Handbook of the neuroscience of language:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier AP
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 463 S., [8] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780080453521 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Handbook of the neuroscience of language |c [ed. by] Brigitte Stemmer ... |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier AP |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XXV, 463 S., [8] Bl. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Neurolinguistics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Language and languages / Physiological aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Language disorders | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Neurolinguistique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Langage et langues / Aspect physiologique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Langage, Troubles du / Imagerie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Langage et langues - Aspect physiologique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Langage, Troubles du - Imagerie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sprache | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Language and languages |x Physiological aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Language disorders | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Neurolinguistics | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138091726766080 |
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| adam_text | CONTRIBUTORS XVII PREFACE XIX PROLOGUE XXI GUIDO GAINOTTI PART 1.5.1.
ASSESSMENT OF LANGUAGE IN DEMENTIA 8 1.5.2. ASSESSMENT OF LANGUAGE IN
TBI AND RHD 9 1.6. INTERFACE BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND OTHER COGNITIVE
FUNCTIONS 9 1.6.1. WORKING MEMORY, EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS, AND LANGUAGE 9
1.6.2. OBJECT RECOGNITION, SEMANTIC PROCESSING, AND LANGUAGE 10 1.7.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 10 METHODS AND TECHNIQUES 1. CLASSICAL
AND CONTEMPORARY ASSESSMENT OF APHASIA AND ACQUIRED DISORDERS OF
LANGUAGE YVES TURGEON AND JOE! MACOIR . 1. INTRODUCTION 3 .2. NATURE OF
LANGUAGE DEFICITS 4 1.2.!. CLASSIFICATION OF APHASIC SYNDROMES AND
SYMPTOMS 4 1.2.2. PURE LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS 4 .3. THEORETICAL MODELS FOR
THE ASSESSMENT OF LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT 5 1.3.1. THE
CLINICAL-NEUROANATOMICAL APPROACH TO LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT 5 1.3.2.
PSYCHOLINGUISTIC APPROACH TO LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT 5 .4. CLASSICAL TESTS
AND APHASIA ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES 6 1.4.1. BEDSIDE AND SCREENING TESTS 6
1.4.2. COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATIONS AND APHASIA BATTERIES 7 1.4.3.
ASSESSMENT OF SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE 7 1.4.4. ASSESSMENT OF
FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION .5 CLASSICAL TESTS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF
LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS 8 2. THE HYPOTHESIS TESTING
APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF LANGUAGE LYNDSEY NICKELS 2.1. INTRODUCTION
13 2.2. WHAT IS THE HYPOTHESIS TESTING APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT? 13 2.2.1.
HOW DO WE FORM HYPOTHESES? 15 2.2.2. HOW DO WE TEST HYPOTHESES? 16 2.3.
HYPOTHESIS TESTING OF LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT: ASSESSMENT RESOURCES AND
CONSIDERATIONS 16 2.3.1. INTERPRETING SUCCESS AND FAILURE ON A TASK 17
2.3.2. CONVERGING EVIDENCE 17 2.3.3. ASSESSMENT MATERIALS 18 2.4.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 20 2.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 20
APPENDIX - HYPOTHESIS TESTING: A WORKED EXAMPLE 21 3. THE INTRACAROTID
AMOBARBITA! TEST (WADA TEST) AND COMPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES TO EVALUATE
LANGUAGE BEFORE EPILEPSY SURGERY ALEXANDER I. TROSTER AND KIRSTEN R.
MOHN 3.1. INTRODUCTION 23 3.2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 23 VII VLLL
CONTENTS 3.3. CURRENT CLINICAL USE OF THE IAT 24 3.4. RATIONALE
UNDERLYING THE IAT PROCEDURE 24 3.5. COMPONENTS OF THE IAT PROCEDURE 25
3.6. PROBLEMS AND CONSIDERATIONS IN IAT PROTOCOL ADMINISTRATION AND
INTERPRETATION 26 3.6.1. UNILATERAL VERSUS BILATERAL IAT 26 3.6.2. DRUGS
AND ADMINISTRATION METHODS 27 3.6.3. DETERMINATION OF ADEQUACY OF
ANESTHESIA AND TIMING OF STIMULUS PRESENTATION 27 3.6.4. CRITERIA TO
ESTABLISH HEMISPHERIC LANGUAGE DOMINANCE 27 3.7. IAT IN PEDIATRIC
POPULATIONS 28 3.8. VALIDATION AND RELIABILITY STUDIES 28 3.9.
SUPPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR ESTABLISHING LANGUAGE
LATERALIZATION 29 3.10. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 31 4.
ARCHITECTONIC LANGUAGE RESEARCH KATRIN AMUNTS 4.1. INTRODUCTION 33 4.2.
BROCA S REGION 35 4.2.1. CYTOARCHITECTURE OF BA 44 AND 45 36 4.2.2.
LOCALIZATION OF BA 44 AND 45 AND THEIR INTERSUBJECT VARIABILITY 36
4.2.3. RECEPTORARCHITECTURE 38 4.3. WERNICKE S REGION 39 4.4. OTHER
REGIONS INVOLVED IN LANGUAGE 40 4.5. INTERHEMISPHERIC CYTOARCHITECTONIC
DIFFERENCES 40 4.6. CYTOARCHITECTONIC MAPS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE
41 4.7. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 42 5.4. TIME DYNAMICS OF
FRONTO-TEMPORAL ACTIVATIONS 51 5.4.1. INTERACTIONIST VERSUS SERIAL VIEWS
OF PERCEPTION 51 5.4.2. FRONTAL AND TEMPORAL ACTIVITY IN SEMANTIC
PROCESSING 52 5.5. VERTICAL INTEGRATION: COORDINATION OF INTERNAL AND
EXTERNAL CONTEXTS FOR MEANING 53 5.5.1. HEMISPHERIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO
MOOD AND MEANING 53 5.5.2. MEDIAL FRONTAL NETWORKS IN SEMANTIC MEMORY 53
5.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS: LEVELS OF BRAIN, LEVELS OF
LANGUAGE? 53 6. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO COMMON NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES
FRANK A. RODDEN AND BRIGITTE STEMMER 6.1. INTRODUCTION 57 6.2.
ELECTROMAGNETIC FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES 58 6.2.1. THE
EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL TECHNIQUE 59 6.2.2. MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY 60
6.2.3. BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS 60 6.3. HEMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONAL
NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES 60 6.3.1. FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
62 6.3.2. DIFFUSION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING
AND DIFFUSION- WEIGHTED IMAGING 62 6.3.3. POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
63 6.3.4. BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS 64 6.4. REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL
MAGNETIC STIMULATION 64 6.5. NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY 65 6.6.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 66 5. MICROGENESIS OF LANGUAGE:
VERTICAL INTEGRATION OF LINGUISTIC MECHANISMS ACROSS THE NEURAXIS DON M.
TUCKER, GWEN FRISHKOFF AND PHAN LUU 5.1. INTRODUCTION 45 5.1.1. BASIC
PRINCIPLES AND PLAN FOR CHAPTER 45 5.2. PRINCIPLES OF BRAIN STRUCTURE
AND FUNCTION 46 5.2.1. LEVELS OF BRAIN, LEVELS OF REPRESENTATION 46
5.2.2. LANGUAGE ACROSS CORTICOLIMBIC LEVELS 47 5.2.3. ARCHICORTICAL AND
PALEOCORTICAL BASES OF MICROGENESIS 48 5.3. FROM ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE TO
NEUROLINGUISTIC FUNCTION 49 5.3.1. ANATOMY AND FUNCTIONS OF THE MEDIAL
TEMPORAL LOBE 49 PART II NEUROIMAGING OF LANGUAGE 7. PET RESEARCH OF
LANGUAGE BARRY HORWITZ AND RICHARD J.S. WISE 7.1. INTRODUCTION 71 7.2.
PET VERSUS FMRI - SOME METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 7.3. CRUCIAL PET FINDINGS
73 7.3.1. LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION 73 7.3.2. LANGUAGE PRODUCTION 76 7.4.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 78 72 CONTENTS IX RESEARCH OF LANGUAGE
URI HASSON AND STEVEN L. SMALL 8.1. INTRODUCTION 81, 8.2. RECOGNIZING
AUDITORY INPUT AS SPEECH 82 8.3. WORD REPRESENTATION: FORM AND MEANING
83 8.4. FROM WORDS TO SENTENCES: SYNTACTIC PROCESSING 84 8.5. FROM WORDS
TO SENTENCES: SEMANTIC PROCESSING OF SENTENCES 85 8.6. FROM SENTENCES TO
DISCOURSE 86 8.7. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 87 9. EVENT-RELATED
POTENTIALS IN THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE KARSTEN STEINHAUER AND JOHN F.
CONNOLLY 9.1. INTRODUCTION 91 9.2. LANGUAGE-RELATED COMPONENTS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE 92 9.2.1. THE N100: AN EXOGENOUS COMPONENT WITH
LINGUISTIC FUNCTIONS? 92 9.2.2. PRELEXICAL EXPECTATIONS: THE
PHONOLOGICAL MAPPING NEGATIVITY 92 9.2.3. LEXICO-SEMANTIC INTEGRATION:
THE N400 COMPONENT 95 9.2.4. LEFT ANTERIOR NEGATIVITIES (LANS) AND P600S
IN MORPHO-SYNTACTIC PROCESSING 95 9.2.5. EARLY AND OTHER LEFT ANTERIOR
NEGATIVITIES 97 9.2.6. P600/SYNTACTIC POSITIVE SHIFT 99 9.2.7. VERB
ARGUMENT STRUCTURE VIOLATIONS AND THEMATIC ROLES 99 9.2.8. INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN SYNTAX, SEMANTICS, DISCOURSE, AND PROSODY 100 9.2.9. PROSODIC
PHRASING: THE CLOSURE POSITIVE SHIFT 102 9.3. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 103 10. DIRECT ESECTRICAS STIMULATION OF LANGUAGE CORTEX
BARRY GORDON AND KERRY LEDOUX 10.1. INTRODUCTION 105 10.2. DESCRIPTION
OF THE TECHNIQUE 105 10.3. COMPARISON TO OTHER TECHNIQUES 107 10.4.
SELECTED FINDINGS WITH CORTICAL STIMULATION TECHNIQUE 107 10.4.1.
CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE CLASSIC FUNCTIONAL - NEUROANATOMIC MODEL 107
10.4.2. DIVERGENCE FROM THE CLASSIC NEUROLOGIC MODEL 109 10.4,3.
ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND SUBCORTICAL STRUCTURES 111 10.5. CHALLENGES
AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 111 11. TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION (TMS) AS
A TOOL FOR STUDYING LANGUAGE KATE E. WATKINS AND JOSEPH T. DEVLIN 11.1.
INTRODUCTION 115 11.2. ASSESSING HEMISPHERIC SPECIALIZATION FOR LANGUAGE
WITH TMS 116 1 1.2.1. HIGH-FREQUENCY RTMS 116 11.2.2. LOW-FREQUENCY RTMS
116 11.2.3. SINGLE-PULSE TMS AND EMG 117 11.2.4. SUMMARY 117 11.3.
DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF TMS ON TASK PERFORMANCE: POSTERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX
AND PICTURE NAMING 118 11.4. TMS STUDIES OF SEMANTIC AND PHONOLOGICAL
PROCESSING IN LIFG 120 11.5. SPEECH PERCEPTION AND THE MOTOR SYSTEM 120
11.6. REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS AND VERBS IN THE MOTOR SYSTEM AND
FRONTAL CORTEX 121 11.7. TMS STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH APHASIA 122 11.8.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 123 PART EXPERIMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE OF
LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION 1 2. DISORDERS OF PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
HUGH W. BUCKINGHAM AND SARAH S. CHRISTMAN 12.1. INTRODUCTION 127 12.2.
CHANGING CONCEPTS IN THE NEUROLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF PHONETICS AND
PHONOLOGY 127 12.2.1. THE EFFECTS OF CONNECTIONIST MODELING OF PHONETICS
AND PHONOLOGY 128 12.2.2. CAN PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY BE PRECISELY
DISSOCIATED? 128 12.3. ANATOMICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY FOR
BROCA SAREA 129 12.4. INTRACTABLE PROBLEMS IN THE NEUROLINGUISTICS OF
SEGMENTAL PARAPHASIAS 130 12.4.1. ARE THERE SEGMENTAL RULES IN LANGUAGE?
130 12.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 134 CONTENTS 4. 4, 4. 4: 5.
5.: 5.: 13. IMPAIRED MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSING GONIA JAREMA 13.1.
INTRODUCTION 137 13.1.1. MORPHOLOGICAL BREAKDOWN 138 13.1.2. CURRENT
ISSUES 138 13.2. NOUN VERSUS VERB MORPHOLOGY 138 13.3. REGULAR VERSUS
IRREGULAR MORPHOLOGY 139 13.4. IMPAIRMENTS OF INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY
140 13.4.1. TENSE VERSUS AGREEMENT 140 13.4.2. GENDER 142 13.4.3. THE
ROLE OF PHONOLOGY 142 13.5. IMPAIRMENTS OF DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY 143
13.6. IMPAIRMENTS IN COMPOUNDING 143 13.7. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 144 14. DISORDERS OF LEXIS GARY LIBBEN 14.1. INTRODUCTION 147
14.2. DISORDERS OF LEXIS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW 147 14.3. WORDS IN THE BRAIN
149 14.3.1. WORD TYPES DISTINGUISHED BY ABSTRACTNESS 149 14.3.2. WORD
TYPES DISTINGUISHED BY GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY 149 14.3.3. SOME
RESERVATIONS 150 14.4. THE DOMAIN OF LEXICAL DISORDERS, THE NOTION OF A
MENTAL LEXICON, AND THE NOTION OF WORD 150 14.4.1. THE MENTAL LEXICON
151 14.4.2. THE NOTION OF A WORD 151 14.5. A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING
DISORDERS OF LEXIS 152 14.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 152
14.6.1. A PROLIFERATION OF VARIABLES 153 14.6.2. THE INCORPORATION OF
SEMANTICS 153 14.6.3. NO INDEPENDENT VARIABLES 153 15. DISORDERS OF
SYNTAX ALAN BERETTA 15.1. INTRODUCTION 155 15.2. THE ENDGAME: THEORY
UNIFICATION 156 15.3. SYNTACTIC COMPREHENSION IN BROCA S APHASIA 157
15.4. THE LINEAR MODELS 157 15.4.1. THE TRACE DELETION HYPOTHESIS AND
THE SLOW SYNTAX HYPOTHESIS 157 15.4.2. THE TDH, THE SSH, AND
CROSS-LINGUISTIC WORD ORDER VARIATIONS 159 15.4.3. OTHER LINEAR MODELS
160 15.5. A HIERARCHICAL MODEL: THE DOUBLE-DEPENDENCY HYPOTHESIS 160
15.6. WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT ? 161 15.7. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
162 16. THE NEURAL BASES OF TEXT AND DISCOURSE PROCESSING CHARLES A.
PERFETTI AND GWEN A, FRISHKOFF 16.1. INTRODUCTION 165 16.2. COGNITIVE
AND LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES OF DISCOURSE PROCESSING 165 16.2.1. MENTAL
MODELS IN TEXT AND DISCOURSE COMPREHENSION 166 16.2.2. GRAMMATICAL
MARKERS OF DISCOURSE COHERENCE 166 16.2.3. INFERENCING AND COHERENCE 166
16.2.4. SUMMARY 167 16.3. THE NEUROSCIENCE OF TEXT AND DISCOURSE
COMPREHENSION 167 16.3.1. THE ROLE OF THE TEMPORAL LOBES IN DISCOURSE
COMPREHENSION 167 16.3.2. THE ROLE OF PFC IN DISCOURSE COMPREHENSION 168
16.4. RIGHT HEMISPHERE CONTRIBUTIONS TO DISCOURSE COMPREHENSION 170
16.4.1. EVIDENCE ON RIGHT HEMISPHERE CONTRIBUTIONS TO INFERENCING 170
16.4.2. A SPECIAL ROLE FOR RIGHT HEMISPHERE PROCESSING IN GLOBAL
COHERENCE? 170 16.4.3. RIGHT HEMISPHERE INVOLVEMENT IN PROCESSING
NONLITERAL AND EMOTIVE DISCOURSE 171 16.5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 172
16.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 173 17. NEUROPRAGMATICS:
DISORDERS AND NEURAL SYSTEMS BRIGITTE STEMMER 17.1. INTRODUCTION 175
17.2. PRAGMATIC DISORDERS IN ADULT CLINICAL POPULATIONS 175 17.2.1.
DISCOURSE 176 17.2.2. NON-LITERAL LANGUAGE AND FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE 176
17.2.3. SUMMARY 178 17.3. EXPLAINING LINGUISTIC PRAGMATIC IMPAIRMENTS IN
CLINICAL POPULATIONS 178 17.4. NEURAL SYSTEMS UNDERLYING PRAGMATIC
ABILITIES 179 17.4.1. NEURAL SYSTEMS IN DISCOURSE PROCESSING 179
CONTENTS XI 17.4.2. NEURAL SYSTEMS IN NON-LITERAL AND FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE 181 17.4.3. NEURAL SYSTEMS IN MIND RE AD ING (TOM) 18! 17.4.4.
SUMMARY 185 17.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 186 18. THE ROLE OF
MEMORY SYSTEMS IN DISORDERS OF LANGUAGE MICHAEL T. ULLMAN 18.1.
INTRODUCTION 189 18.2. THE DECLARATIVE AND PROCEDURAL MEMORY SYSTEMS 189
18.3. LANGUAGE AND THE DECLARATIVE AND PROCEDURAL MEMORY SYSTEMS 191
18.4. DISORDERS OF GRAMMAR AND PROCEDURAL MEMORY 192 18.4.1.
DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 192 18.4.2. ADULT-ONSET DISORDERS 194 18.5.
DISORDERS OF LEXICON AND DECLARATIVE MEMORY 196 18.5.1. ALZHEIMER S
DISEASE 196 18.5.2. SEMANTIC DEMENTIA 196 18.5.3. FLUENT APHASIA 196
18.5.4. ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA 196 18.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
197 19. THE RELATION OF HUMAN LANGUAGE TO HUMAN EMOTION DIANA VAN
LANCKER SIDTIS 19.1. INTRODUCTION 199 19.2. LANGUAGE AND EMOTION:
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES 199 19.3. UNIVERSALITY OF EMOTION EXPRESSION IN
LANGUAGE 200 19.4. THE LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION OF EMOTION 200 19.5.
PROSODIC COMMUNICATION 201 19.6. SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES AS REFLECTIVE OF
ATTITUDINAL MEANING 201 19.7. LANGUAGE AFFECTS EMOTIONS 202 19.8.
PRAGMATICS - LANGUAGE USE - AND EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION 203 19.9. BRAIN
STRUCTURES UNDERLYING EMOTIONAL LANGUAGE 203 19.10. AFFECT LEXICON 205
19.11. DYSPROSODIC DISTURBANCES 205 19.12. PRAGMATIC DEFICITS FOLLOWING
BRAIN DAMAGE 205 19.13. ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE FOR
EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION 206 19.14. SUMMARY 206 19.15. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 206 20. ACQUIRED READING AND WRITING CLAUDIO LUZZATTI 20.1.
INTRODUCTION 209 20.2. DEJERINE S CLASSICAL ANATOMO-FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
OF READING (1891, 1892) 210 20.2.1. PURE ALEXIA AND ALEXIA WITH AGRAPHIA
210 20.3. CLASSICAL NEUROLINGUISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF ACQUIRED SPELLING
DISORDERS 210 20.3.1. APHASIC AGRAPHIA 210 20.3.2. ALEXIA WITH AGRAPHIA
211 20.3.3. PURE AGRAPHIA 211 20.3.4. APRAXIC AGRAPHIA 211 20.3.5.
CALLOSA L AGRAPHIA 211 20.4. DUAL-ROUTE MODELS OF READING AND COGNITIVE
ACCOUNTS OF ACQUIRED DYSLEXIA 212 20.4.1. PHONOLOGICAL AND SURFACE
DYSLEXIA 212 20.4.2. THE DIRECT LEXICAL ROUTE 212 20.4.3. DEEP DYSLEXIA
212 20.4.4. LETTER-BY-LETTER READING 213 20.4.5. NEGLECT DYSLEXIA 213
20.5. DUAL-ROUTE MODELS OF SPELLING AND COGNITIVE ACCOUNTS OF ACQUIRED
DYSGRAPHIA 2.14 20.5.1. PHONOLOGICAL AND SURFACE DYSGRAPHIA 214 20.5.2.
GRAPHEMIC BUFFER DYSGRAPHIA 214 20.5.3. PERIPHERAL DYSGRAPHIA
(ALLOGRAPHIC DYSGRAPHIA) 215 20.6. PRINCIPLES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF
READING AND SPELLING IMPAIRMENTS 215 20.6.1. READING IMPAIRMENTS 215
20.6.2. SPELLING IMPAIRMENTS 215 20.7. READING AND SPELLING DISORDERS IN
LANGUAGES WITH DIFFERENT SCRIPTS 216 20.8. NEUROANATOMY OF WRITTEN
LANGUAGE 216 20.8.1. THE ANATOMY OF READING 216 20.8.2. THE ANATOMY OF
SPELLING 217 20.9. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 217 21. NUMBER
PROCESSING CARLO SEMENZA 21.1. INTRODUCTION 219 21.2. THE REPRESENTATION
OF NUMBERS 220 21.2.1. NUMBER MEANING IN THE BRAIN 220 21.2.2. THE
NUMBER LINE 221 21.2.3. FINGERS COUNT (AND SO DO OTHER BODY PARTS) 221
21.2.4. NUMBER WORDS ARE SPECIAL: THE NUMBER LEXICON 221 21.2.5. ON
KNOWING ABOUT NOTHING: THE ELUSIVE NUMBER ZERO 222 21.3. NUMBER
MANIPULATION: TRANSCODING 222 XLL CONTENTS 21.4. CALCULATION 223 21.4.1.
SIGNS, FACTS AND RULES 223 21.4.2. PROCEDURES: BUGS IN THE BRAIN? 224
21.4.3. CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE 224 21.5. NUMBERS AND CALCULATION IN THE
BRAIN 224 21.5.1. CORE ABILITIES: THE LEFT PARIETAL LOBE 224 21.5.2.
COMPLEX CALCULATION AND THE RIGHT HEMISPHERE 225 21.5.3. WHERE IN THE
BRAIN DID CALCULATING ABILITIES EVOLVE FROM? 226 21.6. CHALLENGES AND
FUTURE DIRECTIONS 226 22. NEUROLINGUISTIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS BRIAN
MACWHINNEY AND PING LI 22.1. INTRODUCTION 229 22.2. THE COMPUTER AND THE
BRAIN 229 22.3. STRUCTURED MODELS 230 22.3.1. MODULE-LEVEL STRUCTURED
MODELS 230 22.3.2. NEURON-LEVEL STRUCTURED MODELS 231 22.4. EMERGENT
MODELS 233 22.4.1. SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS 233 22.4.2. SYNTACTIC EMERGENCE
233 22.4.3. LESIONING EMERGENT MODELS 234 22.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 235 23. MIRROR NEURONS AND LANGUAGE MICHAEL A. ARBIB 23.1.
INTRODUCTION 237 23.1.1. THE MIRROR SYSTEM HYPOTHESIS 237 23.2. MULTIPLE
MIRROR SYSTEMS AND THE LANGUAGE-READY BRAIN 238 23.3. PRAXIS, LANGUAGE
AND THE ACTION-ORIENTED PERCEPTION OF SCENES 239 23.3.1. FROM WORDS TO
CONSTRUCTIONS 239 23.4. MODELING THE CANONICAL AND MIRROR SYSTEMS FOR
GRASPING 241 23.5. IMITATION AND MIRROR NEURONS: IN SEARCH OF SUBTLETY
242 23.5.1. A DUAL-ROUTE MODEL OF PRAXIS AND LANGUAGE 242 23.5.2. THE
DORSAL AND VENTRAL STREAMS AND LANGUAGE 243 23.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 245 24. LATERALIZATION OF LANGUAGE ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
MERRILL HISCOCK AND MARCEL KINSBOURNE 24.1. INTRODUCTION 247 24.2. BRAIN
DEVELOPMENT 248 24.2.1. BRAIN ANATOMY 248 24.2.2. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL
EVIDENCE 249 24.2.3. BEHAVIORAL EVIDENCE 249 24.2.4. CLINICAL EVIDENCE
250 24.3. CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING 251 24.3.1. NORMAL AGING 251
24.3.2. CLINICAL EVIDENCE 251 24.4. INTERPRETIVE COMPLEXITIES 252
24.4.1. GENERAL PROBLEMS IN STUDYING LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT 252 24.4.2.
PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE LATERAL IZATION 252 24.5.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 254 25. INTERHEMISPHERIC INTERACTION IN
THE LATERALIZED BRAIN JOSEPH B. HELLIGE 25.1. INTRODUCTION 257 25.2.
FUNCTIONAL HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY 258 25.3. ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES OF
HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY 258 25.4. MECHANISMS OF INTERHEMISPHERIC
INTERACTION 260 25.4.1. COSTS AND BENEFITS OF INTERHEMISPHERIC
INTERACTION 261 25.4.2. MIXING STIMULI THAT ARE PROCESSED IN DIFFERENT
CORTICAL AREAS 261 25.4.3. BIHEMISPHERIC REDUNDANCY GAIN 262 25.5.
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION 263 25.5.1. VARIATION ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN 263
25.5.2. COGNITION AND MEMORY 263 25.5.3. COGNITIVE DEFICITS AND
EMOTIONAL DISORDERS 264 25.5.4. GENDER 264 25.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 265 PART CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE OF LANGUAGE A. LANGUAGE IN
SPECIAL POPULATIONS AND IN VARIOUS DISEASE PROCESSES 26. ACUTE APHASIAS
CLAUS-W. WALLESCH AND CLAUDIUS BARTELS 26.1. INTRODUCTION 269 26.1.1.
CLINICAL VARIABLES 269 26.1.2. PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES 269 CONTENTS
XIII 26.1.3, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES 270 26.2. APPROACHES TO
CLASSIFYING ACUTE APHASIAS 27! 26.2.1. STUDY I: KERTES/ (! 979) 271
26.2.2. STUDY 2: WALLESCH EL AL. (1992) 272 26.2.3. STUDY 3: LASKA EL
AT. {2001) 273 26.2.4. STUDY 4: GODEFROY EL AL, (2002) 273 26.2.5. STUDY
5: PEDERSEN EL AL. (2004) 273 26.2.6. SYNOPSIS OF GROUP STUDIES 274
26.3. NON-STABLE SYNDROMES OF ACUTE APHASIA 274 26.3.1. ACUTE CONDUCTION
APHASIA 274 26.3.2. ACUTE TRANSCORTICAL MOTOR APHASIA 275 26.3.3. ACUTE
PARAPHASIA 275 26.3.4. PURE MOTOR APHASIA : APRAXIA OF SPEECH 276 26.4.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 276 27. LANGUAGE IN DEMENTIA MURRAY
GROSSMAN 27.1. INTRODUCTION 279 27.2. PHONOLOGY AND SPEECH ERRORS IN
DEMENTIA 279 27.3. LEXICAL RETRIEVAL AND NAMING DIFFICULTY IN DEMENTIA
280 27.4. SEMANTIC MEMORY DIFFICULTY IN DEMENTIA 281 27.4.1. KNOWLEDGE
OF THE FEATURES CONTRIBUTING TO CONCEPTS 282 27.4.2. PROCESSING FEATURE
KNOWLEDGE WITHIN SEMANTIC MEMORY 282 27.5. GRAMMATICAL DEFICITS IN
DEMENTIA 284 27.6. DISCOURSE DEFICIT IN DEMENTIA 284 27.7. CHALLENGES
AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 285 28. FRONTAL LOBES AND LANGUAGE SKYE MCDONALD
28.1. INTRODUCTION 289 28.2. PRAGMATIC INFERENCE 289 28.2.1. PREFRONTAL
FUNCTIONS AND INFERENCE 290 28.2.2. THE SOCIAL NATURE OF CONVERSATIONAL
INFERENCE 291 28.3. SOCIAL COGNITION 291 28.3.1. THEORY OF MIND 291
28.3.2. EMOTION PROCESSING 292 28.3.3. SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE 292 28.4.
DISCOURSE PRODUCTION 293 28.4.1. POLITE UTTERANCES 293 28.4.2.
NARRATIVES 293 28.4.3. CONVERSATIONS 294 28.4.4. NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL
UNDERPINNINGS OF DISORDERED DISCOURSE PRODUCTION 294 28.5. CHALLENGES
AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 295 29. THE TORQUE DEFINES THE FOUR QUADRANTS OF
THE HUMAN LANGUAGE CIRCUIT AND THE NUCLEAR SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
IDENTIFY THEIR COMPONENT FUNCTIONS TIMOTHY J. CROW 29.1. INTRODUCTION
299 29.2. BI-HEMISPHERIC THEORY OF LANGUAGE 300 29.3. PRINCIPLES OF
CONNECTIVITY OF HETERO-MODAL ASSOCIATION CORTEX 301 29.4. ANOMALIES OF
ANATOMICAL ASYMMETRY AND SCHIZOPHRENIA 302 29.5. THE CENTRAL PARADOX AND
ITS RESOLUTION 303 29.6. HOW DO THE NUCLEAR SYMPTOMS ARISE? 304 29.7.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 305 30. STUTTERING AND DYSFLUENCY DAVID
B. ROSENFIELD 30.1. 30.2. INTRODUCTION 309 DEFINITION AND CLINICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF DYSFLUENCY 310 30.2.1. CLINICAL FEATURES OF
STUTTERING 310 30.3. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF STUTTERING 313 30.4. THEORIES OF
STUTTERING 314 30.5. ANIMAL MODELING OF STUTTERING 315 30.6. CHALLENGES
AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 316 3 1. MESIAL TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY: A MODEL
FOR UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND MEMORY JOSEPH I.
TRACY AND STEPHANIE B. BOSWELL 31.1. INTRODUCTION 319 31.2. DO MTLE
PATIENTS SHOW LANGUAGE ABNORMALITIES? 321 31.2.1. CONFRONTATION NAMING
31.2.2. VERBAL FLUENCY 321 31.2.3. COMPREHENSION 321 31.2.4. OTHER
LANGUAGE SKILLS 31.3. WHAT SPECIFIC EVIDENCE IS THERE SHOWING MEDIAL
TEMPORAL LOBE INVOLVEMENT IN LANGUAGE? 322 31.4. ARE THERE ANATOMICAL
CONNECTIONS THAT ALLOW THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE TO INFLUENCE LANGUAGE?
323 31.5. WHAT MIGHT THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE CONTRIBUTE TO LANGUAGE
PROCESSING? 324 31.6. WHAT ACCOUNTS FOR THE LANGUAGE DEFICITS IN MTLE?
325 31.7. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 326 321 322 XIV CONTENTS 32.
SUBCORTICAL LANGUAGE MECHANISMS STEPHEN E. NADEAU 32.1. INTRODUCTION 329
32.2. DISTRIBUTION OF PATHOLOGY IN SUBCORTICAL STROKE AND DEGENERATIVE
DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT 329 32.2.1. THE CASE OF
STROKE 330 32.2.2. THE CASE OF PARKINSON S DISEASE 331 32.2.3. THE CASE
OF HUNTINGTON S DISEASE 332 32.3. EMERGING NEUROSCIENCE OF THE BASAL
GANGLIA 332 32.4. MECHANISMS OF NON-THALAMIC SUBCORTICAL APHASIA 332
32.5. SUMMARY: NON-THALAMIC SUBCORTICAL APHASIA 333 32.6. EMERGING
NEUROSCIENCE OF THE THALAMUS 333 32.6.1. FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY OF THE
THALAMUS 333 32.6.2. PROCESSING BY THE THALAMIC GATING MECHANISM 333
32.6.3. IMPAIRMENT OF FUNCTION OF THE INDIRECT THALAMIC GATE 335 32.6.4.
PURPOSE OF THE THALAMIC GATE 336 32.7. MECHANISMS OF THALAMIC APHASIA
336 32.7.1. PHONOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION 337 32.7.2. GRAMMATIC DYSFUNCTION
337 32.8. SUMMARY: THALAMIC APHASIA 338 32.9. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 338 33. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION DISORDERS IN MULTILINGUALS
MICHEL PARADIS 33.1. INTRODUCTION 341 33.2. LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS 342
33.3. IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT MEMORY 343 33.4. PATHOLOGICAL LANGUAGE
MIXING AND SWITCHING 344 33.5. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES 345 33.6. ASSESSMENT
OF LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN MULTILINGUAL SPEAKERS 346 33.7. MULTILINGUAL
APHASIA REHABILITATION 346 33.8. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS: THE
CEREBRAL ORGANIZATION OF LANGUAGES 347 34. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN
AGING LORAINE K. OBLER AND SEIJA PEKKALA 34.1. INTRODUCTION 351 34.2.
LANGUAGE CHANGES IN HEALTHY AGING 351 34.2.1. LEXICAL RETRIEVAL 351
34.2.2. LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION 352 34.2.3. ORAL LANGUAGE NARRATIVE
PRODUCTION 352 34.2.4. WRITTEN LANGUAGE 353 34.3. AGING AND BILINGUALISM
353 34.4. DISTINGUISHING LANGUAGE IN HEALTHY AGING FROM THAT IN MILD
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND AD 353 34.4.1. LEXICAL RETRIEVAL IN MCI AND AD
354 34.4.2. COMPREHENSION IN MCI AND AD 354 34.4.3. SPONTANEOUS SPEECH
AND CONVERSATION IN MCI AND AD 355 34.5. EXPLANATIONS FOR LANGUAGE
CHANGES IN HEALTHY AGING 355 34.5.1. NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTIONAL-ANATOMICAL
EXPLANATIONS 355 34.5.2. LANGUAGE-LEVEL EXPLANATIONS 356 34.5.3.
COGNITIVE-LEVEL EXPLANATIONS 356 34.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
356 B. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 35.
ACQUIRED EPILEPTIFORM APHASIA OR LANDAU-KLEFFNER SYNDROME: CLINICAL AND
LINGUISTIC ASPECTS GIANFRANCO DENES 35.1. INTRODUCTION 361 35.1.1.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OFC.S. 361 35.1.2. LANGUAGE EXAMINATION OF
C.S. 362 35.2. LANGUAGE REGRESSION AND EPILEPSY 362 35.2.1. CLINICAL
FEATURES OF LK SYNDROME OR AEA 362 35.3. THE NATURE OF THE LANGUAGE
DEFICIT 363 35.4. THE SPECTRUM OF REGRESSIVE LANGUAGE DISORDERS AND
EPILEPSY 364 35.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 364 36. LANGUAGE AND
COMMUNICATION IN WILLIAMS SYNDROME MAYADA ELSABBAGH 36.1. INTRODUCTION
367 36.2. LANGUAGE IN WS: THE EVIDENCE 368 36.3. THEORETICAL APPROACHES
TO THE NEUROCOGNITIVE STUDY OFWS 369 36.4. CHARACTERIZING LANGUAGE AND
COMMUNICATION IN WS 370 36.4.1. HEARING AND HYPERACUSIS 370 36.4.2.
AUDITORY PROCESSING 371 36.4.3. STATISTICAL LEARNING 371 36.4.4. THE
SOCIAL CONTEXT 372 36.4.5. INTERACTION AMONG LANGUAGE SYSTEMS 373 36.5.
LANGUAGE IN WS: CONNECTING THE DOTS 373 36.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 374 CONTENTS XV 37, LANGUAGE AND AND ASPERGER SYNDROME LUCA
SUDAN AND MICHAEL SIEGAL 37.1. INTRODUCTION 377 37.2. LANGUAGE DEFICITS
IN AUTISM 378 37.2.1. PHONOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, AND SYNTAX 378 37 .2.2.
LEXICAL SEMANTICS 379 37.2.3. PRAGMATICS 380 37.2.4. PROSODY 381 37.2.5.
READING 381 37.3. EXPLAINING LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION DEFICITS INASD
381 37.3.1. DO COMMUNICATION DEFICITS IN ASD RESULT FROM A MINDREADING
IMPAIRMENT? 382 37.3.2. ENHANCED PERCEPTUAL FUNCTIONING AND PRAGMATIC
DEVELOPMENT 383 37.4. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 384 39.
THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN APHASIA REHABILITATION LUISE SPRINGER 39.1.
INTRODUCTION 397 39.2. HOW TO APPROACH APHASIA THERAPY 398 39.3. A
STAGE-ORIENTED FRAMEWORK: FITTING THE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO THE STAGE
OF RECOVERY 399 39.3.1. ACTIVATION THERAPY 399 39.3.2.
IMPAIRMENT-SPECIFIC THERAPY 400 39.3.3. SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AND
CONSOLIDATION 400 39.4. SPECIFIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAI AND PSYCHOLINGUISTIC
APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF LEXICAL AND SYNTACTIC DISORDERS 402
39.4.1. THERAPY OF LEXICAL DISORDERS IN APHASIA 402 39.4.2. THERAPY OF
SYNTACTIC DISORDERS 403 39.5. EFFICACY STUDIES OF APHASIA THERAPY 405
39.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 405 C. RECOVERY FROM, TREATMENT
AND REHABILITATION OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 38.
SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY OF APHASIA STEFANO F. CAP PA 38.1. INTRODUCTION 389
38.1.1. CAN WE PREDICT THE POTENTIAL FOR RECOVERY? 389 38.2. SOUNDLY
ESTABLISHED FACTORS AFFECTING RECOVERY 390 38.2.1. LESION SIZE 390
38.2.2. LESION SITE 390 38.2.3. CLINICAL PICTURE 391 38.2.4. TIME
POST-ONSET 391 38.3. FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY 391
38.3.1. ETIOLOGY 391 38.3.2. HANDEDNESS 391 38.3.3. HEMISPHERIC
ASYMMETRIES 391 38.3.4. AGE 392 38.3.5. EDUCATION 392 38.3.6.
MULTILINGUALISM 392 38.3.7. MOOD, MOTIVATION, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT 392
38.3.8. SUMMARY 392 38.4. WHY SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY? 392 38.4.1.
NEUROGENESIS 393 38.4.2. REGRESSION OF HYPOPERFUSION AND DIASCHISIS 393
38.4.3. REMAPPING 393 38.4.4. SUMMARY 394 38.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 394 40. THE PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF APHASIA ANDREW W.
LEE AND ARGYE E. HILLIS 40.1. INTRODUCTION 407 40.2. STROKE: HOW DOES IT
CAUSE LANGUAGE DEFICITS? 407 40.2.1. DO NEURONS DIE IMMEDIATELY? 408
40.2.2. THE ISCHEMIC PENUMBRA DEFINED BY THE DWI/PWI MISMATCH 408
40.2.3. THE DIFFUSION/PERFUSION MISMATCH IN APHASIA 408 40.2.4.
RESTORING LANGUAGE FUNCTION BY REPERFUSION 409 40.2.5. THE POTENTIAL FOR
NEUROPROTECTION 410 40.3. SUBACUTE (AND CHRONIC) STROKE: ENHANCING
NEURAL TRANSMISSION AND NEUROPLASTICITY 411 40.3.1. CHOLINESTERASE
INHIBITORS 411 40.3.2. PIRACETAM 412 40.3.3. BROMOCRIPTINE 412 40.3.4.
DEXAMPHETAMINE 412 40.3.5. ANTIDEPRESSANTS 413 40.4. SUMMARY: THE STATE
OF PLAY OF PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION IN APHASIA 413 40.5. CHALLENGES
AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 413 41. RECOVERY AND TREATMENT OF ACQUIRED READING
AND SPELLING DISORDERS ANNA BASSO 41.1. INTRODUCTION 417 41.2.
ILLUSTRATIVE CASES 418 XI XVI CONTENTS 32 32 32 32 32 32. 32. 32. 32:
41.2.1. LETTER-BY-LETTER DYSLEXIA (OR PURE ALEXIA) 418 41.2.2. DEEP
DYSLEXIA 419 41.2.3. SURFACE DYSLEXIA 419 41.2.4. PHONOLOGICAL DYSLEXIA
420 41.2.5. DEEP DYSGRAPHIA 420 41.2.6. SURFACE (OR LEXICAL) DYSGRAPHIA
420 41.2.7. PHONOLOGICAL DYSGRAPHIA 420 41.3. LIMITS OF THE
SYNDROME-BASED APPROACH 420 41.4. SUGGESTED TREATMENT OF THE LEXICAL
COMPONENTS 421 41.4.1. ORTHOGRAPHIC INPUT BUFFER (ABSTRACT LETTER
IDENTIFICATION) 421 41.4.2. CONVERSION MECHANISMS 422 41.4.3. SEMANTIC
SYSTEM 422 41.4.4. INPUT LEXICONS (COMPONENTS B, G) 423 41.4.5. OUTPUT
LEXICONS (COMPONENTS D, H) 423 41.4.6. OUTPUT BUFFERS (COMPONENTS E, I)
423 41.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 423 42. THE ROLE OF
ELECTRONIC DEVICES IN THE REHABILITATION OF LANGUAGE DISORDERS BRIAN
PETHERAM AND PAM ENDERBY 42.1. INTRODUCTION 427 42.2. PROVISION OF
THERAPY 428 42.3. COMPUTER-BASED TREATMENT AND LANGUAGE 42.4. DIAGNOSIS
AND ASSESSMENT 429 42.5. OUTCOME MEASUREMENT AND AUDIT 430 42.6.
ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION 430 42.7. SUPPORT FOR EVERYDAY LIFE 431 42.8.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 431 PART RESOURCES 43. RESOURCE S IN
THE NEUROSCIENCE C LANGUAGE: A LISTING BRIGITTE STEMMER JOURNALS 435
BOOKS 437 SOURCE BOOKS 440 PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS AND SOCIETIES 441
GLOSSARY 443 INDEX 453 33. 33.: 33.: 33. 33. 33.( 33. 33. 34.1 34.2
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CONTRIBUTORS XVII PREFACE XIX PROLOGUE XXI GUIDO GAINOTTI PART 1.5.1.
ASSESSMENT OF LANGUAGE IN DEMENTIA 8 1.5.2. ASSESSMENT OF LANGUAGE IN
TBI AND RHD 9 1.6. INTERFACE BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND OTHER COGNITIVE
FUNCTIONS 9 1.6.1. WORKING MEMORY, EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS, AND LANGUAGE 9
1.6.2. OBJECT RECOGNITION, SEMANTIC PROCESSING, AND LANGUAGE 10 1.7.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 10 METHODS AND TECHNIQUES 1. CLASSICAL
AND CONTEMPORARY ASSESSMENT OF APHASIA AND ACQUIRED DISORDERS OF
LANGUAGE YVES TURGEON AND JOE! MACOIR . 1. INTRODUCTION 3 .2. NATURE OF
LANGUAGE DEFICITS 4 1.2.!. CLASSIFICATION OF APHASIC SYNDROMES AND
SYMPTOMS 4 1.2.2. PURE LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS 4 .3. THEORETICAL MODELS FOR
THE ASSESSMENT OF LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT 5 1.3.1. THE
CLINICAL-NEUROANATOMICAL APPROACH TO LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT 5 1.3.2.
PSYCHOLINGUISTIC APPROACH TO LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT 5 .4. CLASSICAL TESTS
AND APHASIA ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES 6 1.4.1. BEDSIDE AND SCREENING TESTS 6
1.4.2. COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATIONS AND APHASIA BATTERIES 7 1.4.3.
ASSESSMENT OF SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE 7 1.4.4. ASSESSMENT OF
FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION .5 CLASSICAL TESTS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF
LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS 8 2. THE HYPOTHESIS TESTING
APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF LANGUAGE LYNDSEY NICKELS 2.1. INTRODUCTION
13 2.2. WHAT IS THE HYPOTHESIS TESTING APPROACH TO ASSESSMENT? 13 2.2.1.
HOW DO WE FORM HYPOTHESES? 15 2.2.2. HOW DO WE TEST HYPOTHESES? 16 2.3.
HYPOTHESIS TESTING OF LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT: ASSESSMENT RESOURCES AND
CONSIDERATIONS 16 2.3.1. INTERPRETING SUCCESS AND FAILURE ON A TASK 17
2.3.2. CONVERGING EVIDENCE 17 2.3.3. ASSESSMENT MATERIALS 18 2.4.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 20 2.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 20
APPENDIX - HYPOTHESIS TESTING: A WORKED EXAMPLE 21 3. THE INTRACAROTID
AMOBARBITA! TEST (WADA TEST) AND COMPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES TO EVALUATE
LANGUAGE BEFORE EPILEPSY SURGERY ALEXANDER I. TROSTER AND KIRSTEN R.
MOHN 3.1. INTRODUCTION 23 3.2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 23 VII VLLL
CONTENTS 3.3. CURRENT CLINICAL USE OF THE IAT 24 3.4. RATIONALE
UNDERLYING THE IAT PROCEDURE 24 3.5. COMPONENTS OF THE IAT PROCEDURE 25
3.6. PROBLEMS AND CONSIDERATIONS IN IAT PROTOCOL ADMINISTRATION AND
INTERPRETATION 26 3.6.1. UNILATERAL VERSUS BILATERAL IAT 26 3.6.2. DRUGS
AND ADMINISTRATION METHODS 27 3.6.3. DETERMINATION OF ADEQUACY OF
ANESTHESIA AND TIMING OF STIMULUS PRESENTATION 27 3.6.4. CRITERIA TO
ESTABLISH HEMISPHERIC LANGUAGE DOMINANCE 27 3.7. IAT IN PEDIATRIC
POPULATIONS 28 3.8. VALIDATION AND RELIABILITY STUDIES 28 3.9.
SUPPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR ESTABLISHING LANGUAGE
LATERALIZATION 29 3.10. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 31 4.
ARCHITECTONIC LANGUAGE RESEARCH KATRIN AMUNTS 4.1. INTRODUCTION 33 4.2.
BROCA'S REGION 35 4.2.1. CYTOARCHITECTURE OF BA 44 AND 45 36 4.2.2.
LOCALIZATION OF BA 44 AND 45 AND THEIR INTERSUBJECT VARIABILITY 36
4.2.3. RECEPTORARCHITECTURE 38 4.3. WERNICKE'S REGION 39 4.4. OTHER
REGIONS INVOLVED IN LANGUAGE 40 4.5. INTERHEMISPHERIC CYTOARCHITECTONIC
DIFFERENCES 40 4.6. CYTOARCHITECTONIC MAPS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE
41 4.7. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 42 5.4. TIME DYNAMICS OF
FRONTO-TEMPORAL ACTIVATIONS 51 5.4.1. INTERACTIONIST VERSUS SERIAL VIEWS
OF PERCEPTION 51 5.4.2. FRONTAL AND TEMPORAL ACTIVITY IN SEMANTIC
PROCESSING 52 5.5. VERTICAL INTEGRATION: COORDINATION OF INTERNAL AND
EXTERNAL CONTEXTS FOR MEANING 53 5.5.1. HEMISPHERIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO
MOOD AND MEANING 53 5.5.2. MEDIAL FRONTAL NETWORKS IN SEMANTIC MEMORY 53
5.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS: LEVELS OF BRAIN, LEVELS OF
LANGUAGE? 53 6. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO COMMON NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES
FRANK A. RODDEN AND BRIGITTE STEMMER 6.1. INTRODUCTION 57 6.2.
ELECTROMAGNETIC FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES 58 6.2.1. THE
EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL TECHNIQUE 59 6.2.2. MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY 60
6.2.3. BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS 60 6.3. HEMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONAL
NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES 60 6.3.1. FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
62 6.3.2. DIFFUSION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING
AND DIFFUSION- WEIGHTED IMAGING 62 6.3.3. POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
63 6.3.4. BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS 64 6.4. REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL
MAGNETIC STIMULATION 64 6.5. NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY 65 6.6.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 66 5. MICROGENESIS OF LANGUAGE:
VERTICAL INTEGRATION OF LINGUISTIC MECHANISMS ACROSS THE NEURAXIS DON M.
TUCKER, GWEN FRISHKOFF AND PHAN LUU 5.1. INTRODUCTION 45 5.1.1. BASIC
PRINCIPLES AND PLAN FOR CHAPTER 45 5.2. PRINCIPLES OF BRAIN STRUCTURE
AND FUNCTION 46 5.2.1. LEVELS OF BRAIN, LEVELS OF REPRESENTATION 46
5.2.2. LANGUAGE ACROSS CORTICOLIMBIC LEVELS 47 5.2.3. ARCHICORTICAL AND
PALEOCORTICAL BASES OF MICROGENESIS 48 5.3. FROM ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE TO
NEUROLINGUISTIC FUNCTION 49 5.3.1. ANATOMY AND FUNCTIONS OF THE MEDIAL
TEMPORAL LOBE 49 PART II NEUROIMAGING OF LANGUAGE 7. PET RESEARCH OF
LANGUAGE BARRY HORWITZ AND RICHARD J.S. WISE 7.1. INTRODUCTION 71 7.2.
PET VERSUS FMRI - SOME METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 7.3. CRUCIAL PET FINDINGS
73 7.3.1. LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION 73 7.3.2. LANGUAGE PRODUCTION 76 7.4.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 78 72 CONTENTS IX RESEARCH OF LANGUAGE
URI HASSON AND STEVEN L. SMALL 8.1. INTRODUCTION 81, 8.2. RECOGNIZING
AUDITORY INPUT AS SPEECH 82 8.3. WORD REPRESENTATION: FORM AND MEANING
83 8.4. FROM WORDS TO SENTENCES: SYNTACTIC PROCESSING 84 8.5. FROM WORDS
TO SENTENCES: SEMANTIC PROCESSING OF SENTENCES 85 8.6. FROM SENTENCES TO
DISCOURSE 86 8.7. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 87 9. EVENT-RELATED
POTENTIALS IN THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE KARSTEN STEINHAUER AND JOHN F.
CONNOLLY 9.1. INTRODUCTION 91 9.2. LANGUAGE-RELATED COMPONENTS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE 92 9.2.1. THE N100: AN EXOGENOUS COMPONENT WITH
LINGUISTIC FUNCTIONS? 92 9.2.2. PRELEXICAL EXPECTATIONS: THE
PHONOLOGICAL MAPPING NEGATIVITY 92 9.2.3. LEXICO-SEMANTIC INTEGRATION:
THE N400 COMPONENT 95 9.2.4. LEFT ANTERIOR NEGATIVITIES (LANS) AND P600S
IN MORPHO-SYNTACTIC PROCESSING 95 9.2.5. EARLY AND OTHER LEFT ANTERIOR
NEGATIVITIES 97 9.2.6. P600/SYNTACTIC POSITIVE SHIFT 99 9.2.7. VERB
ARGUMENT STRUCTURE VIOLATIONS AND THEMATIC ROLES 99 9.2.8. INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN SYNTAX, SEMANTICS, DISCOURSE, AND PROSODY 100 9.2.9. PROSODIC
PHRASING: THE CLOSURE POSITIVE SHIFT 102 9.3. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 103 10. DIRECT ESECTRICAS STIMULATION OF LANGUAGE CORTEX
BARRY GORDON AND KERRY LEDOUX 10.1. INTRODUCTION 105 10.2. DESCRIPTION
OF THE TECHNIQUE 105 10.3. COMPARISON TO OTHER TECHNIQUES 107 10.4.
SELECTED FINDINGS WITH CORTICAL STIMULATION TECHNIQUE 107 10.4.1.
CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE CLASSIC FUNCTIONAL - NEUROANATOMIC MODEL 107
10.4.2. DIVERGENCE FROM THE CLASSIC NEUROLOGIC MODEL 109 10.4,3.
ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND SUBCORTICAL STRUCTURES 111 10.5. CHALLENGES
AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 111 11. TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION (TMS) AS
A TOOL FOR STUDYING LANGUAGE KATE E. WATKINS AND JOSEPH T. DEVLIN 11.1.
INTRODUCTION 115 11.2. ASSESSING HEMISPHERIC SPECIALIZATION FOR LANGUAGE
WITH TMS 116 1 1.2.1. HIGH-FREQUENCY RTMS 116 11.2.2. LOW-FREQUENCY RTMS
116 11.2.3. SINGLE-PULSE TMS AND EMG 117 11.2.4. SUMMARY 117 11.3.
DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF TMS ON TASK PERFORMANCE: POSTERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX
AND PICTURE NAMING 118 11.4. TMS STUDIES OF SEMANTIC AND PHONOLOGICAL
PROCESSING IN LIFG 120 11.5. SPEECH PERCEPTION AND THE MOTOR SYSTEM 120
11.6. REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS AND VERBS IN THE MOTOR SYSTEM AND
FRONTAL CORTEX 121 11.7. TMS STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH APHASIA 122 11.8.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 123 PART EXPERIMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE OF
LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION 1 2. DISORDERS OF PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
HUGH W. BUCKINGHAM AND SARAH S. CHRISTMAN 12.1. INTRODUCTION 127 12.2.
CHANGING CONCEPTS IN THE NEUROLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF PHONETICS AND
PHONOLOGY 127 12.2.1. THE EFFECTS OF CONNECTIONIST MODELING OF PHONETICS
AND PHONOLOGY 128 12.2.2. CAN PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY BE PRECISELY
DISSOCIATED? 128 12.3. ANATOMICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY FOR
BROCA'SAREA 129 12.4. INTRACTABLE PROBLEMS IN THE NEUROLINGUISTICS OF
SEGMENTAL PARAPHASIAS 130 12.4.1. ARE THERE SEGMENTAL RULES IN LANGUAGE?
130 12.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 134 CONTENTS 4. 4, 4. 4: 5.
5.: 5.: 13. IMPAIRED MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSING GONIA JAREMA 13.1.
INTRODUCTION 137 13.1.1. MORPHOLOGICAL BREAKDOWN 138 13.1.2. CURRENT
ISSUES 138 13.2. NOUN VERSUS VERB MORPHOLOGY 138 13.3. REGULAR VERSUS
IRREGULAR MORPHOLOGY 139 13.4. IMPAIRMENTS OF INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY
140 13.4.1. TENSE VERSUS AGREEMENT 140 13.4.2. GENDER 142 13.4.3. THE
ROLE OF PHONOLOGY 142 13.5. IMPAIRMENTS OF DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY 143
13.6. IMPAIRMENTS IN COMPOUNDING 143 13.7. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 144 14. DISORDERS OF LEXIS GARY LIBBEN 14.1. INTRODUCTION 147
14.2. DISORDERS OF LEXIS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW 147 14.3. WORDS IN THE BRAIN
149 14.3.1. WORD TYPES DISTINGUISHED BY ABSTRACTNESS 149 14.3.2. WORD
TYPES DISTINGUISHED BY GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY 149 14.3.3. SOME
RESERVATIONS 150 14.4. THE DOMAIN OF LEXICAL DISORDERS, THE NOTION OF A
MENTAL LEXICON, AND THE NOTION OF WORD 150 14.4.1. THE MENTAL LEXICON
151 14.4.2. THE NOTION OF A WORD 151 14.5. A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING
DISORDERS OF LEXIS 152 14.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 152
14.6.1. A PROLIFERATION OF VARIABLES 153 14.6.2. THE INCORPORATION OF
SEMANTICS 153 14.6.3. NO INDEPENDENT VARIABLES 153 15. DISORDERS OF
SYNTAX ALAN BERETTA 15.1. INTRODUCTION 155 15.2. THE ENDGAME: THEORY
UNIFICATION 156 15.3. SYNTACTIC COMPREHENSION IN BROCA'S APHASIA 157
15.4. THE LINEAR MODELS 157 15.4.1. THE TRACE DELETION HYPOTHESIS AND
THE SLOW SYNTAX HYPOTHESIS 157 15.4.2. THE TDH, THE SSH, AND
CROSS-LINGUISTIC WORD ORDER VARIATIONS 159 15.4.3. OTHER LINEAR MODELS
160 15.5. A HIERARCHICAL MODEL: THE DOUBLE-DEPENDENCY HYPOTHESIS 160
15.6. WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT ? 161 15.7. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
162 16. THE NEURAL BASES OF TEXT AND DISCOURSE PROCESSING CHARLES A.
PERFETTI AND GWEN A, FRISHKOFF 16.1. INTRODUCTION 165 16.2. COGNITIVE
AND LINGUISTIC PRINCIPLES OF DISCOURSE PROCESSING 165 16.2.1. MENTAL
MODELS IN TEXT AND DISCOURSE COMPREHENSION 166 16.2.2. GRAMMATICAL
MARKERS OF DISCOURSE COHERENCE 166 16.2.3. INFERENCING AND COHERENCE 166
16.2.4. SUMMARY 167 16.3. THE NEUROSCIENCE OF TEXT AND DISCOURSE
COMPREHENSION 167 16.3.1. THE ROLE OF THE TEMPORAL LOBES IN DISCOURSE
COMPREHENSION 167 16.3.2. THE ROLE OF PFC IN DISCOURSE COMPREHENSION 168
16.4. RIGHT HEMISPHERE CONTRIBUTIONS TO DISCOURSE COMPREHENSION 170
16.4.1. EVIDENCE ON RIGHT HEMISPHERE CONTRIBUTIONS TO INFERENCING 170
16.4.2. A SPECIAL ROLE FOR RIGHT HEMISPHERE PROCESSING IN GLOBAL
COHERENCE? 170 16.4.3. RIGHT HEMISPHERE INVOLVEMENT IN PROCESSING
NONLITERAL AND EMOTIVE DISCOURSE 171 16.5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 172
16.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 173 17. NEUROPRAGMATICS:
DISORDERS AND NEURAL SYSTEMS BRIGITTE STEMMER 17.1. INTRODUCTION 175
17.2. PRAGMATIC DISORDERS IN ADULT CLINICAL POPULATIONS 175 17.2.1.
DISCOURSE 176 17.2.2. NON-LITERAL LANGUAGE AND FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE 176
17.2.3. SUMMARY 178 17.3. EXPLAINING LINGUISTIC PRAGMATIC IMPAIRMENTS IN
CLINICAL POPULATIONS 178 17.4. NEURAL SYSTEMS UNDERLYING PRAGMATIC
ABILITIES 179 17.4.1. NEURAL SYSTEMS IN DISCOURSE PROCESSING 179
CONTENTS XI 17.4.2. NEURAL SYSTEMS IN NON-LITERAL AND FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE 181 17.4.3. NEURAL SYSTEMS IN MIND RE AD ING (TOM) 18! 17.4.4.
SUMMARY 185 17.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 186 18. THE ROLE OF
MEMORY SYSTEMS IN DISORDERS OF LANGUAGE MICHAEL T. ULLMAN 18.1.
INTRODUCTION 189 18.2. THE DECLARATIVE AND PROCEDURAL MEMORY SYSTEMS 189
18.3. LANGUAGE AND THE DECLARATIVE AND PROCEDURAL MEMORY SYSTEMS 191
18.4. DISORDERS OF GRAMMAR AND PROCEDURAL MEMORY 192 18.4.1.
DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 192 18.4.2. ADULT-ONSET DISORDERS 194 18.5.
DISORDERS OF LEXICON AND DECLARATIVE MEMORY 196 18.5.1. ALZHEIMER'S
DISEASE 196 18.5.2. SEMANTIC DEMENTIA 196 18.5.3. FLUENT APHASIA 196
18.5.4. ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA 196 18.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
197 19. THE RELATION OF HUMAN LANGUAGE TO HUMAN EMOTION DIANA VAN
LANCKER SIDTIS 19.1. INTRODUCTION 199 19.2. LANGUAGE AND EMOTION:
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES 199 19.3. UNIVERSALITY OF EMOTION EXPRESSION IN
LANGUAGE 200 19.4. THE LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION OF EMOTION 200 19.5.
PROSODIC COMMUNICATION 201 19.6. SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES AS REFLECTIVE OF
ATTITUDINAL MEANING 201 19.7. LANGUAGE AFFECTS EMOTIONS 202 19.8.
PRAGMATICS - LANGUAGE USE - AND EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION 203 19.9. BRAIN
STRUCTURES UNDERLYING EMOTIONAL LANGUAGE 203 19.10. AFFECT LEXICON 205
19.11. DYSPROSODIC DISTURBANCES 205 19.12. PRAGMATIC DEFICITS FOLLOWING
BRAIN DAMAGE 205 19.13. ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE FOR
EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION 206 19.14. SUMMARY 206 19.15. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 206 20. ACQUIRED READING AND WRITING CLAUDIO LUZZATTI 20.1.
INTRODUCTION 209 20.2. DEJERINE'S CLASSICAL ANATOMO-FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
OF READING (1891, 1892) 210 20.2.1. PURE ALEXIA AND ALEXIA WITH AGRAPHIA
210 20.3. CLASSICAL NEUROLINGUISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF ACQUIRED SPELLING
DISORDERS 210 20.3.1. APHASIC AGRAPHIA 210 20.3.2. ALEXIA WITH AGRAPHIA
211 20.3.3. PURE AGRAPHIA 211 20.3.4. APRAXIC AGRAPHIA 211 20.3.5.
CALLOSA L AGRAPHIA 211 20.4. DUAL-ROUTE MODELS OF READING AND COGNITIVE
ACCOUNTS OF ACQUIRED DYSLEXIA 212 20.4.1. PHONOLOGICAL AND SURFACE
DYSLEXIA 212 20.4.2. THE DIRECT LEXICAL ROUTE 212 20.4.3. DEEP DYSLEXIA
212 20.4.4. LETTER-BY-LETTER READING 213 20.4.5. NEGLECT DYSLEXIA 213
20.5. DUAL-ROUTE MODELS OF SPELLING AND COGNITIVE ACCOUNTS OF ACQUIRED
DYSGRAPHIA 2.14 20.5.1. PHONOLOGICAL AND SURFACE DYSGRAPHIA 214 20.5.2.
GRAPHEMIC BUFFER DYSGRAPHIA 214 20.5.3. PERIPHERAL DYSGRAPHIA
(ALLOGRAPHIC DYSGRAPHIA) 215 20.6. PRINCIPLES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF
READING AND SPELLING IMPAIRMENTS 215 20.6.1. READING IMPAIRMENTS 215
20.6.2. SPELLING IMPAIRMENTS 215 20.7. READING AND SPELLING DISORDERS IN
LANGUAGES WITH DIFFERENT SCRIPTS 216 20.8. NEUROANATOMY OF WRITTEN
LANGUAGE 216 20.8.1. THE ANATOMY OF READING 216 20.8.2. THE ANATOMY OF
SPELLING 217 20.9. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 217 21. NUMBER
PROCESSING CARLO SEMENZA 21.1. INTRODUCTION 219 21.2. THE REPRESENTATION
OF NUMBERS 220 21.2.1. NUMBER MEANING IN THE BRAIN 220 21.2.2. THE
NUMBER LINE 221 21.2.3. FINGERS COUNT (AND SO DO OTHER BODY PARTS) 221
21.2.4. NUMBER WORDS ARE SPECIAL: THE NUMBER LEXICON 221 21.2.5. ON
KNOWING ABOUT NOTHING: THE ELUSIVE NUMBER ZERO 222 21.3. NUMBER
MANIPULATION: TRANSCODING 222 XLL CONTENTS 21.4. CALCULATION 223 21.4.1.
SIGNS, FACTS AND RULES 223 21.4.2. PROCEDURES: BUGS IN THE BRAIN? 224
21.4.3. CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE 224 21.5. NUMBERS AND CALCULATION IN THE
BRAIN 224 21.5.1. CORE ABILITIES: THE LEFT PARIETAL LOBE 224 21.5.2.
COMPLEX CALCULATION AND THE RIGHT HEMISPHERE 225 21.5.3. WHERE IN THE
BRAIN DID CALCULATING ABILITIES EVOLVE FROM? 226 21.6. CHALLENGES AND
FUTURE DIRECTIONS 226 22. NEUROLINGUISTIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS BRIAN
MACWHINNEY AND PING LI 22.1. INTRODUCTION 229 22.2. THE COMPUTER AND THE
BRAIN 229 22.3. STRUCTURED MODELS 230 22.3.1. MODULE-LEVEL STRUCTURED
MODELS 230 22.3.2. NEURON-LEVEL STRUCTURED MODELS 231 22.4. EMERGENT
MODELS 233 22.4.1. SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS 233 22.4.2. SYNTACTIC EMERGENCE
233 22.4.3. LESIONING EMERGENT MODELS 234 22.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 235 23. MIRROR NEURONS AND LANGUAGE MICHAEL A. ARBIB 23.1.
INTRODUCTION 237 23.1.1. THE MIRROR SYSTEM HYPOTHESIS 237 23.2. MULTIPLE
MIRROR SYSTEMS AND THE LANGUAGE-READY BRAIN 238 23.3. PRAXIS, LANGUAGE
AND THE ACTION-ORIENTED PERCEPTION OF SCENES 239 23.3.1. FROM WORDS TO
CONSTRUCTIONS 239 23.4. MODELING THE CANONICAL AND MIRROR SYSTEMS FOR
GRASPING 241 23.5. IMITATION AND MIRROR NEURONS: IN SEARCH OF SUBTLETY
242 23.5.1. A DUAL-ROUTE MODEL OF PRAXIS AND LANGUAGE 242 23.5.2. THE
DORSAL AND VENTRAL STREAMS AND LANGUAGE 243 23.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 245 24. LATERALIZATION OF LANGUAGE ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
MERRILL HISCOCK AND MARCEL KINSBOURNE 24.1. INTRODUCTION 247 24.2. BRAIN
DEVELOPMENT 248 24.2.1. BRAIN ANATOMY 248 24.2.2. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL
EVIDENCE 249 24.2.3. BEHAVIORAL EVIDENCE 249 24.2.4. CLINICAL EVIDENCE
250 24.3. CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING 251 24.3.1. NORMAL AGING 251
24.3.2. CLINICAL EVIDENCE 251 24.4. INTERPRETIVE COMPLEXITIES 252
24.4.1. GENERAL PROBLEMS IN STUDYING LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT 252 24.4.2.
PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE LATERAL IZATION 252 24.5.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 254 25. INTERHEMISPHERIC INTERACTION IN
THE LATERALIZED BRAIN JOSEPH B. HELLIGE 25.1. INTRODUCTION 257 25.2.
FUNCTIONAL HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY 258 25.3. ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES OF
HEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY 258 25.4. MECHANISMS OF INTERHEMISPHERIC
INTERACTION 260 25.4.1. COSTS AND BENEFITS OF INTERHEMISPHERIC
INTERACTION 261 25.4.2. MIXING STIMULI THAT ARE PROCESSED IN DIFFERENT
CORTICAL AREAS 261 25.4.3. BIHEMISPHERIC REDUNDANCY GAIN 262 25.5.
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION 263 25.5.1. VARIATION ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN 263
25.5.2. COGNITION AND MEMORY 263 25.5.3. COGNITIVE DEFICITS AND
EMOTIONAL DISORDERS 264 25.5.4. GENDER 264 25.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 265 PART CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE OF LANGUAGE A. LANGUAGE IN
SPECIAL POPULATIONS AND IN VARIOUS DISEASE PROCESSES 26. ACUTE APHASIAS
CLAUS-W. WALLESCH AND CLAUDIUS BARTELS 26.1. INTRODUCTION 269 26.1.1.
CLINICAL VARIABLES 269 26.1.2. PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES 269 CONTENTS
XIII 26.1.3, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES 270 26.2. APPROACHES TO
CLASSIFYING ACUTE APHASIAS 27! 26.2.1. STUDY I: KERTES/ (! 979) 271
26.2.2. STUDY 2: WALLESCH EL AL. (1992) 272 26.2.3. STUDY 3: LASKA EL
AT. {2001) 273 26.2.4. STUDY 4: GODEFROY EL AL, (2002) 273 26.2.5. STUDY
5: PEDERSEN EL AL. (2004) 273 26.2.6. SYNOPSIS OF GROUP STUDIES 274
26.3. NON-STABLE SYNDROMES OF ACUTE APHASIA 274 26.3.1. ACUTE CONDUCTION
APHASIA 274 26.3.2. ACUTE TRANSCORTICAL MOTOR APHASIA 275 26.3.3. ACUTE
PARAPHASIA 275 26.3.4. "PURE MOTOR APHASIA": APRAXIA OF SPEECH 276 26.4.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 276 27. LANGUAGE IN DEMENTIA MURRAY
GROSSMAN 27.1. INTRODUCTION 279 27.2. PHONOLOGY AND SPEECH ERRORS IN
DEMENTIA 279 27.3. LEXICAL RETRIEVAL AND NAMING DIFFICULTY IN DEMENTIA
280 27.4. SEMANTIC MEMORY DIFFICULTY IN DEMENTIA 281 27.4.1. KNOWLEDGE
OF THE FEATURES CONTRIBUTING TO CONCEPTS 282 27.4.2. PROCESSING FEATURE
KNOWLEDGE WITHIN SEMANTIC MEMORY 282 27.5. GRAMMATICAL DEFICITS IN
DEMENTIA 284 27.6. DISCOURSE DEFICIT IN DEMENTIA 284 27.7. CHALLENGES
AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 285 28. FRONTAL LOBES AND LANGUAGE SKYE MCDONALD
28.1. INTRODUCTION 289 28.2. PRAGMATIC INFERENCE 289 28.2.1. PREFRONTAL
FUNCTIONS AND INFERENCE 290 28.2.2. THE SOCIAL NATURE OF CONVERSATIONAL
INFERENCE 291 28.3. SOCIAL COGNITION 291 28.3.1. THEORY OF MIND 291
28.3.2. EMOTION PROCESSING 292 28.3.3. SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE 292 28.4.
DISCOURSE PRODUCTION 293 28.4.1. POLITE UTTERANCES 293 28.4.2.
NARRATIVES 293 28.4.3. CONVERSATIONS 294 28.4.4. NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL
UNDERPINNINGS OF DISORDERED DISCOURSE PRODUCTION 294 28.5. CHALLENGES
AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 295 29. THE TORQUE DEFINES THE FOUR QUADRANTS OF
THE HUMAN LANGUAGE CIRCUIT AND THE NUCLEAR SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
IDENTIFY THEIR COMPONENT FUNCTIONS TIMOTHY J. CROW 29.1. INTRODUCTION
299 29.2. BI-HEMISPHERIC THEORY OF LANGUAGE 300 29.3. PRINCIPLES OF
CONNECTIVITY OF HETERO-MODAL ASSOCIATION CORTEX 301 29.4. ANOMALIES OF
ANATOMICAL ASYMMETRY AND SCHIZOPHRENIA 302 29.5. THE CENTRAL PARADOX AND
ITS RESOLUTION 303 29.6. HOW DO THE NUCLEAR SYMPTOMS ARISE? 304 29.7.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 305 30. STUTTERING AND DYSFLUENCY DAVID
B. ROSENFIELD 30.1. 30.2. INTRODUCTION 309 DEFINITION AND CLINICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF DYSFLUENCY 310 30.2.1. CLINICAL FEATURES OF
STUTTERING 310 30.3. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF STUTTERING 313 30.4. THEORIES OF
STUTTERING 314 30.5. ANIMAL MODELING OF STUTTERING 315 30.6. CHALLENGES
AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 316 3 1. MESIAL TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY: A MODEL
FOR UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND MEMORY JOSEPH I.
TRACY AND STEPHANIE B. BOSWELL 31.1. INTRODUCTION 319 31.2. DO MTLE
PATIENTS SHOW LANGUAGE ABNORMALITIES? 321 31.2.1. CONFRONTATION NAMING
31.2.2. VERBAL FLUENCY 321 31.2.3. COMPREHENSION 321 31.2.4. OTHER
LANGUAGE SKILLS 31.3. WHAT SPECIFIC EVIDENCE IS THERE SHOWING MEDIAL
TEMPORAL LOBE INVOLVEMENT IN LANGUAGE? 322 31.4. ARE THERE ANATOMICAL
CONNECTIONS THAT ALLOW THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE TO INFLUENCE LANGUAGE?
323 31.5. WHAT MIGHT THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE CONTRIBUTE TO LANGUAGE
PROCESSING? 324 31.6. WHAT ACCOUNTS FOR THE LANGUAGE DEFICITS IN MTLE?
325 31.7. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 326 321 322 XIV CONTENTS 32.
SUBCORTICAL LANGUAGE MECHANISMS STEPHEN E. NADEAU 32.1. INTRODUCTION 329
32.2. DISTRIBUTION OF PATHOLOGY IN SUBCORTICAL STROKE AND DEGENERATIVE
DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT 329 32.2.1. THE CASE OF
STROKE 330 32.2.2. THE CASE OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 331 32.2.3. THE CASE
OF HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE 332 32.3. EMERGING NEUROSCIENCE OF THE BASAL
GANGLIA 332 32.4. MECHANISMS OF NON-THALAMIC SUBCORTICAL APHASIA 332
32.5. SUMMARY: NON-THALAMIC SUBCORTICAL APHASIA 333 32.6. EMERGING
NEUROSCIENCE OF THE THALAMUS 333 32.6.1. FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY OF THE
THALAMUS 333 32.6.2. PROCESSING BY THE THALAMIC GATING MECHANISM 333
32.6.3. IMPAIRMENT OF FUNCTION OF THE INDIRECT THALAMIC GATE 335 32.6.4.
PURPOSE OF THE THALAMIC GATE 336 32.7. MECHANISMS OF THALAMIC APHASIA
336 32.7.1. PHONOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION 337 32.7.2. GRAMMATIC DYSFUNCTION
337 32.8. SUMMARY: THALAMIC APHASIA 338 32.9. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 338 33. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION DISORDERS IN MULTILINGUALS
MICHEL PARADIS 33.1. INTRODUCTION 341 33.2. LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS 342
33.3. IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT MEMORY 343 33.4. PATHOLOGICAL LANGUAGE
MIXING AND SWITCHING 344 33.5. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES 345 33.6. ASSESSMENT
OF LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN MULTILINGUAL SPEAKERS 346 33.7. MULTILINGUAL
APHASIA REHABILITATION 346 33.8. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS: THE
CEREBRAL ORGANIZATION OF LANGUAGES 347 34. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN
AGING LORAINE K. OBLER AND SEIJA PEKKALA 34.1. INTRODUCTION 351 34.2.
LANGUAGE CHANGES IN HEALTHY AGING 351 34.2.1. LEXICAL RETRIEVAL 351
34.2.2. LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION 352 34.2.3. ORAL LANGUAGE NARRATIVE
PRODUCTION 352 34.2.4. WRITTEN LANGUAGE 353 34.3. AGING AND BILINGUALISM
353 34.4. DISTINGUISHING LANGUAGE IN HEALTHY AGING FROM THAT IN MILD
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND AD 353 34.4.1. LEXICAL RETRIEVAL IN MCI AND AD
354 34.4.2. COMPREHENSION IN MCI AND AD 354 34.4.3. SPONTANEOUS SPEECH
AND CONVERSATION IN MCI AND AD 355 34.5. EXPLANATIONS FOR LANGUAGE
CHANGES IN HEALTHY AGING 355 34.5.1. NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTIONAL-ANATOMICAL
EXPLANATIONS 355 34.5.2. LANGUAGE-LEVEL EXPLANATIONS 356 34.5.3.
COGNITIVE-LEVEL EXPLANATIONS 356 34.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
356 B. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 35.
ACQUIRED EPILEPTIFORM APHASIA OR LANDAU-KLEFFNER SYNDROME: CLINICAL AND
LINGUISTIC ASPECTS GIANFRANCO DENES 35.1. INTRODUCTION 361 35.1.1.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OFC.S. 361 35.1.2. LANGUAGE EXAMINATION OF
C.S. 362 35.2. LANGUAGE REGRESSION AND EPILEPSY 362 35.2.1. CLINICAL
FEATURES OF LK SYNDROME OR AEA 362 35.3. THE NATURE OF THE LANGUAGE
DEFICIT 363 35.4. THE SPECTRUM OF REGRESSIVE LANGUAGE DISORDERS AND
EPILEPSY 364 35.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 364 36. LANGUAGE AND
COMMUNICATION IN WILLIAMS SYNDROME MAYADA ELSABBAGH 36.1. INTRODUCTION
367 36.2. LANGUAGE IN WS: THE EVIDENCE 368 36.3. THEORETICAL APPROACHES
TO THE NEUROCOGNITIVE STUDY OFWS 369 36.4. CHARACTERIZING LANGUAGE AND
COMMUNICATION IN WS 370 36.4.1. HEARING AND HYPERACUSIS 370 36.4.2.
AUDITORY PROCESSING 371 36.4.3. STATISTICAL LEARNING 371 36.4.4. THE
SOCIAL CONTEXT 372 36.4.5. INTERACTION AMONG LANGUAGE SYSTEMS 373 36.5.
LANGUAGE IN WS: CONNECTING THE DOTS 373 36.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 374 CONTENTS XV 37, LANGUAGE AND AND ASPERGER SYNDROME LUCA
SUDAN AND MICHAEL SIEGAL 37.1. INTRODUCTION 377 37.2. LANGUAGE DEFICITS
IN AUTISM 378 37.2.1. PHONOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, AND SYNTAX 378 37'.2.2.
LEXICAL SEMANTICS 379 37.2.3. PRAGMATICS 380 37.2.4. PROSODY 381 37.2.5.
READING 381 37.3. EXPLAINING LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION DEFICITS INASD
381 37.3.1. DO COMMUNICATION DEFICITS IN ASD RESULT FROM A MINDREADING
IMPAIRMENT? 382 37.3.2. ENHANCED PERCEPTUAL FUNCTIONING AND PRAGMATIC
DEVELOPMENT 383 37.4. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 384 39.
THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN APHASIA REHABILITATION LUISE SPRINGER 39.1.
INTRODUCTION 397 39.2. HOW TO APPROACH APHASIA THERAPY 398 39.3. A
STAGE-ORIENTED FRAMEWORK: FITTING THE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO THE STAGE
OF RECOVERY 399 39.3.1. ACTIVATION THERAPY 399 39.3.2.
IMPAIRMENT-SPECIFIC THERAPY 400 39.3.3. SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AND
CONSOLIDATION 400 39.4. SPECIFIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAI AND PSYCHOLINGUISTIC
APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF LEXICAL AND SYNTACTIC DISORDERS 402
39.4.1. THERAPY OF LEXICAL DISORDERS IN APHASIA 402 39.4.2. THERAPY OF
SYNTACTIC DISORDERS 403 39.5. EFFICACY STUDIES OF APHASIA THERAPY 405
39.6. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 405 C. RECOVERY FROM, TREATMENT
AND REHABILITATION OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 38.
SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY OF APHASIA STEFANO F. CAP PA 38.1. INTRODUCTION 389
38.1.1. CAN WE PREDICT THE POTENTIAL FOR RECOVERY? 389 38.2. SOUNDLY
ESTABLISHED FACTORS AFFECTING RECOVERY 390 38.2.1. LESION SIZE 390
38.2.2. LESION SITE 390 38.2.3. CLINICAL PICTURE 391 38.2.4. TIME
POST-ONSET 391 38.3. FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY 391
38.3.1. ETIOLOGY 391 38.3.2. HANDEDNESS 391 38.3.3. HEMISPHERIC
ASYMMETRIES 391 38.3.4. AGE 392 38.3.5. EDUCATION 392 38.3.6.
MULTILINGUALISM 392 38.3.7. MOOD, MOTIVATION, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT 392
38.3.8. SUMMARY 392 38.4. WHY SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY? 392 38.4.1.
NEUROGENESIS 393 38.4.2. REGRESSION OF HYPOPERFUSION AND DIASCHISIS 393
38.4.3. REMAPPING 393 38.4.4. SUMMARY 394 38.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS 394 40. THE PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF APHASIA ANDREW W.
LEE AND ARGYE E. HILLIS 40.1. INTRODUCTION 407 40.2. STROKE: HOW DOES IT
CAUSE LANGUAGE DEFICITS? 407 40.2.1. DO NEURONS DIE IMMEDIATELY? 408
40.2.2. THE ISCHEMIC PENUMBRA DEFINED BY THE DWI/PWI MISMATCH 408
40.2.3. THE DIFFUSION/PERFUSION MISMATCH IN APHASIA 408 40.2.4.
RESTORING LANGUAGE FUNCTION BY REPERFUSION 409 40.2.5. THE POTENTIAL FOR
NEUROPROTECTION 410 40.3. SUBACUTE (AND CHRONIC) STROKE: ENHANCING
NEURAL TRANSMISSION AND NEUROPLASTICITY 411 40.3.1. CHOLINESTERASE
INHIBITORS 411 40.3.2. PIRACETAM 412 40.3.3. BROMOCRIPTINE 412 40.3.4.
DEXAMPHETAMINE 412 40.3.5. ANTIDEPRESSANTS 413 40.4. SUMMARY: THE STATE
OF PLAY OF PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTION IN APHASIA 413 40.5. CHALLENGES
AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 413 41. RECOVERY AND TREATMENT OF ACQUIRED READING
AND SPELLING DISORDERS ANNA BASSO 41.1. INTRODUCTION 417 41.2.
ILLUSTRATIVE CASES 418 XI XVI CONTENTS 32 32 32 32 32 32. 32. 32. 32:
41.2.1. LETTER-BY-LETTER DYSLEXIA (OR PURE ALEXIA) 418 41.2.2. DEEP
DYSLEXIA 419 41.2.3. SURFACE DYSLEXIA 419 41.2.4. PHONOLOGICAL DYSLEXIA
420 41.2.5. DEEP DYSGRAPHIA 420 41.2.6. SURFACE (OR LEXICAL) DYSGRAPHIA
420 41.2.7. PHONOLOGICAL DYSGRAPHIA 420 41.3. LIMITS OF THE
SYNDROME-BASED APPROACH 420 41.4. SUGGESTED TREATMENT OF THE LEXICAL
COMPONENTS 421 41.4.1. ORTHOGRAPHIC INPUT BUFFER (ABSTRACT LETTER
IDENTIFICATION) 421 41.4.2. CONVERSION MECHANISMS 422 41.4.3. SEMANTIC
SYSTEM 422 41.4.4. INPUT LEXICONS (COMPONENTS B, G) 423 41.4.5. OUTPUT
LEXICONS (COMPONENTS D, H) 423 41.4.6. OUTPUT BUFFERS (COMPONENTS E, I)
423 41.5. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 423 42. THE ROLE OF
ELECTRONIC DEVICES IN THE REHABILITATION OF LANGUAGE DISORDERS BRIAN
PETHERAM AND PAM ENDERBY 42.1. INTRODUCTION 427 42.2. PROVISION OF
THERAPY 428 42.3. COMPUTER-BASED TREATMENT AND LANGUAGE 42.4. DIAGNOSIS
AND ASSESSMENT 429 42.5. OUTCOME MEASUREMENT AND AUDIT 430 42.6.
ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION 430 42.7. SUPPORT FOR EVERYDAY LIFE 431 42.8.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 431 PART RESOURCES 43. RESOURCE S IN
THE NEUROSCIENCE C LANGUAGE: A LISTING BRIGITTE STEMMER JOURNALS 435
BOOKS 437 SOURCE BOOKS 440 PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS AND SOCIETIES 441
GLOSSARY 443 INDEX 453 33. 33.: 33.: 33.' 33.' 33.( 33." 33. 34.1 34.2 |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:19:47Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:22:41Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780080453521 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016784073 |
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| physical | XXV, 463 S., [8] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
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| publisher | Elsevier AP |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Handbook of the neuroscience of language [ed. by] Brigitte Stemmer ... 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier AP 2008 XXV, 463 S., [8] Bl. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Neurolinguistics Language and languages / Physiological aspects Language disorders Neurolinguistique Langage et langues / Aspect physiologique Langage, Troubles du / Imagerie Langage et langues - Aspect physiologique Langage, Troubles du - Imagerie Sprache Language and languages Physiological aspects Neurolinguistik (DE-588)4041886-8 gnd rswk-swf Sprachstörung (DE-588)4056500-2 gnd rswk-swf Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd rswk-swf Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd rswk-swf Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 s Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 s Neurolinguistik (DE-588)4041886-8 s Sprachstörung (DE-588)4056500-2 s DE-604 Stemmer, Brigitte Sonstige oth SWBplus Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016784073&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Handbook of the neuroscience of language Neurolinguistics Language and languages / Physiological aspects Language disorders Neurolinguistique Langage et langues / Aspect physiologique Langage, Troubles du / Imagerie Langage et langues - Aspect physiologique Langage, Troubles du - Imagerie Sprache Language and languages Physiological aspects Neurolinguistik (DE-588)4041886-8 gnd Sprachstörung (DE-588)4056500-2 gnd Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4041886-8 (DE-588)4056500-2 (DE-588)4056449-6 (DE-588)4135740-1 |
| title | Handbook of the neuroscience of language |
| title_auth | Handbook of the neuroscience of language |
| title_exact_search | Handbook of the neuroscience of language |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Handbook of the neuroscience of language |
| title_full | Handbook of the neuroscience of language [ed. by] Brigitte Stemmer ... |
| title_fullStr | Handbook of the neuroscience of language [ed. by] Brigitte Stemmer ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Handbook of the neuroscience of language [ed. by] Brigitte Stemmer ... |
| title_short | Handbook of the neuroscience of language |
| title_sort | handbook of the neuroscience of language |
| topic | Neurolinguistics Language and languages / Physiological aspects Language disorders Neurolinguistique Langage et langues / Aspect physiologique Langage, Troubles du / Imagerie Langage et langues - Aspect physiologique Langage, Troubles du - Imagerie Sprache Language and languages Physiological aspects Neurolinguistik (DE-588)4041886-8 gnd Sprachstörung (DE-588)4056500-2 gnd Sprache (DE-588)4056449-6 gnd Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Neurolinguistics Language and languages / Physiological aspects Language disorders Neurolinguistique Langage et langues / Aspect physiologique Langage, Troubles du / Imagerie Langage et langues - Aspect physiologique Langage, Troubles du - Imagerie Sprache Language and languages Physiological aspects Neurolinguistik Sprachstörung Neuropsychologie |
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