Essentials of pharmaceutical chemistry:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Pharmaceutical press
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 280 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780853697459 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Cairns, Donald |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Essentials of pharmaceutical chemistry |c Donald Cairns |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b Pharmaceutical press |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a X, 280 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Chimie pharmaceutique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Drug Stability | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pharmaceutical Preparations |x analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pharmaceutical Preparations |x chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pharmaceutical chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Structure-Activity Relationship | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface to the third edition xi
Acknowledgements xiii
About the author xv
1 Chemistry of acids and bases 1
Dissociation of weak acids and bases 3
Hydrolysis of salts 9
Amphiprotic salts 1 1
Buffer Solutions 11
Buffer capacity 14
Biological buffers 16
Ionisation of drugs 19
pKa values of drug molecules 20
pH indicators 20
Tutorial examples 23
Problems 28
2 Partition coefficient and biopharmacy 29
Experimental measurement of partition coefficient 33
Drug absorption, distribution and bioavailability 36
Passive diffusion 39
The pH partition hypothesis 40
Active transport mechanisms 44
The action of local anaesthetics 45
Excretion and reabsorption of drugs 48
Food and drink 50
Tutorial examples 51
Problems 56
viü Contents
3 Physicochemical properties of drugs 59
Carboxylic acids 59
Phenols 63
Warfarin 64
Phenylbutazone 67
Indometacin 67
Barbiturates 67
Phenytoin 69
Sulfonamides 69
Basic drugs 71
Basicity of heterocyclic compounds 73
Separation of mixtures 73
Tutorial examples 75
Problems 79
4 Stereochemistry °3
Polarimetry 84
Biological Systems 88
Fischer projections 89
Stereochemistry case study: thalidomide 97
Geometrical isomerism 99
Tutorial examples 101
Problems 103
5 Drug metabolism 1
Metabolie pathways 106
Cytochromes P450 107
Enzyme induetion and Inhibition 111
Drug conjugation reactions (Phase 2) 112
Stereochemistry 119
Metabolie pathways for common drugs 120
Tutorial example 128
Problems 130
133
6 Volumetrie analysis of drugs
Volumetrie flask 134
Pipette 134
Burettes 135
Units of concentration 135
Contents ix
Concentration of active ingredients 138
Design of an assay 1 38
Practical points 141
Back and blank titrations 144
Assay of unit-dose medicines 147
Non-aqueous titrations 149
REDOX titrations 150
Compleximetric titrations 152
Argentimetric titrations 154
Limit tests 154
Problems 155
7 Analytical spectroscopy 159
Effect of pH on spectra 164
Instrumentation 168
Experimental measurement of absorbance 170
Dilutions 171
Quantitative aspects of spectroscopy 172
Beer s and Lambert s laws 173
Methods of drug assay 175
Derivative spectroscopy 177
Infrared spectroscopy 179
Fluorimetry 182
Structure elucidation 1 83
Tutorial examples 193
Problems 201
8 Stability of drugs and medicines 205
Oxidation 205
Stability of free radicals 207
Prevention of oxidative deterioration 21 1
Autoxidation of fats and oils 215
Ageing 216
Hydrolysis 217
Examples of drugs susceptible to hydrolysis 220
Other mechanisms of degradation 222
Prodrugs 223
Tutorial examples 225
Problems 226
x Contents
9 Kinetics of drug stability 229
Rate, order and molecularity 229
Rate equations and first-order reactions 230
Half-life 233
Shelf-life 233
Second-order reactions 234
Zero-order reactions 236
Reaction rates and temperature 236
Tutorial example 238
Problems 238
10 Licensing of drugs and the British Pharmacopoeia 241
Structure of the MHRA 242
European licensing procedures 242
Applications for Marketing Authorisations 244
British Pharmacopoeia Commission 245
The British Pharmacopoeia 246
11 Answers to problems 25
Selected bibliography 267
Index 269
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface to the third edition xi
Acknowledgements xiii
About the author xv
1 Chemistry of acids and bases 1
Dissociation of weak acids and bases 3
Hydrolysis of salts 9
Amphiprotic salts 1 1
Buffer Solutions 11
Buffer capacity 14
Biological buffers 16
Ionisation of drugs 19
pKa values of drug molecules 20
pH indicators 20
Tutorial examples 23
Problems 28
2 Partition coefficient and biopharmacy 29
Experimental measurement of partition coefficient 33
Drug absorption, distribution and bioavailability 36
Passive diffusion 39
The pH partition hypothesis 40
Active transport mechanisms 44
The action of local anaesthetics 45
Excretion and reabsorption of drugs 48
Food and drink 50
Tutorial examples 51
Problems 56
viü Contents
3 Physicochemical properties of drugs 59
Carboxylic acids 59
Phenols 63
Warfarin 64
Phenylbutazone 67
Indometacin 67
Barbiturates 67
Phenytoin 69
Sulfonamides 69
Basic drugs 71
Basicity of heterocyclic compounds 73
Separation of mixtures 73
Tutorial examples 75
Problems 79
4 Stereochemistry °3
Polarimetry 84
Biological Systems 88
Fischer projections 89
Stereochemistry case study: thalidomide 97
Geometrical isomerism 99
Tutorial examples 101
Problems 103
5 Drug metabolism 1
Metabolie pathways 106
Cytochromes P450 107
Enzyme induetion and Inhibition 111
Drug conjugation reactions (Phase 2) 112
Stereochemistry 119
Metabolie pathways for common drugs 120
Tutorial example 128
Problems 130
133
6 Volumetrie analysis of drugs
Volumetrie flask 134
Pipette 134
Burettes 135
Units of concentration 135
Contents ix
Concentration of active ingredients 138
Design of an assay 1 38
Practical points 141
Back and blank titrations 144
Assay of unit-dose medicines 147
Non-aqueous titrations 149
REDOX titrations 150
Compleximetric titrations 152
Argentimetric titrations 154
Limit tests 154
Problems 155
7 Analytical spectroscopy 159
Effect of pH on spectra 164
Instrumentation 168
Experimental measurement of absorbance 170
Dilutions 171
Quantitative aspects of spectroscopy 172
Beer's and Lambert's laws 173
Methods of drug assay 175
Derivative spectroscopy 177
Infrared spectroscopy 179
Fluorimetry 182
Structure elucidation 1 83
Tutorial examples 193
Problems 201
8 Stability of drugs and medicines 205
Oxidation 205
Stability of free radicals 207
Prevention of oxidative deterioration 21 1
Autoxidation of fats and oils 215
Ageing 216
Hydrolysis 217
Examples of drugs susceptible to hydrolysis 220
Other mechanisms of degradation 222
Prodrugs 223
Tutorial examples 225
Problems 226
x Contents
9 Kinetics of drug stability 229
Rate, order and molecularity 229
Rate equations and first-order reactions 230
Half-life 233
Shelf-life 233
Second-order reactions 234
Zero-order reactions 236
Reaction rates and temperature 236
Tutorial example 238
Problems 238
10 Licensing of drugs and the British Pharmacopoeia 241
Structure of the MHRA 242
European licensing procedures 242
Applications for Marketing Authorisations 244
British Pharmacopoeia Commission 245
The British Pharmacopoeia 246
11 Answers to problems 25
Selected bibliography 267
Index 269 |
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| title | Essentials of pharmaceutical chemistry |
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| topic_facet | Chimie pharmaceutique Drug Stability Pharmaceutical Preparations analysis Pharmaceutical Preparations chemistry Pharmaceutical chemistry Structure-Activity Relationship Pharmazeutische Chemie Einführung |
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