Handbook of ring-opening polymerization:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Weinheim
WILEY-VCH
2009
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 408 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783527319534 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Handbook of ring-opening polymerization |c ed. by Philippe Dubois ... |
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| 300 | |a XVIII, 408 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Ring-opening polymerization |v Handbooks, manuals, etc | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents
Preface XIII
List ofContnbutors XV
1 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Ring-Opening Polymerization 1
Andrzej Duda and Adam Kowalski
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Thermodynamics of the Ring-Opening Polymerization 3
1.2.1 Equilibrium Monomer Concentration: Ceiling/Floor Tenaperatures 3
1.2.2 Selected Particular Cases 11
1.2.2.1 Polymerization in Heterogeneous Systems 11
1.2.2.2 Monomer-Polymer-Solvent Interactions 12
1.2.2.3 Thermodynamics of Oligomerization 12
1.2.3 Thermodynamics of Macrocyclization 15
1.2.4 Equilibrium Copolymerization 18
1.2.5 Molar Mass Distribution in the Equilibrium Polymerization 21
1.3 Kinetics of Ring-Opening Polymerization 23
1.3.1 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Polymerizability 23
1.3.2 Kinetics of Iiving Polymerization 25
1.3.2.1 Kinetic Criteria of Living Polymerization 26
1.3.2.2 Active Center Interconversions and the Determination of Absolute
Rate Constants 28
1.3.2.3 Departure from Livingness: Kinetics of Selected Side Reactions 39
1.3.2.4 Kinetics of Copolymerization 44
1.4 Conduding Remarks 45
References 45
2 General Mechanisms in Ring-Opening Polymerization 53
Takeshi Endo
2.1 Introduction 53
2.2 Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization 53
2.2.1 General Mechanism 53
2.2.2 Activated Monomer Mechanism 55
2.3 Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization 56
Handbook of Ring-Opening Polymerization. Edited by P. Dubois, O. Coulembier, and J.-M. Raquez
Copyright © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim
ISBN: 978-3-527-31953-4
VI Contents
2.3.1 General Mechanism 56
2.3.2 Activated Monomer Mechanism 57
2.3.3 Isomerization Polymenzation 58
2.4 Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization 60
2.5 Summary and Prospects 62
References 62
3 Siloxane-Containing Polymers 65
Francois Canachaud and Syivie Boileau
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 Polydimethylsüoxanes 66
3.2.1 Anionic Polymerization 66
3.2.1.1 General Considerations 66
3.2.1.2 Recent Advances 68
3.2.2 Cationic Polymerization 70
3.2.2.1 General Considerations 70
3.2.2.2 Recent Advances 71
3.2.3 Emulsion Polymenzation 73
3.2.3.1 General Considerations 73
3.2.3.2 Recent Advances 75
3.2.4 Other Processes 76
3.3 Functional Silicones 76
3.3.1 Anionic Polymerization 77
3.3.1.1 Homopolymerization of Symmetrical Cyclosiloxanes 77
3.3.1.2 Homopolymerization of Asymmetrical Cyclosiloxanes 79
3.3.1.3 Copolymerization 80
3.3.2 Cationic Polymerization 83
3.3.2.1 Homopolymerization of Symmetrical Cyclosiloxanes 83
3.3.2.2 Homopolymerization of Asymmetrical Cyclosiloxanes 84
3.3.2.3 Copolymerization 84
3.3.3 Emulsion Polymerization 84
3.4 Polycarbosiloxanes 85
3.4.1 Five-Atom Rings 87
3.4.2 Larger Cyclocarbosiloxanes 88
3.5 Summary and Prospects 89
Acknowledgments 90
References 90
4 Sulfur-Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Containing Polymers 97
Frederick F. Stewart and Eric 5. Peterson
4.1 Introduction 97
4.2 Mechanism and Methods in Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) of
Halogenated Cyclotriphosphazenes 98
4.3 Ring-Opening Polymerization and Chemistry of Nonhalogenated
Phosphazene Rings 107
Contents VII
4.4 Incorporation of Sulfur mto Phosphazene Ring Systems, and Their
Polymerization Chemistry 113
4.4.1 Thiophosphazenes 113
4.4.2 Thionylphosphazenes 115
4.5 Summary and Prospects 119
Acknowledgments 120
References 120
5 Polymerization of Cyclic Depsipeptides, Ureas and Urethanes 123
PieterJ. Dijkstra
5.1 Introduction 123
5.2 Polydepsipeptides 123
5.3 Monomers 124
5.4 Ring-Opening Polymerization 126
5.5 Enzymatic Polymerization 130
5.6 Ring Expansion 131
5.7 Polyureas 133
5.8 Polyurethanes 135
5.9 Summary and Prospects 137
References 138
6 Polyethers and Polyoxazolines 141
Richard Hoopenboom
o
6.1 Introduction 141
6.2 Polyethers 141
6.2.1 Polyäthylene Oxide) 142
6.2.2 Poly(oxetane) 142
6.2.3 Poly(tetrahydrofuran) 144
6.3 Polyoxazolines 151
6.4 Summary and Prospects 160
Acknowledgments 160
References 161
7 Polyamides 165
Jan Roda
7.1 Introduction 165
7.2 Mechanism ofthe Anionic Polymerization ofLactams 167
7.3 Initiators for the Anionic Polymerization of Lactams 172
7.4 Activators for Anionic Polymerization of Lactams 176
7.4.1 N-Acyllactams 177
7.4.2 iV-Carbamoyllactams 177
1A.3 Special Activators 179
7.5 Nonactivated Polymerization 181
7.6 Cyclic Oligomers of £-Caprolactam 182
7.7 Block Copolymers of Lactams 183
7.8 Anionic Copolymerization of e-Caprolactam with a)-Laurolactam 185
VIII Contents
7.9 Copolymerization of Lactams with Lactones (e-Caprolactone) 386
7.10 Powdered Polyamide 188
7.11 Nanocomposites 189
7.12 Anionic Polymerization of 2-Pyrrolidone 189
7.13 Summary and Prospects 191
Acknowledgments 192
References 192
8 Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization 197
Michael R. Buchmeiser
8.1 General Introduction 197
8.2 Introduction to Ring-Opening Metathesis Polyrnerization
(ROMP) 197
8.3 Well-Defined Catalysts for ROMP 199
8.3.1 Schrock-Type Initiators 199
8.3.2 Grubbs-Type Initiators 200
8.4 'Living' ROMP 204
8.4.1 ROMP with Schrock Initiators 205
8.4.2 ROMP with Grubbs-Type Initiators 207
8.5 Selected Recent Applications and Developments 209
8.5.1 Novel Catalysts for ROMP 209
8.5.2 ROMP of High and Low Rmg-Stram Monomers 210
8.5.3 Stereoselective and Regioselective ROMP 212
8.5.4 Mechanistic Investigations 212
8.5.5 Altemating Copolymerizations 214
8.5.6 Changes in Polymerization Mechanism 215
8.5.7 Materials Science 215
8.5.8 ROMP in Water and in Ionic Liquids 217
8.5.9 Computational Studies 218
8.6 Summary and Prospects 219
References 219
9 Polyesters from ß-Lactones 227
Olivier Coulembier and Philippe Dubais
9.1 Introduction 227
9.2 ß-Lactones Preparation 228
9.3 Ionic Polymerization 230
9.3.1 Anionic Processes 230
9.3.2 Carbocationic Process 238
9.4 Coordination Process 239
9.5 Carbene-Based Polymerization 243
9.6 Enzymatic Polymerization 248
9.7 Illustrative Experimental Section 249
9.7.1 Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Benzyl
ß-Malolactonate 249
Contents IX
9.7.2 Synthesis of Poly([R,S]-ß-Butyrolactone), a-Methoxy, ü)-Carboxylic
Acid from Commeraally Available 5-Methoxy-l,3,4-Triphenyl-4,5-
Dihydro-lH-l,2-Triazol-5-Ylidene Carbene 250
References 250
10 Polyesters from Dilactones 255
Odile Dechy-Cabaret, Bianca Martin-Vaca, and Didier Bourissou
10.1 Introduction 255
10.2 General Concepts and ROP Promoted by Metallic
Catalysts/Initiators 256
10.2.1 ODonor Ligands 258
10.2.2 N-Donor Ligands 259
10.2.3 N,O-Donor Ligands 261
10.3 Recent Advances in ROP 262
10.3.1 Metal-Free ROP 262
10.3.1.1 Nucleophilic/Basic Catalysts 262
10.3.1.2 Catiomc Polymerization 266
10.3.1.3 Bifunctional Catalysts 266
10.3.2 Stereocontrolled ROP 268
10.3.2.1 rac-Lactide 270
10.3.2.2 meso-Lactide 272
10.4 Macromolecular Engineering 273
10.4.1 'Modified' PLGAs: Alternative Monomers to Lactide and
Glycolide 273
10.4.2 Macromolecular Architectures 276
10.4.2.1 Linear Block Copolymers 276
10.4.2.2 Grafted Block Copolymers 277
10.4.2.3 Star and Dendritic Polymers 278
10.5 Applications 278
10.6 Summary and Prospects 280
Acknowledgments 281
References 281
11 Polyesters from Large Lactones 287
Ann-Christine Albertsson, Indra K. Varma, and Rajiv K. Srivastava
11.1 Introduction 287
11.2 Controlled Synthesis of Linear Polyesters 289
11.2.1 Nonenzymatic Methods of Polymerization 290
11.2.2 Enzymatic Methods of Polymerization 293
11.2.2.1 The Mechanism of Enzyme-Catalyzed ROP 296
11.2.3 Copolyesters 297
11.2.4 Functionalized Polyesters 298
11.2.5 Chemospecific Polymerization 299
11.2.6 Enantioselective Polymerization 300
11.3 Physical Properties of Polymers 300
X Contents
11.4 Summary and Prospects 301
References 302
12 Polycarbonates 307
Helmut Keul
12.1 Introduction 307
12.2 Polymerization of Cyclic Carbonates: Homopolymers and Block
Copolymers 308
12.2.1 Initiation 309
12.2.1.1 Alkali Metal-Based and Metal-Free Initiators 309
12.2.1.2 Initiators for a Coordmation-Insertion Mechanism 311
12.2.2 Chain Propagation 311
12.2.2.1 Alkali Metal Alcoholate and Phenolate Active Sites 312
12.2.2.2 Metal-Free Active Sites: Site Transformation from Group Transfer
Polymerization to Anionic Metal-Free Polymerization 313
12.2.2.3 Magnesium, Aluminum and Zinc Alcoholate Active Sites 314
12.2.3 Monomers and Homopolymers 315
12.2.4 Block Copolymers Comprising a Polycarbonate Block 320
12.2.5 Copolymenzation of Cyclic Carbonates with Lactones 321
12.3 Summary and Prospects 324
References 324
13 Polymerization of Cycloalkanes 329
Jacques Penelle
13.1 Introduction 329
13.2 General Overview and Thermodynamic Requirements 330
13.3 Structure-Reactivity Relationships Based on a Comprehensive Survey
of the Current Literature 332
13.3.1 The Polymerization of Monocyclic Alkanes 349
13.3.1.1 Cydopropane Rings 349
13.3.1.2 Cyclobutane Rings 350
13.3.2 The Polymerization of Polycyclic Rings 351
13.3.3 Unusual Examples 351
13.4 Summary and Prospects 352
References 353
14 Metal-Free Catalysis in Ring-Opening Polymerization 357
Andrew P. Dove
14.1 Introduction 357
14.2 Nucleophilic ROP 357
14.2.1 Tertiary Amines and Phosphines 357
14.2.2 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes 360
14.2.3 Supramolecular Activation 367
14.2.4 Other Nucleophilic ROP Catalysts 371
14.3 Metal-Free Ionic ROP 373
Contents XI
14.3.1 Cationic 373
14.3.2 Anionic 375
14.4 Summary and Prospects 375
References 376
15 Enzyme-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerization 379
Andreas Heise, Christopher J. Duxbury, and Anja R. A. Palmans
15.1 Introduction 379
15.2 Charactenstics of Enzymatic ROP 380
15.3 Classes of Monomer 383
15.3.1 Lactones 383
15.3.1.1 Substituted Lactones 383
15.3.2 Lactides/Glycolide/Depsipeptides and Cyclic Diesters 388
15.3.3 Cyclic Carbonates and Cyclic Phosphates 390
15.4 Polymer Architectures Employing Enzymatic ROP 391
15.4.1 Block Copolymers 391
15.4.2 Graft Copolymers 392
15.4.3 Branched and Crosslinked Polymers 393
15.5 Summary and Prospects 393
References 394
Index 399 |
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface XIII
List ofContnbutors XV
1 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Ring-Opening Polymerization 1
Andrzej Duda and Adam Kowalski
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Thermodynamics of the Ring-Opening Polymerization 3
1.2.1 Equilibrium Monomer Concentration: Ceiling/Floor Tenaperatures 3
1.2.2 Selected Particular Cases 11
1.2.2.1 Polymerization in Heterogeneous Systems 11
1.2.2.2 Monomer-Polymer-Solvent Interactions 12
1.2.2.3 Thermodynamics of Oligomerization 12
1.2.3 Thermodynamics of Macrocyclization 15
1.2.4 Equilibrium Copolymerization 18
1.2.5 Molar Mass Distribution in the Equilibrium Polymerization 21
1.3 Kinetics of Ring-Opening Polymerization 23
1.3.1 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Polymerizability 23
1.3.2 Kinetics of Iiving Polymerization 25
1.3.2.1 Kinetic Criteria of Living Polymerization 26
1.3.2.2 Active Center Interconversions and the Determination of Absolute
Rate Constants 28
1.3.2.3 Departure from Livingness: Kinetics of Selected Side Reactions 39
1.3.2.4 Kinetics of Copolymerization 44
1.4 Conduding Remarks 45
References 45
2 General Mechanisms in Ring-Opening Polymerization 53
Takeshi Endo
2.1 Introduction 53
2.2 Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization 53
2.2.1 General Mechanism 53
2.2.2 Activated Monomer Mechanism 55
2.3 Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization 56
Handbook of Ring-Opening Polymerization. Edited by P. Dubois, O. Coulembier, and J.-M. Raquez
Copyright © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim
ISBN: 978-3-527-31953-4
VI Contents
2.3.1 General Mechanism 56
2.3.2 Activated Monomer Mechanism 57
2.3.3 Isomerization Polymenzation 58
2.4 Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization 60
2.5 Summary and Prospects 62
References 62
3 Siloxane-Containing Polymers 65
Francois Canachaud and Syivie Boileau
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 Polydimethylsüoxanes 66
3.2.1 Anionic Polymerization 66
3.2.1.1 General Considerations 66
3.2.1.2 Recent Advances 68
3.2.2 Cationic Polymerization 70
3.2.2.1 General Considerations 70
3.2.2.2 Recent Advances 71
3.2.3 Emulsion Polymenzation 73
3.2.3.1 General Considerations 73
3.2.3.2 Recent Advances 75
3.2.4 Other Processes 76
3.3 Functional Silicones 76
3.3.1 Anionic Polymerization 77
3.3.1.1 Homopolymerization of Symmetrical Cyclosiloxanes 77
3.3.1.2 Homopolymerization of Asymmetrical Cyclosiloxanes 79
3.3.1.3 Copolymerization 80
3.3.2 Cationic Polymerization 83
3.3.2.1 Homopolymerization of Symmetrical Cyclosiloxanes 83
3.3.2.2 Homopolymerization of Asymmetrical Cyclosiloxanes 84
3.3.2.3 Copolymerization 84
3.3.3 Emulsion Polymerization 84
3.4 Polycarbosiloxanes 85
3.4.1 Five-Atom Rings 87
3.4.2 Larger Cyclocarbosiloxanes 88
3.5 Summary and Prospects 89
Acknowledgments 90
References 90
4 Sulfur-Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Containing Polymers 97
Frederick F. Stewart and Eric 5. Peterson
4.1 Introduction 97
4.2 Mechanism and Methods in Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) of
Halogenated Cyclotriphosphazenes 98
4.3 Ring-Opening Polymerization and Chemistry of Nonhalogenated
Phosphazene Rings 107
Contents VII
4.4 Incorporation of Sulfur mto Phosphazene Ring Systems, and Their
Polymerization Chemistry 113
4.4.1 Thiophosphazenes 113
4.4.2 Thionylphosphazenes 115
4.5 Summary and Prospects 119
Acknowledgments 120
References 120
5 Polymerization of Cyclic Depsipeptides, Ureas and Urethanes 123
PieterJ. Dijkstra
5.1 Introduction 123
5.2 Polydepsipeptides 123
5.3 Monomers 124
5.4 Ring-Opening Polymerization 126
5.5 Enzymatic Polymerization 130
5.6 Ring Expansion 131
5.7 Polyureas 133
5.8 Polyurethanes 135
5.9 Summary and Prospects 137
References 138
6 Polyethers and Polyoxazolines 141
Richard Hoopenboom
o
6.1 Introduction 141
6.2 Polyethers 141
6.2.1 Polyäthylene Oxide) 142
6.2.2 Poly(oxetane) 142
6.2.3 Poly(tetrahydrofuran) 144
6.3 Polyoxazolines 151
6.4 Summary and Prospects 160
Acknowledgments 160
References 161
7 Polyamides 165
Jan Roda
7.1 Introduction 165
7.2 Mechanism ofthe Anionic Polymerization ofLactams 167
7.3 Initiators for the Anionic Polymerization of Lactams 172
7.4 Activators for Anionic Polymerization of Lactams 176
7.4.1 N-Acyllactams 177
7.4.2 iV-Carbamoyllactams 177
1A.3 Special Activators 179
7.5 Nonactivated Polymerization 181
7.6 Cyclic Oligomers of £-Caprolactam 182
7.7 Block Copolymers of Lactams 183
7.8 Anionic Copolymerization of e-Caprolactam with a)-Laurolactam 185
VIII Contents
7.9 Copolymerization of Lactams with Lactones (e-Caprolactone) 386
7.10 Powdered Polyamide 188
7.11 Nanocomposites 189
7.12 Anionic Polymerization of 2-Pyrrolidone 189
7.13 Summary and Prospects 191
Acknowledgments 192
References 192
8 Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization 197
Michael R. Buchmeiser
8.1 General Introduction 197
8.2 Introduction to Ring-Opening Metathesis Polyrnerization
(ROMP) 197
8.3 Well-Defined Catalysts for ROMP 199
8.3.1 Schrock-Type Initiators 199
8.3.2 Grubbs-Type Initiators 200
8.4 'Living' ROMP 204
8.4.1 ROMP with Schrock Initiators 205
8.4.2 ROMP with Grubbs-Type Initiators 207
8.5 Selected Recent Applications and Developments 209
8.5.1 Novel Catalysts for ROMP 209
8.5.2 ROMP of High and Low Rmg-Stram Monomers 210
8.5.3 Stereoselective and Regioselective ROMP 212
8.5.4 Mechanistic Investigations 212
8.5.5 Altemating Copolymerizations 214
8.5.6 Changes in Polymerization Mechanism 215
8.5.7 Materials Science 215
8.5.8 ROMP in Water and in Ionic Liquids 217
8.5.9 Computational Studies 218
8.6 Summary and Prospects 219
References 219
9 Polyesters from ß-Lactones 227
Olivier Coulembier and Philippe Dubais
9.1 Introduction 227
9.2 ß-Lactones Preparation 228
9.3 Ionic Polymerization 230
9.3.1 Anionic Processes 230
9.3.2 Carbocationic Process 238
9.4 Coordination Process 239
9.5 Carbene-Based Polymerization 243
9.6 Enzymatic Polymerization 248
9.7 Illustrative Experimental Section 249
9.7.1 Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Benzyl
ß-Malolactonate 249
Contents IX
9.7.2 Synthesis of Poly([R,S]-ß-Butyrolactone), a-Methoxy, ü)-Carboxylic
Acid from Commeraally Available 5-Methoxy-l,3,4-Triphenyl-4,5-
Dihydro-lH-l,2-Triazol-5-Ylidene Carbene 250
References 250
10 Polyesters from Dilactones 255
Odile Dechy-Cabaret, Bianca Martin-Vaca, and Didier Bourissou
10.1 Introduction 255
10.2 General Concepts and ROP Promoted by Metallic
Catalysts/Initiators 256
10.2.1 ODonor Ligands 258
10.2.2 N-Donor Ligands 259
10.2.3 N,O-Donor Ligands 261
10.3 Recent Advances in ROP 262
10.3.1 Metal-Free ROP 262
10.3.1.1 Nucleophilic/Basic Catalysts 262
10.3.1.2 Catiomc Polymerization 266
10.3.1.3 Bifunctional Catalysts 266
10.3.2 Stereocontrolled ROP 268
10.3.2.1 rac-Lactide 270
10.3.2.2 meso-Lactide 272
10.4 Macromolecular Engineering 273
10.4.1 'Modified' PLGAs: Alternative Monomers to Lactide and
Glycolide 273
10.4.2 Macromolecular Architectures 276
10.4.2.1 Linear Block Copolymers 276
10.4.2.2 Grafted Block Copolymers 277
10.4.2.3 Star and Dendritic Polymers 278
10.5 Applications 278
10.6 Summary and Prospects 280
Acknowledgments 281
References 281
11 Polyesters from Large Lactones 287
Ann-Christine Albertsson, Indra K. Varma, and Rajiv K. Srivastava
11.1 Introduction 287
11.2 Controlled Synthesis of Linear Polyesters 289
11.2.1 Nonenzymatic Methods of Polymerization 290
11.2.2 Enzymatic Methods of Polymerization 293
11.2.2.1 The Mechanism of Enzyme-Catalyzed ROP 296
11.2.3 Copolyesters 297
11.2.4 Functionalized Polyesters 298
11.2.5 Chemospecific Polymerization 299
11.2.6 Enantioselective Polymerization 300
11.3 Physical Properties of Polymers 300
X Contents
11.4 Summary and Prospects 301
References 302
12 Polycarbonates 307
Helmut Keul
12.1 Introduction 307
12.2 Polymerization of Cyclic Carbonates: Homopolymers and Block
Copolymers 308
12.2.1 Initiation 309
12.2.1.1 Alkali Metal-Based and Metal-Free Initiators 309
12.2.1.2 Initiators for a Coordmation-Insertion Mechanism 311
12.2.2 Chain Propagation 311
12.2.2.1 Alkali Metal Alcoholate and Phenolate Active Sites 312
12.2.2.2 Metal-Free Active Sites: Site Transformation from Group Transfer
Polymerization to Anionic Metal-Free Polymerization 313
12.2.2.3 Magnesium, Aluminum and Zinc Alcoholate Active Sites 314
12.2.3 Monomers and Homopolymers 315
12.2.4 Block Copolymers Comprising a Polycarbonate Block 320
12.2.5 Copolymenzation of Cyclic Carbonates with Lactones 321
12.3 Summary and Prospects 324
References 324
13 Polymerization of Cycloalkanes 329
Jacques Penelle
13.1 Introduction 329
13.2 General Overview and Thermodynamic Requirements 330
13.3 Structure-Reactivity Relationships Based on a Comprehensive Survey
of the Current Literature 332
13.3.1 The Polymerization of Monocyclic Alkanes 349
13.3.1.1 Cydopropane Rings 349
13.3.1.2 Cyclobutane Rings 350
13.3.2 The Polymerization of Polycyclic Rings 351
13.3.3 Unusual Examples 351
13.4 Summary and Prospects 352
References 353
14 Metal-Free Catalysis in Ring-Opening Polymerization 357
Andrew P. Dove
14.1 Introduction 357
14.2 Nucleophilic ROP 357
14.2.1 Tertiary Amines and Phosphines 357
14.2.2 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes 360
14.2.3 Supramolecular Activation 367
14.2.4 Other Nucleophilic ROP Catalysts 371
14.3 Metal-Free Ionic ROP 373
Contents XI
14.3.1 Cationic 373
14.3.2 Anionic 375
14.4 Summary and Prospects 375
References 376
15 Enzyme-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerization 379
Andreas Heise, Christopher J. Duxbury, and Anja R. A. Palmans
15.1 Introduction 379
15.2 Charactenstics of Enzymatic ROP 380
15.3 Classes of Monomer 383
15.3.1 Lactones 383
15.3.1.1 Substituted Lactones 383
15.3.2 Lactides/Glycolide/Depsipeptides and Cyclic Diesters 388
15.3.3 Cyclic Carbonates and Cyclic Phosphates 390
15.4 Polymer Architectures Employing Enzymatic ROP 391
15.4.1 Block Copolymers 391
15.4.2 Graft Copolymers 392
15.4.3 Branched and Crosslinked Polymers 393
15.5 Summary and Prospects 393
References 394
Index 399 |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:04:43Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T09:51:11Z |
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| isbn | 9783527319534 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Handbook of ring-opening polymerization ed. by Philippe Dubois ... Weinheim WILEY-VCH 2009 XVIII, 408 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ring-opening polymerization Handbooks, manuals, etc Ringöffnungspolymerisation (DE-588)4285058-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Ringöffnungspolymerisation (DE-588)4285058-7 s DE-604 Dubois, Philippe edt text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3112780&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016741222&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Handbook of ring-opening polymerization Ring-opening polymerization Handbooks, manuals, etc Ringöffnungspolymerisation (DE-588)4285058-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4285058-7 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Handbook of ring-opening polymerization |
| title_auth | Handbook of ring-opening polymerization |
| title_exact_search | Handbook of ring-opening polymerization |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Handbook of ring-opening polymerization |
| title_full | Handbook of ring-opening polymerization ed. by Philippe Dubois ... |
| title_fullStr | Handbook of ring-opening polymerization ed. by Philippe Dubois ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Handbook of ring-opening polymerization ed. by Philippe Dubois ... |
| title_short | Handbook of ring-opening polymerization |
| title_sort | handbook of ring opening polymerization |
| topic | Ring-opening polymerization Handbooks, manuals, etc Ringöffnungspolymerisation (DE-588)4285058-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ring-opening polymerization Handbooks, manuals, etc Ringöffnungspolymerisation Aufsatzsammlung |
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