Nanoscience and nanotechnology: environmental and health impacts
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hoboken, NJ
Wiley
2008
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIV, 469 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780470081037 0470081031 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Nanoscience and nanotechnology |b environmental and health impacts |c ed. by Vicki H. Grassian |
| 264 | 1 | |a Hoboken, NJ |b Wiley |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XXIV, 469 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanostructured materials / Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanostructured materials / Health aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanotechnology / Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanotechnology / Health aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanotechnologie - Aspect de l'environnement | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanotechnologie - Aspect sanitaire | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental Exposure |x analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental Pollutants |x toxicity | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanostructured materials |x Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanostructured materials |x Health aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanostructures | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanotechnology |x Environmental aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanotechnology |x Health aspects | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanotechnology |x trends | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Risk Assessment | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Gesundheit |0 (DE-588)4020754-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Umweltgefährdung |0 (DE-588)4346327-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Nanotechnologie |0 (DE-588)4327470-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Grassian, Vicki H. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016777679&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016777679 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138081942503425 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface
xv¡¡
Contributors
„„.·
ллі
PART I ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH IMPACTS
OF NANOMATERIALS: OVERVIEW AND CHALLENGES
1
1.
Nanomaterials and the Environment
3
Mai A. Ngo, Suzette Smiley-Jewell, Peter Aldous, and Kent
E. Pinke
non
1.1
Introduction
3
1.2
Nanomaterials and the Environment
5
1.2.1
Exposure
6
1.2.2
Fate and Transport
6
1.2.3
Transformation
7
1.3
Nanomaterials and Biological Systems
8
1.3.1
Exposure and Absorption
9
1.3.2
Distribution
10
1.3.3
Metabolism
11
1.3.4
Excretion
12
1.4
Conclusions and Directions for the Future
12
References
13
2.
Assessing the Life Cycle Environmental Implications
of Nanomanufacturing: Opportunities and Challenges
19
Vikas
Khanna, Yi Zhang. Geoffrey Grubb, and Bhavik R. Bakshi
2.1
Introduction
19
2.2
Life Cycle Assessment and Challenges
20
2.2.1
LCA Approach
20
2.2.2
Nanotechnology LCA Challenges
23
2.3
Life Cycle Assessment of Nanotechnology
24
2.3.1
Expected Benefits
24
2.3.2
Existing Work
24
2.3.3
Inventory for LCA of Nanotechnology
25
vii
VIU
CONTENTS
2.4
Carbon Nanofibers:
A Case Study
26
2.4.1
Life Cycle
Energy
Analysis
27
2.4.2
Environmental LCA of
Carbon Nanofibers
28
2.5
Discussion of
Nanotechnology LCA
29
2.6
Future Directions: Predictive Approaches
for LCA of Nanotechnology
32
2.6.1
Input Side Indicators of Life Cycle Environmental Impact
32
2.6.2
Predictive Toxicology and Applications for Nanotechnology
35
2.7
Summary
39
References
40
3.
An Integrated Approach Toward Understanding
the Environmental Fate, Transport,
Toxicity,
and Health Hazards of Nanomaterials
43
John M. Pettibone,
Sheme
Eìzey,
and Vicki H. Grassian
3.1
Introduction
43
3.2
Importance of an Integrated Approach Toward
Understanding the Environmental Fate, Transport,
Toxicity,
and Health Hazards of Nanomaterials
46
3.2.1
Recommendations from Recent Workshop
and Agency Reports
46
3.2.2
Nanoparticle Characterization: Bulk
and Surface Properties
47
3.2.3
Nanoparticle Characterization in Air and Water
53
3.2.4
Testing Strategies and Commonly Used Markers
for Inflammation and Response, the Need for Additional
In Vivo Measurements for Nanoparticles
57
3.2.5
Example of a Combined Characterization
and Toxicological Study Design for Inhaled
Nanomaterials and a Review of Some Recent Results
61
3.3
Future Issues and Needs
62
Acknowledgments
63
References
63
PART II FATE AND TRANSPORT OF NANOMATERIALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT
69
4.
Properties of Commercial Nanoparticles that Affect
Their Removal During Water Treatment
71
Paul
Westerhoff, Yang
Zhang, John Crittenden, and Yongsheng Chen
4.1
Introduction
71
4.2
Nanoparticle Properties
71
4.2.1
Types of Nanoparticles
71
CONTENTS
ІХ
4.2.2
Partide
Size
72
4.2.3
Surface Charge
75
4.2.4
Quantification of Nanoparticles in Water
75
4.3
Nanoparticle Removal Mechanisms During
Water Treatment
76
4.3.1
Coagulation
77
4.3.2
Flocculation and Sedimentation
81
4.3.3
Filtration
84
4.4
Conclusions
85
Acknowledgments
86
References
86
5.
Transport and Retention of Nanomaterials in Porous Media
91
Kurt D. Pennell, Jed
Costanza,
and Yonggang Wang
5.1
Introduction
91
5.2
The Subsurface Environment
92
5.3
Nanomaterial Transport and Retention in Porous Media
92
5.3.1
Nanoparticle Transport and Filtration
95
5.3.2
Nanoparticle Aggregation
99
5.3.3
Nanoparticle-Solid Interactions
102
5.3.4
Nanoparticle Retention
103
5.4
Summary
104
Acknowledgments
105
References
105
6.
Transport of Nanomaterials in Unsaturated Porous Media
107
Lixia Chen and
Tohren CG.
Kibbey
6.1
Introduction
107
6.2
Major Mechanisms Influencing Saturated and Unsaturated
Transport of Colloids and Nanomaterials
108
6.2.1
Transport of Colloids and Nanomaterials
in Saturated Porous Media
108
6.2.2
Transport of Colloids and Nanomaterials
in Unsaturated Porous Media
112
6.3
Capillary Pressure-Saturation
(Pc
-5)
Relationships
and Air-Water
Interfacial
Area in the Unsaturated Zone
115
6.3.1
Capillary Pressure-Saturation
(Pç-S)
Relationships of Porous Media
115
6.3.2
Air-Water
Interfacial
Areas in Porous Media
117
6.4
Mobilization and Transport of Colloids
During Drainage and Imbibition
118
6.5
Experimental Materials and Methods
119
6.5.1
Materials 119
X
CONTENTS
6.5.2
Air-Water
Interfacial
Area Measurement
120
6.5.3
Unsaturated Transport of SnCb and Latex
Nanoparticles During Primary Drainage
120
6.5.4
Saturated Transport of SnO2 and Latex Nanoparticles
122
6.6
Results and Discussion
122
6.6.1
Saturated Transport of SnO2 and Latex Nanoparticles
122
6.6.2
Dynamic Unsaturated Retention of SnCb and Latex
Nanoparticles During Primary Drainage
124
6.6.3
The Dependence of Dynamic Unsaturated Retention
of SnCb and Latex Nanoparticles on the Air-Water
Interfacial
Area During Primary Drainage
125
6.7
Conclusions
126
Acknowledgments
127
References
127
7.
Surface Oxides on Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Effects on
CNT Stability and
Sorption
Properties in Aquatic Environments
133
Howard Fairbrother, Billy Smith, Josh
Wnuk,
Kevin Wepasnick,
William P. Ball, Hyunhee Cho, and Fazlullah K. Bangash
7.1
Overview
133
7.2
Background
134
7.2.1
Oxidation of Carbon Nanotubes
135
7.2.2
Influence of Surface Chemistry on the Environmental
Impact of Carbon Nanotubes
136
7.3
Preparation of Oxidized MWCNTs
137
7.3.1
Source of CNTs
137
7.3.2
Oxidative Treatment
137
7.4
Characterization of Oxidized Carbon Nanotubes
138
7.4.1
Effects of Oxidation on the Physical
Characteristics of MWCNTs
138
7.4.2
Effects of Oxidation on the Chemical
Composition of MWCNTs
140
7.5
Influence of Surface Oxides on the Aquatic
Stability of MWCNTs
145
7.6
Influence of Surface Oxides on the
Sorption
Properties of MWCNTs
149
7.6.1
Effects of Surface Oxides on Naphthalene
Sorption
with MWCNTs
149
7.6.2
Effects of Surface Oxides on Zinc
Sorption
with MWCNTs
150
7.7
Summary
151
References
152
CONTENTS
XI
8. Chemical
and Photochemical Reactivity of
Fullerenes
in the Aqueous Phase
159
John D.
Fortner,
Jaesang Lee, Jae-Hong Kim, and Joseph B. Hughes
8.1
Introduction
159
8.2
C60 Properties
160
8.2.1
Structure
160
8.2.2
Solid Qo
161
8.2.3
Solubility
162
8.2.4
Spectroscopie
Properties
163
8.2.5
Aromaticky
164
8.2.6
Reactivity
168
8.3
Fullerenes
in Water
171
8.3.1
Water-Stable Ceo Aggregates
172
8.3.2
Formation and Properties
173
8.3.3
Surface Chemistry
174
8.4
Photochemical Reactivity of
Fullerene
in the Aqueous Phase
176
8.4.1
Introduction
176
8.4.2
Experimental
177
8.4.3
Comparing Photochemical Production of O2
by
Сбо
in Organic Solvent and Water-stable
C60 Aggregates
178
8.4.4
Photochemical Production of O2 by C60 Associated
with Polymer and Surfactant in Aqueous Phase
180
8.4.5
Photochemical Production of O2 ~ by nC60
and C60 Associated with
PVP
and
TX
100
in
Aqueous Phase
182
8.4.6
Environmental Significance
182
8.5
Reaction of Water-stable
Сад
Aggregates with Ozone
183
8.5.1
Introduction
183
8.5.2
Experimental
183
8.5.3
Reaction Kinetics
184
8.5.4
Product Characterization
185
8.5.5
Environmental Significance
188
8.6
Conclusions
188
References
189
9.
Bacterial Interactions with CdSe Quantum Dots
and Environmental Implications
197
Jay
L
Nadeau, John H.
Priester,
Galen D. Stucky, and Patricia A.
Holden
9.1
Introduction l97
9.1.1
Nanoparticles 197
ХМ
CONTENTS
9.1.2 CdSe Quantum
Dots
198
9.1.3
Bacteria
200
9.2
Effects of Abiotic Factors on QD Fluorescence
and Stability
201
9.3
Bacterial
Microenvironments
and Physical Associations
with Nanoparticles
204
9.4
Biophysiochemical Interactions Between Bacteria
and Quantum Dots
207
9.4.1
QD Labeling, Uptake, Breakdown, and
Toxicity
in Bacteria
207
9.4.2
Electron Transfer from Bacteria to Nanoparticles
213
9.4.3
Nanocrystal Formation in Cells
214
9.5
Microbial Ecological Implications
215
9.6
Environmental Implications
216
9.7
Research Needs
218
9.8
Conclusions
220
Acknowledgments
221
References
221
PART HI
TOXICITY
AND HEALTH HAZARDS
OF NANOMATERIALS
233
10.
Potential
Toxicity
of
Fullerenes
and Molecular Modeling
of Their Transport across
Lipid
Membranes
235
Dmitry I. Kopelevich, Jean-Claude Bonzongo, Ryan A. Tasseff, Jie
Gao,
Young-Min Ban, and Gabriel
Bitton
10.1
Introduction
235
10.1.1
Toxicity
of Environmental Contaminants
at the Organismal Level
236
10.1.2
Molecular Modeling of Interaction of Carbon-based
MN with Cell Membranes
237
10.2
Methods
238
10.2.1
Determination of the Potential
Toxicity
of
Fullerenes
(Сад)
Using
Microbiotests 238
10.2.2
Impacts of
С^
on Microbial Degradation
of Organic Matter in Sediment Slurries
240
10.2.3
Model Development for the Assessment of MNs
Ability to Cross Cell Membranes
240
10.3
Results
247
10.3.1
Experimental Assessment of the
Toxicity
of Coo Using
Microbiotests
and Sediment
Indigenous Microorganisms
247
10.3.2
Modeling Results
249
CONTENTS
ХІІІ
10.4
Discussion
and Conclusions
255
Acknowledgments
256
References
256
11.
In Vitro Models for Nanoparticle Toxicology
261
John M. Veranth
11.1
Introduction
261
11.1.1
Benefits of In Vitro Testing for Particle Toxicology
262
11.1.2
Cells and Methods
264
11.1.3
Commonly Studied Toxicology End Points
265
11.2
Cell Responses to Nanomaterials
267
11.2.1
Effect of Particle Size
267
11.2.2
Comparisons of Different Nanoparticle Types
and
Toxicity
Mechanisms
268
11.2.3
Particle Uptake Studies
269
11.2.4
Cell Model Differences
270
11.2.5
Comparisons of In Vitro and In Vivo Results
271
11.2.6
Summary
272
11.3
Quantitative Considerations in Designing In Vitro Studies
272
11.3.1
Length Scale Issues
272
11.3.2
Timescale Issues
274
11.3.3
Dose and Concentration Issues
276
11.4
Particle-induced Artifacts In Vitro
279
11.4.1
Adsorption of Assay Reagents
280
11.4.2
Adsorption of Cytokines
280
11.4.3
Adsorption of Nutrients
281
11.5
In Vitro Assay Development and Validation
281
References
282
12.
Biological Activity of Mineral Fibers and Carbon Particulates:
Implications for Nanoparticle
Toxicity
and the Role
of Surface Chemistry
287
Prabir K. Dutta, John F. Long, Marshall V. Williams, and W. James Waldman
12.1
Correlation of Biological Properties of Natural
Minerals with Structure
287
12.1.1
Characteristics of Zeolites
289
12.1.2
Cell-Fiber Interactions
289
12.1.3
Chemical Studies: Fenton Chemistry
295
12.1.4
Mutagenicity
298
12.1.5
Discussion: Correlation of Biological
Activity with Structure
300
XIV
CONTENTS
12.2.
Correlations of Structure with Biological
Response of Particulates
303
12.2.1
Internalization and
Toxicity
of Particulates
304
12.2.2
Particulate-induced
Macrophage
Oxidative Burst
304
12.2.3
Macrophage-mediated Endothelial
Activation by Particulates
304
12.2.4
Quantitation of Particulate-induced TNF-oe
Production by
Macrophages
308
12.2.5
Determination of Fenton Activity of Particles
310
12.2.6
Discussion: Correlation of Biological Activity
with Structure
311
Acknowledgments
312
References
312
13.
Growth and Some Enzymatic Responses of
E. Coli
to Photocatalytic TiO2
319
Ayca Erdem,
Dan Cha,
and
Chin Pao
Huang
13.1
Introduction
319
13.2
Factors Affecting the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2
with Respect to Bacterial Inactivation
320
13.2.1
Light Intensity
320
13.2.2
Light Source and Wavelength
321
13.2.3 pH
323
13.2.4
Temperature
324
13.2.5
O2/N2
Atmosphere
325
13.3
Target Organism
326
13.3.1
Type of Bacteria
326
13.3.2
Growth Phase
327
13.3.3
Growth Media
327
13.4
Toxicological Effects of Nanoparticles
329
13.4.1
Ecotoxicity
329
13.4.2
Toxicity
on Human Health
330
13.5
Killing Mechanisms
332
13.5.1
TiO2/UV
Process
332
13.5.2
Cell Membrane Damage
333
13.5.3
Enzymatic Response: Glutathione
S-Transferase Activity
335
13.5.4
Genetic Response:
DNA
Damage
336
13.5.5
Overall Killing Mechanisms
338
13.6
Summary
339
Acknowledgments
340
References
340
CONTENTS
XV
14.
unavailability, Trophic Transfer, and
Toxicity
of Manufactured Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
in Terrestrial Environments
345
Jason Unrine, Paul Bertsch, and
Simona
Hunyadi
14.1
Introduction
345
14.2
Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles, Their Uses, and Properties
347
14.3
Chemical Speciation, Bioavailability, and
Toxicity
of Metals
349
14.4
Factors Likely to Influence
Bioaccumulation
and Trophic Transfer of Nanoparticles
352
14.5
The Surface and Environmental Modifications of the Surface
356
14.6
Summary and Research Needs
359
Acknowledgments
360
References
360
15.
Health Effects of Inhaled Engineered Nanoscale Materials
367
Amy K. Madl and Kent
E. Pinkerton
15.1
Introduction
367
15.1.1
What is a Nanoparticle?
367
15.2
Considerations for Studying Inhaled
Engineered Nanomaterials
368
15.2.1
Potential Inhalation Exposure of Nanoparticles
368
15.2.2
General Concepts of Pulmonary Deposition
and Clearance of Nanoparticles
369
15.2.3
Instillation Versus Inhalation Studies
371
15.2.4
Aerosol Characterization for Inhalation Studies
373
15.3
Respiratory Toxicology Studies of Engineered Nanomaterials
374
15.3.1
Nanoscale Titanium Dioxide Particles
377
15.3.2
Nanotubes
379
15.3.3
Nanowires
381
15.3.4
Nanosized Model Particles
382
15.3.5
Extrapulmonary Transport of Inhaled
Nanosized Particles
385
15.4
Bridging the Knowledge Gap Between Experimental
Studies and Human Exposures
387
15.4.1
Human Clinical Studies of Nanoparticles
387
15.4.2
Correlating Nanoparticle Exposure, Dosimetry,
and Health Effects
388
15.5
Considerations of Product Safety of Nanomaterials
390
15.6
Conclusion
392
Acknowledgment
393
References
393
XVI
CONTENTS
16. Neurotoxicity
of Manufactured Nanoparticles
405
Jaime
M.
Hatcher, Dean P. Jones, Gary W. Miller, and Kurt D. Pennell
16.1
Introduction
405
16.1.1
Nanoparticle Inhalation and Pulmonary Response
407
16.1.2
Nanoparticle
Translocation
to the Central
Nervous System
408
16.2
Neurotoxicity
411
16.2.1
Neuroinflammation
411
16.2.2
Oxidative Stress
413
16.3
Implications for Neurodegeneration
420
16.4
Summary and Conclusions
420
References
421
17.
Occupational Health Hazards of Nanoparticles
429
Patrick T. O Shaughnessy
17.1
Introduction
17.2
Nanoparticle Hazards
17.2.1
Historical Perspective
17.2.2
Nanoparticle Properties
17.3
Nanoparticle Detection Instruments and Assessment Strategies
17.3.1
Overview of Available Instruments and Methods
17.3.2
Nanoparticle Characterization
17.3.3
Site Assessments
17.4
Nanoparticle Control
17.4.1
Filter Media Tests
17.4.2
Respirator Tests
17.5
Nanoparticle Risk Management
17.5.1
Risk Assessment Methods
17.6
Summary
References
Index
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
Preface
xv¡¡
Contributors
„„.·
ллі
PART I ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH IMPACTS
OF NANOMATERIALS: OVERVIEW AND CHALLENGES
1
1.
Nanomaterials and the Environment
3
Mai A. Ngo, Suzette Smiley-Jewell, Peter Aldous, and Kent
E. Pinke
non
1.1
Introduction
3
1.2
Nanomaterials and the Environment
5
1.2.1
Exposure
6
1.2.2
Fate and Transport
6
1.2.3
Transformation
7
1.3
Nanomaterials and Biological Systems
8
1.3.1
Exposure and Absorption
9
1.3.2
Distribution
10
1.3.3
Metabolism
11
1.3.4
Excretion
12
1.4
Conclusions and Directions for the Future
12
References
13
2.
Assessing the Life Cycle Environmental Implications
of Nanomanufacturing: Opportunities and Challenges
19
Vikas
Khanna, Yi Zhang. Geoffrey Grubb, and Bhavik R. Bakshi
2.1
Introduction
19
2.2
Life Cycle Assessment and Challenges
20
2.2.1
LCA Approach
20
2.2.2
Nanotechnology LCA Challenges
23
2.3
Life Cycle Assessment of Nanotechnology
24
2.3.1
Expected Benefits
24
2.3.2
Existing Work
24
2.3.3
Inventory for LCA of Nanotechnology
25
vii
VIU
CONTENTS
2.4
Carbon Nanofibers:
A Case Study
26
2.4.1
Life Cycle
Energy
Analysis
27
2.4.2
Environmental LCA of
Carbon Nanofibers
28
2.5
Discussion of
Nanotechnology LCA
29
2.6
Future Directions: Predictive Approaches
for LCA of Nanotechnology
32
2.6.1
Input Side Indicators of Life Cycle Environmental Impact
32
2.6.2
Predictive Toxicology and Applications for Nanotechnology
35
2.7
Summary
39
References
40
3.
An Integrated Approach Toward Understanding
the Environmental Fate, Transport,
Toxicity,
and Health Hazards of Nanomaterials
43
John M. Pettibone,
Sheme
Eìzey,
and Vicki H. Grassian
3.1
Introduction
43
3.2
Importance of an Integrated Approach Toward
Understanding the Environmental Fate, Transport,
Toxicity,
and Health Hazards of Nanomaterials
46
3.2.1
Recommendations from Recent Workshop
and Agency Reports
46
3.2.2
Nanoparticle Characterization: Bulk
and Surface Properties
47
3.2.3
Nanoparticle Characterization in Air and Water
53
3.2.4
Testing Strategies and Commonly Used Markers
for Inflammation and Response, the Need for Additional
In Vivo Measurements for Nanoparticles
57
3.2.5
Example of a Combined Characterization
and Toxicological Study Design for Inhaled
Nanomaterials and a Review of Some Recent Results
61
3.3
Future Issues and Needs
62
Acknowledgments
63
References
63
PART II FATE AND TRANSPORT OF NANOMATERIALS
IN THE ENVIRONMENT
69
4.
Properties of Commercial Nanoparticles that Affect
Their Removal During Water Treatment
71
Paul
Westerhoff, Yang
Zhang, John Crittenden, and Yongsheng Chen
4.1
Introduction
71
4.2
Nanoparticle Properties
71
4.2.1
Types of Nanoparticles
71
CONTENTS
ІХ
4.2.2
Partide
Size
72
4.2.3
Surface Charge
75
4.2.4
Quantification of Nanoparticles in Water
75
4.3
Nanoparticle Removal Mechanisms During
Water Treatment
76
4.3.1
Coagulation
77
4.3.2
Flocculation and Sedimentation
81
4.3.3
Filtration
84
4.4
Conclusions
85
Acknowledgments
86
References
86
5.
Transport and Retention of Nanomaterials in Porous Media
91
Kurt D. Pennell, Jed
Costanza,
and Yonggang Wang
5.1
Introduction
91
5.2
The Subsurface Environment
92
5.3
Nanomaterial Transport and Retention in Porous Media
92
5.3.1
Nanoparticle Transport and Filtration
95
5.3.2
Nanoparticle Aggregation
99
5.3.3
Nanoparticle-Solid Interactions
102
5.3.4
Nanoparticle Retention
103
5.4
Summary
104
Acknowledgments
105
References
105
6.
Transport of Nanomaterials in Unsaturated Porous Media
107
Lixia Chen and
Tohren CG.
Kibbey
6.1
Introduction
107
6.2
Major Mechanisms Influencing Saturated and Unsaturated
Transport of Colloids and Nanomaterials
108
6.2.1
Transport of Colloids and Nanomaterials
in Saturated Porous Media
108
6.2.2
Transport of Colloids and Nanomaterials
in Unsaturated Porous Media
112
6.3
Capillary Pressure-Saturation
(Pc
-5)
Relationships
and Air-Water
Interfacial
Area in the Unsaturated Zone
115
6.3.1
Capillary Pressure-Saturation
(Pç-S)
Relationships of Porous Media
115
6.3.2
Air-Water
Interfacial
Areas in Porous Media
117
6.4
Mobilization and Transport of Colloids
During Drainage and Imbibition
118
6.5
Experimental Materials and Methods
119
6.5.1
Materials 119
X
CONTENTS
6.5.2
Air-Water
Interfacial
Area Measurement
120
6.5.3
Unsaturated Transport of SnCb and Latex
Nanoparticles During Primary Drainage
120
6.5.4
Saturated Transport of SnO2 and Latex Nanoparticles
122
6.6
Results and Discussion
122
6.6.1
Saturated Transport of SnO2 and Latex Nanoparticles
122
6.6.2
Dynamic Unsaturated Retention of SnCb and Latex
Nanoparticles During Primary Drainage
124
6.6.3
The Dependence of Dynamic Unsaturated Retention
of SnCb and Latex Nanoparticles on the Air-Water
Interfacial
Area During Primary Drainage
125
6.7
Conclusions
126
Acknowledgments
127
References
127
7.
Surface Oxides on Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Effects on
CNT Stability and
Sorption
Properties in Aquatic Environments
133
Howard Fairbrother, Billy Smith, Josh
Wnuk,
Kevin Wepasnick,
William P. Ball, Hyunhee Cho, and Fazlullah K. Bangash
7.1
Overview
133
7.2
Background
134
7.2.1
Oxidation of Carbon Nanotubes
135
7.2.2
Influence of Surface Chemistry on the Environmental
Impact of Carbon Nanotubes
136
7.3
Preparation of Oxidized MWCNTs
137
7.3.1
Source of CNTs
137
7.3.2
Oxidative Treatment
137
7.4
Characterization of Oxidized Carbon Nanotubes
138
7.4.1
Effects of Oxidation on the Physical
Characteristics of MWCNTs
138
7.4.2
Effects of Oxidation on the Chemical
Composition of MWCNTs
140
7.5
Influence of Surface Oxides on the Aquatic
Stability of MWCNTs
145
7.6
Influence of Surface Oxides on the
Sorption
Properties of MWCNTs
149
7.6.1
Effects of Surface Oxides on Naphthalene
Sorption
with MWCNTs
149
7.6.2
Effects of Surface Oxides on Zinc
Sorption
with MWCNTs
150
7.7
Summary
151
References
152
CONTENTS
XI
8. Chemical
and Photochemical Reactivity of
Fullerenes
in the Aqueous Phase
159
John D.
Fortner,
Jaesang Lee, Jae-Hong Kim, and Joseph B. Hughes
8.1
Introduction
159
8.2
C60 Properties
160
8.2.1
Structure
160
8.2.2
Solid Qo
161
8.2.3
Solubility
162
8.2.4
Spectroscopie
Properties
163
8.2.5
Aromaticky
164
8.2.6
Reactivity
168
8.3
Fullerenes
in Water
171
8.3.1
Water-Stable Ceo Aggregates
172
8.3.2
Formation and Properties
173
8.3.3
Surface Chemistry
174
8.4
Photochemical Reactivity of
Fullerene
in the Aqueous Phase
176
8.4.1
Introduction
176
8.4.2
Experimental
177
8.4.3
Comparing Photochemical Production of 'O2
by
Сбо
in Organic Solvent and Water-stable
C60 Aggregates
178
8.4.4
Photochemical Production of 'O2 by C60 Associated
with Polymer and Surfactant in Aqueous Phase
180
8.4.5
Photochemical Production of O2'~ by nC60
and C60 Associated with
PVP
and
TX
100
in
Aqueous Phase
182
8.4.6
Environmental Significance
182
8.5
Reaction of Water-stable
Сад
Aggregates with Ozone
183
8.5.1
Introduction
183
8.5.2
Experimental
183
8.5.3
Reaction Kinetics
184
8.5.4
Product Characterization
185
8.5.5
Environmental Significance
188
8.6
Conclusions
188
References
189
9.
Bacterial Interactions with CdSe Quantum Dots
and Environmental Implications
197
Jay
L
Nadeau, John H.
Priester,
Galen D. Stucky, and Patricia A.
Holden
9.1
Introduction l97
9.1.1
Nanoparticles 197
ХМ
CONTENTS
9.1.2 CdSe Quantum
Dots
198
9.1.3
Bacteria
200
9.2
Effects of Abiotic Factors on QD Fluorescence
and Stability
201
9.3
Bacterial
Microenvironments
and Physical Associations
with Nanoparticles
204
9.4
Biophysiochemical Interactions Between Bacteria
and Quantum Dots
207
9.4.1
QD Labeling, Uptake, Breakdown, and
Toxicity
in Bacteria
207
9.4.2
Electron Transfer from Bacteria to Nanoparticles
213
9.4.3
Nanocrystal Formation in Cells
214
9.5
Microbial Ecological Implications
215
9.6
Environmental Implications
216
9.7
Research Needs
218
9.8
Conclusions
220
Acknowledgments
221
References
221
PART HI
TOXICITY
AND HEALTH HAZARDS
OF NANOMATERIALS
233
10.
Potential
Toxicity
of
Fullerenes
and Molecular Modeling
of Their Transport across
Lipid
Membranes
235
Dmitry I. Kopelevich, Jean-Claude Bonzongo, Ryan A. Tasseff, Jie
Gao,
Young-Min Ban, and Gabriel
Bitton
10.1
Introduction
235
10.1.1
Toxicity
of Environmental Contaminants
at the Organismal Level
236
10.1.2
Molecular Modeling of Interaction of Carbon-based
MN with Cell Membranes
237
10.2
Methods
238
10.2.1
Determination of the Potential
Toxicity
of
Fullerenes
(Сад)
Using
Microbiotests 238
10.2.2
Impacts of
С^
on Microbial Degradation
of Organic Matter in Sediment Slurries
240
10.2.3
Model Development for the Assessment of MNs'
Ability to Cross Cell Membranes
240
10.3
Results
247
10.3.1
Experimental Assessment of the
Toxicity
of Coo Using
Microbiotests
and Sediment
Indigenous Microorganisms
247
10.3.2
Modeling Results
249
CONTENTS
ХІІІ
10.4
Discussion
and Conclusions
255
Acknowledgments
256
References
256
11.
In Vitro Models for Nanoparticle Toxicology
261
John M. Veranth
11.1
Introduction
261
11.1.1
Benefits of In Vitro Testing for Particle Toxicology
262
11.1.2
Cells and Methods
264
11.1.3
Commonly Studied Toxicology End Points
265
11.2
Cell Responses to Nanomaterials
267
11.2.1
Effect of Particle Size
267
11.2.2
Comparisons of Different Nanoparticle Types
and
Toxicity
Mechanisms
268
11.2.3
Particle Uptake Studies
269
11.2.4
Cell Model Differences
270
11.2.5
Comparisons of In Vitro and In Vivo Results
271
11.2.6
Summary
272
11.3
Quantitative Considerations in Designing In Vitro Studies
272
11.3.1
Length Scale Issues
272
11.3.2
Timescale Issues
274
11.3.3
Dose and Concentration Issues
276
11.4
Particle-induced Artifacts In Vitro
279
11.4.1
Adsorption of Assay Reagents
280
11.4.2
Adsorption of Cytokines
280
11.4.3
Adsorption of Nutrients
281
11.5
In Vitro Assay Development and Validation
281
References
282
12.
Biological Activity of Mineral Fibers and Carbon Particulates:
Implications for Nanoparticle
Toxicity
and the Role
of Surface Chemistry
287
Prabir K. Dutta, John F. Long, Marshall V. Williams, and W. James Waldman
12.1
Correlation of Biological Properties of Natural
Minerals with Structure
287
12.1.1
Characteristics of Zeolites
289
12.1.2
Cell-Fiber Interactions
289
12.1.3
Chemical Studies: Fenton Chemistry
295
12.1.4
Mutagenicity
298
12.1.5
Discussion: Correlation of Biological
Activity with Structure
300
XIV
CONTENTS
12.2.
Correlations of Structure with Biological
Response of Particulates
303
12.2.1
Internalization and
Toxicity
of Particulates
304
12.2.2
Particulate-induced
Macrophage
Oxidative Burst
304
12.2.3
Macrophage-mediated Endothelial
Activation by Particulates
304
12.2.4
Quantitation of Particulate-induced TNF-oe
Production by
Macrophages
308
12.2.5
Determination of Fenton Activity of Particles
310
12.2.6
Discussion: Correlation of Biological Activity
with Structure
311
Acknowledgments
312
References
312
13.
Growth and Some Enzymatic Responses of
E. Coli
to Photocatalytic TiO2
319
Ayca Erdem,
Dan Cha,
and
Chin Pao
Huang
13.1
Introduction
319
13.2
Factors Affecting the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2
with Respect to Bacterial Inactivation
320
13.2.1
Light Intensity
320
13.2.2
Light Source and Wavelength
321
13.2.3 pH
323
13.2.4
Temperature
324
13.2.5
O2/N2
Atmosphere
325
13.3
Target Organism
326
13.3.1
Type of Bacteria
326
13.3.2
Growth Phase
327
13.3.3
Growth Media
327
13.4
Toxicological Effects of Nanoparticles
329
13.4.1
Ecotoxicity
329
13.4.2
Toxicity
on Human Health
330
13.5
Killing Mechanisms
332
13.5.1
TiO2/UV
Process
332
13.5.2
Cell Membrane Damage
333
13.5.3
Enzymatic Response: Glutathione
S-Transferase Activity
335
13.5.4
Genetic Response:
DNA
Damage
336
13.5.5
Overall Killing Mechanisms
338
13.6
Summary
339
Acknowledgments
340
References
340
CONTENTS
XV
14.
unavailability, Trophic Transfer, and
Toxicity
of Manufactured Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
in Terrestrial Environments
345
Jason Unrine, Paul Bertsch, and
Simona
Hunyadi
14.1
Introduction
345
14.2
Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles, Their Uses, and Properties
347
14.3
Chemical Speciation, Bioavailability, and
Toxicity
of Metals
349
14.4
Factors Likely to Influence
Bioaccumulation
and Trophic Transfer of Nanoparticles
352
14.5
The Surface and Environmental Modifications of the Surface
356
14.6
Summary and Research Needs
359
Acknowledgments
360
References
360
15.
Health Effects of Inhaled Engineered Nanoscale Materials
367
Amy K. Madl and Kent
E. Pinkerton
15.1
Introduction
367
15.1.1
What is a Nanoparticle?
367
15.2
Considerations for Studying Inhaled
Engineered Nanomaterials
368
15.2.1
Potential Inhalation Exposure of Nanoparticles
368
15.2.2
General Concepts of Pulmonary Deposition
and Clearance of Nanoparticles
369
15.2.3
Instillation Versus Inhalation Studies
371
15.2.4
Aerosol Characterization for Inhalation Studies
373
15.3
Respiratory Toxicology Studies of Engineered Nanomaterials
374
15.3.1
Nanoscale Titanium Dioxide Particles
377
15.3.2
Nanotubes
379
15.3.3
Nanowires
381
15.3.4
Nanosized Model Particles
382
15.3.5
Extrapulmonary Transport of Inhaled
Nanosized Particles
385
15.4
Bridging the Knowledge Gap Between Experimental
Studies and Human Exposures
387
15.4.1
Human Clinical Studies of Nanoparticles
387
15.4.2
Correlating Nanoparticle Exposure, Dosimetry,
and Health Effects
388
15.5
Considerations of Product Safety of Nanomaterials
390
15.6
Conclusion
392
Acknowledgment
393
References
393
XVI
CONTENTS
16. Neurotoxicity
of Manufactured Nanoparticles
405
Jaime
M.
Hatcher, Dean P. Jones, Gary W. Miller, and Kurt D. Pennell
16.1
Introduction
405
16.1.1
Nanoparticle Inhalation and Pulmonary Response
407
16.1.2
Nanoparticle
Translocation
to the Central
Nervous System
408
16.2
Neurotoxicity
411
16.2.1
Neuroinflammation
411
16.2.2
Oxidative Stress
413
16.3
Implications for Neurodegeneration
420
16.4
Summary and Conclusions
420
References
421
17.
Occupational Health Hazards of Nanoparticles
429
Patrick T. O'Shaughnessy
17.1
Introduction
17.2
Nanoparticle Hazards
17.2.1
Historical Perspective
17.2.2
Nanoparticle Properties
17.3
Nanoparticle Detection Instruments and Assessment Strategies
17.3.1
Overview of Available Instruments and Methods
17.3.2
Nanoparticle Characterization
17.3.3
Site Assessments
17.4
Nanoparticle Control
17.4.1
Filter Media Tests
17.4.2
Respirator Tests
17.5
Nanoparticle Risk Management
17.5.1
Risk Assessment Methods
17.6
Summary
References
Index |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:22:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780470081037 0470081031 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016777679 |
| oclc_num | 226355772 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-703 DE-29T DE-634 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-703 DE-29T DE-634 |
| physical | XXIV, 469 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Nanoscience and nanotechnology environmental and health impacts ed. by Vicki H. Grassian Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2008 XXIV, 469 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Nanostructured materials / Environmental aspects Nanostructured materials / Health aspects Nanotechnology / Environmental aspects Nanotechnology / Health aspects Nanotechnologie - Aspect de l'environnement Nanotechnologie - Aspect sanitaire Umwelt Environmental Exposure analysis Environmental Pollutants toxicity Nanostructured materials Environmental aspects Nanostructured materials Health aspects Nanostructures Nanotechnology Environmental aspects Nanotechnology Health aspects Nanotechnology trends Risk Assessment Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd rswk-swf Umweltgefährdung (DE-588)4346327-7 gnd rswk-swf Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 s Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 s DE-604 Umweltgefährdung (DE-588)4346327-7 s Grassian, Vicki H. Sonstige oth Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016777679&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Nanoscience and nanotechnology environmental and health impacts Nanostructured materials / Environmental aspects Nanostructured materials / Health aspects Nanotechnology / Environmental aspects Nanotechnology / Health aspects Nanotechnologie - Aspect de l'environnement Nanotechnologie - Aspect sanitaire Umwelt Environmental Exposure analysis Environmental Pollutants toxicity Nanostructured materials Environmental aspects Nanostructured materials Health aspects Nanostructures Nanotechnology Environmental aspects Nanotechnology Health aspects Nanotechnology trends Risk Assessment Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd Umweltgefährdung (DE-588)4346327-7 gnd Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020754-7 (DE-588)4346327-7 (DE-588)4327470-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Nanoscience and nanotechnology environmental and health impacts |
| title_auth | Nanoscience and nanotechnology environmental and health impacts |
| title_exact_search | Nanoscience and nanotechnology environmental and health impacts |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Nanoscience and nanotechnology environmental and health impacts |
| title_full | Nanoscience and nanotechnology environmental and health impacts ed. by Vicki H. Grassian |
| title_fullStr | Nanoscience and nanotechnology environmental and health impacts ed. by Vicki H. Grassian |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanoscience and nanotechnology environmental and health impacts ed. by Vicki H. Grassian |
| title_short | Nanoscience and nanotechnology |
| title_sort | nanoscience and nanotechnology environmental and health impacts |
| title_sub | environmental and health impacts |
| topic | Nanostructured materials / Environmental aspects Nanostructured materials / Health aspects Nanotechnology / Environmental aspects Nanotechnology / Health aspects Nanotechnologie - Aspect de l'environnement Nanotechnologie - Aspect sanitaire Umwelt Environmental Exposure analysis Environmental Pollutants toxicity Nanostructured materials Environmental aspects Nanostructured materials Health aspects Nanostructures Nanotechnology Environmental aspects Nanotechnology Health aspects Nanotechnology trends Risk Assessment Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd Umweltgefährdung (DE-588)4346327-7 gnd Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nanostructured materials / Environmental aspects Nanostructured materials / Health aspects Nanotechnology / Environmental aspects Nanotechnology / Health aspects Nanotechnologie - Aspect de l'environnement Nanotechnologie - Aspect sanitaire Umwelt Environmental Exposure analysis Environmental Pollutants toxicity Nanostructured materials Environmental aspects Nanostructured materials Health aspects Nanostructures Nanotechnology Environmental aspects Nanotechnology Health aspects Nanotechnology trends Risk Assessment Gesundheit Umweltgefährdung Nanotechnologie Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016777679&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT grassianvickih nanoscienceandnanotechnologyenvironmentalandhealthimpacts |