Chemistry of the solar system:
Gespeichert in:
Hauptverfasser: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge
RSC Publ.
2011
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XVIII, 476 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 9780854041282 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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---|---|
adam_text |
Contents
Some Milestones up to the Beginning of the Space Age
xiii
Chapter
1
The Elements in the Solar System
1
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Abundances of the Elements
6
1.2.1
Sources for the Solar System Composition
9
1.2.2
Elemental Abundance Scales
13
1.2.3
Sun's Photospheric Composition
14
1.2.4
Elemental Abundances in Carbonaceous
Cl-Chondrites
17
1.2.5
Comparison of Meteoritic and Solar
Abundances
17
1.2.6
D, 3He, Li, Be and
В
19
1.3
Solar System Elemental Abundances
23
1.4
Trends in Solar System Elemental Abundances and
Origins
24
1.4.1
Elemental Abundance Trends
24
Further Reading
31
References
31
Chapter
2
Meteorites
34
2.1
Introduction
34
2.2
Meteorite Classification
36
2.2.1
Oxygen Isotopes
39
2.2.2
Meteorite Falls and Finds
45
Chemistry of the Solar System
By
Katharina
Lodders
and Bruce Fegley, Jr.
£
K.
Lodders
and B. Fegley, Jr.
2011
Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, www.rsc.org
vii
vjjj Contents
2.3
Chondrites
50
2.3.1
Chondrules
56
2.3.2
Petrologie
Types of Chondrites
63
2.3.3
Ordinary Chondrites
68
2.3.4
Enstatite Chondrites
73
2.3.5
R
and
K Chondrite
Groups
74
2.3.6
Carbonaceous Chondrites
75
2.3.7
Hydrous Silicates and Salts: The Case of
CI
Chondrites
79
2.4
Iron Meteorites
93
2.5
Stony-iron Meteorites
103
2.6
Achondrites
105
2.6.1
Acapulcoites and Lodranites
105
2.6.2
Brachinites
106
2.6.3
Winonaites
106
2.6.4
Angrites
107
2.6.5
Aubrites
107
2.6.6
Ureilites
108
2.6.7
Eucrites, Howardites and Diogenites
108
2.6.8
SNC Meteorites and Lunar Meteorites
109
2.7
Meteorite Home Worlds
111
Further Reading and Resources
112
References
112
Chapter
3
The Solar Nebula
116
3.1
Introduction
116
3.2
Stages of Solar System Formation
119
3.2.1
Interstellar Medium and
Presolar
Grains
119
3.2.2
Interstellar Molecular Cloud Collapse and So¬
lar Nebula Formation
124
3.3
Chemical Zones in the Solar Nebula
134
3.4
Cosmochemical Classification of the Elements
137
3.4.1
Condensation Temperatures
138
3.5
Solar System Timescales
158
3.5.1
Chronometers with Long-lived Radioactivities
160
3.5.2
Short-lived Radioactivities
172
3.6
An Early Solar System Timeline
176
Further Reading and Resources
178
References
179
Chapter
4
The Bodies in the Inner Solar System
184
4.1
Introduction
184
4.2
Physical and Chemical Properties
185
Contents ix
4.2.1
Physical Properties
185
4.2.2
Chemical Properties
199
4.2.3
The Earth's Moon
229
4.2.4
Comparison of Planetary Compositions
243
4.3
Accretion Scenarios
246
4.3.1
Rock, Ice and Gas
246
4.3.2
Accretion Models
250
4.4
Atmospheres and Surfaces of Venus and Mars
260
4.4.1
Overview
260
4.4.2
Surface Composition and Chemistry
277
4.5
Origin and Evolution of Terrestrial Planet Atmo¬
spheres
284
4.6 Extrasolar
Terrestrial Planets
293
Further Reading
294
References
294
Chapter
5
Terrestrial Atmospheric Chemistry
298
5.1
Introduction
298
5.2
Basic Definitions
298
5.2.1
Mixing Ratio
298
5.2.2
Column Abundance
299
5.2.3
Hydrostatic Equilibrium, Scale Height and
Barometric Equation
303
5.2.4
Top of the Atmosphere
305
5.2.5
Eddy Diffusion Coefficient
306
5.3
Major Features of Earth's Atmosphere
307
5.3.1
Troposphere
308
5.3.2
Tropopause
and Stratosphere
310
5.3.3
Stratopause
and
Mésosphère
311
5.3.4
Thermosphère, Exosphere
and Ionosphere
311
5.4
Atmospheric Composition
312
5.5
Tropospheric Chemistry
315
5.5.1
OH Radical and Oxidation Reactions
315
5.5.2
Tropospheric Ozone
317
5.5.3
Carbon Monoxide
319
5.5.4
Methane
320
5.6
Stratospheric Chemistry
323
5.6.1
Ozone
323
5.6.2
History of the Discovery of the Ozone Layer
324
5.6.3
Ozone Abundance Measurements
328
5.6.4
Chapman Cycle
328
5.6.5
Catalytic Cycles for Ozone Destruction
329
5.6.6
Hydrogen Oxide
(HOV)
Catalytic Cycles
330
5.6.7
Nitrogen Oxide
(NOJ
Catalytic Cycles
332
x
Contents
5.6.8
Halogen
Oxide
(CIO^, BrO„
Юд)
Catalytic
Cycles
333
5.6.9
Antarctic Ozone Hole
338
5.6.10
Oxygen
Isotopie Fractionations
in Ozone
340
5.7
Mesospheric and Thermospheric Chemistry
340
5.8
Ionospheric Chemistry
342
Further Reading
343
Chapter
6
The Greenhouse Effect and Biogeochemical Cycles on Earth
345
6.1
Introduction
345
6.2
Greenhouse Effect and Greenhouse Gases
345
6.2.1
Solar Energy Received by the Earth
345
6.2.2
Budget for the Incoming Solar Flux
346
6.2.3
Budget for Earth's Outgoing Flux
346
6.2.4
Greenhouse Effect
349
6.2.5
Heat Absorbing or Greenhouse Gases
349
6.3
Biogeochemical Cycles
351
6.3.1
Earth's Geochemical Reservoirs
351
6.3.2
Carbon Cycle
361
6.3.3
Nitrogen Cycle
371
6.3.4
Sulfur Cycle
379
6.3.5
Phosphorus and Halogen Cycles
384
Further Reading
390
Chapter
7
The Outer Solar System
391
7.1
Introduction
391
7.2
The Giant Planets
391
7.2.1
Overview
391
7.2.2
Jupiter and Saturn: The Gas-rich Giant Planets
393
7.2.3
Uranus and Neptune: The Gas-poor Giant
Planets
405
7.2.4
Photochemistry on the Giant Planets
409
7.3
Satellites and Rings of the Giant Planets
419
7.3.1
Galilean Satellites
426
7.3.2
Titan
427
7.4
Dwarf Planets
431
Further Reading
433
References
433
Appendix A Table of Abundances of Nuclides in the Solar System
435
Contents
Xl
Appendix
В
Table of Average Element Concentrations in Major
Chondritic Meteorite Groups
444
Appendix
С
Review of Chemical Kinetics
C.
1
Unimolecular Reactions
C.2 Bimolecular or Two-body Reactions
C.3 Termolecular or Three-body Reactions
Further Reading
448
449
451
452
453
Subject Index
454 |
adam_txt |
Contents
Some Milestones up to the Beginning of the Space Age
xiii
Chapter
1
The Elements in the Solar System
1
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Abundances of the Elements
6
1.2.1
Sources for the Solar System Composition
9
1.2.2
Elemental Abundance Scales
13
1.2.3
Sun's Photospheric Composition
14
1.2.4
Elemental Abundances in Carbonaceous
Cl-Chondrites
17
1.2.5
Comparison of Meteoritic and Solar
Abundances
17
1.2.6
D, 3He, Li, Be and
В
19
1.3
Solar System Elemental Abundances
23
1.4
Trends in Solar System Elemental Abundances and
Origins
24
1.4.1
Elemental Abundance Trends
24
Further Reading
31
References
31
Chapter
2
Meteorites
34
2.1
Introduction
34
2.2
Meteorite Classification
36
2.2.1
Oxygen Isotopes
39
2.2.2
Meteorite Falls and Finds
45
Chemistry of the Solar System
By
Katharina
Lodders
and Bruce Fegley, Jr.
£
K.
Lodders
and B. Fegley, Jr.
2011
Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, www.rsc.org
vii
vjjj Contents
2.3
Chondrites
50
2.3.1
Chondrules
56
2.3.2
Petrologie
Types of Chondrites
63
2.3.3
Ordinary Chondrites
68
2.3.4
Enstatite Chondrites
73
2.3.5
R
and
K Chondrite
Groups
74
2.3.6
Carbonaceous Chondrites
75
2.3.7
Hydrous Silicates and Salts: The Case of
CI
Chondrites
79
2.4
Iron Meteorites
93
2.5
Stony-iron Meteorites
103
2.6
Achondrites
105
2.6.1
Acapulcoites and Lodranites
105
2.6.2
Brachinites
106
2.6.3
Winonaites
106
2.6.4
Angrites
107
2.6.5
Aubrites
107
2.6.6
Ureilites
108
2.6.7
Eucrites, Howardites and Diogenites
108
2.6.8
SNC Meteorites and Lunar Meteorites
109
2.7
Meteorite Home Worlds
111
Further Reading and Resources
112
References
112
Chapter
3
The Solar Nebula
116
3.1
Introduction
116
3.2
Stages of Solar System Formation
119
3.2.1
Interstellar Medium and
Presolar
Grains
119
3.2.2
Interstellar Molecular Cloud Collapse and So¬
lar Nebula Formation
124
3.3
Chemical Zones in the Solar Nebula
134
3.4
Cosmochemical Classification of the Elements
137
3.4.1
Condensation Temperatures
138
3.5
Solar System Timescales
158
3.5.1
Chronometers with Long-lived Radioactivities
160
3.5.2
Short-lived Radioactivities
172
3.6
An Early Solar System Timeline
176
Further Reading and Resources
178
References
179
Chapter
4
The Bodies in the Inner Solar System
184
4.1
Introduction
184
4.2
Physical and Chemical Properties
185
Contents ix
4.2.1
Physical Properties
185
4.2.2
Chemical Properties
199
4.2.3
The Earth's Moon
229
4.2.4
Comparison of Planetary Compositions
243
4.3
Accretion Scenarios
246
4.3.1
Rock, Ice and Gas
246
4.3.2
Accretion Models
250
4.4
Atmospheres and Surfaces of Venus and Mars
260
4.4.1
Overview
260
4.4.2
Surface Composition and Chemistry
277
4.5
Origin and Evolution of Terrestrial Planet Atmo¬
spheres
284
4.6 Extrasolar
Terrestrial Planets
293
Further Reading
294
References
294
Chapter
5
Terrestrial Atmospheric Chemistry
298
5.1
Introduction
298
5.2
Basic Definitions
298
5.2.1
Mixing Ratio
298
5.2.2
Column Abundance
299
5.2.3
Hydrostatic Equilibrium, Scale Height and
Barometric Equation
303
5.2.4
Top of the Atmosphere
305
5.2.5
Eddy Diffusion Coefficient
306
5.3
Major Features of Earth's Atmosphere
307
5.3.1
Troposphere
308
5.3.2
Tropopause
and Stratosphere
310
5.3.3
Stratopause
and
Mésosphère
311
5.3.4
Thermosphère, Exosphere
and Ionosphere
311
5.4
Atmospheric Composition
312
5.5
Tropospheric Chemistry
315
5.5.1
OH Radical and Oxidation Reactions
315
5.5.2
Tropospheric Ozone
317
5.5.3
Carbon Monoxide
319
5.5.4
Methane
320
5.6
Stratospheric Chemistry
323
5.6.1
Ozone
323
5.6.2
History of the Discovery of the Ozone Layer
324
5.6.3
Ozone Abundance Measurements
328
5.6.4
Chapman Cycle
328
5.6.5
Catalytic Cycles for Ozone Destruction
329
5.6.6
Hydrogen Oxide
(HOV)
Catalytic Cycles
330
5.6.7
Nitrogen Oxide
(NOJ
Catalytic Cycles
332
x
Contents
5.6.8
Halogen
Oxide
(CIO^, BrO„
Юд)
Catalytic
Cycles
333
5.6.9
Antarctic Ozone Hole
338
5.6.10
Oxygen
Isotopie Fractionations
in Ozone
340
5.7
Mesospheric and Thermospheric Chemistry
340
5.8
Ionospheric Chemistry
342
Further Reading
343
Chapter
6
The Greenhouse Effect and Biogeochemical Cycles on Earth
345
6.1
Introduction
345
6.2
Greenhouse Effect and Greenhouse Gases
345
6.2.1
Solar Energy Received by the Earth
345
6.2.2
Budget for the Incoming Solar Flux
346
6.2.3
Budget for Earth's Outgoing Flux
346
6.2.4
Greenhouse Effect
349
6.2.5
Heat Absorbing or Greenhouse Gases
349
6.3
Biogeochemical Cycles
351
6.3.1
Earth's Geochemical Reservoirs
351
6.3.2
Carbon Cycle
361
6.3.3
Nitrogen Cycle
371
6.3.4
Sulfur Cycle
379
6.3.5
Phosphorus and Halogen Cycles
384
Further Reading
390
Chapter
7
The Outer Solar System
391
7.1
Introduction
391
7.2
The Giant Planets
391
7.2.1
Overview
391
7.2.2
Jupiter and Saturn: The Gas-rich Giant Planets
393
7.2.3
Uranus and Neptune: The Gas-poor Giant
Planets
405
7.2.4
Photochemistry on the Giant Planets
409
7.3
Satellites and Rings of the Giant Planets
419
7.3.1
Galilean Satellites
426
7.3.2
Titan
427
7.4
Dwarf Planets
431
Further Reading
433
References
433
Appendix A Table of Abundances of Nuclides in the Solar System
435
Contents
Xl
Appendix
В
Table of Average Element Concentrations in Major
Chondritic Meteorite Groups
444
Appendix
С
Review of Chemical Kinetics
C.
1
Unimolecular Reactions
C.2 Bimolecular or Two-body Reactions
C.3 Termolecular or Three-body Reactions
Further Reading
448
449
451
452
453
Subject Index
454 |
any_adam_object | 1 |
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dewey-search | 523.2 |
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spelling | Lodders, Katharina Verfasser aut Chemistry of the solar system Katharina Lodders and Bruce Fegley Cambridge RSC Publ. 2011 XVIII, 476 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kosmochemie (DE-588)4133733-5 gnd rswk-swf Sonnensystem (DE-588)1236963989 gnd rswk-swf Sonnensystem (DE-588)1236963989 g Kosmochemie (DE-588)4133733-5 s DE-604 Fegley, Bruce Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016761421&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Lodders, Katharina Fegley, Bruce Chemistry of the solar system Kosmochemie (DE-588)4133733-5 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4133733-5 (DE-588)1236963989 |
title | Chemistry of the solar system |
title_auth | Chemistry of the solar system |
title_exact_search | Chemistry of the solar system |
title_exact_search_txtP | Chemistry of the solar system |
title_full | Chemistry of the solar system Katharina Lodders and Bruce Fegley |
title_fullStr | Chemistry of the solar system Katharina Lodders and Bruce Fegley |
title_full_unstemmed | Chemistry of the solar system Katharina Lodders and Bruce Fegley |
title_short | Chemistry of the solar system |
title_sort | chemistry of the solar system |
topic | Kosmochemie (DE-588)4133733-5 gnd |
topic_facet | Kosmochemie Sonnensystem |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016761421&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT lodderskatharina chemistryofthesolarsystem AT fegleybruce chemistryofthesolarsystem |