Common morality: deciding what to do
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. issued as paperback |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 189 S. |
| ISBN: | 0195314212 9780195314212 9780195173710 0195173716 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1811003881179578368 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Contents
ï!
Introduction
з
Some Areas of Widespread Agreement
8
Distinguishing Features of Moral Judgments
ю
Rationality and Human Nature
12
Areas of Moral Disagreement
13
Analogy between Morality and Grammar
15
Part I Si The Moral System
19
Features of the Moral System
19
The Moral Rules
20
The Moral Ideals
22
General Characteristics of Moral Rules
26
To whom do the rules apply?
26
Whom do the moral rules protect?
28
Interpreting the Rules
29
1.
"Do not kill."
29
2.
"Do not cause pain."
31
3.
"Do not disable."
33
4.
"Do not deprive of freedom."
35
5.
"Do not deprive of pleasure."
38
xx Contents
Summary of the first five rules
40
6.
"Do not deceive."
40
7.
"Keep your promises."
42
8.
"DO not cheat."
44
9.
"Obey the law."
47
10.
"Do your duty."
50
Violations of Moral Rules Involve Liability to Punishment
53
Justifying Violations of the Moral Rules
55
The Two-Step Procedure for Justifying Violations
of the Moral Rules
58
The first step: Using the morally relevant features to describe
the act
58
1.
Which moral rule is being violated?
59
2.
Which evils or harms (including their kind, severity,
probability, the length of time they will be suffered, and
their distribution) are being (a) caused by the violation,
(b) avoided (not caused) by the violation, or
(c) prevented by the violation?
60
3.
What are the desires and beliefs of the person toward whom
the rule is being violated?
62
(a) What are the desires of the person toward whom the rule
is being violated?
62
(b) What are the beliefs of the person toward whom me rule
is being violated?
63
4·
Is the relationship between the person violating die rule and
the persons toward whom die rule is being violated such that
the former sometimes has a duty to violate moral rules with
regard to the latter independendy of rheir consent?
65
5.
Which goods or benefits (including kind, degree, probability,
duration, and distribution) are being promoted by the
violation?
66
Contents xxi
6.
Is the rule being violated toward a person in order to prevent
her from violating a moral rule when her violation would be
(a) unjustified or (b) weakly justified?
67
7.
Is the rule being violated toward a person because he has
violated a moral rule (a) unjustifiably or (b) with a weak
justification?
68
8.
Are there any alternative actions or policies that
would be morally preferable?
69
9.
Is the violation being done intentionally or only
knowingly?
70
10.
Is the situation an emergency such that people are
not likely to plan to be in that kind of situation?
72
Summary of morally relevant features
73
The second step: Estimating the consequences of everyone
knowing that a kind of violation is allowed and that it is not
allowed
74
Moral Virtues and Vices
76
Summary and Test
78
Part II
u
The Moral Theory
81
The Justification of Morality
81
Characteristics of Moral Agents
87
Knowledge or Beliefs Required of All Moral Agents
88
Irrationality and Rationality
91
Rationality as Maximizing Satisfaction of Desires
95
Objectively Irrational Actions
97
Personally Irrational Actions
99
Reasons versus Motives
103
xxii
Contents
All Reasons Have Justifying Force
106
Reasons and Desires
ш
Adequate Reasons
112
Rationality, Morality, and Self-interest
114
Impartiality
116
Two Philosophical Attempts to Achieve Moral Impartiality
119
Justifying Moral Impartiality
122
Why morality requires impartiality with respect
to the moral rules
122
The group with regard to which morality requires
impartiality
126
Why Act Morally?
131
Morality as an Informal Public System
137
The Role of Governments in Settling Unresolvable
Moral Disagreements
139
Rights
142
The Consequences of Morality Not Always Providing
a Unique
Correa
Answer
145
A Complete Moral Theory
148
Conclusion
149
Flow Charts
151
Rationality
151
Morality IJ2
Glossary for Common Morality
153
Notes
161
Index
173 |
| adam_txt |
Contents
ï!
Introduction
з
Some Areas of Widespread Agreement
8
Distinguishing Features of Moral Judgments
ю
Rationality and Human Nature
12
Areas of Moral Disagreement
13
Analogy between Morality and Grammar
15
Part I Si The Moral System
19
Features of the Moral System
19
The Moral Rules
20
The Moral Ideals
22
General Characteristics of Moral Rules
26
To whom do the rules apply?
26
Whom do the moral rules protect?
28
Interpreting the Rules
29
1.
"Do not kill."
29
2.
"Do not cause pain."
31
3.
"Do not disable."
33
4.
"Do not deprive of freedom."
35
5.
"Do not deprive of pleasure."
38
xx Contents
Summary of the first five rules
40
6.
"Do not deceive."
40
7.
"Keep your promises."
42
8.
"DO not cheat."
44
9.
"Obey the law."
47
10.
"Do your duty."
50
Violations of Moral Rules Involve Liability to Punishment
53
Justifying Violations of the Moral Rules
55
The Two-Step Procedure for Justifying Violations
of the Moral Rules
58
The first step: Using the morally relevant features to describe
the act
58
1.
Which moral rule is being violated?
59
2.
Which evils or harms (including their kind, severity,
probability, the length of time they will be suffered, and
their distribution) are being (a) caused by the violation,
(b) avoided (not caused) by the violation, or
(c) prevented by the violation?
60
3.
What are the desires and beliefs of the person toward whom
the rule is being violated?
62
(a) What are the desires of the person toward whom the rule
is being violated?
62
(b) What are the beliefs of the person toward whom me rule
is being violated?
63
4·
Is the relationship between the person violating die rule and
the persons toward whom die rule is being violated such that
the former sometimes has a duty to violate moral rules with
regard to the latter independendy of rheir consent?
65
5.
Which goods or benefits (including kind, degree, probability,
duration, and distribution) are being promoted by the
violation?
66
Contents xxi
6.
Is the rule being violated toward a person in order to prevent
her from violating a moral rule when her violation would be
(a) unjustified or (b) weakly justified?
67
7.
Is the rule being violated toward a person because he has
violated a moral rule (a) unjustifiably or (b) with a weak
justification?
68
8.
Are there any alternative actions or policies that
would be morally preferable?
69
9.
Is the violation being done intentionally or only
knowingly?
70
10.
Is the situation an emergency such that people are
not likely to plan to be in that kind of situation?
72
Summary of morally relevant features
73
The second step: Estimating the consequences of everyone
knowing that a kind of violation is allowed and that it is not
allowed
74
Moral Virtues and Vices
76
Summary and Test
78
Part II
u
The Moral Theory
81
The Justification of Morality
81
Characteristics of Moral Agents
87
Knowledge or Beliefs Required of All Moral Agents
88
Irrationality and Rationality
91
Rationality as Maximizing Satisfaction of Desires
95
Objectively Irrational Actions
97
Personally Irrational Actions
99
Reasons versus Motives
103
xxii
Contents
All Reasons Have Justifying Force
106
Reasons and Desires
ш
Adequate Reasons
112
Rationality, Morality, and Self-interest
114
Impartiality
116
Two Philosophical Attempts to Achieve Moral Impartiality
119
Justifying Moral Impartiality
122
Why morality requires impartiality with respect
to the moral rules
122
The group with regard to which morality requires
impartiality
126
Why Act Morally?
131
Morality as an Informal Public System
137
The Role of Governments in Settling Unresolvable
Moral Disagreements
139
Rights
142
The Consequences of Morality Not Always Providing
a Unique
Correa
Answer
145
A Complete Moral Theory
148
Conclusion
149
Flow Charts
151
Rationality
151
Morality IJ2
Glossary for Common Morality
153
Notes
161
Index
173 |
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| discipline | Philosophie |
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| edition | 1. issued as paperback |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T22:00:10Z |
| indexdate | 2024-09-23T16:11:27Z |
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| spelling | Gert, Bernard 1934- Verfasser (DE-588)124746942 aut Common morality deciding what to do Bernard Gert 1. issued as paperback Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2007 XXII, 189 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Gezond verstand gtt Moraal gtt Rationaliteit gtt aEthics Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd rswk-swf Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016728424&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Gert, Bernard 1934- Common morality deciding what to do Gezond verstand gtt Moraal gtt Rationaliteit gtt aEthics Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4015602-3 |
| title | Common morality deciding what to do |
| title_auth | Common morality deciding what to do |
| title_exact_search | Common morality deciding what to do |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Common morality deciding what to do |
| title_full | Common morality deciding what to do Bernard Gert |
| title_fullStr | Common morality deciding what to do Bernard Gert |
| title_full_unstemmed | Common morality deciding what to do Bernard Gert |
| title_short | Common morality |
| title_sort | common morality deciding what to do |
| title_sub | deciding what to do |
| topic | Gezond verstand gtt Moraal gtt Rationaliteit gtt aEthics Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gezond verstand Moraal Rationaliteit aEthics Ethik |
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