER 496
7.1. ARTICLE 31-AIM AND FUNCTION 496 7.1.1. ARTICLE 31-IN BRIEF 496 7.2.
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS 497 7.2.1. STATE MONOPOLIESOFACOMMERCIAL CHARACTER
497 7.2.2. THE CONCEPT OF APPRECIABILITY 500 7.2.3 ADJUSTING THE
MONOPOLY 500 7.3. MEASURES WHICH CONFLICT WITH ARTICLE 31 501 7.3.1.
GENERAL 501 7.3.2. DISCRIMINATION 501 7.3.3. ARTICLE 31(2) 504 7.3.4.
OBSERVATIONS ON ARTICLE 31(3) 505 7.4. EXCEPTIONS TO ARTICLE 31 505 7.5.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTICLE 31 AND THE OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE
TREATY 506 7.5.1. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTICLE 28 AND STATE
MONOPOLIES OFA COMMERCIAL CHARACTER 506 7.5.2. THE RELATIONSHIP TO THE
OTHER TREATY PROVISIONS 507 8. OTHER REGULATION 508 8.1. INTERNATIONAL
REGULATION 508 CHAPTER XI. THE LIBERALISED SECTORS 511 BENT OLE GRAM
MORTENSEN 1. GENERAL CROSS-SECTORAL CONSIDERATIONS 512 1.1. WHICH
SECTORS ARE DEALT WITH? 516 1.2. FACILITIESOF SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE 519
1.3. THE REGULATORY BACKGROUND 523 1.4. REGULATING THE LIBERALISED
SECTORS 526 1.4.1. EXCTUSIVITY 527 1.4.2. CROSS SUBSIDISATION 530 13
CONTENTS 1.4.3. DIVISION BETWEEN UNDERTAKINGS SUBJECT TO COMPETITION AND
MONOPOLY UNDERTAKINGS ETC 537 1.4.4. ACCESS TO NETWORKS 540 1.4.5.
MANAGEMENT OF NETWORKS 548 1.4.6. PUBLIC OBLIGATIONS 550 1.4.7.
AUTHORISATIONS 559 1.4.8. TRANSPARENCY 561 1.4.9. THE CROSS-BORDER
PROVISION OF SERVICES 564 1.4.10. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 565 1.4.11.
AUTHORITYATTHEEULEVEL 567 1.4.12. RECIPROCITY 567 2. ENERGY 569 2.1.
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY 572 2.1.1. EUREGULATION 573 2.1.2. AUTHORISATION
PROCEDURES 579 2.1.3. ACCESS TO NETWORKS 583 2.1.4. PUBLIC SERVICE
OBLIGATIONS 587 2.1.5. TECHNICAL HARMONISATION 590 2.1.6. TRANSPARENCY
590 2.1.7. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 591 2.2. NATURAL GAS 592 2.2.1. REGULATION
UNDER EU LAW 594 2.2.2. AUTHORISATION PROCEDURES 595 2.2.3. ACCESS TO
NETWORKS 597 2.2.4. PUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATIONS 602 2.2.5. TECHNICAL
HARMONISATION 603 2.2.6. TRANSPARENCY 603 2.2.7. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 604
3. TRANSPORT 604 3.1. AIRTRANSPORT 606 3.1.1. EUREGULATION 608 3.1.2.
AUTHORISATION PROCEDURES 616 3.1.3. NETWORK ACCESS 618 3.1.4. PUBLIC
OBLIGATIONS 620 3.1.5. TECHNICAL STANDARDS 621 3.1.6. SAFETY 623 3.1.7.
TRANSPARENCY 624 3.1.8. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 625 3.2. RAILWAYS 625 3.2.1.
EUREGULATION 627 14 CONTENTS 3.2.2. AUTHORISATION PROCEDURES 630 3.2.3.
ACCESS TO NETWORKS 632 3.2.4. PUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATIONS 637 3.2.5.
TECHNICAL HARMONISATION 639 3.2.6. TRANSPARENCY 640 3.2.7. PUBLIC
AUTHORITIES 641 4. COMMUNICATION 641 4.1. TELECOMMUNICATIONS 641 4.1.1.
EUREGULATION 643 4.1.2. AUTHORISATION PROCEDURES 645 4.1.3. ACCESS TO
NETWORKS 648 4.1.4. PUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATIONS 653 4.1.5. TECHNICAL
HARMONISATION 654 4.1.6. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 656 4.2. POSTAL SERVICES 657
4.2.1. REGULATION UNDER EU LAW 658 4.2.2. AUTHORISATION PROCEDURES 662
4.2.3. ACCESS TO NETWORKS 662 4.2.4. PUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATIONS 663
4.2.5. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 668 CHAPTER XII. PUBLIC PROCUREMENT 671
MICHAEL STEINICKE 1. INTRODUCTION 671 1.1. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND 671
1.2. THE AIM 673 1.3. DESCRIPTION OF THE TENDERING PROCEDURE 674 2. THE
OBLIGATION TO INVITE OFFERS 675 2.1. EX-HOUSE 675 2.2. THRESHOLD VALUES
676 3. CONTRACTING AUTHORITIES 677 3.1. SPECIFIC POINTS ON THE DIRECTIVE
2004/17/EC 678 4. PREPARATION OF THE CONTRACT NOTICE 679 4.1. GENERAL
679 4.2. SPECIFICATION OF THE OBJECT OF THE CONTRACT 679 4.3.
PUBLICATION 682 4.3.1. REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLICATION 683 4.4.
DETERMINATION OF THE TYPE OF TASK 683 4.5. DOCUMENTATION FOR CONTRACT
NOTICES 685 4.6. ELECTRONIC CONTRACT NOTICES 686 15 CONTENTS 4.7.
DEADLINES 686 5. TYPES OFCONTRACT 687 5.1. FRAMEWORK AGREEMENTS 687 5.2.
CONCESSION CONTRACTS 688 6. FORMS OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT PROCEDURES 689
7. SELECTION AND AWARD 691 7.1. SELECTION OFCANDIDATES*PROCEDURES AND
CRITERIA 691 7.2. AWARD OF THE CONTRACT - PROCEDURES AND CRITERIA 693
7.2.1. ABNORMALLY LOW TENDERS 695 7.3. SELECTION OR AWARD 696 7.4.
NON-FINANCIAL CRITERIA 696 8. EXCEPTIONS 698 8.1. GENERAL 698 8.2. THE
DEFENCE EXCEPTION 699 8.3. NEGOTIATED PROCEDURES 700 8.4. ACCELERATED
PROCEDURE 701 8.5. SPECIAL PROVISIONS ONTHE PROVISION OF SERVICES 702
8.5.1. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN A AND B SERVICES 702 8.5.2. THE EXCLUSIVE
RIGHT EXCEPTION 703 9. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 705 9.1.
THEPRINCIPLEOFEQUALTREATMENT 705 9.1.1. THE PROHIBITION ON NEGOTIATION
705 9.1.2. RESERVATIONS 709 9.1.3. TECHNICAL DIALOGUE 712 9.1.4.
CANCELLATION 713 9.2. THE TRANSPARENCY PRINCIPLE 714 9.3. OTHER
PRINCIPLES 715 10. ENFORCEMENT 716 10.1. GENERAL 716 10.2. DAMAGES 717
11. OTHER RULES ON PUBLIC PROCUREMENT 718 11.1. GENERAL 718 11.2. WTO
RULES: THE GOVEMEMENT PROCUREMENT AGREEMENT 718 LITERATURE 719 TABLEOF
CASES 725 TABLE OF COMMISSION DECISIONS 735 INDEX 741 16 |
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CONTENTS FOREWORD 17 CHAPTER L COMPETITION AND EU LAW 19 MICHAEL
STEINICKE 1. LAWS REGULATING MARKETS AND COMPETITION LAW 19 2. THE
STRUCTURE OF THE TREATY 21 2.1. RULES DIRECTED AT THE MEMBER STATES 21
2.2. RULES DIRECTED AT UNDERTAKINGS 23 2.3. GREY AREAS 23 3. THE
REGULATION OF COMPETITION IN THE INTEMAL MARKET 25 3.1. SECONDARY
REGULATION 25 3.2. OTHER SOURCES THAN REGULATION 26 4. SOURCES OF
INFORMATION 27 CHAPTER IL INTRODUCTION TO ARTICLE 81 29 KARSTEN ENGSIG
SOERENSEN 1. INTRODUCTION. 29 2. AGREEMENTS, DECISIONS AND CONCERTED
PRACTICES 30 2.1. AGREEMENTS , 31 2.2. DECISIONS BY ASSOCIATIONS 35 2.3.
CONCERTED PRACTICE 36 3. BETWEEN UNDERTAKINGS 39 3.1. THE DEFINITION OF
AN'UNDERTAKING' 39 3.2. THE EXERCISE OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY AND PUBLIC
UNDERTAKINGS 43 4. THE EFFECT ON TRADE IN THE EU 45 4.1. THE REQUIREMENT
FOR AN EFFECT ON TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES 45 4.2. THE INTERNATIONAL
EXTENTOF ARTICLE 81 47 5. RESTRICTION ON COMPETITION 48 5.1. WORKABLE
COMPETITION 49 5.2. 'WHICH HAVE AS THEIR OBJECT OR EFFECT.' 50 5.3.
THE COMMISSION'S DE MINIMIS NOTICE 51 5.4. RULEOFREASON 53 CONTENTS 5.5.
ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS 54 6. POSSIBLE EXEMPTIONS UNDER ARTICLE 81(3) 57
6.1. CHANGE TO THE NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE 57 6.2. INDIVIDUAL EXEMPTIONS
- THE FOUR CONDITIONS 58 6.3. BLOCK EXEMPTIONS 62 7. THE CONSEQUENCES OF
INFRINGEMENT 63 7.1. INVALIDITY 63 7.2. REMEDIES AND COMMITMENTS 65 7.3.
FINES AND COMPENSATION 65 CHAPTER III. DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS: VERTICAL
AGREEMENTS 67 BENT IVERSEN 1. INTRODUCTION 67 1.1., VERTICAL AGREEMENTS
70 1.2. BLOCK EXEMPTIONS 74 2. THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE RELEVANT SETS
OF RULES 78 3. THECONCEPTOFRESTRICTIONOFCOMPETITION 79 4. SPECIAL
AGREEMENTS. THE STATE OF THE LAW BEFORE AND AFTER REGULATION (EC) NO
2790/1999. THE PREVIOUS PRACTICE WASRETAINED 81 4.1. AGENCY AGREEMENTS
82 4.2. FRANCHISING 87 4.3. SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION 91 4.3.1. QUALITATIVE
OR QUANTITATIVE SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 93 4.3.2. PARTICULAR
ASPECTS OF QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS 98 4.4.
COMMERCIAL/ECONOMICCONSIDERATIONS? 101 5. CRITICISM OF THE PRINCIPLES
THAT HAVE APPLIED HITHERTO. THE COMMISSION'S RESPONSE TO CRITICISM 102
5.1. GREEN PAPER ON VERTICAL RESTRAINTS IN EC COMPETITION POLICY 104
5.2. COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) NO 2790/1999 OF 22 DECEMBER 1999 105
5.3. AGREEMENTS FOR SPECIFICALLY STATED PURPOSES - THE REGULATION'S
HARD-CORE RESTRICTIONS 110 5.3.1. ARTICLE 4(A) - PRICE DISCRIMINATION
AND SELECTIVE PRICES 113 5.3.2. ARTICLE 4(B) OF REGULATION 2790/99 -
SALES RESTRICTIONS 117 5.4. NON-EXEMPT OBLIGATIONS 128 CONTENTS 5.5.
WITHDRAWAL OF AN EXEMPTION 131 5.5.1. ARTICLE 29.1 OFREGULATION 1/2003 -
THE COMMISSION'S WITHDRAWAL OF EXEMPTION 131 5.5.2. WITHDRAWAL OF
EXEMPTION WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF AN INDIVIDUAL MEMBER STATE 132 5.6.
THE GENERAL INAPPLICABILITY OFBLOCK EXEMPTIONS 132 6. CONCLUSION 133
CHAPTER IV. HORIZONTAL AGREEMENTS 137 KARSTEN ENGSIG SOERENSEN 1.
INTRODUCTION 137 2. THE ASSESSMENT OF HORIZONTAL AGREEMENTS 139 2.1.
ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL COMPETITORS 139 2.2. THE BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR
EVALUATION UNDER ARTICLE 81(1) 140 2.3. EXEMPTIONS UNDER ARTICLE 81(3)
142 3. PRICING AGREEMENTS AND AGREEMENTS ON OTHER TRADING CONDITIONS 143
3.1. AGREEMENTS ON PURCHASING OR SELLING PRICES 143 3.2. AGREEMENTS ON
OTHER TRADING CONDITIONS 147 3.3. AGREEMENTS ON THE EXCHANGE OF
INFORMATION 148 4. AGREEMENTS ON PRODUCTION 149 4.1. SPECIALISATION
AGREEMENTS 152 4.2. AGREEMENTS FOR THE RESTRUCTURING OF A TRADE SECTOR
153 4.3. AGREEMENTS ON COMMON NORMS AND TECHNICAL STANDARDS 154 5.
COOPERATION ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 157 6. COOPERATION ON SALES AND
MARKETING 158 7. JOINT VENTURES 161 7.1. THE SPECIAL NATURE OF JOINT
VENTURES 161 7.2. RESTRICTIONS ON COMPETITION BETWEEN JOINT VENTURE
PARTNERS . 165 7.2.1. RESTRICTION ON COMPETITION BY THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF A JOINT VENTURE 165 7.2.2. 'SPILL-OVER EFFECTS' ON THE MARKET WHERE
THE JOINT VENTURE OPERATES 167 7.2.3. 'SPILL-OVER EFFECTS'ON OTHER
MARKETS 169 7.3. RESTRICTIONS ON COMPETITION BETWEEN THE JOINT VENTURE
AND THE JOINT VENTURE PARTNERS 172 7.4. THE EFFECTS ON THIRD PARTY
UNDERTAKINGS 174 7.5. NETWORKS OF JOINT VENTURES 177 7.6. SPECIAL
PROVISIONS 179 7.7. EXEMPTIONS AND CONDITIONS 182 CONTENTS 8.
COOPERATIVES 188 9. ACQUISITION OF MINORITY SHAREHOLDINGS 191 CHAPTER V.
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS. COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) NO 772/2004
195 BENT IVERSEN 1. THE EC TREATY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 195
2. LICENCE AGREEMENTS AND EU COMPETITION LAW 202 2.1. THE RELATIONSHIP
TO ARTICLE 81 OF THE EC TREATY 202 2.2. THE RELATIONSHIP TO ARTICLE 82
OF THE EC TREATY 204 3. LICENCE AGREEMENT IN GENERAL 206 4. BLOCK
EXEMPTIONS - THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL BASIS 209 5. REGULATION (EC)
NO 772/2004 * BLOCK EXEMPTIONS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS 212
5.1. AGREEMENTS 212 5.1.1. 'ENTERED INTO BETWEEN TWO UNDERTAKINGS' 212
5.1.2. THECONCEPTOF AN'UNDERTAKING' 213 5.1.3. 'TRANSFER'OF TECHNOLOGY
213 5.1.4. THE TRANSFERRED TECHNOLOGY 214 5.1.5. DEFINITION OF THE
RELEVANT MARKET 216 5.1.6. COMPETING AND NON-COMPETING UNDERTAKINGS 219
5.1.7. RECIPROCAL CONTRA NON-RECIPROCAL AGREEMENTS 220 5.1.8. THE
DURATION OF THE BLOCK EXEMPTION 220 6. HARDCORE RESTRICTIONS IN RESPECT
OF THE BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATION 221 6.1. AGREEMENTS BETWEEN
COMPETITORS 222 6.1.1. AGREEMENTS ON THE PRICINGOF THE CONTRACT PRODUCTS
. 222 6.1.2. PRODUCTION RESTRICTIONS 224 6.1.3. THE ALLOCATION OF
MARKETS OR CUSTOMERS (SALES RESTRICTIONS) 224 6.2. AGREEMENTS BETWEEN
NON-COMPETING UNDERTAKINGS 229 6.2.1. AGREEMENTS ON THE PRICING OF
CONTRACT PRODUCTS - ARTICLE 4(2)(A) 229 6.2.2. SALES RESTRICTIONS
ARTICLE 4(2XB) 230 6.2.3. EXCEPTIONS TO THE HARDCORE ASSESSMENT UNDER
ARTICLE 4(2XB) 234 7. RESTRICTIONS WHICHFALL OUTSIDE THE SCOPEOF THE
BLOCK EXEMPTION . 236 7.1. ARTICLE 5 OF REGULATION (EC) NO 772/2004
236 7.2. ARTICLE 5(1) 237 7.3. ARTICLE 5(2) 238 CONTENTS 8.
WITHDRAWALOFTHEBLOCKEXEMPTION IN INDIVIDUAL CASES 239 8.1. ARTICLE 6
OFREGULATION (EC) NO 772/2004 239 8.2. ARTICLE 6.2 239 8.3. ARTICLE 7
241 CHAPTER VI. ABUSE OF DOMINANCE 243 PERNILLE WEGENER JESSEN 1.
INTRODUCTION 243 2. THE MEANINGOFAN UNDERTAKING 246 3. DOMINANT POSITION
247 3.1. ONE OR MORE UNDERTAKINGS - COLLECTIVE DOMINANCE 248 3.1.1.
OLIGOPOLISTIC MARKET STRUCTURE 250 3.2. RELEVANT FACTORS FOR ASSESSING
MARKET DOMINANCE 252 3.2.1. MARKET SHARE 252 3.2.2. OTHER FACTORS 254
3.3. THE RELEVANT MARKET 255 3.3.1. THE RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET 258
3.3.2. THE RELEVANT GEOGRAPHIC MARKET 259 3.3.3. THE RELEVANT TEMPORAL
MARKET 260 3.4. ASUBSTANTIAL PART OFTHECOMMON MARKET 261 4. ABUSE 262
4.1. EXAMPLES OF ABUSE 265 4.1.1. ARTICLE 82, SECOND PARAGRAPH,
SUB-PARAGRAPH (A) 265 4.1.2. PREDATORY PRICING 267 4.1.3. ARTICLE 82,
SECOND PARAGRAPH, SUB-PARAGRAPH (B) 270 4.1.4. ARTICLE 82, SECOND
PARAGRAPH, SUB-PARAGRAPH (C) 274 4.1.5. ARTICLE 82, SECOND PARAGRAPH,
SUB-PARAGRAPH (D) 277 5. THE EFFECT ON TRADE 279 CHAPTER VII. PROCEDURE
AND ENFORCEMENT: REGULATION (EC) NO 1/2003 283 PERNILLE WEGENER JESSEN &
MICHAEL STEINICKE 1. INTRODUCTION 283 1.1. REGULATION (EC) NO 1/2003 -
STRUCTURE 285 1.2. 2001 - THE MODERNISATION OF THE ENFORCEMENT OF
ARTICLES 81 AND 82 285 3. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EU COMPETITION LAW
AND NATIONAL COMPETITION LAW 287 3.1. DIRECT APPLICABILITY 287 CONTENTS
3.2. THE FIRAMING AND APPLICATION OFNATIONAL COMPETITION LAW IN RELATION
TO ARTICLES 81 AND 82 OF THE EC TREATY 288 4. ALLOCATION OF COMPETENCE,
POWERS AND UNIFORMITY 289 4.1. THE COMMISSION'S COMPETENCES 291 4.2. THE
COMPETENCES OF THE NATIONAL COMPETITION AUTHORITIES AND COURTS 292 4.3.
THE REMOVAL OF THE NOTIFICATION SYSTEM 294 5. POWERS OF INVESTIGATION
296 5.1. THE COMMISSION'S POWERS OF INVESTIGATION 296 5.2. THE
COMMISSION'S INSPECTIONS 298 5.2.1. THE COMMISSION'S INSPECTIONS
OFUNDERTAKINGS 298 5.2.2. INSPECTIONS IN PRIVATE HOMES 300 5.3. THE
POWERS OF THE MEMBER STATES TO CARRY OUT INVESTIGATIONS . 301 6. THE
CONSEQUENCES OF INFRINGEMENT 302 6.1. FINES 302 6.2. DAMAGES 305 CHAPTER
VFFL. MERGER CONTROL 307 KARSTEN ENGSIG SOERENSEN 1. INTRODUCTION 307
1.1. INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC 307 1.2. THE SOURCESOF LAW 309 2.
CONCENTRATIONS WITH AN OBLIGATION TO NOTIFY 311 2.1.
THECONCEPTOFACONCENTRATION 311 2.2. THE DEFINITION OF CONTROL 314 2.2.1.
SOLE CONTROL 315 2.2.2. JOINT CONTROL 318 2.3. FULL-FIINCTIONJOINT
VENTURES 322 2.4. COMMUNITY DIMENSION 328 2.4.1. UNDERTAKINGS CONCERNED
330 2.4.2. CALCULATION OFTURNOVER 331 2.5. CONCENTRATIONS WITHOUT A
COMMUNITY DIMENSION 333 2.6. THE TERRITORIAL SCOPEOF APPLICATION OF THE
MCR 335 3. THE RELEVANT MARKET 337 3.1. THE RELEVANT PRODUCT MARKET 338
3.2. THE GEOGRAPHIC MARKET 341 4. THE SUBSTANTIAL APPRAISAL OF
CONCENTRATIONS 345 4.1. FROM THE DOMINANCE TEST TO APPRAISAL OF WHETHER
EFFECTIVE COMPETITION WOULD BE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPEDED 345 10 CONTENTS
4.2. THE CREATION OR STRENGTHENINGOFA DOMINANT POSITION 349 4.2.1.
MARKETSHARE 350 4.2.2. OTHERINDICATIONSOFMARKETSTRENGTH 354 4.2.3.
ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL COMPETITORS 355 4.2.4. THE POSITION ON THE DEMAND
SIDE 359 4.3. COLLECTIVE DOMINANCE (COORDINATED EFFECT) 361 4.4.
NON-COORDINATED OLIGOPOLIES 368 4.5. THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OFMERGERS 370
5. CONDITIONAL APPROVAL 375 6. ANCILLARY RESTRAINTS 381 7. ASSESSMENTOF
COORDINATED PRACTICE IN JOINT VENTURES 387 8. MERGER CONTROL PROCEDURE
392 8.1. THE DUTY TO NOTIFY 392 8.2. THE FIRST PHASE OF THE MERGER
CONTROL PROCEDURE 395 8.3. THE SECOND PHASE OF THE MERGER CONTROL
PROCEDURE 396 8.4. THE SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE 399 CHAPTER IX. STATE AID
401 PERNILLE WEGENER JESSEN 1. INTRODUCTION 401 2. STATE AID PROCEDURE
404 2.1. EXISTING STATE AID MEASURES 405 2.2. NEW AID MEASURES 406
2.2.1. NOTIFIABLE MEASURES 407 2.3. UNLAWFIIL AID MEASURES 408 2.4. THE
PROCEDURE FOR EXISTING AID 408 2.5. THE PROCEDURE FOR NOTIFIED AID 409
2.6. THE PROCEDURE FOR UNLAWFIIL AID 411 2.6.1. INTERIM LEGAL MEASURES
411 2.7. RECOVERY OF UNLAWFIIL AID 413 2.8. INTERESTED PARTIES 419 3.
THE PROHIBITION ON STATE AID IN ARTICLE 87(1) OF THE TREATY 424 3.1. THE
CONCEPT OF AID 424 3.2. AID GRANTED BY A MEMBER STATE OR THROUGH STATE
RESOURCES . 434 3.2.1. THE STATE AND STATE RESOURCES 434 3.2.2.
COMMUNITY RESOURCES 438 3.2.3. PRIVATE RESOURCES 439 3.2.4. AID PROVIDED
ON THE BASIS OF THE LEGISLATION OF A MEMBER STATE 440 11 CONTENTS 3.3.
SELECTIVITY 444 3.3.1. UNDERTAKINGSANDPRODUCTIONSOFGOODS 445 3.3.2.
GENERAL AND SELECTIVE MEASURES 447 3.4. AID WHICH DISTORTS OR THREATENS
TO DISTORT COMPETITION, AND WHICH AFFECTS TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES
454 3.4.1. AID WHICH DISTORTS OR THREATENS TO DISTORT COMPETITION 455
3.4.2. AID THAT AFFECTS TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES 460 3.4.3. THE DE
MINIMIS RULE 462 4. APPROVAL OF STATE AID 464 4.1. AID FOR EXPORTS 468
4.2. OPERATING AID 469 4.3. INVESTMENT AID 470 4.4. POSSIBILITIES FOR
APPROVAL 470 4.4.1. ARTICLE 87(2) 470 4.4.2. ARTICLE 87(3) 471 4.4.3.
ARTICLE 88(2), THIRD PARAGRAPH 471 CHAPTER X. PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS 473
MICHAEL STEINICKE 1. INTRODUCTION 473 2. PRESENTATION OF THE PROVISIONS
474 2.1. TERMINOLOGY 475 3. THE AIMS AND STRUCTURE OF THE PROVISIONS 475
3.1. THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 86 AND ARTICLE 31 475 3.2. THOSE TO WHOM
THE PROVISIONS ARE ADDRESSED 477 3.3. THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 86 477
4. ARTICLE 86(1) 478 4.1. CONCEPTS 478 4.1.1. SPECIALOREXCLUSIVERIGHTS
478 4.1.2. THE GRANT OFA RIGHT 480 4.1.3. UNDERTAKING 481 4.1.4. PUBLIC
UNDERTAKING 482 4.2. THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 86 483 4.2.1. THE DEMAND
DOCTRINE 483 4.2.2. CROSS-SUBSIDISING 484 4.2.3. EXPANSION OF THE
EXCLUSIVE RIGHT 485 4.2.4. ESSENTIAL FACILITIES 486 4.2.5. OTHER
INFRINGEMENTS 488 5. ARTICLE 86(2) 488 12 CONTENTS 5.1. SERVICES OF
GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST 488 5.2. ENTRUSTED WITHTHE OPERATION OF
SERVICES 489 5.3. THE EXCEPTION IN ARTICLE 86(2) 490 5.3.1. CONDITIONS
FOR EXCEPTIONS 490 5.3.2. SPECIAL FINANCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES 491 6. ARTICLE
86(3) 493 6.1. THE ADOPTION OFDIRECTIVES AND DECISIONS 493 6.2. THE
DIRECTIVE ON THE TRANSPARENCY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN MEMBER STATES AND
PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS 495 7. STATE MONOPOLIESOFACOMMERCIAL CHARACTER 496
7.1. ARTICLE 31-AIM AND FUNCTION 496 7.1.1. ARTICLE 31-IN BRIEF 496 7.2.
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS 497 7.2.1. STATE MONOPOLIESOFACOMMERCIAL CHARACTER
497 7.2.2. THE CONCEPT OF APPRECIABILITY 500 7.2.3 ADJUSTING THE
MONOPOLY 500 7.3. MEASURES WHICH CONFLICT WITH ARTICLE 31 501 7.3.1.
GENERAL 501 7.3.2. DISCRIMINATION 501 7.3.3. ARTICLE 31(2) 504 7.3.4.
OBSERVATIONS ON ARTICLE 31(3) 505 7.4. EXCEPTIONS TO ARTICLE 31 505 7.5.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTICLE 31 AND THE OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE
TREATY 506 7.5.1. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTICLE 28 AND STATE
MONOPOLIES OFA COMMERCIAL CHARACTER 506 7.5.2. THE RELATIONSHIP TO THE
OTHER TREATY PROVISIONS 507 8. OTHER REGULATION 508 8.1. INTERNATIONAL
REGULATION 508 CHAPTER XI. THE LIBERALISED SECTORS 511 BENT OLE GRAM
MORTENSEN 1. GENERAL CROSS-SECTORAL CONSIDERATIONS 512 1.1. WHICH
SECTORS ARE DEALT WITH? 516 1.2. FACILITIESOF SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE 519
1.3. THE REGULATORY BACKGROUND 523 1.4. REGULATING THE LIBERALISED
SECTORS 526 1.4.1. EXCTUSIVITY 527 1.4.2. CROSS SUBSIDISATION 530 13
CONTENTS 1.4.3. DIVISION BETWEEN UNDERTAKINGS SUBJECT TO COMPETITION AND
MONOPOLY UNDERTAKINGS ETC 537 1.4.4. ACCESS TO NETWORKS 540 1.4.5.
MANAGEMENT OF NETWORKS 548 1.4.6. PUBLIC OBLIGATIONS 550 1.4.7.
AUTHORISATIONS 559 1.4.8. TRANSPARENCY 561 1.4.9. THE CROSS-BORDER
PROVISION OF SERVICES 564 1.4.10. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 565 1.4.11.
AUTHORITYATTHEEULEVEL 567 1.4.12. RECIPROCITY 567 2. ENERGY 569 2.1.
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY 572 2.1.1. EUREGULATION 573 2.1.2. AUTHORISATION
PROCEDURES 579 2.1.3. ACCESS TO NETWORKS 583 2.1.4. PUBLIC SERVICE
OBLIGATIONS 587 2.1.5. TECHNICAL HARMONISATION 590 2.1.6. TRANSPARENCY
590 2.1.7. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 591 2.2. NATURAL GAS 592 2.2.1. REGULATION
UNDER EU LAW 594 2.2.2. AUTHORISATION PROCEDURES 595 2.2.3. ACCESS TO
NETWORKS 597 2.2.4. PUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATIONS 602 2.2.5. TECHNICAL
HARMONISATION 603 2.2.6. TRANSPARENCY 603 2.2.7. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 604
3. TRANSPORT 604 3.1. AIRTRANSPORT 606 3.1.1. EUREGULATION 608 3.1.2.
AUTHORISATION PROCEDURES 616 3.1.3. NETWORK ACCESS 618 3.1.4. PUBLIC
OBLIGATIONS 620 3.1.5. TECHNICAL STANDARDS 621 3.1.6. SAFETY 623 3.1.7.
TRANSPARENCY 624 3.1.8. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 625 3.2. RAILWAYS 625 3.2.1.
EUREGULATION 627 14 CONTENTS 3.2.2. AUTHORISATION PROCEDURES 630 3.2.3.
ACCESS TO NETWORKS 632 3.2.4. PUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATIONS 637 3.2.5.
TECHNICAL HARMONISATION 639 3.2.6. TRANSPARENCY 640 3.2.7. PUBLIC
AUTHORITIES 641 4. COMMUNICATION 641 4.1. TELECOMMUNICATIONS 641 4.1.1.
EUREGULATION 643 4.1.2. AUTHORISATION PROCEDURES 645 4.1.3. ACCESS TO
NETWORKS 648 4.1.4. PUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATIONS 653 4.1.5. TECHNICAL
HARMONISATION 654 4.1.6. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 656 4.2. POSTAL SERVICES 657
4.2.1. REGULATION UNDER EU LAW 658 4.2.2. AUTHORISATION PROCEDURES 662
4.2.3. ACCESS TO NETWORKS 662 4.2.4. PUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATIONS 663
4.2.5. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 668 CHAPTER XII. PUBLIC PROCUREMENT 671
MICHAEL STEINICKE 1. INTRODUCTION 671 1.1. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND 671
1.2. THE AIM 673 1.3. DESCRIPTION OF THE TENDERING PROCEDURE 674 2. THE
OBLIGATION TO INVITE OFFERS 675 2.1. EX-HOUSE 675 2.2. THRESHOLD VALUES
676 3. CONTRACTING AUTHORITIES 677 3.1. SPECIFIC POINTS ON THE DIRECTIVE
2004/17/EC 678 4. PREPARATION OF THE CONTRACT NOTICE 679 4.1. GENERAL
679 4.2. SPECIFICATION OF THE OBJECT OF THE CONTRACT 679 4.3.
PUBLICATION 682 4.3.1. REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLICATION 683 4.4.
DETERMINATION OF THE TYPE OF TASK 683 4.5. DOCUMENTATION FOR CONTRACT
NOTICES 685 4.6. ELECTRONIC CONTRACT NOTICES 686 15 CONTENTS 4.7.
DEADLINES 686 5. TYPES OFCONTRACT 687 5.1. FRAMEWORK AGREEMENTS 687 5.2.
CONCESSION CONTRACTS 688 6. FORMS OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT PROCEDURES 689
7. SELECTION AND AWARD 691 7.1. SELECTION OFCANDIDATES*PROCEDURES AND
CRITERIA 691 7.2. AWARD OF THE CONTRACT - PROCEDURES AND CRITERIA 693
7.2.1. ABNORMALLY LOW TENDERS 695 7.3. SELECTION OR AWARD 696 7.4.
NON-FINANCIAL CRITERIA 696 8. EXCEPTIONS 698 8.1. GENERAL 698 8.2. THE
DEFENCE EXCEPTION 699 8.3. NEGOTIATED PROCEDURES 700 8.4. ACCELERATED
PROCEDURE 701 8.5. SPECIAL PROVISIONS ONTHE PROVISION OF SERVICES 702
8.5.1. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN A AND B SERVICES 702 8.5.2. THE EXCLUSIVE
RIGHT EXCEPTION 703 9. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 705 9.1.
THEPRINCIPLEOFEQUALTREATMENT 705 9.1.1. THE PROHIBITION ON NEGOTIATION
705 9.1.2. RESERVATIONS 709 9.1.3. TECHNICAL DIALOGUE 712 9.1.4.
CANCELLATION 713 9.2. THE TRANSPARENCY PRINCIPLE 714 9.3. OTHER
PRINCIPLES 715 10. ENFORCEMENT 716 10.1. GENERAL 716 10.2. DAMAGES 717
11. OTHER RULES ON PUBLIC PROCUREMENT 718 11.1. GENERAL 718 11.2. WTO
RULES: THE GOVEMEMENT PROCUREMENT AGREEMENT 718 LITERATURE 719 TABLEOF
CASES 725 TABLE OF COMMISSION DECISIONS 735 INDEX 741 16 |
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| geographic | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| geographic_facet | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| id | DE-604.BV035140903 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:27:08Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T11:23:23Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788757416978 8757416974 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016808288 |
| oclc_num | 262433617 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M382 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-M382 DE-12 |
| physical | 751 S. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | DJØF Publ. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Reguleringen af konkurrence i EU Regulating competition in the EU Bent Iversen ... 1. ed. Copenhagen DJØF Publ. 2008 751 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Aus dem Dän. übers. Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Deregulierung stw EU-Recht stw EU-Staaten stw Fusionskontrolle stw Horizontale Konzentration stw Marktmacht stw Subvention stw Technologietransfer stw Vertikale Konzentration stw Wettbewerb stw Wettbewerbsaufsicht stw Wettbewerbspolitik stw Öffentliche Beschaffung stw Antitrust law European Union countries Competition, Unfair European Union countries Restraint of trade European Union countries Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 s 1\p DE-604 Iversen, Bent Sonstige oth SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016808288&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Regulating competition in the EU Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Deregulierung stw EU-Recht stw EU-Staaten stw Fusionskontrolle stw Horizontale Konzentration stw Marktmacht stw Subvention stw Technologietransfer stw Vertikale Konzentration stw Wettbewerb stw Wettbewerbsaufsicht stw Wettbewerbspolitik stw Öffentliche Beschaffung stw Antitrust law European Union countries Competition, Unfair European Union countries Restraint of trade European Union countries Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4121924-7 |
| title | Regulating competition in the EU |
| title_alt | Reguleringen af konkurrence i EU |
| title_auth | Regulating competition in the EU |
| title_exact_search | Regulating competition in the EU |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Regulating competition in the EU |
| title_full | Regulating competition in the EU Bent Iversen ... |
| title_fullStr | Regulating competition in the EU Bent Iversen ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulating competition in the EU Bent Iversen ... |
| title_short | Regulating competition in the EU |
| title_sort | regulating competition in the eu |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Deregulierung stw EU-Recht stw EU-Staaten stw Fusionskontrolle stw Horizontale Konzentration stw Marktmacht stw Subvention stw Technologietransfer stw Vertikale Konzentration stw Wettbewerb stw Wettbewerbsaufsicht stw Wettbewerbspolitik stw Öffentliche Beschaffung stw Antitrust law European Union countries Competition, Unfair European Union countries Restraint of trade European Union countries Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Deregulierung EU-Recht EU-Staaten Fusionskontrolle Horizontale Konzentration Marktmacht Subvention Technologietransfer Vertikale Konzentration Wettbewerb Wettbewerbsaufsicht Wettbewerbspolitik Öffentliche Beschaffung Antitrust law European Union countries Competition, Unfair European Union countries Restraint of trade European Union countries Wettbewerbsrecht Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016808288&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | UT reguleringenafkonkurrenceieu AT iversenbent regulatingcompetitionintheeu |