Oraşul din spaţiul românesc între Orient şi Occident: tranziţia de la medievalitate la modernitate
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Romanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Iaşi
Ed. Univ. "Alexandru Ioan Cuza"
2007
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Historica
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 362 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789737032683 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804138013463150592 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CUPRINS
NOTĂ
.......................................................................................................... 7
Petronel ZAHARIUC, Date noi despre ctitorii mănăstirii
Jitianu (jud.
Dolj) şi un document de danie pentru mănăstirea Sfântul
Pavel de
la
Muntele
Athos
........................................................................................ 11
Gerd
FRANCK,
Un ctitor şi o ctitorie: Ion Golăi şi mănăstirea
Golia
.... 27
Enikő RÜSZ-FOGARASI,
Câteva aspecte privind statutul văduvelor în
Cluj în perioada premoderna
............................................................... 53
Laurenţiu RĂDVAN, Drumuri de ţară şi drumuri de oraş în Ţara
Românească în secolele XVII-XVIII
..................................................... 67
Judit PÁL,
Administraţia şi elita oraşului
Satu
Mare în prima jumătate a
secolului alXVIII-lea
........................................................................... 115
Mihai-Cristian AMĂRIUŢEI, Despre vornicii de poartă şi atribuţiile
lor în Iaşii secolului al XVIII-lea
......................................................... 131
Sorin IFTIMI, Turnul bisericii Sfântul Spiridon din Iaşi, un monument
între două lumi
..................................................................................... 165
Oaudiu NEAGOE, Tradiţionalism şi modernitate în societatea şi
muzica românească
(1750-1830)......................................................... 183
Sorin ŞIPOŞ, Mărturii asupra oraşelor-cetăţi de la frontiera răsăriteană
a Europei consemnate de ofiţerul francez Lazowski la sfârşitul
secolului al XVIII-lea
........................................................................... 241
Dan Dumitru IACOB, Balurile înaltei societăţi din Principatele
Române la mijlocul secolului al XlX-lea
.............................................. 263
Carmen OPRESCU, Activitatea edilitară şi modernizarea oraşului
Câmpulung Muscel (sfârşitul sec. XIX-prima parte a sec.
XX)
......... 325
ABSTRACTS
.............................................................................................. 347
AUTORI
...................................................................................................... 359
ABSTRACTS
New data on the founders of the Jitianu monastery
(Dolj
county)
andan
act of donation for the monastery of St Paul on Mount
Athos
Petronel Zahariuc
The Jitianu monastery, with St
Dimitri
as its patron, is one of the major
houses of worship around Craiova. Alongside the
Bucovăţ
monastery,
located north of the previously mentioned town, the Jitianu monastery
was the main refuge for town dwellers over several centuries. The root of
the monastery s name is based on the Slavic
jitie
(„life, „living )
pointing at how the
„obştejitie
monastery phrase was derived, meaning
„life amidst the community . Based on this term, Petronel Zahariuc
follows two directions to explain the origin of this place of worship: one
leads to a possibly older church existing on the site, and another, to the
Jitian name, borne by several
boyars
in Wallachia between the 15th and
the 16th centuries. The oldest known record on the Jitianu monastery was
kept in the archive of the St Paul monastery on Mount
Athos
in a
document dated March
12, 1593.
The author demonstrates that the
1557
property act, issued by
Pătraşcu
the Kind, which was deemed to be the
oldest mention of the church, is actually the summary of confirmation act
by the prince for half of the village of Iamnic, which will later come
under the possession of the Jitianu monastery. The scrivener for the
document transcribed it in brief and placed the summary before the text,
which was later a source of confusion among researchers. In the
348__________________________________________________
Abstracts
appendix, the author replicates the text of a document in the archives at
Mount
Athos,
in which
Radu de la Afumaţi
ruled that the monastery of St
Paul was to receive a certain amount of money every year (March
3,
1528).
A founder and a foundation: Ion
Golăi
and the
Golia
monastery
Gerd
Franck
The study focuses on the life and achievements of a grand
boyar
in
Moldavia, Ion
Golăi,
and the beginnings of one of his foundations, the
Golia
monastery in
Iaşi.
The author aims to reveal the origins of Ion
Golăi s
family and the way its members were involved in the political and
economical scene of Moldavia. Ion
Golăi
is part of a generation of
boyars
which stood out by the taste displayed for the urban environment, instead
of the rural area, where they had taken up residence until that time. The
above-mentioned
boyar
held various offices at the ruler s court: he was a
seneschal
(stolnic), staroste
and grand logothete
{mare logofăt),
an office
by which he managed the chancellery. Material and financial resources
available allowed him to purchase numerous estates and domains. His
property included
30
villages and village parts, with houses and building
land in
Iaşi
and
Cotnari,
spreading across
12
counties; among others, he
also had breweries in
Iaşi.
The fortune amassed allowed him to build a
church on the outskirts of the town of
Iaşi
(the future
Golia
monastery,
rebuilt by Vasile
Lupu),
which has family would later dedicate to
Vatopede monastery, at Mount
Athos.
For reasons unknown, Ion
Golăi
was executed by order of prince
lancu Sasu,
in
1581
or
1582.
Abstracts
______________________________________________________
349_
Several considerations on the status of widows
in
Cluj
in the
Premodern
Period
Enikő Rüsz-Fogarasi
This study is focused on the status of widowed women in
premodern Cluj.
This paper has chosen the Treaty on Succession
{Tratatul asupra
succesiunii)
of
1603
as its reference, among all the statutes created in
Cluj,
since it frequently approaches the legal and social status of women
and hence of widows. Widowhood is one of three possible social
alternatives opening up to a woman throughout her life. Following her
birth her family life would be spent in her father s legal custody, while
marriage would grant her a household and a transfer in her husband s
custody Marriages would be concluded at an early age, with any man or
woman facing the prospect of becoming a widower/widow more than
once in a lifetime, since mortality rates were significantly high. Recurring
wars and
frequent
epidemic outbreaks translated into a reduced life
expectancy. This is how marriages would often meet untimely ends with
the spouses becoming widows or widowers as often as this happened. It a
certain woman were to become a widow, the community would expect
her to celebrate and honor her husband s memory, to manage or to pass
on the inheritance and to settle custody over the infants; if the husband
had died in exceptional circumstances, it was her duty to shed light on hi
demise. Any new marriage was to be declared to the formes without
delay. Widows would often carry forth the trade of their late husband
cÎJue
thľtrade
ff tb*
debased husbands
fc „
they could have a journeyman and an apprentice at then- side. This was
<mly
pošsMe
if
Ito
woman remained a widow (in this case, remarriages
352_____________________________________________
Abstracts
support
given to the
Habsburg
army, the town s destruction during the
revolt, benefits to the treasury etc. One diploma was obtained in
1712,
followed by the Diet s sanctioning in
1715
a law which provided that the
two communities should be granted the rank of free royal town (now
officially merged). The town administration is headed by the inner
council or the Senate (magistratus, senatus), made up of
12
members, and
the outer council
(electa
communitas); before the unification, it counted
70
members in
Satu Mare
and
50
in Mintiu. The head of the council was
the tribune (tribunus plebis, also fiirmender in sources, based on the
German
Vormund),
who acted as a mediator between the two councils,
and often between the towns of
Satu Mare
and Mintiu as well. The
number of members in the outer council was set to reach
60
persons. In
1758,
membership in the outer council was brought down to
40,
since the
central authority probably sought to decrease Protestant presence. The
study addresses the responsibilities of the two councils and the often tense
relationships between the two formerly twin communities.
On gate overseers and their responsibilities in 18th century
Iaşi
Mihai-Cristian Amăriuţei
The study focuses on a local administrative office and its responsibilities
in the town of
Iaşi,
in the 18th century. In
Iaşi,
Moldavia s capital, town
rule, made up of the
ş
oltuz and the
pârgari,
is largely restricted in the
latter half of the 17th century and even more notably in the following
century due to the fast-paced gain in authority of the new institution
presided by the gate overseer
(vornic de poarta).
The latter was appointed
by the prince and was called upon to settle town issues: sales-purchases,
the laying of cadastral boundaries, research on the condition of certain
premises or on places in the town core and on its boundary, pricing the
estates and sometimes even settling disputes between town inhabitants.
The name of the officials is derived from their initial task, that of sorting
through disputes in front of the Court Gate and presiding over the lesser
Abstracts
353
ones of the ordinary town dweller. Their numbers varied over time: from
12
in the 17th century to only four mentioned at the beginning of the next
century. Of all the above-mentioned responsibilities, one stands out: the
authority of the gate overseer to lay boundaries. Witness (neighbor)
testimonies, oaths and consideration of documents with a probative force
were all taken into account when overseers would measure and parcel out
tracts of land by laying landmarks such as stones or posts. Overseers were
also the ones who priced specific goods, usually buildings or tracts of
land/real estates, especially when auctioned. The study also considers the
income of these officials and concludes by presenting a table with the
name of all the gate overseers indicated by historical evidence in
Iaşi,
in
the 18th century.
The belfry of the St Spiridon church in
Iaşi,
a monument between two worlds
Sorin Iftimi
This paper is dedicated to a major monument in the town of
Iaşi,
the St
Spiridon church belfry. Throughout the centuries, the urban setting of
Iaşi
was less Oriental in its aspect than that of Bucharest; however, the town
was not markedly Occidental in its external features. A certain
architecture with a local fragrance, born out of
ą
pragmatist and
minimalist approach rather than derived from artistic trends had the upper
hand until modem times. Classicism appeared in the Moldavian
architecture in the last quarter of the 18th century, when a true
architectural revolution occurred, in the sense that buildings displayed
Western features. Architects and craftsmen came to
Iaşi,
bringing along
models adequate to the tastes and the comfort of modern times. Specific
features are attributed to the Russian connection via which Classicism
was adopted in many buildings, with repeated periods of Russian
administration east of the Carpathians, occasioned by various anti-
Ottoman campaigns. In this light, the architecture of the St Spiridon
Church of
Iaşi
stands out. The first church was built around
1752
and was
354 ____________________________________
Abstracts
heavily affected by the
1802
earthquake, being rebuilt in
1804.
The
belfry, flanked from
1765
on by twin water fountains
(cişmele),
and
provided after
1830
with a Parisian clock underwent several stages in its
evolution, with restorations dated
1786, 1807, 1843
and
1862.
Up to now,
it was commonly believed that the belfry had been erected in
1786,
but
the author demonstrates that, in its initial stage, it was built around
1757,
at the same time as the enclosing wall erected by prince
Constantin
Racoviţă.
Traditionalism and modernity in Romanian music and society
(1750-1830)
Claudiu Neagoe
The present study seeks to show how the Western penchant in Romanian
society became ever more obvious at the end of the 18th century and in the
first few decades of the 19th. The subject is extensive, prompting the study
to focus on issues which have to do, on the one hand, with the
traditionalist vein in Romanian society and, on the other, on the music of
the day (a specific aspect), as a channel for the Western influence to be
adopted. The urban environment is the one where this phenomenon found
its most profound resonance; this is why research highlights how the
urban universe defined itself from the latter half of the 18th century, the
so-called century of the Phanar, until local rulers rose to power again
(1821).
In the 18th century, Romanian society was, for the most part,
orientalized .
Boyars,
as well as other social classes, looked to Ottoman
customs in both mien and attire, mores, attitudes and behavior, art,
architecture or music. A mixture of Oriental, as well as Western
influences makes its way into music. From mid- 18th century on, fiddlers
in Wallachia and Moldavia began to play a new genre of songs in
boyar
and royal courts, songs of love and revelry, the melancholy gentle worldly
songs. The military occupations of
1769-1774, 1788-1791,
and
1806-
Abstracts
_______________________________________________355
1811
would change this state of things. The presence of Austrian and
Russian officers in the two Principalities exerted a slow, but decisive
influence on the musical tastes of the
boyars,
who, to gain the favors of
the powers that be, were quick to adopt Western customs and music,
without abandoning the local ones. The musical scene became ever more
animated at the beginning of the 19th century, due to various theater
companies or musicians arriving from Germany, Italy or Austria.
Boyar
daughters also underwent musical education, learning to play various
instruments.
Testimonies on stronghold towns on the eastern border of Europe, as
recorded by the French officer Lazowski at the end of the 18th century
Sorin Şipoş
As French interest in areas under Ottoman domination increased, French
officers were dispatched in large numbers to increase the Ottoman army
defense. Special consideration was given to the fortification system under
Ottoman control along the
Nistru
river, where Russian forces attacked
Romanian territory under the influence of the Porte on numerous
occasions. The study analyzes the memoirs of French officer Joseph
Félix
Lazowski, which hold documentary evidence on a significant part of the
European border of the Ottoman Empire. After a brief presentation of
Lazowski s biography, the author of the study analyzes the testimony of
the officer, present between January
1795
and June
1797
in the Ottoman
Empire. The account describes the Ottoman system of fortifications
bordering the Empire of the Czar, namely the strongholds of Ismail,
Bender,
Cetatea Albă
(Akkerman)
and
Chilia,
inspected in person by
Lazowski. The four reports drafted on that occasion were either
forwarded to the Directorate, complete with a fifth report, a sort of
synthesis on the political and military status of the Ottoman Empire,
namely Observations
sur l état présent de la Turquie et sur les rapports
politiques de cette Puissance avec la République Française. Lazowski s
356______
^
___________________________________
Abstracts
mission was to assess the status of the fortifications and to propose the
most adequate solutions to increase their efficiency. Some of the original
ideas to be found in the memoirs include Lazowski s plea for abandoning
the amiable relationships between France and the Ottoman Empire, which
had not yielded the expected results, and engaging in a military campaign
to conquer Egypt.
High Life Balls in the Romanian Principalities
at the Middle
oftheXCŕ
Century
Dan
Dumitru Iacob
Balls represented the most important events of Romanian high life in mid-
19th century, eliciting the admiration of contemporaries through frequency
of occurrence and splendor, exclusiveness and massive attendance, as
well as implications and social effects. Being real shows of high life, balls
offered a proper environment for entertainment, socialization and
representation, encouraging erotic games and facilitating matrimonial
politics. In the background, balls also represented a proper circumstance
for manipulation, intrigues and political conspiracies.
The intensity and the complexity of social life sustained by these
luxurious events ascribed to balls a special popularity which had an echo
in collective consciousness, in memoirs, literature and the printed media
of the time. In order to understand the causes of this popularity, the author
tried to outline some specific features of balls, investigating some aspects
such as how the western fashion of balls and society dances was adopted
in the Principalities, how private and public balls were organized, the
variety of these events (official balls, fancy dress balls, masked balls,
dancing parties or balls for children), the carnival and the calendar of
balls, their atmosphere, the advantages of wearing masks and erotic game,
the connection between entertainment and politics, risks and unfortunate
experiences occurring at balls.
Balls offered consistency and brightness for fashionable life in Romanian
towns, especially in the two capitals of the
Danubian
Principalities, Iasi
Abstracts
________________________________ 357
and Bucharest. They also had an important role in bringing society up to
date. The renewals were extremely visible and speedy in the ballroom,
both in respect to the ambience and the equipments of the dancing hall,
music, dancing style, manners, education, society language etc. Balls
have also contributed to the modernization of urban life. They sped up the
development of social life, they diversified cultural life and stimulated the
economy in Romanian towns, imbuing them with brightness and local
colour.
Urban public works and the modernization of the town of
Câmpulung
Muscel (late
19th century
-
early 20th century)
Carmen Oprescu
Based on groundbreaking information provided by archives, this study
looks at how a new wave in urban planning unfolded in the town of
Câmpulung
in late 19th
-
early 20th century. The qualities of air, natural
environment and mineral waters in
Câmpulung
and its surroundings
influenced urban works, heavily influenced by the popular desire to entice
as many tourists as possible. The first substantial news on public lighting
in
Câmpulung
date back to
1855,
but it is only much later, in
1896,
that
gas lighting is put into service. The first steps to introduce electricity are
taken in
1905,
but the network itself is only finished in
1912.
The author
also focuses on the various regulations issued by the Town Hall and the
Local Council. These regulations underwent the following stages to
approval: the regulation was put forward, voted by the Council, sent to
Bucharest, and submitted to the consideration of the High Technical
Council for approval, which could send it back with demanding
modifications; comments were discussed and the regulation was then
voted again, being sent to the Minister of the Interior for approval, and
only then issued by King s High Decree and published in the Official
Gazette. The author also deals with frontage projects. Although measures
for a uniform alignment of stores were talcen ever since
1833,
the first
frontage project is mentioned for the
Rucăream
Street
(1895);
the main
358________________________________________·________________
Abstracts
streets of the town would follow,
Negru Vodă
and
Mìrcea
Vodă.
As
regards the laying of asphalt on the roads, records are available ever since
1896,
when the reconditioning of the paved streets of
Negru Vodă,
Mìrcea
Vodă and Matei
Basarab
was decided, as well as the partial
construction of asphalt sidewalks on
Negru Vodă
and Mircea
Vodă.
Works on a drinking water network began in the spring of
1911
and
continued until the fall of
1912.
Works on river dykes for the
Târgului
River complemented them, after the Second World War1.
1
Traducerea rezumatelor a fost efectuată de Valentin Cîrdei.
|
| adam_txt |
CUPRINS
NOTĂ
. 7
Petronel ZAHARIUC, Date noi despre ctitorii mănăstirii
Jitianu (jud.
Dolj) şi un document de danie pentru mănăstirea Sfântul
Pavel de
la
Muntele
Athos
. 11
Gerd
FRANCK,
Un ctitor şi o ctitorie: Ion Golăi şi mănăstirea
Golia
. 27
Enikő RÜSZ-FOGARASI,
Câteva aspecte privind statutul văduvelor în
Cluj în perioada premoderna
. 53
Laurenţiu RĂDVAN, Drumuri de ţară şi drumuri de oraş în Ţara
Românească în secolele XVII-XVIII
. 67
Judit PÁL,
Administraţia şi elita oraşului
Satu
Mare în prima jumătate a
secolului alXVIII-lea
. 115
Mihai-Cristian AMĂRIUŢEI, Despre vornicii de poartă şi atribuţiile
lor în Iaşii secolului al XVIII-lea
. 131
Sorin IFTIMI, Turnul bisericii Sfântul Spiridon din Iaşi, un monument
între două lumi
. 165
Oaudiu NEAGOE, Tradiţionalism şi modernitate în societatea şi
muzica românească
(1750-1830). 183
Sorin ŞIPOŞ, Mărturii asupra oraşelor-cetăţi de la frontiera răsăriteană
a Europei consemnate de ofiţerul francez Lazowski la sfârşitul
secolului al XVIII-lea
. 241
Dan Dumitru IACOB, Balurile înaltei societăţi din Principatele
Române la mijlocul secolului al XlX-lea
. 263
Carmen OPRESCU, Activitatea edilitară şi modernizarea oraşului
Câmpulung Muscel (sfârşitul sec. XIX-prima parte a sec.
XX)
. 325
ABSTRACTS
. 347
AUTORI
. 359
ABSTRACTS
New data on the founders of the Jitianu monastery
(Dolj
county)
andan
act of donation for the monastery of St Paul on Mount
Athos
Petronel Zahariuc
The Jitianu monastery, with St
Dimitri
as its patron, is one of the major
houses of worship around Craiova. Alongside the
Bucovăţ
monastery,
located north of the previously mentioned town, the Jitianu monastery
was the main refuge for town dwellers over several centuries. The root of
the monastery's name is based on the Slavic
jitie
(„life," „living")
pointing at how the
„obştejitie
monastery" phrase was derived, meaning
„life amidst the community". Based on this term, Petronel Zahariuc
follows two directions to explain the origin of this place of worship: one
leads to a possibly older church existing on the site, and another, to the
Jitian name, borne by several
boyars
in Wallachia between the 15th and
the 16th centuries. The oldest known record on the Jitianu monastery was
kept in the archive of the St Paul monastery on Mount
Athos
in a
document dated March
12, 1593.
The author demonstrates that the
1557
property act, issued by
Pătraşcu
the Kind, which was deemed to be the
oldest mention of the church, is actually the summary of confirmation act
by the prince for half of the village of Iamnic, which will later come
under the possession of the Jitianu monastery. The scrivener for the
document transcribed it in brief and placed the summary before the text,
which was later a source of confusion among researchers. In the
348_
Abstracts
appendix, the author replicates the text of a document in the archives at
Mount
Athos,
in which
Radu de la Afumaţi
ruled that the monastery of St
Paul was to receive a certain amount of money every year (March
3,
1528).
A founder and a foundation: Ion
Golăi
and the
Golia
monastery
Gerd
Franck
The study focuses on the life and achievements of a grand
boyar
in
Moldavia, Ion
Golăi,
and the beginnings of one of his foundations, the
Golia
monastery in
Iaşi.
The author aims to reveal the origins of Ion
Golăi's
family and the way its members were involved in the political and
economical scene of Moldavia. Ion
Golăi
is part of a generation of
boyars
which stood out by the taste displayed for the urban environment, instead
of the rural area, where they had taken up residence until that time. The
above-mentioned
boyar
held various offices at the ruler's court: he was a
seneschal
(stolnic), staroste
and grand logothete
{mare logofăt),
an office
by which he managed the chancellery. Material and financial resources
available allowed him to purchase numerous estates and domains. His
property included
30
villages and village parts, with houses and building
land in
Iaşi
and
Cotnari,
spreading across
12
counties; among others, he
also had breweries in
Iaşi.
The fortune amassed allowed him to build a
church on the outskirts of the town of
Iaşi
(the future
Golia
monastery,
rebuilt by Vasile
Lupu),
which has family would later dedicate to
Vatopede monastery, at Mount
Athos.
For reasons unknown, Ion
Golăi
was executed by order of prince
lancu Sasu,
in
1581
or
1582.
Abstracts
_
349_
Several considerations on the status of widows
in
Cluj
in the
Premodern
Period
Enikő Rüsz-Fogarasi
This study is focused on the status of widowed women in
premodern Cluj.
This paper has chosen the Treaty on Succession
{Tratatul asupra
succesiunii)
of
1603
as its reference, among all the statutes created in
Cluj,
since it frequently approaches the legal and social status of women
and hence of widows. Widowhood is one of three possible social
alternatives opening up to a woman throughout her life. Following her
birth her family life would be spent in her father's legal custody, while
marriage would grant her a household and a transfer in her husband's
custody Marriages would be concluded at an early age, with any man or
woman facing the prospect of becoming a widower/widow more than
once in a lifetime, since mortality rates were significantly high. Recurring
wars and
frequent
epidemic outbreaks translated into a reduced life
expectancy. This is how marriages would often meet untimely ends with
the spouses becoming widows or widowers as often as this happened. It a
certain woman were to become a widow, the community would expect
her to celebrate and honor her husband's memory, to manage or to pass
on the inheritance and to settle custody over the infants; if the husband
had died in exceptional circumstances, it was her duty to shed light on hi
demise. Any new marriage was to be declared to the formes without
delay. Widows would often carry forth the trade of their late husband
cÎJue
thľtrade
ff tb*
debased husbands
fc „
they could have a journeyman and an apprentice at then- side. This was
<mly
pošsMe
if
Ito
woman remained a widow (in this case, remarriages
352_
Abstracts
support
given to the
Habsburg
army, the town's destruction during the
revolt, benefits to the treasury etc. One diploma was obtained in
1712,
followed by the Diet's sanctioning in
1715
a law which provided that the
two communities should be granted the rank of free royal town (now
officially merged). The town administration is headed by the inner
council or the Senate (magistratus, senatus), made up of
12
members, and
the outer council
(electa
communitas); before the unification, it counted
70
members in
Satu Mare
and
50
in Mintiu. The head of the council was
the "tribune" (tribunus plebis, also fiirmender in sources, based on the
German
Vormund),
who acted as a mediator between the two councils,
and often between the towns of
Satu Mare
and Mintiu as well. The
number of members in the outer council was set to reach
60
persons. In
1758,
membership in the outer council was brought down to
40,
since the
central authority probably sought to decrease Protestant presence. The
study addresses the responsibilities of the two councils and the often tense
relationships between the two formerly twin communities.
On gate overseers and their responsibilities in 18th century
Iaşi
Mihai-Cristian Amăriuţei
The study focuses on a local administrative office and its responsibilities
in the town of
Iaşi,
in the 18th century. In
Iaşi,
Moldavia's capital, town
rule, made up of the
ş
oltuz and the
pârgari,
is largely restricted in the
latter half of the 17th century and even more notably in the following
century due to the fast-paced gain in authority of the new institution
presided by the gate overseer
(vornic de poarta).
The latter was appointed
by the prince and was called upon to settle town issues: sales-purchases,
the laying of cadastral boundaries, research on the condition of certain
premises or on places in the town core and on its boundary, pricing the
estates and sometimes even settling disputes between town inhabitants.
The name of the officials is derived from their initial task, that of sorting
through disputes in front of the Court Gate and presiding over the lesser
Abstracts
353
ones of the ordinary town dweller. Their numbers varied over time: from
12
in the 17th century to only four mentioned at the beginning of the next
century. Of all the above-mentioned responsibilities, one stands out: the
authority of the gate overseer to lay boundaries. Witness (neighbor)
testimonies, oaths and consideration of documents with a probative force
were all taken into account when overseers would measure and parcel out
tracts of land by laying landmarks such as stones or posts. Overseers were
also the ones who priced specific goods, usually buildings or tracts of
land/real estates, especially when auctioned. The study also considers the
income of these officials and concludes by presenting a table with the
name of all the gate overseers indicated by historical evidence in
Iaşi,
in
the 18th century.
The belfry of the St Spiridon church in
Iaşi,
a monument between two worlds
Sorin Iftimi
This paper is dedicated to a major monument in the town of
Iaşi,
the St
Spiridon church belfry. Throughout the centuries, the urban setting of
Iaşi
was less Oriental in its aspect than that of Bucharest; however, the town
was not markedly Occidental in its external features. A certain
architecture with a local fragrance, born out of
ą
pragmatist and
minimalist approach rather than derived from artistic trends had the upper
hand until modem times. Classicism appeared in the Moldavian
architecture in the last quarter of the 18th century, when "a true
architectural revolution" occurred, in the sense that buildings displayed
Western features. Architects and craftsmen came to
Iaşi,
bringing along
models adequate to the tastes and the comfort of modern times. Specific
features are attributed to the Russian connection via which Classicism
was adopted in many buildings, with repeated periods of Russian
administration east of the Carpathians, occasioned by various anti-
Ottoman campaigns. In this light, the architecture of the St Spiridon
Church of
Iaşi
stands out. The first church was built around
1752
and was
354 _
Abstracts
heavily affected by the
1802
earthquake, being rebuilt in
1804.
The
belfry, flanked from
1765
on by twin water fountains
(cişmele),
and
provided after
1830
with a Parisian clock underwent several stages in its
evolution, with restorations dated
1786, 1807, 1843
and
1862.
Up to now,
it was commonly believed that the belfry had been erected in
1786,
but
the author demonstrates that, in its initial stage, it was built around
1757,
at the same time as the enclosing wall erected by prince
Constantin
Racoviţă.
Traditionalism and modernity in Romanian music and society
(1750-1830)
Claudiu Neagoe
The present study seeks to show how the Western penchant in Romanian
society became ever more obvious at the end of the 18th century and in the
first few decades of the 19th. The subject is extensive, prompting the study
to focus on issues which have to do, on the one hand, with the
traditionalist vein in Romanian society and, on the other, on the music of
the day (a specific aspect), as a channel for the Western influence to be
adopted. The urban environment is the one where this phenomenon found
its most profound resonance; this is why research highlights how the
urban universe defined itself from the latter half of the 18th century, the
so-called century of the Phanar, until local rulers rose to power again
(1821).
In the 18th century, Romanian society was, for the most part,
"orientalized".
Boyars,
as well as other social classes, looked to Ottoman
customs in both mien and attire, mores, attitudes and behavior, art,
architecture or music. A mixture of Oriental, as well as Western
influences makes its way into music. From mid- 18th century on, fiddlers
in Wallachia and Moldavia began to play a new genre of songs in
boyar
and royal courts, songs of love and revelry, the melancholy gentle worldly
songs. The military occupations of
1769-1774, 1788-1791,
and
1806-
Abstracts
_355
1811
would change this state of things. The presence of Austrian and
Russian officers in the two Principalities exerted a slow, but decisive
influence on the musical tastes of the
boyars,
who, to gain the favors of
the powers that be, were quick to adopt Western customs and music,
without abandoning the local ones. The musical scene became ever more
animated at the beginning of the 19th century, due to various theater
companies or musicians arriving from Germany, Italy or Austria.
Boyar
daughters also underwent musical education, learning to play various
instruments.
Testimonies on stronghold towns on the eastern border of Europe, as
recorded by the French officer Lazowski at the end of the 18th century
Sorin Şipoş
As French interest in areas under Ottoman domination increased, French
officers were dispatched in large numbers to increase the Ottoman army
defense. Special consideration was given to the fortification system under
Ottoman control along the
Nistru
river, where Russian forces attacked
Romanian territory under the influence of the Porte on numerous
occasions. The study analyzes the memoirs of French officer Joseph
Félix
Lazowski, which hold documentary evidence on a significant part of the
European border of the Ottoman Empire. After a brief presentation of
Lazowski's biography, the author of the study analyzes the testimony of
the officer, present between January
1795
and June
1797
in the Ottoman
Empire. The account describes the Ottoman system of fortifications
bordering the Empire of the Czar, namely the strongholds of Ismail,
Bender,
Cetatea Albă
(Akkerman)
and
Chilia,
inspected in person by
Lazowski. The four reports drafted on that occasion were either
forwarded to the Directorate, complete with a fifth report, a sort of
synthesis on the political and military status of the Ottoman Empire,
namely Observations
sur l'état présent de la Turquie et sur les rapports
politiques de cette Puissance avec la République Française. Lazowski's
356_
^
_
Abstracts
mission was to assess the status of the fortifications and to propose the
most adequate solutions to increase their efficiency. Some of the original
ideas to be found in the memoirs include Lazowski's plea for abandoning
the amiable relationships between France and the Ottoman Empire, which
had not yielded the expected results, and engaging in a military campaign
to conquer Egypt.
High Life Balls in the Romanian Principalities
at the Middle
oftheXCŕ
Century
Dan
Dumitru Iacob
Balls represented the most important events of Romanian high life in mid-
19th century, eliciting the admiration of contemporaries through frequency
of occurrence and splendor, exclusiveness and massive attendance, as
well as implications and social effects. Being real shows of high life, balls
offered a proper environment for entertainment, socialization and
representation, encouraging erotic games and facilitating matrimonial
politics. In the background, balls also represented a proper circumstance
for manipulation, intrigues and political conspiracies.
The intensity and the complexity of social life sustained by these
luxurious events ascribed to balls a special popularity which had an echo
in collective consciousness, in memoirs, literature and the printed media
of the time. In order to understand the causes of this popularity, the author
tried to outline some specific features of balls, investigating some aspects
such as how the western fashion of balls and society dances was adopted
in the Principalities, how private and public balls were organized, the
variety of these events (official balls, fancy dress balls, masked balls,
dancing parties or balls for children), the carnival and the calendar of
balls, their atmosphere, the advantages of wearing masks and erotic game,
the connection between entertainment and politics, risks and unfortunate
experiences occurring at balls.
Balls offered consistency and brightness for fashionable life in Romanian
towns, especially in the two capitals of the
Danubian
Principalities, Iasi
Abstracts
_ 357
and Bucharest. They also had an important role in bringing society up to
date. The renewals were extremely visible and speedy in the ballroom,
both in respect to the ambience and the equipments of the dancing hall,
music, dancing style, manners, education, society language etc. Balls
have also contributed to the modernization of urban life. They sped up the
development of social life, they diversified cultural life and stimulated the
economy in Romanian towns, imbuing them with brightness and local
colour.
Urban public works and the modernization of the town of
Câmpulung
Muscel (late
19th century
-
early 20th century)
Carmen Oprescu
Based on groundbreaking information provided by archives, this study
looks at how a new wave in urban planning unfolded in the town of
Câmpulung
in late 19th
-
early 20th century. The qualities of air, natural
environment and mineral waters in
Câmpulung
and its surroundings
influenced urban works, heavily influenced by the popular desire to entice
as many tourists as possible. The first substantial news on public lighting
in
Câmpulung
date back to
1855,
but it is only much later, in
1896,
that
gas lighting is put into service. The first steps to introduce electricity are
taken in
1905,
but the network itself is only finished in
1912.
The author
also focuses on the various regulations issued by the Town Hall and the
Local Council. These regulations underwent the following stages to
approval: the regulation was put forward, voted by the Council, sent to
Bucharest, and submitted to the consideration of the High Technical
Council for approval, which could send it back with demanding
modifications; comments were discussed and the regulation was then
voted again, being sent to the Minister of the Interior for approval, and
only then issued by King's High Decree and published in the Official
Gazette. The author also deals with frontage projects. Although measures
for a uniform alignment of stores were talcen ever since
1833,
the first
frontage project is mentioned for the
Rucăream
Street
(1895);
the main
358_·_
Abstracts
streets of the town would follow,
Negru Vodă
and
Mìrcea
Vodă.
As
regards the laying of asphalt on the roads, records are available ever since
1896,
when the reconditioning of the paved streets of
Negru Vodă,
Mìrcea
Vodă and Matei
Basarab
was decided, as well as the partial
construction of asphalt sidewalks on
Negru Vodă
and Mircea
Vodă.
Works on a drinking water network began in the spring of
1911
and
continued until the fall of
1912.
Works on river dykes for the
Târgului
River complemented them, after the Second World War1.
1
Traducerea rezumatelor a fost efectuată de Valentin Cîrdei. |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:02:37Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:21:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789737032683 |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016735300 |
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| publishDate | 2007 |
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| publisher | Ed. Univ. "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" |
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| series2 | Historica |
| spelling | Oraşul din spaţiul românesc între Orient şi Occident tranziţia de la medievalitate la modernitate Laurenţiu Rădvan (ed.) Iaşi Ed. Univ. "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" 2007 362 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Historica Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1550-1918 gnd rswk-swf Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 s Geschichte 1550-1918 z DE-604 Rădvan, Laurenţiu 1975- Sonstige (DE-588)141625708 oth Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016735300&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016735300&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Oraşul din spaţiul românesc între Orient şi Occident tranziţia de la medievalitate la modernitate Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056723-0 (DE-588)4050939-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Oraşul din spaţiul românesc între Orient şi Occident tranziţia de la medievalitate la modernitate |
| title_auth | Oraşul din spaţiul românesc între Orient şi Occident tranziţia de la medievalitate la modernitate |
| title_exact_search | Oraşul din spaţiul românesc între Orient şi Occident tranziţia de la medievalitate la modernitate |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Oraşul din spaţiul românesc între Orient şi Occident tranziţia de la medievalitate la modernitate |
| title_full | Oraşul din spaţiul românesc între Orient şi Occident tranziţia de la medievalitate la modernitate Laurenţiu Rădvan (ed.) |
| title_fullStr | Oraşul din spaţiul românesc între Orient şi Occident tranziţia de la medievalitate la modernitate Laurenţiu Rădvan (ed.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oraşul din spaţiul românesc între Orient şi Occident tranziţia de la medievalitate la modernitate Laurenţiu Rădvan (ed.) |
| title_short | Oraşul din spaţiul românesc între Orient şi Occident |
| title_sort | orasul din spatiul romanesc intre orient si occident tranzitia de la medievalitate la modernitate |
| title_sub | tranziţia de la medievalitate la modernitate |
| topic | Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Stadt Rumänien Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016735300&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016735300&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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