Distal Impact Ejecta Layers: A Record of Large Impacts in Sediment Deposits
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Heidelberg [u.a.]
Springer
2013
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| Schriftenreihe: | Impact Studies
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 716 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9783540882619 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Glass, Billy P. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Distal Impact Ejecta Layers |b A Record of Large Impacts in Sediment Deposits |c Billy P. Glass ; Bruce M. Simonson |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138111913951232 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS: FORMATION AND NOMENCLATURE 6
1.3 IMPORTANCE OF DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS 10
1.4 OBJECTIVES 13
2 IMPACT CRATER FORMATION, SHOCK METAMORPHISM, AND DISTRIBUTION O F
IMPACT EJECTA 15
2.1 INTRODUCTION 15
2.2 IMPACT CRATERING 15
2.2.1 ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS 15
2.2.2 IMPACT CRATER FORMATION 16
2.2.3 SIMPLE CRATERS, COMPLEX CRATERS, AND MULTI-RING BASINS 22
2.3 SHOCK METAMORPHISM 23
2.3.1 VAPORIZATION AND MELTING 26
2.3.2 SHOCK-INDUCED DECOMPOSITION OR DISSOCIATION 28
2.3.3 PHASE TRANSFORMATION: HIGH-PRESSURE PHASES 31
2.3.4 MICROSCOPIC SHOCK-DEFORMATION FEATURES 44
2.3.5 MEGASCOPIC SHOCK-DEFORMATION FEATURES: SHATTER CONES 61
2.3.6 STAGES OF SHOCK METAMORPHISM 62
2.4 EJECTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF EJECTA 64
2.5 NUMERICAL MODELING O F THE CRATERING PROCESS 69
2.6 VARIATIONS IN EJECTA WITH DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE CRATER 7 0
2.7 COMPLICATIONS 71
2.7.1 EFFECTS O F EARTH S ROTATION AND ATMOSPHERE ON TRANSPORT AND
DISTRIBUTION O F DISTAL EJECTA FROM LARGE IMPACTS 71
IX
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/990357910
IMAGE 2
X CONTENTS
2.7.2 LOBATE AND RAY-LIKE EJECTA PATTERNS 73
2.7.3 REWORKING OF DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA BY IMPACT-PRODUCED TSUNAMIS 73
3 DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS: RECOGNITION, CONFIRMATION, DATING, AND
DETERMINING SOURCE CRATERS 77
3.1 RECOGNITION O F POSSIBLE DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 77
3.1.1 STRATIGRAPHY/LITHOLOGY 77
3.1.2 GEOCHEMISTRY 79
3.2 CONFIRMATION OF IMPACT ORIGIN FOR A SUSPECTED DISTAL IMPACT/SPHERULE
LAYER 91
3.2.1 IMPACT SPHERULES AND THEIR IDENTIFICATION 92
3.2.2 SHOCK METAMORPHISM 118
3.3 DATING AND CORRELATION O F DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS 120
3.3.1 STRATIGRAPHY 120
3.3.2 RADIOMETRIC DATING 122
3.4 SEARCH FOR SOURCE CRATERS OF DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 126
3.4.1 AGE O F THE SOURCE CRATER 127
3.4.2 NATURE O F THE TARGET ROCK 127
3.4.3 SIZE O F AND DISTANCE TO SOURCE CRATER 130
3.5 EXAMPLES OF SPHERULES MISIDENTIFIED AS IMPACT SPHERULES 133
4 CENOZOIC MICROTEKTITE/EJECTA LAYERS 137
4.1 INTRODUCTION 137
4.1.1 BACKGROUND 137
4.1.2 TEKTITES AND TEKTITE STREWN FIELDS 138
4.2 THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITE LAYER 149
4.2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITES 149
4.2.2 COMPOSITION OF THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITES 154
4.2.3 AGE 155
4.2.4 GEOGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE 157
4.2.5 NATURE O F THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITE LAYER 159
4.2.6 IRIDIUM ANOMALY ASSOCIATED WITH THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITE
LAYER 160
4.2.7 UNMELTED EJECTA IN THE MICROTEKTITE LAYER 161
4.2.8 TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAIN MICROTEKTITES 161
4.2.9 GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS WITHIN THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITE STREWN
FIELD 165
4.2.10 PARENT ROCKS AND ESTIMATED LOCATION AND SIZE OF THE SOURCE CRATER
168
4.3 THE IVORY COAST MICROTEKTITE LAYER 170
4.3.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE IVORY COAST MICROTEKTITES 170
4.3.2 COMPOSITION 171
4.3.3 AGE 173
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS X 1
4.3.4 THE IVORY COAST STREWN FIELD 173
4.3.5 THE SOURCE CRATER: BOSUMTWI 174
4.4 THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN TEKTITE STREWN FIELD 178
4.5 THE NORTH AMERICAN MICROTEKTITE LAYER 180
4.5.1 INTRODUCTION 180
4.5.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MICROTEKTITES 181
4.5.3 COMPOSITION 182
4.5.4 AGE 184
4.5.5 GEOGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE 184
4.5.6 RELATIONSHIP TO THE CLINOPYROXENE-BEARING SPHERULE LAYER 184
4.5.7 UNMELTED, SHOCK-METAMORPHOSED EJECTA ASSOCIATED WITH THE NORTH
AMERICAN MICROTEKTITE LAYER 187
4.5.8 GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION WITHIN THE NORTH AMERICAN STREWN FIELD 188
4.5.9 THE SOURCE CRATER: CHESAPEAKE BAY 189
4.6 THE CLINOPYROXENE-BEARING SPHERULE LAYER 190
4.6.1 INTRODUCTION 190
4.6.2 DESCRIPTION OF CPX SPHERULES 192
4.6.3 COMPOSITION 196
4.6.4 THE NUMBER OF UPPER EOCENE SPHERULE LAYERS 197
4.6.5 AGE OF THE CPX SPHERULE LAYER 202
4.6.6 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION O F CPX SPHERULES 202
4.6.7 ASSOCIATED IR ANOMALY AND SHOCK-METAMORPHOSED GRAINS 203
4.6.8 NATURE O F THE TARGET ROCK: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SR-ND
ISOTOPIC DATA 205
4.6.9 POPIGAI: THE SOURCE CRATER 208
4.6.10 METEORITIC CONTAMINATION AND PROJECTILE IDENTIFICATION 208
4.6.11 GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS WITHIN AND RAY-LIKE NATURE OF THE CPX
SPHERULE STREWN FIELD 210
4.6.12 FORMATION OF CPX SPHERULES 211
4.6.13 ASSOCIATED CLIMATIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHANGES 212
4.7 ADDITIONAL PROBABLE CENOZOIC DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 214
4.7.1 NORTH PACIFIC MICROTEKTITES 215
4.7.2 EARLY PLIOCENE (4.6-12.1 MA) TASMAN RISE MICROTEKTITES 217
4.7.3 PALEOCENE NUUSSUAQ SPHERULE BED 218
4.8 DISTAL IMPACT GLASSES NOT FOUND IN STRATIGRAPHIC LAYERS 221
4.8.1 GUATEMALAN (TIKAL) TEKTITES (0.8 MA) 221
4.8.2 DARWIN GLASS 223
4.8.3 SOUTH-URAL GLASS 226
4.8.4 HIGH NA/K AUSTRALITES 226
IMAGE 4
XII CONTENTS
4.8.5 LIBYAN DESERT GLASS 227
4.8.6 URENGOITES 230
4.9 OTHER PROPOSED CENOZOIC DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 231
4.9.1 YOUNGER DRYAS IMPACT LAYER 231
4.9.2 LATE PLIOCENE EJECTA IN THE ROSS SEA, ANTARCTICA . . . 233
4.9.3 THE PALEOCENE-EOCENE EVENT 233
4.10 MISCELLANEOUS 235
4.10.1 ARGENTINE IMPACT GLASSES 235
4.10.2 METEORITIC DUST LAYERS IN ANTARCTIC ICE 238
4.10.3 THE ELTANIN EVENT 241
5 MESOZOIC SPHERULE/IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS 245
5.1 INTRODUCTION 245
5.2 CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY (K-T) BOUNDARY IMPACT EJECTA LAYER 245
5.2.1 INTRODUCTION 245
5.2.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE K-T BOUNDARY LAYER 246
5.2.3 EVIDENCE FOR AN IMPACT ORIGIN 260
5.2.4 RADIOMETRIC AGE O F THE CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY (K-T) BOUNDARY LAYER
286
5.2.5 MULTIPLE IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS IN LATE MAASTRICHTIAN AND EARLY
DANIAN DEPOSITS? 287
5.2.6 THE K-T BOUNDARY SOURCE CRATER: CHICXULUB 289
5.2.7 VARIATIONS IN NATURE OF THE K-T BOUNDARY LAYER WITH DISTANCE FROM
CHICXULUB 293
5.2.8 NATURE OF THE K-T BOUNDARY (CHICXULUB) PROJECTILE. . . 299 5.2.9
THE K-T (CHICXULUB) IMPACT AS THE CAUSE O F THE TERMINAL CRETACEOUS MASS
EXTINCTION 300
5.3 DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA FROM THE MANSON IMPACT STRUCTURE 307
5.3.1 MANSON IMPACT STRUCTURE 307
5.3.2 DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA FROM THE MANSON IMPACT STRUCTURE 308
5.4 LATE TRIASSIC IMPACT EJECTA LAYER 311
5.5 TRIASSIC-JURASSIC BOUNDARY IMPACT? 316
6 PALEOZOIC IMPACT SPHERULE/EJECTA LAYERS 321
6.1 INTRODUCTION 321
6.2 LATE DEVONIAN SPHERULE/EJECTA LAYERS 324
6.2.1 INTRODUCTION 324
6.2.2 THE QIDONG SILICATE GLASS SPHERULE LAYER 324
6.2.3 EVIDENCE FOR AN IMPACT EJECTA LAYER NEAR THE FRASNIAN-FAMENNIAN
BOUNDARY 330
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS
X U I
6.3 PROPOSED, BUT NOT ACCEPTED DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 345
6.3.1 PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY (PTB) 345
6.3.2 POSSIBLE DEVONIAN-CARBONIFEROUS BOUNDARY DISTAL EJECTA LAYER 361
6.3.3 MIDDLE DEVONIAN (EIFELIAN-GIVETIAN BOUNDARY) EJECTA LAYER? 363
6.4 ALAMO BRECCIA DEPOSITS 366
6.4.1 INTRODUCTION 366
6.4.2 CRATER SIZE AND LOCATION 367
6.4.3 DISTAL EJECTA DEPOSITS 368
7 PROTEROZOIC IMPACT SPHERULE/EJECTA LAYERS YOUNGER THAN 2.4 GA 371
7.1 INTRODUCTION 371
7.1.1 STRATIGRAPHIC SUBDIVISION OF THE PRECAMBRIAN 371
7.1.2 SECULAR VARIATION IN PRECAMBRIAN EJECTA LAYERS 372
7.2 ACRAMAN EJECTA LAYER (NEOPROTEROZOIC, SOUTH AUSTRALIA) 375
7.2.1 DESCRIPTION O F LAYER 375
7.2.2 RADIOMETRIC AGE 378
7.2.3 EVIDENCE OF IMPACT ORIGIN AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL COMPONENT 380
7.2.4 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION 384
7.2.5 EVIDENCE THAT THE ACRAMAN IMPACT STRUCTURE IS THE SOURCE CRATER
387
7.2.6 POSSIBLE LINKS TO BIOLOGIC CHANGES 389
7.3 SUDBURY EJECTA LAYER (PALEOPROTEROZOIC, LAKE SUPERIOR REGION, NORTH
AMERICA) 391
7.3.1 INTRODUCTION 391
7.3.2 DESCRIPTION O F IMPACT EJECTA 394
7.3.3 RADIOMETRIC AGE 398
7.3.4 EVIDENCE OF IMPACT ORIGIN AND SUDBURY AS THE SOURCE CRATER 399
7.3.5 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION 402
7.3.6 POSSIBLE LINKS TO BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES 405
7.4 GRASNSES0 SPHERULE LAYER (PALEOPROTEROZOIC, SOUTH GREENLAND). . .
407 7.4.1 INTRODUCTION 407
7.4.2 DESCRIPTION O F LAYER AND SPHERULES 409
7.4.3 RADIOMETRIC AGE 415
7.4.4 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION 415
7.4.5 EVIDENCE OF IMPACT ORIGIN 415
7.4.6 CONSTRAINTS ON POTENTIAL SOURCE CRATER 417
7.4.7 POSSIBLE LINKS TO BIOLOGIC AND CLIMATIC CHANGES . . . . 418
IMAGE 6
XIV CONTENTS
8 SPHERULE LAYERS NEAR THE ARCHEAN-PROTEROZOIC BOUNDARY 419
8.1 INTRODUCTION 419
8.2 ARCHEAN-PROTEROZOIC BOUNDARY SPHERULE LAYERS IN AUSTRALIA . . . 419
8.2.1 INTRODUCTION 419
8.2.2 DALES GORGE SPHERULE LAYER 422
8.2.3 BEE GORGE SPHERULE LAYER, WITTENOOM FORMATION. . . . 435 8.2.4
PARABURDOO SPHERULE LAYER, WITTENOOM FORMATION . . . 445 8.2.5 CARAWINE
SPHERULE LAYER 452
8.2.6 JEERINAH SPHERULE LAYER 461
8.3 ARCHEAN-PROTEROZOIC BOUNDARY SPHERULE LAYERS IN SOUTH AFRICA 470
8.3.1 INTRODUCTION 470
8.3.2 KURUMAN SPHERULE LAYER 472
8.3.3 REIVILO SPHERULE LAYER 477
8.3.4 MONTEVILLE SPHERULE LAYER 483
8.4 CORRELATIONS AMONG ARCHEAN-PROTEROZOIC BOUNDARY SPHERULE LAYERS 491
8.4.1 CORRELATIONS WITHIN THE HAMERSLEY BASIN 491
8.4.2 CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE HAMERSLEY AND GRIQUALAND WEST BASINS 494
9 PALEOARCHEAN SPHERULE LAYERS 499
9.1 INTRODUCTION: THE ARCHEAN STRATIGRAPHIC RECORD 499
9.2 SPHERULE LAYERS IN THE BARBERTON GREENSTONE BELT 503
9.2.1 THE S4 LAYER 503
9.2.2 THE S3 LAYER 510
9.2.3 THE S2 LAYER 520
9.2.4 THE S1 LAYER 524
9.3 SPHERULE LAYER(S) IN EAST PILBARA TERRANE 527
9.3.1 WARRAWOONA SPHERULE LAYER 527
9.3.2 POSSIBLE ADDITIONAL LAYER(S) 531
10 MODELING VARIATIONS IN DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA/SPHERULE LAYERS THROUGH
SPACE AND TIME 533
10.1 VARIATION IN DISTAL EJECTA WITH DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE CRATER 533
10.1.1 SUMMARY OF THEORETICAL, EXPERIMENTAL, AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES
533
10.1.2 SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN PHANEROZOIC DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 536
10.2 VARIATION IN DISTAL EJECTA WITH DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE CRATER: A
PRELIMINARY MODEL 566
10.3 USING THE MODEL TO STUDY OTHER DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS . . .
570 10.3.1 THE MIDDLE PALEOCENE NUUSSUAQ SPHERULE BED 571
IMAGE 7
CONTENTS X V
10.3.2 THE K-T BOUNDARY LAYER 571
10.3.3 THE MANSON IMPACT EJECTA LAYER 572
10.3.4 THE LATE TRIASSIC SPHERULE LAYER 573
10.3.5 LATE DEVONIAN QIDONG SPHERULE LAYER 576
10.3.6 LATE DEVONIAN BELGIAN SPHERULE LAYER 577
10.3.7 ACRAMAN IMPACT EJECTA 584
10.3.8 SUDBURY IMPACT EJECTA 585
10.3.9 THE GRANSES0 (GREENLAND) SPHERULE/EJECTA LAYER . . . . 587
10.3.10 THE EARLY PALEOPROTEROZOIC DALES GORGE SPHERULE LAYER 588
10.3.11 THE NEOARCHEAN BEE GORGE SPHERULE LAYER 590
10.3.12 PALEOARCHEAN SPHERULE LAYERS 591
10.4 SECULAR VARIATIONS IN DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS: IMPLICATIONS 592
11 DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS AND EARTH HISTORY 595
11.1 KNOWN DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS 595
11.1.1 PRESERVATION OF DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS 596
11.2 DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS: SOME GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS. . . .
602 11.2.1 BIOTURBATION STUDIES 602
11.2.2 THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITE LAYER, THE B-M REVERSAL, AND PDRM
602
11.2.3 TIME-STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION 603
11.2.4 CRATERINGLVIECHANICS AND PLUME CONDITIONS 604
11.3 DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS AND EARTH HISTORY 605
11.3.1 TERRESTRIAL CRATERING HISTORY 605
11.3.2 IMPACTS, CLIMATE, AND LIFE 608
11.3.3 OCEANIC/CONTINENTAL CRUST 610
11.3.4 IMPACTS AND VOLCANISM/TECTONICS 611
11.3.5 OCEAN COMPOSITION AND ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN CONTENT 613
11.4 UNANSWERED QUESTIONS AND FUTURE STUDIES 614
11.5 SYNOPSIS 619
APPENDIX A: RECOVERY O F EJECTA MATERIAL FROM CONFIRMED, PROBABLE, OR
POSSIBLE DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 625
REFERENCES 64 1
INDEX 707
|
| adam_txt |
IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS: FORMATION AND NOMENCLATURE 6
1.3 IMPORTANCE OF DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS 10
1.4 OBJECTIVES 13
2 IMPACT CRATER FORMATION, SHOCK METAMORPHISM, AND DISTRIBUTION O F
IMPACT EJECTA 15
2.1 INTRODUCTION 15
2.2 IMPACT CRATERING 15
2.2.1 ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS 15
2.2.2 IMPACT CRATER FORMATION 16
2.2.3 SIMPLE CRATERS, COMPLEX CRATERS, AND MULTI-RING BASINS 22
2.3 SHOCK METAMORPHISM 23
2.3.1 VAPORIZATION AND MELTING 26
2.3.2 SHOCK-INDUCED DECOMPOSITION OR DISSOCIATION 28
2.3.3 PHASE TRANSFORMATION: HIGH-PRESSURE PHASES 31
2.3.4 MICROSCOPIC SHOCK-DEFORMATION FEATURES 44
2.3.5 MEGASCOPIC SHOCK-DEFORMATION FEATURES: SHATTER CONES 61
2.3.6 STAGES OF SHOCK METAMORPHISM 62
2.4 EJECTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF EJECTA 64
2.5 NUMERICAL MODELING O F THE CRATERING PROCESS 69
2.6 VARIATIONS IN EJECTA WITH DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE CRATER 7 0
2.7 COMPLICATIONS 71
2.7.1 EFFECTS O F EARTH'S ROTATION AND ATMOSPHERE ON TRANSPORT AND
DISTRIBUTION O F DISTAL EJECTA FROM LARGE IMPACTS 71
IX
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IMAGE 2
X CONTENTS
2.7.2 LOBATE AND RAY-LIKE EJECTA PATTERNS 73
2.7.3 REWORKING OF DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA BY IMPACT-PRODUCED TSUNAMIS 73
3 DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS: RECOGNITION, CONFIRMATION, DATING, AND
DETERMINING SOURCE CRATERS 77
3.1 RECOGNITION O F POSSIBLE DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 77
3.1.1 STRATIGRAPHY/LITHOLOGY 77
3.1.2 GEOCHEMISTRY 79
3.2 CONFIRMATION OF IMPACT ORIGIN FOR A SUSPECTED DISTAL IMPACT/SPHERULE
LAYER 91
3.2.1 IMPACT SPHERULES AND THEIR IDENTIFICATION 92
3.2.2 SHOCK METAMORPHISM 118
3.3 DATING AND CORRELATION O F DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS 120
3.3.1 STRATIGRAPHY 120
3.3.2 RADIOMETRIC DATING 122
3.4 SEARCH FOR SOURCE CRATERS OF DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 126
3.4.1 AGE O F THE SOURCE CRATER 127
3.4.2 NATURE O F THE TARGET ROCK 127
3.4.3 SIZE O F AND DISTANCE TO SOURCE CRATER 130
3.5 EXAMPLES OF SPHERULES MISIDENTIFIED AS IMPACT SPHERULES 133
4 CENOZOIC MICROTEKTITE/EJECTA LAYERS 137
4.1 INTRODUCTION 137
4.1.1 BACKGROUND 137
4.1.2 TEKTITES AND TEKTITE STREWN FIELDS 138
4.2 THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITE LAYER 149
4.2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITES 149
4.2.2 COMPOSITION OF THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITES 154
4.2.3 AGE 155
4.2.4 GEOGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE 157
4.2.5 NATURE O F THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITE LAYER 159
4.2.6 IRIDIUM ANOMALY ASSOCIATED WITH THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITE
LAYER 160
4.2.7 UNMELTED EJECTA IN THE MICROTEKTITE LAYER 161
4.2.8 TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAIN MICROTEKTITES 161
4.2.9 GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS WITHIN THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITE STREWN
FIELD 165
4.2.10 PARENT ROCKS AND ESTIMATED LOCATION AND SIZE OF THE SOURCE CRATER
168
4.3 THE IVORY COAST MICROTEKTITE LAYER 170
4.3.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE IVORY COAST MICROTEKTITES 170
4.3.2 COMPOSITION 171
4.3.3 AGE 173
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS X 1
4.3.4 THE IVORY COAST STREWN FIELD 173
4.3.5 THE SOURCE CRATER: BOSUMTWI 174
4.4 THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN TEKTITE STREWN FIELD 178
4.5 THE NORTH AMERICAN MICROTEKTITE LAYER 180
4.5.1 INTRODUCTION 180
4.5.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MICROTEKTITES 181
4.5.3 COMPOSITION 182
4.5.4 AGE 184
4.5.5 GEOGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE 184
4.5.6 RELATIONSHIP TO THE CLINOPYROXENE-BEARING SPHERULE LAYER 184
4.5.7 UNMELTED, SHOCK-METAMORPHOSED EJECTA ASSOCIATED WITH THE NORTH
AMERICAN MICROTEKTITE LAYER 187
4.5.8 GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION WITHIN THE NORTH AMERICAN STREWN FIELD 188
4.5.9 THE SOURCE CRATER: CHESAPEAKE BAY 189
4.6 THE CLINOPYROXENE-BEARING SPHERULE LAYER 190
4.6.1 INTRODUCTION 190
4.6.2 DESCRIPTION OF CPX SPHERULES 192
4.6.3 COMPOSITION 196
4.6.4 THE NUMBER OF UPPER EOCENE SPHERULE LAYERS 197
4.6.5 AGE OF THE CPX SPHERULE LAYER 202
4.6.6 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION O F CPX SPHERULES 202
4.6.7 ASSOCIATED IR ANOMALY AND SHOCK-METAMORPHOSED GRAINS 203
4.6.8 NATURE O F THE TARGET ROCK: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SR-ND
ISOTOPIC DATA 205
4.6.9 POPIGAI: THE SOURCE CRATER 208
4.6.10 METEORITIC CONTAMINATION AND PROJECTILE IDENTIFICATION 208
4.6.11 GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS WITHIN AND RAY-LIKE NATURE OF THE CPX
SPHERULE STREWN FIELD 210
4.6.12 FORMATION OF CPX SPHERULES 211
4.6.13 ASSOCIATED CLIMATIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHANGES 212
4.7 ADDITIONAL PROBABLE CENOZOIC DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 214
4.7.1 NORTH PACIFIC MICROTEKTITES 215
4.7.2 EARLY PLIOCENE (4.6-12.1 MA) TASMAN RISE MICROTEKTITES 217
4.7.3 PALEOCENE NUUSSUAQ SPHERULE BED 218
4.8 DISTAL IMPACT GLASSES NOT FOUND IN STRATIGRAPHIC LAYERS 221
4.8.1 GUATEMALAN (TIKAL) TEKTITES (0.8 MA) 221
4.8.2 DARWIN GLASS 223
4.8.3 SOUTH-URAL GLASS 226
4.8.4 HIGH NA/K "AUSTRALITES" 226
IMAGE 4
XII CONTENTS
4.8.5 LIBYAN DESERT GLASS 227
4.8.6 URENGOITES 230
4.9 OTHER PROPOSED CENOZOIC DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 231
4.9.1 YOUNGER DRYAS "IMPACT" LAYER 231
4.9.2 LATE PLIOCENE "EJECTA" IN THE ROSS SEA, ANTARCTICA . . . 233
4.9.3 THE PALEOCENE-EOCENE EVENT 233
4.10 MISCELLANEOUS 235
4.10.1 ARGENTINE IMPACT GLASSES 235
4.10.2 METEORITIC DUST LAYERS IN ANTARCTIC ICE 238
4.10.3 THE ELTANIN EVENT 241
5 MESOZOIC SPHERULE/IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS 245
5.1 INTRODUCTION 245
5.2 CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY (K-T) BOUNDARY IMPACT EJECTA LAYER 245
5.2.1 INTRODUCTION 245
5.2.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE K-T BOUNDARY LAYER 246
5.2.3 EVIDENCE FOR AN IMPACT ORIGIN 260
5.2.4 RADIOMETRIC AGE O F THE CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY (K-T) BOUNDARY LAYER
286
5.2.5 MULTIPLE IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS IN LATE MAASTRICHTIAN AND EARLY
DANIAN DEPOSITS? 287
5.2.6 THE K-T BOUNDARY SOURCE CRATER: CHICXULUB 289
5.2.7 VARIATIONS IN NATURE OF THE K-T BOUNDARY LAYER WITH DISTANCE FROM
CHICXULUB 293
5.2.8 NATURE OF THE K-T BOUNDARY (CHICXULUB) PROJECTILE. . . 299 5.2.9
THE K-T (CHICXULUB) IMPACT AS THE CAUSE O F THE TERMINAL CRETACEOUS MASS
EXTINCTION 300
5.3 DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA FROM THE MANSON IMPACT STRUCTURE 307
5.3.1 MANSON IMPACT STRUCTURE 307
5.3.2 DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA FROM THE MANSON IMPACT STRUCTURE 308
5.4 LATE TRIASSIC IMPACT EJECTA LAYER 311
5.5 TRIASSIC-JURASSIC BOUNDARY IMPACT? 316
6 PALEOZOIC IMPACT SPHERULE/EJECTA LAYERS 321
6.1 INTRODUCTION 321
6.2 LATE DEVONIAN SPHERULE/EJECTA LAYERS 324
6.2.1 INTRODUCTION 324
6.2.2 THE QIDONG SILICATE GLASS SPHERULE LAYER 324
6.2.3 EVIDENCE FOR AN IMPACT EJECTA LAYER NEAR THE FRASNIAN-FAMENNIAN
BOUNDARY 330
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS
X U I
6.3 PROPOSED, BUT NOT ACCEPTED DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 345
6.3.1 PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY (PTB) 345
6.3.2 POSSIBLE DEVONIAN-CARBONIFEROUS BOUNDARY DISTAL EJECTA LAYER 361
6.3.3 MIDDLE DEVONIAN (EIFELIAN-GIVETIAN BOUNDARY) EJECTA LAYER? 363
6.4 ALAMO BRECCIA DEPOSITS 366
6.4.1 INTRODUCTION 366
6.4.2 CRATER SIZE AND LOCATION 367
6.4.3 DISTAL EJECTA DEPOSITS 368
7 PROTEROZOIC IMPACT SPHERULE/EJECTA LAYERS YOUNGER THAN 2.4 GA 371
7.1 INTRODUCTION 371
7.1.1 STRATIGRAPHIC SUBDIVISION OF THE PRECAMBRIAN 371
7.1.2 SECULAR VARIATION IN PRECAMBRIAN EJECTA LAYERS 372
7.2 ACRAMAN EJECTA LAYER (NEOPROTEROZOIC, SOUTH AUSTRALIA) 375
7.2.1 DESCRIPTION O F LAYER 375
7.2.2 RADIOMETRIC AGE 378
7.2.3 EVIDENCE OF IMPACT ORIGIN AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL COMPONENT 380
7.2.4 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION 384
7.2.5 EVIDENCE THAT THE ACRAMAN IMPACT STRUCTURE IS THE SOURCE CRATER
387
7.2.6 POSSIBLE LINKS TO BIOLOGIC CHANGES 389
7.3 SUDBURY EJECTA LAYER (PALEOPROTEROZOIC, LAKE SUPERIOR REGION, NORTH
AMERICA) 391
7.3.1 INTRODUCTION 391
7.3.2 DESCRIPTION O F IMPACT EJECTA 394
7.3.3 RADIOMETRIC AGE 398
7.3.4 EVIDENCE OF IMPACT ORIGIN AND SUDBURY AS THE SOURCE CRATER 399
7.3.5 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION 402
7.3.6 POSSIBLE LINKS TO BIOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES 405
7.4 GRASNSES0 SPHERULE LAYER (PALEOPROTEROZOIC, SOUTH GREENLAND). . .
407 7.4.1 INTRODUCTION 407
7.4.2 DESCRIPTION O F LAYER AND SPHERULES 409
7.4.3 RADIOMETRIC AGE 415
7.4.4 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION 415
7.4.5 EVIDENCE OF IMPACT ORIGIN 415
7.4.6 CONSTRAINTS ON POTENTIAL SOURCE CRATER 417
7.4.7 POSSIBLE LINKS TO BIOLOGIC AND CLIMATIC CHANGES . . . . 418
IMAGE 6
XIV CONTENTS
8 SPHERULE LAYERS NEAR THE ARCHEAN-PROTEROZOIC BOUNDARY 419
8.1 INTRODUCTION 419
8.2 ARCHEAN-PROTEROZOIC BOUNDARY SPHERULE LAYERS IN AUSTRALIA . . . 419
8.2.1 INTRODUCTION 419
8.2.2 DALES GORGE SPHERULE LAYER 422
8.2.3 BEE GORGE SPHERULE LAYER, WITTENOOM FORMATION. . . . 435 8.2.4
PARABURDOO SPHERULE LAYER, WITTENOOM FORMATION . . . 445 8.2.5 CARAWINE
SPHERULE LAYER 452
8.2.6 JEERINAH SPHERULE LAYER 461
8.3 ARCHEAN-PROTEROZOIC BOUNDARY SPHERULE LAYERS IN SOUTH AFRICA 470
8.3.1 INTRODUCTION 470
8.3.2 KURUMAN SPHERULE LAYER 472
8.3.3 REIVILO SPHERULE LAYER 477
8.3.4 MONTEVILLE SPHERULE LAYER 483
8.4 CORRELATIONS AMONG ARCHEAN-PROTEROZOIC BOUNDARY SPHERULE LAYERS 491
8.4.1 CORRELATIONS WITHIN THE HAMERSLEY BASIN 491
8.4.2 CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE HAMERSLEY AND GRIQUALAND WEST BASINS 494
9 PALEOARCHEAN SPHERULE LAYERS 499
9.1 INTRODUCTION: THE ARCHEAN STRATIGRAPHIC RECORD 499
9.2 SPHERULE LAYERS IN THE BARBERTON GREENSTONE BELT 503
9.2.1 THE S4 LAYER 503
9.2.2 THE S3 LAYER 510
9.2.3 THE S2 LAYER 520
9.2.4 THE S1 LAYER 524
9.3 SPHERULE LAYER(S) IN EAST PILBARA TERRANE 527
9.3.1 WARRAWOONA SPHERULE LAYER 527
9.3.2 POSSIBLE ADDITIONAL LAYER(S) 531
10 MODELING VARIATIONS IN DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA/SPHERULE LAYERS THROUGH
SPACE AND TIME 533
10.1 VARIATION IN DISTAL EJECTA WITH DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE CRATER 533
10.1.1 SUMMARY OF THEORETICAL, EXPERIMENTAL, AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES
533
10.1.2 SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN PHANEROZOIC DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 536
10.2 VARIATION IN DISTAL EJECTA WITH DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE CRATER: A
PRELIMINARY MODEL 566
10.3 USING THE MODEL TO STUDY OTHER DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS . . .
570 10.3.1 THE MIDDLE PALEOCENE NUUSSUAQ SPHERULE BED 571
IMAGE 7
CONTENTS X V
10.3.2 THE K-T BOUNDARY LAYER 571
10.3.3 THE MANSON IMPACT EJECTA LAYER 572
10.3.4 THE LATE TRIASSIC SPHERULE LAYER 573
10.3.5 LATE DEVONIAN QIDONG SPHERULE LAYER 576
10.3.6 LATE DEVONIAN BELGIAN SPHERULE LAYER 577
10.3.7 ACRAMAN IMPACT EJECTA 584
10.3.8 SUDBURY IMPACT EJECTA 585
10.3.9 THE GRANSES0 (GREENLAND) SPHERULE/EJECTA LAYER . . . . 587
10.3.10 THE EARLY PALEOPROTEROZOIC DALES GORGE SPHERULE LAYER 588
10.3.11 THE NEOARCHEAN BEE GORGE SPHERULE LAYER 590
10.3.12 PALEOARCHEAN SPHERULE LAYERS 591
10.4 SECULAR VARIATIONS IN DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS: IMPLICATIONS 592
11 DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS AND EARTH HISTORY 595
11.1 KNOWN DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS 595
11.1.1 PRESERVATION OF DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS 596
11.2 DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS: SOME GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS. . . .
602 11.2.1 BIOTURBATION STUDIES 602
11.2.2 THE AUSTRALASIAN MICROTEKTITE LAYER, THE B-M REVERSAL, AND PDRM
602
11.2.3 TIME-STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION 603
11.2.4 CRATERINGLVIECHANICS AND PLUME CONDITIONS 604
11.3 DISTAL IMPACT EJECTA LAYERS AND EARTH HISTORY 605
11.3.1 TERRESTRIAL CRATERING HISTORY 605
11.3.2 IMPACTS, CLIMATE, AND LIFE 608
11.3.3 OCEANIC/CONTINENTAL CRUST 610
11.3.4 IMPACTS AND VOLCANISM/TECTONICS 611
11.3.5 OCEAN COMPOSITION AND ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN CONTENT 613
11.4 UNANSWERED QUESTIONS AND FUTURE STUDIES 614
11.5 SYNOPSIS 619
APPENDIX A: RECOVERY O F EJECTA MATERIAL FROM CONFIRMED, PROBABLE, OR
POSSIBLE DISTAL EJECTA LAYERS 625
REFERENCES 64 1
INDEX 707 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Glass, Billy P. Simonson, Bruce M. |
| author_facet | Glass, Billy P. Simonson, Bruce M. |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Glass, Billy P. |
| author_variant | b p g bp bpg b m s bm bms |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035129922 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)475373549 (DE-599)DNB990357910 |
| dewey-full | 551.397 551.39 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 551 - Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| dewey-raw | 551.397 551.39 |
| dewey-search | 551.397 551.39 |
| dewey-sort | 3551.397 |
| dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
| discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Geologie / Paläontologie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV035129922 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:24:23Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:23:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783540882619 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016797436 |
| oclc_num | 475373549 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-B16 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-B16 |
| physical | XV, 716 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Impact Studies |
| spelling | Glass, Billy P. Verfasser aut Distal Impact Ejecta Layers A Record of Large Impacts in Sediment Deposits Billy P. Glass ; Bruce M. Simonson Heidelberg [u.a.] Springer 2013 XV, 716 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Impact Studies Cratering Cryptoexplosion structures Geology, Stratigraphic Sediments (Geology) Sedimentologie (DE-588)4121648-9 gnd rswk-swf Impaktmetamorphes Gestein (DE-588)4229076-4 gnd rswk-swf Meteoritenkrater (DE-588)4038951-0 gnd rswk-swf Ejektadecke (DE-588)1033291579 gnd rswk-swf Impaktit (DE-588)4341183-6 gnd rswk-swf Formation Geologie (DE-588)4155003-1 gnd rswk-swf Historische Geologie (DE-588)4025104-4 gnd rswk-swf Stratigraphie (DE-588)4057956-6 gnd rswk-swf Ejektadecke (DE-588)1033291579 s Stratigraphie (DE-588)4057956-6 s DE-604 Meteoritenkrater (DE-588)4038951-0 s Historische Geologie (DE-588)4025104-4 s Impaktit (DE-588)4341183-6 s Sedimentologie (DE-588)4121648-9 s 1\p DE-604 Formation Geologie (DE-588)4155003-1 s Impaktmetamorphes Gestein (DE-588)4229076-4 s 2\p DE-604 Simonson, Bruce M. Verfasser aut DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016797436&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Glass, Billy P. Simonson, Bruce M. Distal Impact Ejecta Layers A Record of Large Impacts in Sediment Deposits Cratering Cryptoexplosion structures Geology, Stratigraphic Sediments (Geology) Sedimentologie (DE-588)4121648-9 gnd Impaktmetamorphes Gestein (DE-588)4229076-4 gnd Meteoritenkrater (DE-588)4038951-0 gnd Ejektadecke (DE-588)1033291579 gnd Impaktit (DE-588)4341183-6 gnd Formation Geologie (DE-588)4155003-1 gnd Historische Geologie (DE-588)4025104-4 gnd Stratigraphie (DE-588)4057956-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4121648-9 (DE-588)4229076-4 (DE-588)4038951-0 (DE-588)1033291579 (DE-588)4341183-6 (DE-588)4155003-1 (DE-588)4025104-4 (DE-588)4057956-6 |
| title | Distal Impact Ejecta Layers A Record of Large Impacts in Sediment Deposits |
| title_auth | Distal Impact Ejecta Layers A Record of Large Impacts in Sediment Deposits |
| title_exact_search | Distal Impact Ejecta Layers A Record of Large Impacts in Sediment Deposits |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Distal Impact Ejecta Layers A Record of Large Impacts in Sediment Deposits |
| title_full | Distal Impact Ejecta Layers A Record of Large Impacts in Sediment Deposits Billy P. Glass ; Bruce M. Simonson |
| title_fullStr | Distal Impact Ejecta Layers A Record of Large Impacts in Sediment Deposits Billy P. Glass ; Bruce M. Simonson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distal Impact Ejecta Layers A Record of Large Impacts in Sediment Deposits Billy P. Glass ; Bruce M. Simonson |
| title_short | Distal Impact Ejecta Layers |
| title_sort | distal impact ejecta layers a record of large impacts in sediment deposits |
| title_sub | A Record of Large Impacts in Sediment Deposits |
| topic | Cratering Cryptoexplosion structures Geology, Stratigraphic Sediments (Geology) Sedimentologie (DE-588)4121648-9 gnd Impaktmetamorphes Gestein (DE-588)4229076-4 gnd Meteoritenkrater (DE-588)4038951-0 gnd Ejektadecke (DE-588)1033291579 gnd Impaktit (DE-588)4341183-6 gnd Formation Geologie (DE-588)4155003-1 gnd Historische Geologie (DE-588)4025104-4 gnd Stratigraphie (DE-588)4057956-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Cratering Cryptoexplosion structures Geology, Stratigraphic Sediments (Geology) Sedimentologie Impaktmetamorphes Gestein Meteoritenkrater Ejektadecke Impaktit Formation Geologie Historische Geologie Stratigraphie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016797436&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT glassbillyp distalimpactejectalayersarecordoflargeimpactsinsedimentdeposits AT simonsonbrucem distalimpactejectalayersarecordoflargeimpactsinsedimentdeposits |