Verfügbarkeit: Industrial polymers, specialty polymers, and their applications

Industrial polymers, specialty polymers, and their applications:

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Chanda, Manas (VerfasserIn), Roy, Salil K. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC Press 2009
Schriftenreihe:	Plastics engineering 73
Schlagworte:	Polymers Polymers > Industrial applications
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	Includes bibliographical references and index
Beschreibung:	Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9781420080582 142008058X

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MARC


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245	1	0	\|a Industrial polymers, specialty polymers, and their applications \|c Manas Chanda, Salil K. Roy
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300			\|a Getr. Zählung \|b Ill., graph. Darst.
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500			\|a Includes bibliographical references and index
650		4	\|a Polymers
650		4	\|a Polymers \|x Industrial applications
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Contents Préface .......................................................................................... xiii Authors .......................................................................................... xv Industrial Polymers ................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Part I: Addition Polymers .................................................................. 1-2 1.2.1 Polyolefins .......................................................................... 1-3 1.2.1.1 Polyethylene ............................................................... 1-3 1.2.1.2 Polypropylene ............................................................. 1-9 1.2.1.3 Polyallomer .............................................................. 1-15 1.2.1.4 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) ..................................................... 1-16 1.2.1.5 Poly(Vinylidene Chloride) ................................................ 1-24 1.2.1.6 Polytetrafluoroethylene and Other Fluoropolymers ....................... 1-25 1.2.1.7 Polyisobutylene .......................................................... 1-29 1.2.1.8 Polystyrene ............................................................... 1-30 1.2.1.9 Polybutadiene (Butadiene Rubber) ....................................... 1-31 1.2.1.10 Polyisoprene ............................................................. 1-31 1.2.1.11 Polychloroprene .......................................................... 1-32 1.2.2 Olefin Copolymers ................................................................. 1-32 1.2.2.1 Styrene-Butadiene Rubber ............................................... 1-32 1.2.2.2 Nitrile Rubber ........................................................... 1-33 1.2.2.3 Ethylene-Propylene-Elastomer ........................................... 1-33 1.2.2.4 Butyl Rubber ............................................................. 1-35 1.2.2.5 Thermoplastic Elastomers ................................................ 1-35 1.2.2.6 Fluoroelastomers ......................................................... 1-38 1.2.2.7 Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer ......................................... 1-39 1.2.2.8 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Terpolymer ............................. 1-39 1.2.2.9 Ethylene-Methacrylic Acid Copolymers (Ionomers) ...................... 1-42 1.2.3 Acrylics ............................................................................ 1-43 1.2.3.1 Polyacrylonitrile .......................................................... 1-43 1.2.3.2 Polyacrylates ............................................................. 1-44 1.2.3.3 Polymethacrylates ........................................................ 1-45 1.2.3.4 Polyacrylamide ........................................................... 1-47 1.2.3.5 Poly(Acrylic Acid) and PolyţMethacrylic Acid) ........................... 1-48 1.2.3.6 Acrylic Adhesives ......................................................... 1-49 1.2.4 Vinyl Polymers ..................................................................... 1-50 1.2.4.1 Poly(Vinyl Acetate) ....................................................... 1-50 1.2.4.2 Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) ...................................................... 1-52 1.2.4.3 Poly( Vinyl Acetáis) ....................................................... 1-53 1.2.4.4 Poly(Vinyl Cinnamate) ................................................... 1-53 1.2.4.5 Poly( Vinyl Ethers) ........................................................ 1-54 1.2.4.6 Poly( Vinyl Pyrrolidone) .................................................. 1-54 1.2.4.7 Poly(Vinyl Carbazole) .................................................... 1-54 1.3 Part II: Condensation Polymers ........................................................... 1-55 1.3.1 Polyesters .......................................................................... 1 -55 1.3.1.1 Poly( Ethylene Terephthalate) ............................................. 1-55 1.3.1.2 Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) ............................................. 1-57 1.3.1.3 Poly( Dihydroxymethylcyclohexyl Terephthalate) .......................... 1-58 1.3.1.4 Unsaturated Polyesters ................................................... 1-59 1.3.1.5 Aromatic Polyesters ...................................................... 1-66 1.3.1.6 Wholly Aromatic Copolyester ............................................ 1 -68 1.3.1.7 Polycarbonates ........................................................... 1-69 1.3.2 Polyamides ......................................................................... 1-71 1.3.2.1 Aliphatic Polyamides .................................................... 1-72 1.3.2.2 Aromatic Polyamides ..................................................... 1-80 1.3.2.3 Polyimides ............................................................... 1-82 1.3.3 Formaldehyde Resins ............................................................... 1-87 1.3.3.1 Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins ............................................. 1-88 1.3.3.2 Urea-Formaldehyde Resins ............................................... 1-92 1.3.3.3 Melamine-Formaldehyde Resins .......................................... 1-96 1.3.4 Polyurethanes ...................................................................... 1-97 1.3.4.1 Polyurethane Rubbers and Spandex Fibers ................................ 1-99 1.3.4.2 Flexible Polyurethane Foam .............................................1-103 1.3.4.3 Rigid and Semirigid Polyurethane Foams ................................1-104 1.3.4.4 Polyurethane Coatings ..................................................1-105 1.3.5 Ether Polymers .................................................................... 1-106 1.3.5.1 Polyacetal ...............................................................1-107 1.3.5.2 Polyethylene Oxide) ....................................................1-109 1.3.5.3 Applications ............................................................1-110 1.3.5.4 PolyfPropylene Oxide) ..................................................1-І 12 1.3.5.5 Epoxy Resins ............................................................1-114 1.3.5.6 PolyiPhenylene Oxide) ..................................................1126 1.3.6 Cellulosic Polymers ................................................................1-128 1.3.6.1 Regenerated Cellulose ................................................... Ы28 1.3.6.2 Cellulose Nitrate ........................................................ Ы29 1.3.6.3 Cellulose Acetate ........................................................ Ы30 1.3.6.4 Other Cellulose Esters ................................................... Ы31 1.3.6.5 Cellulose Ethers ......................................................... Ы31 1.3.7 Sulfide Polymers .................................................................. Ы32 1.3.7.1 Polysulfides ............................................................. Ы32 1.3.7.2 Poly(Phenylene Sulfide) ................................................. ЫЗЗ 1.3.8 Polysulfones .......................................................................1-134 1.3.8.1 Properties ............................................................... Ы35 1.3.9 Polyether Ketones .................................................................1-136 1.3.10 Polybenzimidazole ................................................................1-138 1.3.11 Silicones and Other Inorganic Polymers ...........................................1-139 1.3.11.1 Silicones ................................................................1- 139 1.3.11.2 Polyphosphazenes .......................................................1-145 1.3.11.3 Polythiazyl .............................................................. I 146 1.3.12 Polyblends ........................................................................ I !46 1.3.12.1 Prediction of Polyblend Properties ......................................1-150 1.3.12.2 Selection of Blend Components ......................................... Ы51 1.3.12.3 Compatibilization of Polymers .......................................... Ы52 1.3.12.4 Industrial Polyblends ...................................................1-154 1.3.12.5 Nanoblends ............................................................ 1-156 1.3.13 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks .............................................. 1-157 1.3.13.1 Industrial IPNs .........................................................1-159 References ..................................................................................... 1-159 Polymers in Special Uses ..............................................................2-1 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................... 2-1 2.2 High-Temperature and Fire-Resistant Polymers ............................................. 2-1 2.2.1 Temperature-Resistant Polymers .................................................... 2-2 2.2.2 Fire-Resistant Polymers ............................................................ 2-4 2.3 Liquid Crystal Polymers ................................................................... 2-5 2.3.1 Thermotropic Main-Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers ...............................2-11 2.3.2 Side-Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers ............................................... 2-13 2.3.3 Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Polymers ...........................................2-14 2.3.4 Properties of Commercial LCPs ................................................... 2-17 2.3.5 Applications ...................................................................... 2-19 2.4 Electroactive Polymers ..................................................................... 2-19 2.4.1 Filled Polymers ................................................................... 2-19 2.4.1.1 EMI Shielding ........................................................... 2-22 2.4.1.2 Conductive Coating ..................................................... 2-24 2.4.1.3 Signature Materials ...................................................... 2-25 2.4.2 Inherently Conductive Polymers .................................................. 2-26 2.4.2.1 Doping ................................................................. 2-28 2.4.2.2 Conducting Mechanisms ................................................2-33 2.4.2.3 Applications ............................................................ 2-35 2.4.3 Photoconductive Polymers ........................................................ 2-43 2.4.4 Polymers in Fiber Optics .......................................................... 2-44 2.4.5 Polymers in Nonlinear Optics ..................................................... 2-47 2.4.6 Langmuir-Blodgett Films ......................................................... 2-48 2.4.7 Piezo- and Pyroelectric Polymers .................................................. 2-49 2.4.7.1 Applications ............................................................ 2-51 2.4.8 Polymeric Electrolytes .............................................................. 2-53 2.5 Polymers in Photoresist Applications ...................................................... 2-55 2.5.1 Negative Photoresists ............................................................. 2-58 2.5.2 Positive Photoresists .............................................................. 2-61 2.5.2.1 Near-UV Application .................................................... 2-61 2.5.2.2 Mid- and Deep-UV Photoresists ........................................2-63 2.5.3 Electron Beam Resists .............................................................2-66 2.5.4 Plasma-Developable Photoresists .................................................. 2-67 2.6 Photoresist Applications for Printing ......................................................2-68 2.6.1 Printing Plates .................................................................... 2-68 2.6.1.1 Relief or Raised-Image Plates ............................................2-68 2.6.1.2 Photolithography/Planographic Plates ...................................2-70 2.6.1.3 Photogravure ........................................................... 2-70 2.6.2 Photoengraving ...................................................................2-70 2.6.3 Printed Circuits ...................................................................2-71 2.6.4 Collotype and Proofing Systems ...................................................2-71 2.7 Optical Information Storage ...............................................................2-71 2.8 Polymers in Adhesives .....................................................................2-72 2.8.1 Solvent-Based Adhesives ..........................................................2-73 2.8.2 Water-Based Adhesives ............................................................2-75 2.8.3 Hot Melt Adhesives ...............................................................2-76 2.8.4 Radiation-Curable Adhesives ......................................................2-76 2.9 Degradatile Polymers ......................................................................2-77 2.9.1 Packaging Application .............................................................2-79 2.9.2 Medical and Related Applications .................................................2-80 2.9.2.1 Synthetic Polymers ......................................................2-80 2.9.2.2 Controlled Release Agents ...............................................2-81 2.9.2.3 Tissue Engineering ......................................................2-82 2.10 Ionic Polymers ............................................................................2-84 2.10.1 Physical Properties and Applications ..............................................2-86 2.10.1.1 Ionic Cross-Linking .....................................................2-86 2.10.1.2 Ion-Exchange ...........................................................2-86 2.10.1.3 Hydrophilicity .......................................................... 2-88 2.10.2 Ionomers .........................................................................2-91 2.10.2.1 Polyethylene Ionomers .................................................. 2-91 2.10.2.2 Elastomeric Ionomers ...................................................2-93 2.10.2.3 Ionomers Based on Polytetrafluoroethylene ..............................2-94 2.10.2.4 Ionomers Based on Polysulfones ........................................ 2-96 2.10.3 Polyelectrolytes ...................................................................2-97 2.10.3.1 Ion Exchangers ..........................................................2-97 2.10.3.2 Applications ...........................................................2-102 2.10.3.3 Polycarboxylates .......................................................2-105 2.10.3.4 Integral Polyelectrolytes ................................................2-105 2.11 Scavenger Resins .........................................................................2-106 2.12 Synthetic Polymer Membranes ...........................................................2-107 2.12.1 Membrane Preparation ...........................................................2-107 2.12.1.1 Wet-Extrusion Process .................................................2-107 2.12.1.2 Hollow-Fiber Membranes ..............................................2-110 2.12.2 Membrane Modules ..............................................................2-111 2.12.3 Applications .....................................................................2-113 2.13 Hydrogels and Smart Polymers ..........................................................2-115 2.13.1 Smart Polymers ..................................................................2-117 2.14 Dendritic Polymers .......................................................................2-123 2.14.1 Applications .....................................................................2-124 2.15 Shape Memory Polymers .................................................................2-126 2.16 Microencapsulation ......................................................................2-128 2.16.1 Processes for Microencapsulation ................................................2-129 2.16.1.1 Complex Coacervation .................................................2-129 2.16.1.2 Polymer-Polymer Incompatibility ......................................2-130 2.16.1.3 Interfacial and In Situ Polymerization ..................................2-130 2.16.1.4 Spray Drying ...........................................................2-133 2.16.1.5 Fluidized-Bed Coating .................................................2-134 2.16.1.6 Co-Extrusion Capsule Formation .......................................2-135 2.16.1.7 Other Processes ........................................................2-136 2.16.2 Applications .....................................................................2-137 2.17 Polymer Nanocomposites ................................................................2-138 2.17.1 Preparation of Polymer Nanocomposites .........................................2-139 2.17.2 Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites ........................................2-144 2.18 Wood-Polymer Composites ..............................................................2-146 2.18.1 WPC Feedstocks .................................................................2-147 2.18.1.1 Wood ..................................................................2-147 2.18.1.2 Plastics .................................................................2-148 2.18.1.3 Compounded Pellets ...................................................2-148 2.18.1.4 Additives ...............................................................2-148 2.18.2 Manufacture of WPC Products ...................................................2-148 2.18.2.1 Compounding .........................................................2-149 2.18.2.2 Extrusion ..............................................................2-149 2.18.3 Properties of WPC Products .....................................................2-151 2.18.4 Applications of WPC Products ...................................................2-152 2.19 Polymerization-Filled Composites ........................................................2-154 References ......................................................................................2-155 3 Trends in Polymer Applications ...................................................... 3-1 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Polymers in Packaging ..................................................................... 3-2 3.2.1 Retorting .......................................................................... 3-4 3.2.2 Asceptic Packaging ................................................................. 3-4 3.2.3 Hot-Filling ......................................................................... 3-5 3.2.4 Controlled-Atmosphere Packaging ................................................. 3-5 3.2.5 High-Barrier Films ................................................................. 3-5 3.2.6 Oxygen Scavenger-Based Packaging ................................................ 3-6 3.2.7 Plastic Bottles ...................................................................... 3-6 3.2.8 Chemical Containers ............................................................... 3-7 3.2.9 Dual Ovenables .................................................................... 3-7 3.2.10 Closures ........................................................................... 3-8 3.2.11 Biodegradable Packaging ........................................................... 3-8 3.2.12 Pharmaceutics Packaging and Nanomedicines ...................................... 3-9 3.2.13 Wood-Plastic Composites ......................................................... 3-Ю 3.3 Polymers in Building and Construction .................................................... 3-10 3.3.1 Roofing ........................................................................... 3-11 3.3.2 Flooring .......................................................................... 3-11 3.3.3 Windows ......................................................................... 3-12 3.3.4 Pipes .............................................................................. 3-13 3.3.5 Insulation ......................................................................... 3-13 3.3.6 Polymer-Concrete Composites .................................................... 3-14 3.3.7 Wood-Plastic Composites ......................................................... 3-16 3.4 Polymers in Corrosion Prevention and Control ............................................ 3-16 3.4.1 Flue Gas Desulfurization .......................................................... 3-17 3.4.2 Chemical Resistant Masonry ......................................................3-17 3.4.3 Piping Systems .................................................................... 3-18 3.4.4 Boiler and Cooling Water Treatment .............................................. 3-18 3.4.5 Biodegradable Scale Inhibitor .....................................................3-18 3.4.6 Reinforcing Steel in Concrete .....................................................3-19 3.5 Plastics in Automotive Applications .......................................................3-20 3.5.1 Exterior Body Parts ...............................................................3-20 3.5.2 Interior Components ..............................................................3-21 3.5.3 Load-Bearing Parts ................................................................3-22 3.5.4 Under-the-Bonnet (Hood) ........................................................3-22 3.5.5 Future Trends .....................................................................3-23 3.5.6 Polymer Nanocomposites .........................................................3-23 3.5.7 Green Composites ............................................................. 3-24 3.6 Polymers in Aerospace Applications .......................................................3-25 3.6.1 Carbon Fibers ..................................................................... 3-25 3.6.2 Resins ............................................................................. 3-26 3.7 Polymers in Electrical and Electronic Applications .........................................3-27 3.7.1 Wire and Cable Insulation ........................................................3-28 3.7.2 Polymer Insulators ................................................................3-29 3.7.3 Printed Circuit Boards ............................................................3-29 3.7.4 Connectors .......................................................................3-29 3.7.5 Enclosures ........................................................................3-30 3.7.6 Optical Fibers .....................................................................3-30 3.7.7 Information Storage Discs .........................................................3-31 3.7.8 Polymeric FET and LED ...........................................................3-32 3.8 Polymers in Agriculture and Horticulture ..................................................3-33 3.8.1 Plastic Film .......................................................................3-33 3.8.2 Plastic Crates .....................................................................3-34 3.8.3 Building ..........................................................................3-34 3.8.4 Pipes and Hoses ..................................................................3-34 3.8.5 Greenhouses ......................................................................3-35 3.9 Polymers in Domestic Appliances and Business Machines ..................................3-35 3.9.1 Large Appliances ..................................................................3-36 3.9.2 Small Appliances ..................................................................3-37 3.9.3 Business Equipment ...............................................................3-37 3.9.4 Air Filters .........................................................................3-38 3.9.5 Solar Systems .....................................................................3-38 3.10 Polymers in Medical and Biomedical Applications .........................................3-39 3.10.1 Medical Packaging ................................................................3-39 3.10.2 Nontoxic Sterilizable Items ........................................................3-40 3.10.3 Biodegradable Polymers ...........................................................3-41 3.10.4 Conducting Polymer Nanotubes ...................................................3-41 3.10.5 Biomimetic Actuators .............................................................3-42 3.10.6 Dental Resin Composites ..........................................................3-43 3.10.7 Appliances ........................................................................3-43 3.10.8 Disposables .......................................................................3-43 3.11 Polymers in Marine and Offshore Applications ............................................3-44 3.11.1 Cables ............................................................................ 3-44 3.11.2 Coatings ..........................................................................3-44 3.11.3 Other Applications ................................................................3-45 3.12 Polymers in Sport ......................................................................... 3-45 3.12.1 Synthetic Surfaces ................................................................. 3-45 3.12.2 Footwear .......................................................................... 3-46 3.12.3 Equipment ........................................................................ 3-46 References .......................................................................................3-47 Appendices Al Trade Names for Some Industrial Polymers ................................................. Al-1 A2 Commonly Used Abbreviations for Industrial Polymers ..................................... A2-1 A3 Typical Properties of Polymers Used for Molding and Extrusion ............................A3-1 A4 Typical Properties of Cross-Linked Rubber Compounds ....................................A4-1 A5 Typical Properties of Representative Textile Fibers .......................................... A5- 1 Index .............................................................................................. I 1
adam_txt	Contents Préface . xiii Authors . xv Industrial Polymers . 1-1 1.1 Introduction . 1-1 1.2 Part I: Addition Polymers . 1-2 1.2.1 Polyolefins . 1-3 1.2.1.1 Polyethylene . 1-3 1.2.1.2 Polypropylene . 1-9 1.2.1.3 Polyallomer . 1-15 1.2.1.4 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) . 1-16 1.2.1.5 Poly(Vinylidene Chloride) . 1-24 1.2.1.6 Polytetrafluoroethylene and Other Fluoropolymers . 1-25 1.2.1.7 Polyisobutylene . 1-29 1.2.1.8 Polystyrene . 1-30 1.2.1.9 Polybutadiene (Butadiene Rubber) . 1-31 1.2.1.10 Polyisoprene . 1-31 1.2.1.11 Polychloroprene . 1-32 1.2.2 Olefin Copolymers . 1-32 1.2.2.1 Styrene-Butadiene Rubber . 1-32 1.2.2.2 Nitrile Rubber . 1-33 1.2.2.3 Ethylene-Propylene-Elastomer . 1-33 1.2.2.4 Butyl Rubber . 1-35 1.2.2.5 Thermoplastic Elastomers . 1-35 1.2.2.6 Fluoroelastomers . 1-38 1.2.2.7 Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer . 1-39 1.2.2.8 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Terpolymer . 1-39 1.2.2.9 Ethylene-Methacrylic Acid Copolymers (Ionomers) . 1-42 1.2.3 Acrylics . 1-43 1.2.3.1 Polyacrylonitrile . 1-43 1.2.3.2 Polyacrylates . 1-44 1.2.3.3 Polymethacrylates . 1-45 1.2.3.4 Polyacrylamide . 1-47 1.2.3.5 Poly(Acrylic Acid) and PolyţMethacrylic Acid) . 1-48 1.2.3.6 Acrylic Adhesives . 1-49 1.2.4 Vinyl Polymers . 1-50 1.2.4.1 Poly(Vinyl Acetate) . 1-50 1.2.4.2 Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) . 1-52 1.2.4.3 Poly( Vinyl Acetáis) . 1-53 1.2.4.4 Poly(Vinyl Cinnamate) . 1-53 1.2.4.5 Poly( Vinyl Ethers) . 1-54 1.2.4.6 Poly( Vinyl Pyrrolidone) . 1-54 1.2.4.7 Poly(Vinyl Carbazole) . 1-54 1.3 Part II: Condensation Polymers . 1-55 1.3.1 Polyesters . 1 -55 1.3.1.1 Poly( Ethylene Terephthalate) . 1-55 1.3.1.2 Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) . 1-57 1.3.1.3 Poly( Dihydroxymethylcyclohexyl Terephthalate) . 1-58 1.3.1.4 Unsaturated Polyesters . 1-59 1.3.1.5 Aromatic Polyesters . 1-66 1.3.1.6 Wholly Aromatic Copolyester . 1 -68 1.3.1.7 Polycarbonates . 1-69 1.3.2 Polyamides . 1-71 1.3.2.1 Aliphatic Polyamides . 1-72 1.3.2.2 Aromatic Polyamides . 1-80 1.3.2.3 Polyimides . 1-82 1.3.3 Formaldehyde Resins . 1-87 1.3.3.1 Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins . 1-88 1.3.3.2 Urea-Formaldehyde Resins . 1-92 1.3.3.3 Melamine-Formaldehyde Resins . 1-96 1.3.4 Polyurethanes . 1-97 1.3.4.1 Polyurethane Rubbers and Spandex Fibers . 1-99 1.3.4.2 Flexible Polyurethane Foam .1-103 1.3.4.3 Rigid and Semirigid Polyurethane Foams .1-104 1.3.4.4 Polyurethane Coatings .1-105 1.3.5 Ether Polymers . 1-106 1.3.5.1 Polyacetal .1-107 1.3.5.2 Polyethylene Oxide) .1-109 1.3.5.3 Applications .1-110 1.3.5.4 PolyfPropylene Oxide) .1-І 12 1.3.5.5 Epoxy Resins .1-114 1.3.5.6 PolyiPhenylene Oxide) .1126 1.3.6 Cellulosic Polymers .1-128 1.3.6.1 Regenerated Cellulose . Ы28 1.3.6.2 Cellulose Nitrate . Ы29 1.3.6.3 Cellulose Acetate . Ы30 1.3.6.4 Other Cellulose Esters . Ы31 1.3.6.5 Cellulose Ethers . Ы31 1.3.7 Sulfide Polymers . Ы32 1.3.7.1 Polysulfides . Ы32 1.3.7.2 Poly(Phenylene Sulfide) . ЫЗЗ 1.3.8 Polysulfones .1-134 1.3.8.1 Properties . Ы35 1.3.9 Polyether Ketones .1-136 1.3.10 Polybenzimidazole .1-138 1.3.11 Silicones and Other Inorganic Polymers .1-139 1.3.11.1 Silicones .1- 139 1.3.11.2 Polyphosphazenes .1-145 1.3.11.3 Polythiazyl . I"146 1.3.12 Polyblends . I"!46 1.3.12.1 Prediction of Polyblend Properties .1-150 1.3.12.2 Selection of Blend Components . Ы51 1.3.12.3 Compatibilization of Polymers . Ы52 1.3.12.4 Industrial Polyblends .1-154 1.3.12.5 Nanoblends . 1-156 1.3.13 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks . 1-157 1.3.13.1 Industrial IPNs .1-159 References . 1-159 Polymers in Special Uses .2-1 2.1 Introduction . 2-1 2.2 High-Temperature and Fire-Resistant Polymers . 2-1 2.2.1 Temperature-Resistant Polymers . 2-2 2.2.2 Fire-Resistant Polymers . 2-4 2.3 Liquid Crystal Polymers . 2-5 2.3.1 Thermotropic Main-Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers .2-11 2.3.2 Side-Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers . 2-13 2.3.3 Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Polymers .2-14 2.3.4 Properties of Commercial LCPs . 2-17 2.3.5 Applications . 2-19 2.4 Electroactive Polymers . 2-19 2.4.1 Filled Polymers . 2-19 2.4.1.1 EMI Shielding . 2-22 2.4.1.2 Conductive Coating . 2-24 2.4.1.3 Signature Materials . 2-25 2.4.2 Inherently Conductive Polymers . 2-26 2.4.2.1 Doping . 2-28 2.4.2.2 Conducting Mechanisms .2-33 2.4.2.3 Applications . 2-35 2.4.3 Photoconductive Polymers . 2-43 2.4.4 Polymers in Fiber Optics . 2-44 2.4.5 Polymers in Nonlinear Optics . 2-47 2.4.6 Langmuir-Blodgett Films . 2-48 2.4.7 Piezo- and Pyroelectric Polymers . 2-49 2.4.7.1 Applications . 2-51 2.4.8 Polymeric Electrolytes . 2-53 2.5 Polymers in Photoresist Applications . 2-55 2.5.1 Negative Photoresists . 2-58 2.5.2 Positive Photoresists . 2-61 2.5.2.1 Near-UV Application . 2-61 2.5.2.2 Mid- and Deep-UV Photoresists .2-63 2.5.3 Electron Beam Resists .2-66 2.5.4 Plasma-Developable Photoresists . 2-67 2.6 Photoresist Applications for Printing .2-68 2.6.1 Printing Plates . 2-68 2.6.1.1 Relief or Raised-Image Plates .2-68 2.6.1.2 Photolithography/Planographic Plates .2-70 2.6.1.3 Photogravure . 2-70 2.6.2 Photoengraving .2-70 2.6.3 Printed Circuits .2-71 2.6.4 Collotype and Proofing Systems .2-71 2.7 Optical Information Storage .2-71 2.8 Polymers in Adhesives .2-72 2.8.1 Solvent-Based Adhesives .2-73 2.8.2 Water-Based Adhesives .2-75 2.8.3 Hot Melt Adhesives .2-76 2.8.4 Radiation-Curable Adhesives .2-76 2.9 Degradatile Polymers .2-77 2.9.1 Packaging Application .2-79 2.9.2 Medical and Related Applications .2-80 2.9.2.1 Synthetic Polymers .2-80 2.9.2.2 Controlled Release Agents .2-81 2.9.2.3 Tissue Engineering .2-82 2.10 Ionic Polymers .2-84 2.10.1 Physical Properties and Applications .2-86 2.10.1.1 Ionic Cross-Linking .2-86 2.10.1.2 Ion-Exchange .2-86 2.10.1.3 Hydrophilicity . 2-88 2.10.2 Ionomers .2-91 2.10.2.1 Polyethylene Ionomers . 2-91 2.10.2.2 Elastomeric Ionomers .2-93 2.10.2.3 Ionomers Based on Polytetrafluoroethylene .2-94 2.10.2.4 Ionomers Based on Polysulfones . 2-96 2.10.3 Polyelectrolytes .2-97 2.10.3.1 Ion Exchangers .2-97 2.10.3.2 Applications .2-102 2.10.3.3 Polycarboxylates .2-105 2.10.3.4 Integral Polyelectrolytes .2-105 2.11 Scavenger Resins .2-106 2.12 Synthetic Polymer Membranes .2-107 2.12.1 Membrane Preparation .2-107 2.12.1.1 Wet-Extrusion Process .2-107 2.12.1.2 Hollow-Fiber Membranes .2-110 2.12.2 Membrane Modules .2-111 2.12.3 Applications .2-113 2.13 Hydrogels and Smart Polymers .2-115 2.13.1 Smart Polymers .2-117 2.14 Dendritic Polymers .2-123 2.14.1 Applications .2-124 2.15 Shape Memory Polymers .2-126 2.16 Microencapsulation .2-128 2.16.1 Processes for Microencapsulation .2-129 2.16.1.1 Complex Coacervation .2-129 2.16.1.2 Polymer-Polymer Incompatibility .2-130 2.16.1.3 Interfacial and In Situ Polymerization .2-130 2.16.1.4 Spray Drying .2-133 2.16.1.5 Fluidized-Bed Coating .2-134 2.16.1.6 Co-Extrusion Capsule Formation .2-135 2.16.1.7 Other Processes .2-136 2.16.2 Applications .2-137 2.17 Polymer Nanocomposites .2-138 2.17.1 Preparation of Polymer Nanocomposites .2-139 2.17.2 Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites .2-144 2.18 Wood-Polymer Composites .2-146 2.18.1 WPC Feedstocks .2-147 2.18.1.1 Wood .2-147 2.18.1.2 Plastics .2-148 2.18.1.3 Compounded Pellets .2-148 2.18.1.4 Additives .2-148 2.18.2 Manufacture of WPC Products .2-148 2.18.2.1 Compounding .2-149 2.18.2.2 Extrusion .2-149 2.18.3 Properties of WPC Products .2-151 2.18.4 Applications of WPC Products .2-152 2.19 Polymerization-Filled Composites .2-154 References .2-155 3 Trends in Polymer Applications . 3-1 3.1 Introduction . 3-1 3.2 Polymers in Packaging . 3-2 3.2.1 Retorting . 3-4 3.2.2 Asceptic Packaging . 3-4 3.2.3 Hot-Filling . 3-5 3.2.4 Controlled-Atmosphere Packaging . 3-5 3.2.5 High-Barrier Films . 3-5 3.2.6 Oxygen Scavenger-Based Packaging . 3-6 3.2.7 Plastic Bottles . 3-6 3.2.8 Chemical Containers . 3-7 3.2.9 Dual Ovenables . 3-7 3.2.10 Closures . 3-8 3.2.11 Biodegradable Packaging . 3-8 3.2.12 Pharmaceutics Packaging and Nanomedicines . 3-9 3.2.13 Wood-Plastic Composites . 3-Ю 3.3 Polymers in Building and Construction . 3-10 3.3.1 Roofing . 3-11 3.3.2 Flooring . 3-11 3.3.3 Windows . 3-12 3.3.4 Pipes . 3-13 3.3.5 Insulation . 3-13 3.3.6 Polymer-Concrete Composites . 3-14 3.3.7 Wood-Plastic Composites . 3-16 3.4 Polymers in Corrosion Prevention and Control . 3-16 3.4.1 Flue Gas Desulfurization . 3-17 3.4.2 Chemical Resistant Masonry .3-17 3.4.3 Piping Systems . 3-18 3.4.4 Boiler and Cooling Water Treatment . 3-18 3.4.5 Biodegradable Scale Inhibitor .3-18 3.4.6 Reinforcing Steel in Concrete .3-19 3.5 Plastics in Automotive Applications .3-20 3.5.1 Exterior Body Parts .3-20 3.5.2 Interior Components .3-21 3.5.3 Load-Bearing Parts .3-22 3.5.4 Under-the-Bonnet (Hood) .3-22 3.5.5 Future Trends .3-23 3.5.6 Polymer Nanocomposites .3-23 3.5.7 "Green" Composites . 3-24 3.6 Polymers in Aerospace Applications .3-25 3.6.1 Carbon Fibers . 3-25 3.6.2 Resins . 3-26 3.7 Polymers in Electrical and Electronic Applications .3-27 3.7.1 Wire and Cable Insulation .3-28 3.7.2 Polymer Insulators .3-29 3.7.3 Printed Circuit Boards .3-29 3.7.4 Connectors .3-29 3.7.5 Enclosures .3-30 3.7.6 Optical Fibers .3-30 3.7.7 Information Storage Discs .3-31 3.7.8 Polymeric FET and LED .3-32 3.8 Polymers in Agriculture and Horticulture .3-33 3.8.1 Plastic Film .3-33 3.8.2 Plastic Crates .3-34 3.8.3 Building .3-34 3.8.4 Pipes and Hoses .3-34 3.8.5 Greenhouses .3-35 3.9 Polymers in Domestic Appliances and Business Machines .3-35 3.9.1 Large Appliances .3-36 3.9.2 Small Appliances .3-37 3.9.3 Business Equipment .3-37 3.9.4 Air Filters .3-38 3.9.5 Solar Systems .3-38 3.10 Polymers in Medical and Biomedical Applications .3-39 3.10.1 Medical Packaging .3-39 3.10.2 Nontoxic Sterilizable Items .3-40 3.10.3 Biodegradable Polymers .3-41 3.10.4 Conducting Polymer Nanotubes .3-41 3.10.5 Biomimetic Actuators .3-42 3.10.6 Dental Resin Composites .3-43 3.10.7 Appliances .3-43 3.10.8 Disposables .3-43 3.11 Polymers in Marine and Offshore Applications .3-44 3.11.1 Cables . 3-44 3.11.2 Coatings .3-44 3.11.3 Other Applications .3-45 3.12 Polymers in Sport . 3-45 3.12.1 Synthetic Surfaces . 3-45 3.12.2 Footwear . 3-46 3.12.3 Equipment . 3-46 References .3-47 Appendices Al Trade Names for Some Industrial Polymers . Al-1 A2 Commonly Used Abbreviations for Industrial Polymers . A2-1 A3 Typical Properties of Polymers Used for Molding and Extrusion .A3-1 A4 Typical Properties of Cross-Linked Rubber Compounds .A4-1 A5 Typical Properties of Representative Textile Fibers . A5- 1 Index . I"1
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spelling	Chanda, Manas Verfasser aut Industrial polymers, specialty polymers, and their applications Manas Chanda, Salil K. Roy Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC Press 2009 Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Plastics engineering 73 Includes bibliographical references and index Polymers Polymers Industrial applications Roy, Salil K. Verfasser aut Plastics engineering 73 (DE-604)BV001900231 73 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016807850&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Chanda, Manas Roy, Salil K. Industrial polymers, specialty polymers, and their applications Plastics engineering Polymers Polymers Industrial applications
title	Industrial polymers, specialty polymers, and their applications
title_auth	Industrial polymers, specialty polymers, and their applications
title_exact_search	Industrial polymers, specialty polymers, and their applications
title_exact_search_txtP	Industrial polymers, specialty polymers, and their applications
title_full	Industrial polymers, specialty polymers, and their applications Manas Chanda, Salil K. Roy
title_fullStr	Industrial polymers, specialty polymers, and their applications Manas Chanda, Salil K. Roy
title_full_unstemmed	Industrial polymers, specialty polymers, and their applications Manas Chanda, Salil K. Roy
title_short	Industrial polymers, specialty polymers, and their applications
title_sort	industrial polymers specialty polymers and their applications
topic	Polymers Polymers Industrial applications
topic_facet	Polymers Polymers Industrial applications
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016807850&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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work_keys_str_mv	AT chandamanas industrialpolymersspecialtypolymersandtheirapplications AT roysalilk industrialpolymersspecialtypolymersandtheirapplications

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