Challenges and options in governing common property: customary institutions among (agro-)pastoralists in Ethiopia
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Aachen
Shaker
2008
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Institutional change in agriculture and natural resources
Vol. 32 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 238 S. graph. Darst. 21 cm, 378 gr. |
| ISBN: | 9783832263751 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Challenges and options in governing common property |b customary institutions among (agro-)pastoralists in Ethiopia |c Fekadu Beyene |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Institutional change in agriculture and natural resources |v Vol. 32 | |
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgements.vii
Table of Contents.ix
List of Figures.xiii
List of Tables.xv
List of Abbreviations.xvii
1 Introduction.1
1.1 Pastoralism in Sub-Saharan Africa.2
1.1.1 Multiple Challenges.3
1.1.2 Tenure Security and Land Use.5
1.1.3 Roles of Customary Institutions.6
1.2 The(Agro-) Pastoral Sub-Sector in Ethiopia.7
1.3 The Study Setting.9
1.3.1 Effects of Pastoral Development Policies and Interventions.9
1.3.2 Variability and Evolved Land Use.11
1.3.3 Conflict Risk and Cooperation.12
1.4 Objectives and Research Questions.14
1.5 Structure of the Book.15
2 Theoretical Concepts and Analytical Framework.19
2.1 Introduction.19
2.2 Basic Terms, Definitions and Concepts.20
2.2.1 Institutions.20
2.2.2 Informal Institutions.21
2.2.3 Rules.22
2.2.4 Basic Characteristics of Institutions.23
2.3 Property Rights.25
2.3.1 Fundamental Ideas.25
x Table of Contents
l.Z.l Specificity and Security of Rights.27
2.3.3 Exclusivity and Change.28
2.3.3.1 The 'Cost-Benefit' versus 'Governance-Exclusion' Argument.28
2.3.3.2 Distributional and Economic Efficiency Argument.32
2.3.3.3 Property Rights in Unpredictable Environment.33
2.3.4 The Common Property Debate.34
2.4 Distributional Conflict and Bargaining.38
2.5 Collective Action.41
2.5.1 Meaning and Purposes.41
2.5.2 Factors Shaping Collective Action.43
2.5.3 The Influence of Resource Attributes.49
2.6 Linking Collective Action and Property Rights.50
2.7 Analytical Framework.52
2.8 Summary.56
3 Background of the Case Study and Methodology.59
3.1 Background of the Region.59
3.1.1 Political and Social.59
3.1.2 Ecology and Economy.61
3.2 The Study Sites.62
3.2.1 Harshin District.62
3.2.2 Kebribeyah District.63
3.2.3 Mieso District.65
3.3 Sampling and Data Collection.66
3.4 Data Analysis and Empirical Methods.69
3.4.1 Combining Approaches: A Practical Step.71
3.4.2 Game Theory and Analytic Narratives.72
4 Collective Action and Common Property.75
4.1 Introduction.75
4.2 Drivers of Cooperative Behavior.76
4.3 Types of Collective Action.78
4.3.1 Water Harvesting.78
4.3.1.1 Ponds .79
Table of Contents xi
4.3.1.2 Cisterns.81
4.3.2 Water Wells.85
4.3.3 Collective Herding.88
4.4 Determinants of Collective Action.90
4.4.1 Leadership and Rule Enforcement.90
4.4.2 Estimating the Determinants.93
4.5 Estimating the Likely Effects of Collective Action.99
4.6 Conclusions.103
5 Property Rights Conflict and Customary Institutions.107
5.1 Introduction.107
5.2 Distinctions and Evidence on Conflict.110
5.3 Narratives and Game Theory as Analytical Tools.111
5.4 The Nature of the Conflict.112
5.4.1 Change in Land Use.112
5.4.2 Historical Political Factors.115
5.4.3 Identity, Cooperation and Resource Mobilization.117
5.4.3.1 Interclan Cooperation.117
5.4.3.2 Conflict Resource Mobilization.118
5.4.4 Breaching of Customary Institutions.119
5.4.5 Livestock Raids.120
5.4.6 Interrelationships of Causal Factors.122
5.5 Application of Game-Theoretic Model.123
5.5.1 Strategies and Payoffs.124
5.5.2 Mixed Strategy and Probabilistic Choices.128
5.5.3 Equilibria with Mixed Strategies.131
5.6 Conclusions.133
6 Customary Tenure and Reciprocal Access Arrangements.137
6.1 Introduction.137
6.2 Mechanisms and Constraints.138
6.3 Flexible Grazing Under Customary Tenure.141
6.3.1 Reciprocal Access in Mieso.143
6.3.2 Reciprocal Access in Kebribeyah and Harshin.146
xii Table of Contents
6.3.3 A Simple Game-Theoretic Analysis.152
6.4 Determinants of Reciprocal Grazing Arrangement.156
6.5 Complexity and Obstacles.160
6.5.1 Institutional Vacuum and Boundary Disputes.161
6.5.2 Sociopolitical Challenges.162
6.6 Conclusions.165
7 Incentives and Outcomes of Rangeland Enclosures.167
7.1 Introduction.167
7.2 Explanations For and Against Enclosure.169
7.3 Endogenous Motivating Forces.171
7.3.1 Land Enclosure in the Pastoral System.173
7.3.2 Land Enclosure in the Agropastoral System.175
7.3.3 Local Institutions and Enclosed Land.178
7.3.3.1 Diverse Rules and Practices.178
7.3.3.2 Land Allocation to Private Grazing.179
7.4 Exogenous Driving Forces.182
7.5 Consequences of Enclosure Practice.185
7.5.1 Socioeconomic.185
7.5.2 Effects on Property Rights.189
7.5.2.1 Relationships among Multiple Resource Users.189
7.5.2.2 Land Allocation.191
7.6 Concluding Remarks.197
8 Summary, Conclusions and Implications.199
8.1 Summary and Conclusions.199
8.1.1 Strengths of the Customary System and Some Lessons.200
8.1.2 Challenges to Governing Common Property Resources.202
8.2 Policy Implications.206
References.209
Appendix.239
List of Figures
Figure 2-1: Efficient Number of Commons.31
Figure 2-2: Framework for Analysis.54
Figure 3-1: Location of the Study Sites.65
Figure 4-1: Prevalence of Rule Enforcement Mechanisms.92
Figure 5-1: Procedure of Analysis.112
Figure 5-2: Location of the Conflict.114
Figure 5-3: Cumulative Frequency Distribution of Livestock Raid Incidences 121
Figure 5-4: Causal Chains in the Property Rights Conflict.123
Figure 5-5: A Game Tree Illustrating Sub-Games.127
Figure 5-6: Equilibria for Intermediate Rates of Attacks.132
Figure 6-1: Schematic Representation of Reciprocity Levels.142
Figure 6-2: The Process of Integrating Customary System into the Formal
Structure.150
Figure 6-3: Strategic Form of Cooperative Game.153
Figure 7-1: Livestock Feed Sources in Different Periods.173
Figure 7-2: Mean Private Grazing by Wealth Category.182
Figure 7-3: Access to Improved Seeds by Those Fencing and Other Households
.184
Figure 7-4: Comparison of Average Income by Livestock Production Strategy
.186
Figure 7-5: Transformation of Property Rights to the Grazing Commons.192
Figure 7-6: Total Annual Rainfall Received in Different Years.196
List of Tables
Table 2-1: Key Theoretical Questions and Propositions.57
Table 3-1: Privately Used Land Under Crops and Grazing (by % of Households)
.64
Table 3-2: Livestock Ownership and Land Holding by Peasant Associations
(Mean).66
Table 3-3: Major Distinctions among the Three Case Study Sites.66
Table 4-1: Comparison of Activities with Respect to Certain Particularities.90
Table 4-2: Facilitators of Different Collective Activities (Respondents in %). 91
Table 4-3: Descriptive Statistics for Determinants of Collective Action.95
Table 4-4: Determinants of Participation in Different Collective Activities.98
Table 4-5: The Likely Effect of Collective Action on Household Food Security
.102
Table 5-1: Specification of Payoffs and Strategies.124
Table 5-2: Game with Pure Strategies.128
Table 5-3: Non-Cooperative Game with Mixed Strategies.128
Table 6-1: Reciprocity Forms in each District and their Distinctive Features . 143
Table 6-2: Descriptive Statistics for Determinants of Reciprocal Grazing.157
Table 6-3: Estimated Model for Determinants of Reciprocal Grazing.159
Table 6-4: Comparing Reciprocity Levels with Respect to Some Attributes. 164
Table 7-1: Households without Enclosure and Basic Reasons Mentioned.179
Table 7-2: Average Land Holding Under Private Appropriation.180
Table 7-3: Comparison of Enclosed Land for Grazing (ha) by Districts.181
Table 7-4: Average Earning from Charcoal Making by a Household.187 |
| adam_txt |
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements.vii
Table of Contents.ix
List of Figures.xiii
List of Tables.xv
List of Abbreviations.xvii
1 Introduction.1
1.1 Pastoralism in Sub-Saharan Africa.2
1.1.1 Multiple Challenges.3
1.1.2 Tenure Security and Land Use.5
1.1.3 Roles of Customary Institutions.6
1.2 The(Agro-) Pastoral Sub-Sector in Ethiopia.7
1.3 The Study Setting.9
1.3.1 Effects of Pastoral Development Policies and Interventions.9
1.3.2 Variability and Evolved Land Use.11
1.3.3 Conflict Risk and Cooperation.12
1.4 Objectives and Research Questions.14
1.5 Structure of the Book.15
2 Theoretical Concepts and Analytical Framework.19
2.1 Introduction.19
2.2 Basic Terms, Definitions and Concepts.20
2.2.1 Institutions.20
2.2.2 Informal Institutions.21
2.2.3 Rules.22
2.2.4 Basic Characteristics of Institutions.23
2.3 Property Rights.25
2.3.1 Fundamental Ideas.25
x Table of Contents
l.Z.l Specificity and Security of Rights.27
2.3.3 Exclusivity and Change.28
2.3.3.1 The 'Cost-Benefit' versus 'Governance-Exclusion' Argument.28
2.3.3.2 Distributional and Economic Efficiency Argument.32
2.3.3.3 Property Rights in Unpredictable Environment.33
2.3.4 The Common Property Debate.34
2.4 Distributional Conflict and Bargaining.38
2.5 Collective Action.41
2.5.1 Meaning and Purposes.41
2.5.2 Factors Shaping Collective Action.43
2.5.3 The Influence of Resource Attributes.49
2.6 Linking Collective Action and Property Rights.50
2.7 Analytical Framework.52
2.8 Summary.56
3 Background of the Case Study and Methodology.59
3.1 Background of the Region.59
3.1.1 Political and Social.59
3.1.2 Ecology and Economy.61
3.2 The Study Sites.62
3.2.1 Harshin District.62
3.2.2 Kebribeyah District.63
3.2.3 Mieso District.65
3.3 Sampling and Data Collection.66
3.4 Data Analysis and Empirical Methods.69
3.4.1 Combining Approaches: A Practical Step.71
3.4.2 Game Theory and Analytic Narratives.72
4 Collective Action and Common Property.75
4.1 Introduction.75
4.2 Drivers of Cooperative Behavior.76
4.3 Types of Collective Action.78
4.3.1 Water Harvesting.78
4.3.1.1 Ponds .79
Table of Contents xi
4.3.1.2 Cisterns.81
4.3.2 Water Wells.85
4.3.3 Collective Herding.88
4.4 Determinants of Collective Action.90
4.4.1 Leadership and Rule Enforcement.90
4.4.2 Estimating the Determinants.93
4.5 Estimating the Likely Effects of Collective Action.99
4.6 Conclusions.103
5 Property Rights Conflict and Customary Institutions.107
5.1 Introduction.107
5.2 Distinctions and Evidence on Conflict.110
5.3 Narratives and Game Theory as Analytical Tools.111
5.4 The Nature of the Conflict.112
5.4.1 Change in Land Use.112
5.4.2 Historical Political Factors.115
5.4.3 Identity, Cooperation and Resource Mobilization.117
5.4.3.1 Interclan Cooperation.117
5.4.3.2 Conflict Resource Mobilization.118
5.4.4 Breaching of Customary Institutions.119
5.4.5 Livestock Raids.120
5.4.6 Interrelationships of Causal Factors.122
5.5 Application of Game-Theoretic Model.123
5.5.1 Strategies and Payoffs.124
5.5.2 Mixed Strategy and Probabilistic Choices.128
5.5.3 Equilibria with Mixed Strategies.131
5.6 Conclusions.133
6 Customary Tenure and Reciprocal Access Arrangements.137
6.1 Introduction.137
6.2 Mechanisms and Constraints.138
6.3 Flexible Grazing Under Customary Tenure.141
6.3.1 Reciprocal Access in Mieso.143
6.3.2 Reciprocal Access in Kebribeyah and Harshin.146
xii Table of Contents
6.3.3 A Simple Game-Theoretic Analysis.152
6.4 Determinants of Reciprocal Grazing Arrangement.156
6.5 Complexity and Obstacles.160
6.5.1 Institutional Vacuum and Boundary Disputes.161
6.5.2 Sociopolitical Challenges.162
6.6 Conclusions.165
7 Incentives and Outcomes of Rangeland Enclosures.167
7.1 Introduction.167
7.2 Explanations For and Against Enclosure.169
7.3 Endogenous Motivating Forces.171
7.3.1 Land Enclosure in the Pastoral System.173
7.3.2 Land Enclosure in the Agropastoral System.175
7.3.3 Local Institutions and Enclosed Land.178
7.3.3.1 Diverse Rules and Practices.178
7.3.3.2 Land Allocation to Private Grazing.179
7.4 Exogenous Driving Forces.182
7.5 Consequences of Enclosure Practice.185
7.5.1 Socioeconomic.185
7.5.2 Effects on Property Rights.189
7.5.2.1 Relationships among Multiple Resource Users.189
7.5.2.2 Land Allocation.191
7.6 Concluding Remarks.197
8 Summary, Conclusions and Implications.199
8.1 Summary and Conclusions.199
8.1.1 Strengths of the Customary System and Some Lessons.200
8.1.2 Challenges to Governing Common Property Resources.202
8.2 Policy Implications.206
References.209
Appendix.239
List of Figures
Figure 2-1: Efficient Number of Commons.31
Figure 2-2: Framework for Analysis.54
Figure 3-1: Location of the Study Sites.65
Figure 4-1: Prevalence of Rule Enforcement Mechanisms.92
Figure 5-1: Procedure of Analysis.112
Figure 5-2: Location of the Conflict.114
Figure 5-3: Cumulative Frequency Distribution of Livestock Raid Incidences 121
Figure 5-4: Causal Chains in the Property Rights Conflict.123
Figure 5-5: A Game Tree Illustrating Sub-Games.127
Figure 5-6: Equilibria for Intermediate Rates of Attacks.132
Figure 6-1: Schematic Representation of Reciprocity Levels.142
Figure 6-2: The Process of Integrating Customary System into the Formal
Structure.150
Figure 6-3: Strategic Form of Cooperative Game.153
Figure 7-1: Livestock Feed Sources in Different Periods.173
Figure 7-2: Mean Private Grazing by Wealth Category.182
Figure 7-3: Access to Improved Seeds by Those Fencing and Other Households
.184
Figure 7-4: Comparison of Average Income by Livestock Production Strategy
.186
Figure 7-5: Transformation of Property Rights to the Grazing Commons.192
Figure 7-6: Total Annual Rainfall Received in Different Years.196
List of Tables
Table 2-1: Key Theoretical Questions and Propositions.57
Table 3-1: Privately Used Land Under Crops and Grazing (by % of Households)
.64
Table 3-2: Livestock Ownership and Land Holding by Peasant Associations
(Mean).66
Table 3-3: Major Distinctions among the Three Case Study Sites.66
Table 4-1: Comparison of Activities with Respect to Certain Particularities.90
Table 4-2: Facilitators of Different Collective Activities (Respondents in %). 91
Table 4-3: Descriptive Statistics for Determinants of Collective Action.95
Table 4-4: Determinants of Participation in Different Collective Activities.98
Table 4-5: The Likely Effect of Collective Action on Household Food Security
.102
Table 5-1: Specification of Payoffs and Strategies.124
Table 5-2: Game with Pure Strategies.128
Table 5-3: Non-Cooperative Game with Mixed Strategies.128
Table 6-1: Reciprocity Forms in each District and their Distinctive Features . 143
Table 6-2: Descriptive Statistics for Determinants of Reciprocal Grazing.157
Table 6-3: Estimated Model for Determinants of Reciprocal Grazing.159
Table 6-4: Comparing Reciprocity Levels with Respect to Some Attributes. 164
Table 7-1: Households without Enclosure and Basic Reasons Mentioned.179
Table 7-2: Average Land Holding Under Private Appropriation.180
Table 7-3: Comparison of Enclosed Land for Grazing (ha) by Districts.181
Table 7-4: Average Earning from Charcoal Making by a Household.187 |
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| author | Fekadu Beyene 1958- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)133499383 |
| author_facet | Fekadu Beyene 1958- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Fekadu Beyene 1958- |
| author_variant | f b fb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035056404 |
| classification_rvk | QS 000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)244042725 (DE-599)DNB988917467 |
| dewey-full | 333.74170963 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 333 - Economics of land and energy |
| dewey-raw | 333.74170963 |
| dewey-search | 333.74170963 |
| dewey-sort | 3333.74170963 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Äthiopien (DE-588)4000639-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Äthiopien |
| id | DE-604.BV035056404 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T21:58:42Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T00:41:44Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783832263751 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016724990 |
| oclc_num | 244042725 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-11 |
| physical | XII, 238 S. graph. Darst. 21 cm, 378 gr. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Shaker |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Institutional change in agriculture and natural resources |
| series2 | Institutional change in agriculture and natural resources |
| spelling | Fekadu Beyene 1958- Verfasser (DE-588)133499383 aut Challenges and options in governing common property customary institutions among (agro-)pastoralists in Ethiopia Fekadu Beyene Aachen Shaker 2008 XII, 238 S. graph. Darst. 21 cm, 378 gr. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Institutional change in agriculture and natural resources Vol. 32 Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2008 Nutzungsrecht (DE-588)4129060-4 gnd rswk-swf Weide Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4128980-8 gnd rswk-swf Gemeineigentum (DE-588)4156531-9 gnd rswk-swf Konfliktregelung (DE-588)4164958-8 gnd rswk-swf Äthiopien (DE-588)4000639-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Äthiopien (DE-588)4000639-6 g Weide Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4128980-8 s Gemeineigentum (DE-588)4156531-9 s Nutzungsrecht (DE-588)4129060-4 s Konfliktregelung (DE-588)4164958-8 s DE-604 Institutional change in agriculture and natural resources Vol. 32 (DE-604)BV013745983 32 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016724990&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fekadu Beyene 1958- Challenges and options in governing common property customary institutions among (agro-)pastoralists in Ethiopia Institutional change in agriculture and natural resources Nutzungsrecht (DE-588)4129060-4 gnd Weide Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4128980-8 gnd Gemeineigentum (DE-588)4156531-9 gnd Konfliktregelung (DE-588)4164958-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4129060-4 (DE-588)4128980-8 (DE-588)4156531-9 (DE-588)4164958-8 (DE-588)4000639-6 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Challenges and options in governing common property customary institutions among (agro-)pastoralists in Ethiopia |
| title_auth | Challenges and options in governing common property customary institutions among (agro-)pastoralists in Ethiopia |
| title_exact_search | Challenges and options in governing common property customary institutions among (agro-)pastoralists in Ethiopia |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Challenges and options in governing common property customary institutions among (agro-)pastoralists in Ethiopia |
| title_full | Challenges and options in governing common property customary institutions among (agro-)pastoralists in Ethiopia Fekadu Beyene |
| title_fullStr | Challenges and options in governing common property customary institutions among (agro-)pastoralists in Ethiopia Fekadu Beyene |
| title_full_unstemmed | Challenges and options in governing common property customary institutions among (agro-)pastoralists in Ethiopia Fekadu Beyene |
| title_short | Challenges and options in governing common property |
| title_sort | challenges and options in governing common property customary institutions among agro pastoralists in ethiopia |
| title_sub | customary institutions among (agro-)pastoralists in Ethiopia |
| topic | Nutzungsrecht (DE-588)4129060-4 gnd Weide Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4128980-8 gnd Gemeineigentum (DE-588)4156531-9 gnd Konfliktregelung (DE-588)4164958-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nutzungsrecht Weide Landwirtschaft Gemeineigentum Konfliktregelung Äthiopien Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016724990&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV013745983 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fekadubeyene challengesandoptionsingoverningcommonpropertycustomaryinstitutionsamongagropastoralistsinethiopia |