"Virnistʹ" - "zrada" v ujavlennjach i praktykach serednʹoviččja i rannʹoho Novoho času:
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| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Ukrainian Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Kyïv
Inst. Istoriï Ukraïny NAN Ukraïny
2006
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Socium
6 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Teilw. in kyrill. Schr., ukrain. - Betr. teilw. poln., teilw. ukrain. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache. - Einzelaufnahme eines Zeitschr.-Bd. |
| Beschreibung: | 290 S. |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138040229101568 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | соціум
Альманах соціальної історії
Випуск
6
ЗМІСТ
7
Віктор Горобець
Від редакційної колегії
9
Володимир Ричка
«...И на том
ігвловаша кресть». Етика і культура міжкнязівських взаємин на
Русі у вимірі інституту хрестоцілування
19
Тетяна Вілкул
Зрада рязанських князів
1207
p.:
легітимація покарання
29
Beata K.
Nykieł
Zdrada Bohdana Słupicza w
1551
r. (okoliczności zdobycia Bracławia przez
Tatarów)
61
Константин Ерусалимский
«Изменным обычаем». Ливонская война и представления о государственной
измене в России
85
Наталя
Старчето
Стосунки пана і слуги «рукодайного» в контексті уявлень про вірність і зраду
(Волинь та Наддніпрянщина в кінці
XVI -
першій половині
XVII
ст.)
131
Катерина Диса
Зрада і відданість у відносинах
«пан-слуга» в
контексті українських судів про
чари
XVI-XVIII
ст.
141
Наталя Білоус
«Вірність» і «зрада» у світосприйнятті міщанства Київщини та Волині в
XVI -
першій половині
XVII
ст.
161
Ірина Ворончук
Подружні зради як наслідок практики укладання шлюбів в Україні в
XVI-
XVII
ст. (на матеріалах ранньомодерної Волині)
203
Олександр Галето
«Зрадники»-герої, або народний ідеал потурчення (на матеріалах українських
дум)
233
Urszula Augustyniak
Potworne konspiracje, czyli problem zdrady w Rzeczypospolitej w czasach Wazów
249 .
Валерій
Степанков
Революційний вибух
1648
p. y
сприйнятті Війська Запорозького: «зрада коро¬
лю» чи законне право на виступ?
257
Лариса Довга
«Зрада» у трактаті І. Гізеля «Мир з Богом чоловіку»
267
Сергій Плохій
В ім я вітчизни: вірність і зрада Івана Мазепи
283
Відомості про авторів
285
Summaries
ѕосшм
An Almanac of Social History
No.
6
CONTENTS
Editor s Notes
7
Victor
Horobets
VolodymyrRychka
9
«...and Kissed the Crucifix on that». Ethics and Culture of
Interprinces
Relationships
in the Context of the Tradition of Kissing the Crucifix
TetianaVilkul
19
The Betrayal of the Riazan Princes of
1207:
Legitimization of Punishment
Beata K.
Nikiel
29
The Treason of
Bohdan Słupica
in
1551
(Circumstances of the Capture of the Bratslav
Castle by the Tartars)
Konstantyn Erusalimskyj
61
«By Manner of Betrayal». The
Livonian
War and Ideas of Betraying one s
Motherland in Russia
Natalia Starchenko
85
The «Master
-
Servant» Relationship in the Context of Images of «Loyalty» and
«Betrayal» (on the Sources of Early Modern Volynia and Naddniprianshchyna)
Kateryna Dysa
131
Treachery and Loyalty in Master-Servant Relationships in the Context of Ukrainian
Witchcraft Trials of the
16* - 18*
Centuries
Natalia Bilous
141
«Loyalty» and «Betrayal» in the Worldview of Kyiv and Volynian City-dwellers in
the
16* -
early 17th Century
Iryna Voronchuk
161
Infidelity as the Result to Ukrainian Marital Practices in the
16-1
7th Centuries (Based
on Early Modern Volynia Sources)
Olexandr Halenko
203
A Hero-Traitor or the Ukrainian Ideal of a Turkish Renegade
Urshula Augustyniak
233
The Abominable Conspiracies, or the Problem of Betrayal in Commonwealth in the
Vasa s Times
Valeri/
Stepankow
249
The Revolutionary Outburst of
1648
as seen by the Zaporozhian Host: «the Betrayal
of the King» or the Legitimate Right to Protest?
Larysa Dovha
257
«Betrayal» in the Compendium by I. Gizel «Piece with God to Man»
SergijPlohij
267
In the Name of Motherland: Mazepa s Loyalty and Betrayal
Information about the Authors
283
Summaries
285
SUMMARIES
Volodymyr Rychka
«...and Kissed the Crucifix on that». Ethics and Culture
of
Interprinces
Relationships in the Context of the Tradition
of Kissing the Crucifix
This article ponders the tradition of crucifix-kissing brought to
Rus
from Byzan¬
tium as early as in Pagan times. The author proves that this religious ceremony be¬
came the necessary element of oath-making and the norm of political interaction
since
Rus
was baptised. In political culture and ideology of
Rus
crucifixes became
universal means, capable of both saving, blessing, and punishing. Kissing the cruci¬
fix as a symbol of oath-making sprang to life due to the special status of princes.
Tetiana Vilkul
The Betrayal of the Riazan Princes of
1207:
Legitimization of Punishment
In this article, the author analyzes parallel texts featuring an early thirteenth-cen¬
tury case of Suzdal prince Vsevolod Yuriyovych holding captive the Riazan
princes who were assumed to have betrayed him. These texts are essential since
they include the description of fair justice performed by the lord over the traitors.
This description serves as an example of legitimization of the punishment.
Beata K.
Nikiel
The Treason of
Bohdan Siupica
in
1551
(Circumstances
of the Capture of the Bratslav Castle by the Tartars)
The aim of the text is to shed some light
ön
preconditions and circumstances of
the Bratslav defence abilities, as well as on the way the Crimean Tartar siege under
the Khan Dewlet Girey in September
1551
developed. In this context the role
played by the Bratslav Castle chief defendant
Bohdan
Siupica acting as his plenipo¬
tentiary in the absence of
starost
Prince
Bohusz Korecki
is of special interest. A key
factor in Bohdan s decisions and activities seams to be the assessment of Bratslav s
defense potential.
Bohdan
deemed a traitor by his contemporaries as bearing
the most blame for the hasty surrender of the castle to the Tartars and the devasta¬
tion of a large part of the province, in
1551
he disappeared from all the source-mate¬
rials, and the Siupicas estates were confiscated in forfeiture by escheat. This inci¬
dent was to affect the history of the entire Siupica family for several decades to
come. Thus, the second part of the article traces the way Bohdan s treason afflicted
286
Summaries
the Siupicas fate. Special attention is being paid to the efforts of the family repre¬
sentatives aimed to get back the confiscated landed property and to re-establish
both its material basis and good standing in the Bratslav area.
Konstantyn Erusalimskyj
«By Manner of Betrayal». The
Livonian
War and Ideas of Betraying
one s Motherland in Russia
The problem of betrayal is studied in the context of foreign office formation in
Russia. It is also related to various
socio-cultural
categories associated with the so
called
Chronographie
history, political theology, imperial ideals and military ethics.
The author demonstrates that during the
Livonian
War treason was interpreted as
the main cause of Russia s failures on the international arena. Betrayal was consid¬
ered to be «the motif», while the «crime» itself could vary from case to case. Fight¬
ing traitors the Muscovite lords fought ill thinking which the author had divided
into several categories.
Natalia Starchenko
The «Master
-
Servant» Relationship in the Context of Images
of «Loyalty» and «Betrayal» (on the Sources of Early Modern
Volynia and Naddniprianshchyna)
The author studies phenomenon of fidelity and treason as important component
of the relations between lord and servant on the base of legal norms and everyday
practices. From the first glance, these relations had the character of treaty, due to
the stable ritual of establishing and breaking of these relations. However, in reality
servant was giving himself into his lord s power. This occurred due to several cir¬
cumstances: the lack of clearly determined duties of servant and corresponding sal¬
ary for these duties, because these relations were based not on the principles of sale
but on the principles of gift, where the social pre-payment from lord s side (i.e.
the incorporation into gentry community of proper region) was to be paid by differ¬
ent services from servant s side, therefore the final account of lord s «mercy» and
servant s «fidelity» was impossible; life of servant under his lord s jurisdiction; ap¬
proach to servant as his lord s symbolic capital, that should insult lord s honor in
the case of breaking relations on servant s initiative.
Such a high degree of personal incorporation of
contragents
into relations and ev¬
eryday practices caused the fact, that every action of servant that did not correspond
to his lord views on good behavior was treated as breaking the loyalty, as treason.
The article also examines different everyday practices that corrected the rela¬
tions between lord and servant essentially, creating the conditions for the relative
emancipation of servant from his lord s power.
Summaries
287
Kateryna Dysa
Betrayal and Loyalty in Master-Servant Relationships in the Context
of Ukrainian Witchcraft Trials of the 16th
-
18th Centuries
Social difference of the accuser and the accused was not a precondition but was
nevertheless present in many Ukrainian witchcraft trials of the researched period.
Moreover, to a certain, extent trials involving people of different social origin fall
apart from the majority of cases with socially equal participants. In the article
the author discusses the relationship of masters and servants as they were reflected
in the trial records. In many cases, masters could bring the accusations against their
servants but there were other scenarios of master-subordinate relationships which
were ignored by researchers. For example, masters were not only the persecutors
but also grateful employers of magic services provided by their servants.
When master-servant relationships were involved in the trial, the character of
the latter would drastically change in most of the cases. Judges, usually reluctant to
make any investigation about witchcraft, would suddenly become active and enthu¬
siastic. They would allow the use of the torture and most often would pronounce
the death penalty for the offender. In most of the cases, especially those which
ended with execution, it was not the crime of witchcraft itself that made judges im¬
pose severe sentences. The accusations brought by masters against their servants
could have been based on pure suspicions, when no real harm was done to anyone.
What is important is that it was not a witch who was to be punished and executed
but rather a disloyal servant who undermined his master s trust.
However, loyal servants could hope for master s support and help in case they
were accused of witchcraft by the outsider. On the other hand, good servants had
chance to demonstrate their loyalty to masters whether by witnessing in favor of
their masters accused of witchcraft, or by playing the role of the intermediary be¬
tween the masters and witchcraft practitioners.
Natalia
Bilons
«Loyalty» and «Betrayal» in the Worldview of Kyiv and Volynian
City-Dwellers in the 16th
-
early 17th Century
In the article, it is shown how the concepts of «loyalty» and «betrayal» func¬
tioned in the early modern urban societies of Kyivshchyna and Volynia. The exam¬
ples shown are taken from the formative sources and
comi
documents. The cases of
applying those concepts to public: legal, everyday, and marital lives of city-inhabit¬
ants are carefully examined. The author concludes that «loyalty» was first and fore¬
most associated with the loyalty to their city and corporate interests. Oath was of
particular importance, as it was considered sacred. «Betrayal» was considered to be
highly disapproved act of major malice and dishonesty, so the traitors were
considered criminals.
288
Summaries
Iryna Voronchuk
Infidelity as the I
17th Centuries (Based on Early Modern Volynian Sources)
Infidelity as the Result to Ukrainian Marital Practices in the 16th
-
The article deals with an almost unresearched to date problem of marital infidel¬
ity in early modern Ukraine. The author proves the idea of independent noble
woman, popular in Ukrainian historiography, to be wrong. By analyzing the law
regulations and social practices the author proves that in the
1
6th and
1
7th centuries
the nobles followed patriarchal family norms with the husband executing power
over all members of family, wife included. The financial reasons for marriage and
lack of emotional ties between spouses caused not only husbands acting brutal to¬
wards their wives but also seldom were the reason behind infidelity.
Olexandr Halenko
A Hero-Traitor or the Ukrainian Ideal of a Turkish Renegade
Nineteen of Ukrainian
dumas
(epics), more than one third of the known
fifty-two, are questioned for the response of the Ukrainian society to the
slave-raids, conducted by the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth through the eigh¬
teenth century. Contrary to the ideological precepts, which represent the emergence
of Cossaks as one of such responces, these epics do not call for military contain¬
ment of the raids. Rather than this, on the basis of precise knowledge of the Otto¬
man slavery they construct models of behavior for potential slaves. The main idea
of
dumas
was to encourage Ukrainians to return back home. Conversion to Islam
and adoption of the Ottoman way of life were severely reprobated, but forgiveness
was granted to those renegades who would help their brethren and compatriots to
flee back home, which was praised as a heroic act initself. This ideal model sup¬
ported the idea of ethnic solidarity and thus helped in cristallization of the Ukrai¬
nian national identity. It was not accidental that the
duma «Marusia
Bohuslavka»,
which developed the best charachter of an ideal renegade, for a long time remained
a source of the nationalistic aspirations for modern Ukrainian writers and artists.
Urshula Augustyniak
The Abominable Conspiracies, or the Problem of Betrayal
in Commonwealth in Vasa s Times
The
1
6th
-1
7th century Europe was a scene of religious wars and magnates rebel¬
lions against monarchy. In this time of «universal conspiracy» treason was treated
as normal tool for political activity of elites. However, the analysis of sources (pri¬
vate and official correspondence, resolutions and constitutions of Diets etc.) leads
Summaries
289
us to conclusion that in the 16th century treason was regarded in Poland as some¬
thing dishonorable, something suitable for plebeians and foreigners only.
Valerij
Stepankow
The Revolutionary Outburst of
1648
as Seen by the Zaporozhian
Host: «The Betrayal of the King» or the Legitimate Right to Protest?
The article addresses the problem of the leaders of the Zaporozhian Host proving
the legitimacy of the revolutionary outburst of
1648.
Attention is paid to the Cos¬
sacks increasing social and political awareness during
1
630s, realizing there rights
as knights and gaining functions of the «political nation». The author contradicts at¬
tempts at depicting the Cossacks as a military society, identical to mercenaries with
all their wicked traits. The author supports the idea of all the participants of the out¬
burst regarding their actions as fully legitimate, as they were not only defending
their class privileges, but also the rights and freedoms the King granted the
Ruthenian
nation and the Orthodox Church.
Larysa Dovha
«Betrayal» in the Compendium by I. Gizel «Piece with God to Man»
The author focuses on views of I. Gizel about «treason» in the context of tradi¬
tions of Christian divinity. It is mentioned that every sin was treated by Gizel under
this concept because ability to the sin was violation of loyalty to God and his com¬
mandments. However, the author believes that in more narrow definition of concept
«treason» Gizel pushed off from realities of daily occurrence, in particular, from ju¬
dicial practice of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Legal approach, selected
by him for the analysis of sin as a crime accomplished against God, justice, absolute
law, and common blessing, resulted in that «treason» is exposed not so much
through the prism of moral estimation of act, as from the point of view of a danger
which it can represent for political stability or consent in given community.
Righorism traditional for Orthodox ethics in relation to estimation of human acts is
transferable on an attempt to co-ordinate strict moral principles of the Church with
the terms of the real earthly life of laymen.
Sergiy Plohij
In the name of Motherland: Loyalty and Betrayal of Ivan
Mazepa
The author studies the transformation of the concept of «motherland» in the
community of the Cossacks elite of the second half of the 17th
-
early 18th century:
starting from the traditional for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth view on
motherland as «Old Ruthenia» up to identifying it as the Hetmanate. Therefore
290
Summaries
the author claims that the concept of «motherland» was basic for the attempts both
to legitimize and to discredit
Mazepa
s
uprising against the tsar in
1708.
Mazepa
and his supporters explained their uprising by their agitation for mother¬
land s integrity and welfare, as the attempt to liberate it from foreign yoke. There
were
Mazepa
s
speeches and manifests that had introduces the concept of mother¬
land as highest value and the object of fidelity. Due to this rhetoric, Peter I, speak¬
ing primarily about Mazepa s treason of the tsar himself, later turned to speak about
his treason of motherland. On the contrary, the tsar trayed to present his actions as
the defense of «Little Russians nation» against it s enemies, that were moved by
personal ambitions and the intention to enrich theirselve. It is important, that, ad¬
dressing to his «Little Russian» subjects, Peter I speaks about «their» (not «our»)
motherland; on the contrary pronoun «our» is widely used by the representatives of
the Church and civil elites of the Hetmanate.
The author also describes the appearance of the concept of Russian monarchy
(thanks to Theophan
Prokopových)
as common motherland and object of fidelity of
all the subjects of the tsar, and analyses its controversial representation in
Hrabianka
and Velychko discourses.
Finally, the author notes, that in the drama «Grace of God», presented by stu¬
dents of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy to honor the restoration of the Hetmanate, the
concept of motherland equals Ukraine, or Little Russia, not Russia. This demon¬
strates that the tradition of
Mazepa
and Orlyk dominated in the Hetmanate over
the tradition of
Prokopových.
|
| adam_txt |
соціум
Альманах соціальної історії
Випуск
6
ЗМІСТ
7
Віктор Горобець
Від редакційної колегії
9
Володимир Ричка
«.И на том
ігвловаша кресть». Етика і культура міжкнязівських взаємин на
Русі у вимірі інституту хрестоцілування
19
Тетяна Вілкул
Зрада рязанських князів
1207
p.:
легітимація покарання
29
Beata K.
Nykieł
Zdrada Bohdana Słupicza w
1551
r. (okoliczności zdobycia Bracławia przez
Tatarów)
61
Константин Ерусалимский
«Изменным обычаем». Ливонская война и представления о государственной
измене в России
85
Наталя
Старчето
Стосунки пана і слуги «рукодайного» в контексті уявлень про вірність і зраду
(Волинь та Наддніпрянщина в кінці
XVI -
першій половині
XVII
ст.)
131
Катерина Диса
Зрада і відданість у відносинах
«пан-слуга» в
контексті українських судів про
чари
XVI-XVIII
ст.
141
Наталя Білоус
«Вірність» і «зрада» у світосприйнятті міщанства Київщини та Волині в
XVI -
першій половині
XVII
ст.
161
Ірина Ворончук
Подружні зради як наслідок практики укладання шлюбів в Україні в
XVI-
XVII
ст. (на матеріалах ранньомодерної Волині)
203
Олександр Галето
«Зрадники»-герої, або народний ідеал потурчення (на матеріалах українських
дум)
233
Urszula Augustyniak
Potworne konspiracje, czyli problem zdrady w Rzeczypospolitej w czasach Wazów
249 .
Валерій
Степанков
Революційний вибух
1648
p. y
сприйнятті Війська Запорозького: «зрада коро¬
лю» чи законне право на виступ?
257
Лариса Довга
«Зрада» у трактаті І. Гізеля «Мир з Богом чоловіку»
267
Сергій Плохій
В ім'я вітчизни: вірність і зрада Івана Мазепи
283
Відомості про авторів
285
Summaries
ѕосшм
An Almanac of Social History
No.
6
CONTENTS
Editor's Notes
7
Victor
Horobets
VolodymyrRychka
9
«.and Kissed the Crucifix on that». Ethics and Culture of
Interprinces'
Relationships
in the Context of the Tradition of Kissing the Crucifix
TetianaVilkul
19
The Betrayal of the Riazan Princes of
1207:
Legitimization of Punishment
Beata K.
Nikiel
29
The Treason of
Bohdan Słupica
in
1551
(Circumstances of the Capture of the Bratslav
Castle by the Tartars)
Konstantyn Erusalimskyj
61
«By Manner of Betrayal». The
Livonian
War and Ideas of Betraying one's
Motherland in Russia
Natalia Starchenko
85
The «Master
-
Servant» Relationship in the Context of Images of «Loyalty» and
«Betrayal» (on the Sources of Early Modern Volynia and Naddniprianshchyna)
Kateryna Dysa
131
Treachery and Loyalty in Master-Servant Relationships in the Context of Ukrainian
Witchcraft Trials of the
16* - 18*
Centuries
Natalia Bilous
141
«Loyalty» and «Betrayal» in the Worldview of Kyiv and Volynian City-dwellers in
the
16* -
early 17th Century
Iryna Voronchuk
161
Infidelity as the Result to Ukrainian Marital Practices in the
16-1
7th Centuries (Based
on Early Modern Volynia Sources)
Olexandr Halenko
203
A Hero-Traitor or the Ukrainian Ideal of a Turkish Renegade
Urshula Augustyniak
233
The Abominable Conspiracies, or the Problem of Betrayal in Commonwealth in the
Vasa's Times
Valeri/
Stepankow
249
The Revolutionary Outburst of
1648
as seen by the Zaporozhian Host: «the Betrayal
of the King» or the Legitimate Right to Protest?
Larysa Dovha
257
«Betrayal» in the Compendium by I. Gizel «Piece with God to Man»
SergijPlohij
267
In the Name of Motherland: Mazepa's Loyalty and Betrayal
Information about the Authors
283
Summaries
285
SUMMARIES
Volodymyr Rychka
«.and Kissed the Crucifix on that». Ethics and Culture
of
Interprinces'
Relationships in the Context of the Tradition
of Kissing the Crucifix
This article ponders the tradition of crucifix-kissing brought to
Rus
from Byzan¬
tium as early as in Pagan times. The author proves that this religious ceremony be¬
came the necessary element of oath-making and the norm of political interaction
since
Rus
was baptised. In political culture and ideology of
Rus
crucifixes became
universal means, capable of both saving, blessing, and punishing. Kissing the cruci¬
fix as a symbol of oath-making sprang to life due to the special status of princes.
Tetiana Vilkul
The Betrayal of the Riazan Princes of
1207:
Legitimization of Punishment
In this article, the author analyzes parallel texts featuring an early thirteenth-cen¬
tury case of Suzdal prince Vsevolod Yuriyovych holding captive the Riazan
princes who were assumed to have betrayed him. These texts are essential since
they include the description of fair justice performed by the lord over the traitors.
This description serves as an example of legitimization of the punishment.
Beata K.
Nikiel
The Treason of
Bohdan Siupica
in
1551
(Circumstances
of the Capture of the Bratslav Castle by the Tartars)
The aim of the text is to shed some light
ön
preconditions and circumstances of
the Bratslav defence abilities, as well as on the way the Crimean Tartar siege under
the Khan Dewlet Girey in September
1551
developed. In this context the role
played by the Bratslav Castle chief defendant
Bohdan
Siupica acting as his plenipo¬
tentiary in the absence of
starost
Prince
Bohusz Korecki
is of special interest. A key
factor in Bohdan's decisions and activities seams to be the assessment of Bratslav's
defense potential.
Bohdan
deemed a traitor by his contemporaries as bearing
the most blame for the hasty surrender of the castle to the Tartars and the devasta¬
tion of a large part of the province, in
1551
he disappeared from all the source-mate¬
rials, and the Siupicas estates were confiscated in forfeiture by escheat. This inci¬
dent was to affect the history of the entire Siupica family for several decades to
come. Thus, the second part of the article traces the way Bohdan's treason afflicted
286
Summaries
the Siupicas fate. Special attention is being paid to the efforts of the family repre¬
sentatives aimed to get back the confiscated landed property and to re-establish
both its material basis and good standing in the Bratslav area.
Konstantyn Erusalimskyj
«By Manner of Betrayal». The
Livonian
War and Ideas of Betraying
one's Motherland in Russia
The problem of betrayal is studied in the context of foreign office formation in
Russia. It is also related to various
socio-cultural
categories associated with the so
called
Chronographie
history, political theology, imperial ideals and military ethics.
The author demonstrates that during the
Livonian
War treason was interpreted as
the main cause of Russia's failures on the international arena. Betrayal was consid¬
ered to be «the motif», while the «crime» itself could vary from case to case. Fight¬
ing traitors the Muscovite lords fought ill thinking which the author had divided
into several categories.
Natalia Starchenko
The «Master
-
Servant» Relationship in the Context of Images
of «Loyalty» and «Betrayal» (on the Sources of Early Modern
Volynia and Naddniprianshchyna)
The author studies phenomenon of fidelity and treason as important component
of the relations between lord and servant on the base of legal norms and everyday
practices. From the first glance, these relations had the character of treaty, due to
the stable ritual of establishing and breaking of these relations. However, in reality
servant was giving himself into his lord's power. This occurred due to several cir¬
cumstances: the lack of clearly determined duties of servant and corresponding sal¬
ary for these duties, because these relations were based not on the principles of sale
but on the principles of gift, where the social pre-payment from lord's side (i.e.
the incorporation into gentry community of proper region) was to be paid by differ¬
ent services from servant's side, therefore the final account of lord's «mercy» and
servant's «fidelity» was impossible; life of servant under his lord's jurisdiction; ap¬
proach to servant as his lord's symbolic capital, that should insult lord's honor in
the case of breaking relations on servant's initiative.
Such a high degree of personal incorporation of
contragents
into relations and ev¬
eryday practices caused the fact, that every action of servant that did not correspond
to his lord views on good behavior was treated as breaking the loyalty, as treason.
The article also examines different everyday practices that corrected the rela¬
tions between lord and servant essentially, creating the conditions for the relative
emancipation of servant from his lord's power.
Summaries
287
Kateryna Dysa
Betrayal and Loyalty in Master-Servant Relationships in the Context
of Ukrainian Witchcraft Trials of the 16th
-
18th Centuries
Social difference of the accuser and the accused was not a precondition but was
nevertheless present in many Ukrainian witchcraft trials of the researched period.
Moreover, to a certain, extent trials involving people of different social origin fall
apart from the majority of cases with socially equal participants. In the article
the author discusses the relationship of masters and servants as they were reflected
in the trial records. In many cases, masters could bring the accusations against their
servants but there were other scenarios of master-subordinate relationships which
were ignored by researchers. For example, masters were not only the persecutors
but also grateful employers of magic services provided by their servants.
When master-servant relationships were involved in the trial, the character of
the latter would drastically change in most of the cases. Judges, usually reluctant to
make any investigation about witchcraft, would suddenly become active and enthu¬
siastic. They would allow the use of the torture and most often would pronounce
the death penalty for the offender. In most of the cases, especially those which
ended with execution, it was not the crime of witchcraft itself that made judges im¬
pose severe sentences. The accusations brought by masters against their servants
could have been based on pure suspicions, when no real harm was done to anyone.
What is important is that it was not a witch who was to be punished and executed
but rather a disloyal servant who undermined his master's trust.
However, loyal servants could hope for master's support and help in case they
were accused of witchcraft by the outsider. On the other hand, good servants had
chance to demonstrate their loyalty to masters whether by witnessing in favor of
their masters accused of witchcraft, or by playing the role of the intermediary be¬
tween the masters and witchcraft practitioners.
Natalia
Bilons
«Loyalty» and «Betrayal» in the Worldview of Kyiv and Volynian
City-Dwellers in the 16th
-
early 17th Century
In the article, it is shown how the concepts of «loyalty» and «betrayal» func¬
tioned in the early modern urban societies of Kyivshchyna and Volynia. The exam¬
ples shown are taken from the formative sources and
comi
documents. The cases of
applying those concepts to public: legal, everyday, and marital lives of city-inhabit¬
ants are carefully examined. The author concludes that «loyalty» was first and fore¬
most associated with the loyalty to their city and corporate interests. Oath was of
particular importance, as it was considered sacred. «Betrayal» was considered to be
highly disapproved act of major malice and dishonesty, so the traitors were
considered criminals.
288
Summaries
Iryna Voronchuk
Infidelity as the I
17th Centuries (Based on Early Modern Volynian Sources)
Infidelity as the Result to Ukrainian Marital Practices in the 16th
-
The article deals with an almost unresearched to date problem of marital infidel¬
ity in early modern Ukraine. The author proves the idea of independent noble
woman, popular in Ukrainian historiography, to be wrong. By analyzing the law
regulations and social practices the author proves that in the
1
6th and
1
7th centuries
the nobles followed patriarchal family norms with the husband executing power
over all members of family, wife included. The financial reasons for marriage and
lack of emotional ties between spouses caused not only husbands acting brutal to¬
wards their wives but also seldom were the reason behind infidelity.
Olexandr Halenko
A Hero-Traitor or the Ukrainian Ideal of a Turkish Renegade
Nineteen of Ukrainian
dumas
(epics), more than one third of the known
fifty-two, are questioned for the response of the Ukrainian society to the
slave-raids, conducted by the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth through the eigh¬
teenth century. Contrary to the ideological precepts, which represent the emergence
of Cossaks as one of such responces, these epics do not call for military contain¬
ment of the raids. Rather than this, on the basis of precise knowledge of the Otto¬
man slavery they construct models of behavior for potential slaves. The main idea
of
dumas
was to encourage Ukrainians to return back home. Conversion to Islam
and adoption of the Ottoman way of life were severely reprobated, but forgiveness
was granted to those renegades who would help their brethren and compatriots to
flee back home, which was praised as a heroic act initself. This ideal model sup¬
ported the idea of ethnic solidarity and thus helped in cristallization of the Ukrai¬
nian national identity. It was not accidental that the
duma «Marusia
Bohuslavka»,
which developed the best charachter of an ideal renegade, for a long time remained
a source of the nationalistic aspirations for modern Ukrainian writers and artists.
Urshula Augustyniak
The Abominable Conspiracies, or the Problem of Betrayal
in Commonwealth in Vasa's Times
The
1
6th
-1
7th century Europe was a scene of religious wars and magnates rebel¬
lions against monarchy. In this time of «universal conspiracy» treason was treated
as normal tool for political activity of elites. However, the analysis of sources (pri¬
vate and official correspondence, resolutions and constitutions of Diets etc.) leads
Summaries
289
us to conclusion that in the 16th century treason was regarded in Poland as some¬
thing dishonorable, something suitable for plebeians and foreigners only.
Valerij
Stepankow
The Revolutionary Outburst of
1648
as Seen by the Zaporozhian
Host: «The Betrayal of the King» or the Legitimate Right to Protest?
The article addresses the problem of the leaders of the Zaporozhian Host proving
the legitimacy of the revolutionary outburst of
1648.
Attention is paid to the Cos¬
sacks' increasing social and political awareness during
1
630s, realizing there rights
as knights and gaining functions of the «political nation». The author contradicts at¬
tempts at depicting the Cossacks as a military society, identical to mercenaries with
all their wicked traits. The author supports the idea of all the participants of the out¬
burst regarding their actions as fully legitimate, as they were not only defending
their class privileges, but also the rights and freedoms the King granted the
Ruthenian
nation and the Orthodox Church.
Larysa Dovha
«Betrayal» in the Compendium by I. Gizel «Piece with God to Man»
The author focuses on views of I. Gizel about «treason» in the context of tradi¬
tions of Christian divinity. It is mentioned that every sin was treated by Gizel under
this concept because ability to the sin was violation of loyalty to God and his com¬
mandments. However, the author believes that in more narrow definition of concept
«treason» Gizel pushed off from realities of daily occurrence, in particular, from ju¬
dicial practice of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Legal approach, selected
by him for the analysis of sin as a crime accomplished against God, justice, absolute
law, and common blessing, resulted in that «treason» is exposed not so much
through the prism of moral estimation of act, as from the point of view of a danger
which it can represent for political stability or consent in given community.
Righorism traditional for Orthodox ethics in relation to estimation of human acts is
transferable on an attempt to co-ordinate strict moral principles of the Church with
the terms of the real earthly life of laymen.
Sergiy Plohij
In the name of Motherland: Loyalty and Betrayal of Ivan
Mazepa
The author studies the transformation of the concept of «motherland» in the
community of the Cossacks elite of the second half of the 17th
-
early 18th century:
starting from the traditional for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth view on
motherland as «Old Ruthenia» up to identifying it as the Hetmanate. Therefore
290
Summaries
the author claims that the concept of «motherland» was basic for the attempts both
to legitimize and to discredit
Mazepa'
s
uprising against the tsar in
1708.
Mazepa
and his supporters explained their uprising by their agitation for mother¬
land's integrity and welfare, as the attempt to liberate it from foreign yoke. There
were
Mazepa'
s
speeches and manifests that had introduces the concept of mother¬
land as highest value and the object of fidelity. Due to this rhetoric, Peter I, speak¬
ing primarily about Mazepa's treason of the tsar himself, later turned to speak about
his treason of motherland. On the contrary, the tsar trayed to present his actions as
the defense of «Little Russians nation» against it's enemies, that were moved by
personal ambitions and the intention to enrich theirselve. It is important, that, ad¬
dressing to his «Little Russian» subjects, Peter I speaks about «their» (not «our»)
motherland; on the contrary pronoun «our» is widely used by the representatives of
the Church and civil elites of the Hetmanate.
The author also describes the appearance of the concept of Russian monarchy
(thanks to Theophan
Prokopových)
as common motherland and object of fidelity of
all the subjects of the tsar, and analyses its controversial representation in
Hrabianka
and Velychko discourses.
Finally, the author notes, that in the drama «Grace of God», presented by stu¬
dents of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy to honor the restoration of the Hetmanate, the
concept of motherland equals Ukraine, or Little Russia, not Russia. This demon¬
strates that the tradition of
Mazepa
and Orlyk dominated in the Hetmanate over
the tradition of
Prokopových. |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Osteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV035085708 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:08:51Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:21:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | Ukrainian Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016753891 |
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| physical | 290 S. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
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| publisher | Inst. Istoriï Ukraïny NAN Ukraïny |
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| series2 | Socium |
| spelling | "Virnistʹ" - "zrada" v ujavlennjach i praktykach serednʹoviččja i rannʹoho Novoho času red. kolehija: Valerija Smolji - holovnyj red. ... Kyïv Inst. Istoriï Ukraïny NAN Ukraïny 2006 290 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Socium 6 Teilw. in kyrill. Schr., ukrain. - Betr. teilw. poln., teilw. ukrain. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache. - Einzelaufnahme eines Zeitschr.-Bd. Geschichte 1100-1800 gnd rswk-swf Verrat (DE-588)4191646-3 gnd rswk-swf Treue (DE-588)4126283-9 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Treue (DE-588)4126283-9 s Geschichte 1100-1800 z DE-604 Verrat (DE-588)4191646-3 s Smolij, Valerij Andrijovyč 1950- Sonstige (DE-588)142706558 oth Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016753891&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016753891&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | "Virnistʹ" - "zrada" v ujavlennjach i praktykach serednʹoviččja i rannʹoho Novoho času Verrat (DE-588)4191646-3 gnd Treue (DE-588)4126283-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4191646-3 (DE-588)4126283-9 (DE-588)4075739-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | "Virnistʹ" - "zrada" v ujavlennjach i praktykach serednʹoviččja i rannʹoho Novoho času |
| title_auth | "Virnistʹ" - "zrada" v ujavlennjach i praktykach serednʹoviččja i rannʹoho Novoho času |
| title_exact_search | "Virnistʹ" - "zrada" v ujavlennjach i praktykach serednʹoviččja i rannʹoho Novoho času |
| title_exact_search_txtP | "Virnistʹ" - "zrada" v ujavlennjach i praktykach serednʹoviččja i rannʹoho Novoho času |
| title_full | "Virnistʹ" - "zrada" v ujavlennjach i praktykach serednʹoviččja i rannʹoho Novoho času red. kolehija: Valerija Smolji - holovnyj red. ... |
| title_fullStr | "Virnistʹ" - "zrada" v ujavlennjach i praktykach serednʹoviččja i rannʹoho Novoho času red. kolehija: Valerija Smolji - holovnyj red. ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | "Virnistʹ" - "zrada" v ujavlennjach i praktykach serednʹoviččja i rannʹoho Novoho času red. kolehija: Valerija Smolji - holovnyj red. ... |
| title_short | "Virnistʹ" - "zrada" v ujavlennjach i praktykach serednʹoviččja i rannʹoho Novoho času |
| title_sort | virnistʹ zrada v ujavlennjach i praktykach serednʹoviccja i rannʹoho novoho casu |
| topic | Verrat (DE-588)4191646-3 gnd Treue (DE-588)4126283-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Verrat Treue Osteuropa Aufsatzsammlung |
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| work_keys_str_mv | AT smolijvalerijandrijovyc virnistʹzradavujavlennjachipraktykachserednʹoviccjairannʹohonovohocasu |