Trudne początki Polski:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Wrocław
Wydawn. Uniw. Wrocławskiego
2008
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Monografie Fundacji na Rzecz Nauki Polskiej : Seria Humanistyczna
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Poland's difficult beginnings |
| Beschreibung: | 418 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788322929162 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138014566252544 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
1.
WPROWADZENIE
7
2.
RAZEM CZY OSOBNO?
16
3.
POCZĄTKI PAŃSTW WCZESNOŚREDNIOWIECZNYCH
JAKO PROBLEM INTERDYSCYPLINARNY
25
4.
WCZESNE PAŃSTWA W EUROPIE SRODKOWO-WSCHODNIEJ
I PÓŁNOCNEJ
37
5.
OD „PLEMIENIA DO PAŃSTWA
69
6.
OD GRODU DO MIASTA
107
7.
OD MAGII DO RYNKU
142
8.
OD PIASTA DO MIESZKA
176
9.
ŚLĄSK W PAŃSTWIE WCZESNOPIASTOWSKIM
192
10.
PIERWSZE STOLICE PIASTÓW
216
11.
ZJAZD GNIEŹNIEŃSKI
234
12.
„A TO POLSKA WŁAŚNIE!
317
13.
ZAKOŃCZENIE
361
Literatura
364
Summary
400
Indeks osobowy
404
Indeks nazw geograficznych
414
SUMMARY
POLAND S DIFFICULT BEGINNINGS
The author of the present book is an archaeologist who has been trying to substantiate
his underground findings by information extracted from library shelves. Unfortunately,
contemporary historians, archaeologists, art historians, linguists and numismatists all
speak different languages . This makes communication difficult, as a result of which
researchers are reluctant to explore fields dominated by other disciplines that study the
past in a different manner.
One of the problems hindering the interdisciplinary debate is the typical archaeol¬
ogical conviction that expanding databases improves our understanding of past reality.
In addition, more and more scholars specialize in increasingly narrow fields and react
negatively to trespassers , especially if they undermine the well-rooted traditions.
However, I believe that there is no other way to make progress than to take account
of the necessary criticism.
In Chapter
2
(Together or separately?) I strongly support an interdisciplinary
approach to the study of the Polish Early Middle Ages. It may sound like a truism but
the cooperation between archaeologists and historians has been usually limited to the
mutual borrowing of ready-made interpretations used to support hypotheses arrived at
earlier. This reflects the traditional separation of the material culture within the studies
of the past. The way out of this deadlock leads through the reference to and applica¬
tion of general anthropological knowledge with special attention to be devoted to the
achievements of historical anthropology. Unfortunately, such a stance does not enjoy
support among Polish academics, who usually treat the historical and the archaeologi¬
cal approaches to the Early Middle Ages separately, which results in visions limited
either to the material or the verbal evidence of the social reality.
Chapter
3
(The origins of Early Medieval states as an interdisciplinary problem)
deals with one of the obvious targets of the proposed interdisciplinary research, i.e.
the early history of statehood in Central Europe. Available literature is immense but
the factual foundations are rather weak, which results in interpretations being supple¬
mented with imagination. The well-established evolutionistic approaches have been
questioned mostly by archaeologists who implement the ever-growing archaeological
databases. This, however, requires the development of theoretical concepts reaching
beyond the schemes of common sense reasoning. The achievements of political and
ethnohistorical anthropology too should be of great value here, especially in answering
a long series of the still difficult questions.
Early states in Central-Eastern and Northern Europe are dealt with in Chapter
4
which offers a broad background for the arguments presented further on in the book. It
400
contains a presentation of the earliest history of the Polish state as compared with the
processes that took place around it. Such a regional perspective is obviously necessary
to understand and explain many national processes that cannot be reduced to a series
of crucial events suggested by the written sources. Similarly, there is a need to devote
more attention to confronting the still preferred deterministic explanation, which refers
to some general mechanisms of the socio-political development, with the acknowledge¬
ment of the role of
contingence
and the interests of individuals. Hence the suggestion
to avoid discussing the national perspectives of the Czechs, Poles,
Ruthenians,
Swedes
or Hungarians and to replace them with studies of dynastic interests of the Premyslids,
Piasts, Rurikids, Skjoldungs or Arpads whose actions eventually resulted in the creation
of political nations.
In Chapter
5
(From a tribe
to the state) I try to persuade Polish scholars to leave
behind the deeply-rooted concept of a strictly tribal organization of the populations that
inhabited lands located between the Baltic Sea and the mountains before
966
when our
first historical monarch, Mieszko I, was baptized. Very vague written evidence as well
as lack of archaeological evidence, which would demonstrate the existence of distinct
regions of different material cultures, suggest that we should abandon the very useful
but unsubstantiated vision of a political organization of increasing complexity where
territorial aggregation is the main mechanism. This is an opportunity to finally remove
the commonly accepted tribes of
Polanie
and Wislanie from the maps of the Polish lands
in the pre-state period. These two tribes , which are so important to our national con¬
sciousness, seem to be rather late creations of Polish historiography and, therefore, their
place is on a library shelf alongside other mythical figures. The search for clear-cut divi¬
sions during the Polish Early Middle Ages may be replaced with a vision of a relatively
uniform ethnohistorical region that was undoubtedly ethnically varied and politically
dynamic but not to the extent that would allow external (archaeological, historical or
linguistic) identification of any stable ethnopolitical territorial organizations.
The still prevailing, generally evolutionistic presentation of the history of impor¬
tant political-economic centres pales when confronted with the available information,
a view argued for in Chapter
6
(From a stronghold to a town). The traditional vision
of their gradual development from tribal strongholds to centres organized by the
early states and later to charter towns is not convincing anymore. I try to explain this
by pointing to structural differences in various phases. As a result, the misleading
continuity of using the same sites is broken into a series of differently manifested
results of changing political and economic circumstances. The archaeologically recon¬
structed history of the former Mazovian capital in
Czersk
is used as an example of such
a paroxysmal (hi)story. A similar trend towards abandoning continuities in favour of
structural changes has been recently observed in other countries where towns are
treated as results of political strategies of investing in the socio-political infrastructure
rather than just demographic-economic agglomerations.
Another bone of contention emerges from the dispute over the meaning of the
silver treasures deposited in Poland around the turn of the 1st and the 2nd millennia
401
-
Chapter
7
{From magic to the market economy). Here the disagreement results from
very different visions of the mentality of people living in the Early Middle Ages. It
is a debate between those who analyze the findings using mainly economic (or even
market-based) categories and adherents of the concept that the economy was only
one of many aspects of the Early Medieval reality, which also included irrational
behaviour, e.g. magic and symbolic actions. Hence the suggestion of a confrontation
between homo oeconomicus and homo symbolicus, which has potential consequences
for research that has been effectively monopolized by numismatists who concentrate
obsessively on exchange rates, purchasing power, prices, taxes, etc.
Chapter
8
(From
Piast
to Mieszko) deals with the dynastic legend of the Piasts,
which is recorded in the first Polish chronicle written during the third decade of the 12th
century by a monk traditionally called
Gallus
Anonymous. Most Polish medievalists
have probably commented on this short story at one point or another and much paper
has been used to argue for its (incredibility. While not aspiring to join this complex
discussion, I would nevertheless like to point out a possible unorthodox interpretation.
Leaving aside all details (e.g. names, place-names and dialogues), one may recognize
a very good description of territorial state formation by a family determined to achieve
and sustain their paramount status. Its similarity to anthropological reconstructions
adds a new dimension to the discussion of the origins of the Polish state.
Questions referring to the age, size and borders are typical for any discussion of
early states. Unfortunately, the vagueness of available sources results in endless debates
on the delimitation of the states over which reigned our two first rulers, i.e. Mieszko I
(7-992)
and
Bolesław Chrobry [Boleslaus
the Brave]
(992-1025).
Of special interest is
the south-western border which provokes contradictory opinions of Polish, Czech and
German scholars (Chapter
9 -
Silesia in the early
Piast
state). I have tried to analyze
the available historical, architectural and archaeological material without giving in to
patriotic emotions. My conclusions point to the existence of an inter-state region
which effectively kept its relative independence despite periods of growing domination
by one of the three neighbours. Such a concept may seem hardly acceptable to scholars
who cannot imagine such an undefined geopolitical situation.
Another controversy is caused by the stubborn search for The first capitals of the
Piasts (Chapter
10).
Historians gave Mieszko I and his son several centres designated
to be their permanent seats. It is not easy to choose between the two main candidates,
i.e.
Gniezno
and
Poznań,
especially given the fact that there are other towns just as
eager to bask in this glory. My conclusion will once again disappoint all those who
explore the Middle Ages looking for structures typical for much later times. The per-
sonalistic type of political power as well as logistical constraints forced those early
rulers to travel permanently all over their domains in order to defuse tensions and
assert their political supremacy. Therefore, the search for the capital should be consid¬
ered a rather hopeless endeavour.
When discussing the earliest Polish history, one cannot ignore the crucial date
of March
1000
AD when Emperor Otto III paid
Bolesław Chrobry
an unprecedented
402
visit. This event traditionally called the
Gniezno
Summit (Chapter
11)
provided the
young state with an independent archbishopric and confirmed political independence
of the Piasts whose power had been steadily growing over the years. The reasons,
details and direct results of this meeting of two powerful and visionary rulers are not
obvious despite rather good coverage by written sources. Both monarchs seemed to
promote their personal and dynastic interests that did not easily match. Controversies
led to unclear tensions and hasty decisions which had far-reaching consequences. In
order to understand these nuances, it is necessary to sketch a continental panorama of
Otto Ill s imperial strategy in which
Bolesław
had a leading role to play. Unfortunately,
the premature death of the Emperor in
1002
put an end to the stabilization of this new
geopolitical structure in Central Europe where a belt of German allies was created,
stretching from Venice to the Baltic Sea.
The last Chapter
12
{And this is Poland) focuses on the discussion about the
very delicate problem of the origins of Poland and the Poles . I find traditional
concepts rather dubious, as they trace these names to the ancient past when the centre
of the Polish lands was allegedly inhabited by
Polanie
whose tribal organization
was a foundation upon which the Piasts built their state. Polish historiography en bloc
ignores the sheer fact that there is not a single credible source that would mention this
important tribe . In my view, our national choronym and ethnonym appeared both as
late as
с
1000
when they were invented with the aim of allowing detailed identifica¬
tion of the new political structure that had taken a stable foothold in Central Europe.
In addition, it seems that this initiative originated abroad and was only later accepted
by
Bolesław Chrobry,
though in a distorted form, which during the High Middle Ages
was explained by the early historians who simply invented the
Polanie .
The present book demonstrates the interpretational potential offered by interdis¬
ciplinary criticism of the current state of our knowledge of the pre-state and early-state
period of the land between the Baltic Sea and the Carpathian and Sudeten mountains.
The results of such discussions strongly suggest that we are still far from establishing
a clear vision of what happened during that time. We definitely need to expand the
theoretical foundations of our studies of the period, which should help us to reinterpret
many of the deeply-rooted concepts that do not hold up to contemporary criticism. At
the same time, it seems necessary to rum again to the original sources but without the
baggage of the earlier convictions.
|
| adam_txt |
SPIS TREŚCI
1.
WPROWADZENIE
7
2.
RAZEM CZY OSOBNO?
16
3.
POCZĄTKI PAŃSTW WCZESNOŚREDNIOWIECZNYCH
JAKO PROBLEM INTERDYSCYPLINARNY
25
4.
WCZESNE PAŃSTWA W EUROPIE SRODKOWO-WSCHODNIEJ
I PÓŁNOCNEJ
37
5.
OD „PLEMIENIA" DO PAŃSTWA
69
6.
OD GRODU DO MIASTA
107
7.
OD MAGII DO RYNKU
142
8.
OD PIASTA DO MIESZKA
176
9.
ŚLĄSK W PAŃSTWIE WCZESNOPIASTOWSKIM
192
10.
PIERWSZE STOLICE PIASTÓW
216
11.
ZJAZD GNIEŹNIEŃSKI
234
12.
„A TO POLSKA WŁAŚNIE!"
317
13.
ZAKOŃCZENIE
361
Literatura
364
Summary
400
Indeks osobowy
404
Indeks nazw geograficznych
414
SUMMARY
POLAND'S DIFFICULT BEGINNINGS
The author of the present book is an archaeologist who has been trying to substantiate
his underground findings by information extracted from library shelves. Unfortunately,
contemporary historians, archaeologists, art historians, linguists and numismatists all
speak different "languages". This makes communication difficult, as a result of which
researchers are reluctant to explore fields dominated by other disciplines that study the
past in a different manner.
One of the problems hindering the interdisciplinary debate is the typical archaeol¬
ogical conviction that expanding databases improves our understanding of past reality.
In addition, more and more scholars specialize in increasingly narrow fields and react
negatively to "trespassers", especially if they undermine the well-rooted traditions.
However, I believe that there is no other way to make progress than to take account
of the necessary criticism.
In Chapter
2
(Together or separately?) I strongly support an interdisciplinary
approach to the study of the Polish Early Middle Ages. It may sound like a truism but
the cooperation between archaeologists and historians has been usually limited to the
mutual borrowing of ready-made interpretations used to support hypotheses arrived at
earlier. This reflects the traditional separation of the material culture within the studies
of the past. The way out of this deadlock leads through the reference to and applica¬
tion of general anthropological knowledge with special attention to be devoted to the
achievements of historical anthropology. Unfortunately, such a stance does not enjoy
support among Polish academics, who usually treat the historical and the archaeologi¬
cal approaches to the Early Middle Ages separately, which results in visions limited
either to the material or the verbal evidence of the social reality.
Chapter
3
(The origins of Early Medieval states as an interdisciplinary problem)
deals with one of the obvious targets of the proposed interdisciplinary research, i.e.
the early history of statehood in Central Europe. Available literature is immense but
the factual foundations are rather weak, which results in interpretations being supple¬
mented with imagination. The well-established evolutionistic approaches have been
questioned mostly by archaeologists who implement the ever-growing archaeological
databases. This, however, requires the development of theoretical concepts reaching
beyond the schemes of common sense reasoning. The achievements of political and
ethnohistorical anthropology too should be of great value here, especially in answering
a long series of the still difficult questions.
Early states in Central-Eastern and Northern Europe are dealt with in Chapter
4
which offers a broad background for the arguments presented further on in the book. It
400
contains a presentation of the earliest history of the Polish state as compared with the
processes that took place around it. Such a regional perspective is obviously necessary
to understand and explain many "national" processes that cannot be reduced to a series
of crucial events suggested by the written sources. Similarly, there is a need to devote
more attention to confronting the still preferred deterministic explanation, which refers
to some general mechanisms of the socio-political development, with the acknowledge¬
ment of the role of
contingence
and the interests of individuals. Hence the suggestion
to avoid discussing the national perspectives of the Czechs, Poles,
Ruthenians,
Swedes
or Hungarians and to replace them with studies of dynastic interests of the Premyslids,
Piasts, Rurikids, Skjoldungs or Arpads whose actions eventually resulted in the creation
of political nations.
In Chapter
5
(From a "tribe
"
to the state) I try to persuade Polish scholars to leave
behind the deeply-rooted concept of a strictly tribal organization of the populations that
inhabited lands located between the Baltic Sea and the mountains before
966
when our
first historical monarch, Mieszko I, was baptized. Very vague written evidence as well
as lack of archaeological evidence, which would demonstrate the existence of distinct
regions of different material cultures, suggest that we should abandon the very useful
but unsubstantiated vision of a political organization of increasing complexity where
territorial aggregation is the main mechanism. This is an opportunity to finally remove
the commonly accepted tribes of
Polanie
and Wislanie from the maps of the Polish lands
in the pre-state period. These two "tribes", which are so important to our national con¬
sciousness, seem to be rather late creations of Polish historiography and, therefore, their
place is on a library shelf alongside other mythical figures. The search for clear-cut divi¬
sions during the Polish Early Middle Ages may be replaced with a vision of a relatively
uniform ethnohistorical region that was undoubtedly ethnically varied and politically
dynamic but not to the extent that would allow external (archaeological, historical or
linguistic) identification of any stable ethnopolitical territorial organizations.
The still prevailing, generally evolutionistic presentation of the history of impor¬
tant political-economic centres pales when confronted with the available information,
a view argued for in Chapter
6
(From a stronghold to a town). The traditional vision
of their gradual development from "tribal" strongholds to centres organized by the
early states and later to charter towns is not convincing anymore. I try to explain this
by pointing to structural differences in various phases. As a result, the misleading
continuity of using the same sites is broken into a series of differently manifested
results of changing political and economic circumstances. The archaeologically recon¬
structed history of the former Mazovian capital in
Czersk
is used as an example of such
a "paroxysmal" (hi)story. A similar trend towards abandoning continuities in favour of
structural changes has been recently observed in other countries where "towns" are
treated as results of political strategies of investing in the socio-political infrastructure
rather than just demographic-economic agglomerations.
Another bone of contention emerges from the dispute over the meaning of the
silver "treasures" deposited in Poland around the turn of the 1st and the 2nd millennia
401
-
Chapter
7
{From magic to the market economy). Here the disagreement results from
very different visions of the mentality of people living in the Early Middle Ages. It
is a debate between those who analyze the findings using mainly economic (or even
market-based) categories and adherents of the concept that the economy was only
one of many aspects of the Early Medieval reality, which also included "irrational"
behaviour, e.g. magic and symbolic actions. Hence the suggestion of a confrontation
between homo oeconomicus and homo symbolicus, which has potential consequences
for research that has been effectively monopolized by numismatists who concentrate
obsessively on exchange rates, purchasing power, prices, taxes, etc.
Chapter
8
(From
Piast
to Mieszko) deals with the dynastic legend of the Piasts,
which is recorded in the first Polish chronicle written during the third decade of the 12th
century by a monk traditionally called
Gallus
Anonymous. Most Polish medievalists
have probably commented on this short story at one point or another and much paper
has been used to argue for its (incredibility. While not aspiring to join this complex
discussion, I would nevertheless like to point out a possible unorthodox interpretation.
Leaving aside all details (e.g. names, place-names and dialogues), one may recognize
a very good description of territorial state formation by a family determined to achieve
and sustain their paramount status. Its similarity to anthropological reconstructions
adds a new dimension to the discussion of the origins of the Polish state.
Questions referring to the age, size and borders are typical for any discussion of
early states. Unfortunately, the vagueness of available sources results in endless debates
on the delimitation of the states over which reigned our two first rulers, i.e. Mieszko I
(7-992)
and
Bolesław Chrobry [Boleslaus
the Brave]
(992-1025).
Of special interest is
the south-western border which provokes contradictory opinions of Polish, Czech and
German scholars (Chapter
9 -
Silesia in the early
Piast
state). I have tried to analyze
the available historical, architectural and archaeological material without giving in to
"patriotic" emotions. My conclusions point to the existence of an inter-state region
which effectively kept its relative independence despite periods of growing domination
by one of the three neighbours. Such a concept may seem hardly acceptable to scholars
who cannot imagine such an undefined geopolitical situation.
Another controversy is caused by the stubborn search for The first capitals of the
Piasts (Chapter
10).
Historians gave Mieszko I and his son several centres designated
to be their permanent seats. It is not easy to choose between the two main candidates,
i.e.
Gniezno
and
Poznań,
especially given the fact that there are other towns just as
eager to bask in this glory. My conclusion will once again disappoint all those who
explore the Middle Ages looking for structures typical for much later times. The per-
sonalistic type of political power as well as logistical constraints forced those early
rulers to travel "permanently" all over their domains in order to defuse tensions and
assert their political supremacy. Therefore, the search for the capital should be consid¬
ered a rather hopeless endeavour.
When discussing the earliest Polish history, one cannot ignore the crucial date
of March
1000
AD when Emperor Otto III paid
Bolesław Chrobry
an unprecedented
402
visit. This event traditionally called the
Gniezno
Summit (Chapter
11)
provided the
young state with an independent archbishopric and confirmed political independence
of the Piasts whose power had been steadily growing over the years. The reasons,
details and direct results of this meeting of two powerful and visionary rulers are not
obvious despite rather good coverage by written sources. Both monarchs seemed to
promote their personal and dynastic interests that did not easily match. Controversies
led to unclear tensions and hasty decisions which had far-reaching consequences. In
order to understand these nuances, it is necessary to sketch a continental panorama of
Otto Ill's imperial strategy in which
Bolesław
had a leading role to play. Unfortunately,
the premature death of the Emperor in
1002
put an end to the stabilization of this new
geopolitical structure in Central Europe where a belt of German allies was created,
stretching from Venice to the Baltic Sea.
The last Chapter
12
{And this is Poland) focuses on the discussion about the
very delicate problem of the origins of "Poland" and the "Poles". I find traditional
concepts rather dubious, as they trace these names to the ancient past when the centre
of the Polish lands was allegedly inhabited by
"Polanie"
whose tribal organization
was a foundation upon which the Piasts built their state. Polish historiography en bloc
ignores the sheer fact that there is not a single credible source that would mention this
important "tribe". In my view, our national choronym and ethnonym appeared both as
late as
с
1000
when they were "invented" with the aim of allowing detailed identifica¬
tion of the new political structure that had taken a stable foothold in Central Europe.
In addition, it seems that this initiative originated abroad and was only later accepted
by
Bolesław Chrobry,
though in a distorted form, which during the High Middle Ages
was explained by the early historians who simply invented the
"Polanie".
The present book demonstrates the interpretational potential offered by interdis¬
ciplinary criticism of the current state of our knowledge of the pre-state and early-state
period of the land between the Baltic Sea and the Carpathian and Sudeten mountains.
The results of such discussions strongly suggest that we are still far from establishing
a clear vision of what happened during that time. We definitely need to expand the
theoretical foundations of our studies of the period, which should help us to reinterpret
many of the deeply-rooted concepts that do not hold up to contemporary criticism. At
the same time, it seems necessary to rum again to the original sources but without the
baggage of the earlier convictions. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Urbańczyk, Przemysław 1951- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)129179914 |
| author_facet | Urbańczyk, Przemysław 1951- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Urbańczyk, Przemysław 1951- |
| author_variant | p u pu |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035067642 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DK4200 |
| callnumber-raw | DK4200 |
| callnumber-search | DK4200 |
| callnumber-sort | DK 44200 |
| callnumber-subject | DK - Russia, Soviet Union, Former Soviet Republics, Poland |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)298932237 (DE-599)BVBBV035067642 |
| era | Geschichte Anfänge-1100 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte Anfänge-1100 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Polen Poland Antiquities Poland History To 1572 Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polen Poland Antiquities Poland History To 1572 |
| id | DE-604.BV035067642 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:02:58Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:21:27Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788322929162 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016736063 |
| oclc_num | 298932237 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 418 S. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Wydawn. Uniw. Wrocławskiego |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Monografie Fundacji na Rzecz Nauki Polskiej : Seria Humanistyczna |
| spelling | Urbańczyk, Przemysław 1951- Verfasser (DE-588)129179914 aut Trudne początki Polski Przemysław Urbańczyk Wrocław Wydawn. Uniw. Wrocławskiego 2008 418 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monografie Fundacji na Rzecz Nauki Polskiej : Seria Humanistyczna Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Poland's difficult beginnings Geschichte Anfänge-1100 gnd rswk-swf Funde Geschichte Polen Poland Antiquities Poland History To 1572 Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Geschichte Anfänge-1100 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016736063&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016736063&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Urbańczyk, Przemysław 1951- Trudne początki Polski Funde Geschichte |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Trudne początki Polski |
| title_auth | Trudne początki Polski |
| title_exact_search | Trudne początki Polski |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Trudne początki Polski |
| title_full | Trudne początki Polski Przemysław Urbańczyk |
| title_fullStr | Trudne początki Polski Przemysław Urbańczyk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trudne początki Polski Przemysław Urbańczyk |
| title_short | Trudne początki Polski |
| title_sort | trudne poczatki polski |
| topic | Funde Geschichte |
| topic_facet | Funde Geschichte Polen Poland Antiquities Poland History To 1572 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016736063&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016736063&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT urbanczykprzemysław trudnepoczatkipolski |