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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	London, David (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Québec Mineralogical Association of Canada 2008
Schriftenreihe:	The Canadian mineralogist special publication ; 10
Schlagworte:	Pegmatites Gesteinsbildung Pegmatit Geochemie Gesteinskunde Mineralogie Paragenese Vorkommen Mineral Mineralbildung
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XX, 347 S. zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm)
ISBN:	9780921294474

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Table of contents Preamble .........................................................xiii Preface ...........................................................xv Prologue .........................................................xvii Credits ..................................................xviii Part I Geology ........................................... ι Chapter I This is a Pegmatite, Isn t it? ........................3 Introduction ................................................3 Original meaning of pegmatite ...............................4 Pegmatite redefined .........................................4 Composition ...............................................5 Texture ....................................................7 Chapter 2 Historical Views on the Formation of Pegmatites .......................................9 Introduction ................................................9 Early empirical models .......................................9 World War II: models focused on economic aspects ............. II The Jahns empirical model ...................................12 The experimental model of Jahns and Burnham .................13 Pegmatite research at the close of the 20th century .............13 Chapter 3 Anatomy and Classification .......................17 Introduction ...............................................17 Pegmatite groups ...........................................17 Pegmatite classes and types ..................................19 The abyssal class ......................................19 The muscovite class ...................................19 The muscovite - rare-element class ......................20 The rare-element class .................................20 The miarolitic class ....................................20 PEGMATITES The classification of pegmatite: should it be simple or complex? ..............................21 Simple? ..............................................21 Complex? ............................................22 A descriptive or genetic classification? .........................23 Pegmatite families ..........................................23 The LCT family .......................................24 The NYF family .......................................24 Pegmatite bodies ...........................................25 Internal anatomy of pegmatite bodies .........................26 The border zone ......................................26 The wall zone ........................................27 The intermediate zones ................................27 The core .............................................27 Fracture fillings ........................................28 Replacement bodies ...................................28 A generalized zoning sequence ...............................30 Concentric versus layered pegmatites ..........................32 Ontogeny recapitulates phytogeny ............................33 Chapter 4 Mineralogy .........................................35 Introduction ...............................................35 Quartz ...................................................35 Overview and occurrence ..............................35 Uses ................................................36 Key points ............................................37 Details about composition ..............................39 Color ................................................40 Structure and habit ....................................40 Petrological applications ................................41 Feldspars ..................................................42 Overview and occurrence ..............................42 Uses ................................................43 Key points ............................................46 Plagioclase ................................................46 Details of composition .................................46 Color ................................................46 Structure and twinning .................................47 K-feldspar .................................................47 Details of composition .................................47 Color ................................................48 Structure and twinning .................................49 Petrological applications ................................49 Micas .....................................................50 Overview and occurrence ..............................50 Uses ................................................52 Key points ............................................53 Details of composition .................................53 Color ................................................54 Structure and habit ....................................54 TABLE OF CONTENTS Petrological applications ................................54 Lithium aluminosilicates .....................................55 Overview and occurrence ..............................55 Uses ................................................55 Key points ............................................55 Details of composition .................................57 Color................................................ 58 Structure and habit ....................................58 Petrological applications ................................58 Phosphates ................................................59 Overview and occurrence ..............................59 Uses ................................................62 Key points ............................................62 Details of composition .................................62 Structure and habit ....................................63 Petrological applications ................................63 Tourmaline and other borates and borosilicates .................64 Overview and occurrence ..............................64 Uses ................................................66 Key points ............................................66 Details of composition .................................67 Color................................................ 68 Structure and habit ....................................69 Petrological applications ................................69 Topaz and other minerals of fluorine ..........................70 Overview and occurrence ..............................70 Uses ................................................70 Key points ............................................70 Details of composition .................................70 Color ................................................71 Structure and habit ....................................71 Petrological applications ................................71 Niobium - tantalum - tin - titanium - uranium oxides ...........71 Overview and occurrence ..............................71 Uses ................................................72 Key points ............................................72 Details of composition .................................72 Color ................................................72 Structure and habit ....................................74 Petrological applications ................................75 Garnet ...................................................75 Overview and occurrence ..............................75 Uses ................................................76 Key points ............................................76 Details of composition .................................76 Color ................................................76 Structure and habit ....................................78 Petrological applications ................................78 Beryl and other beryllium minerals ............................78 Overview and occurrence ..............................78 Uses ................................................81 PECMATITES Key points ............................................81 Details of composition .................................81 Color ................................................81 Structure and habit ....................................81 Petrological applications ................................82 Pollucite ..................................................82 Overview ............................................82 Occurrence ..........................................82 Uses ................................................82 Key points ............................................83 Details of composition .................................83 Petrological significance ................................83 Pyroxenes and amphiboles ..................................84 Zircon and other zirconosilicates .............................84 Zeolites, carbonates, sulfides, and clays .........................85 Concluding remarks on mineralogy ...........................86 Chapter 5 The Transition from Granite to Pegmatite ........87 Introduction ...............................................87 Pegmatites in shallowly emplaced granites ......................88 Overview ............................................88 Wichita Igneous Province, Oklahoma .....................88 Mount Antero, Colorado ...............................89 Baveno and Cuasso al Monte, Italy .......................90 Sawtooth Batholith, Idaho ..............................90 Pegmatites in deeply emplaced granites ........................91 Overview ............................................91 Black Hills, South Dakota ...............................92 Spruce Pine, North Carolina ............................94 Other deep granite-pegmatite systems ...................97 Summary observations ......................................98 Chapter 6 Common Granitic Pegmatites ....................99 Introduction ...............................................99 Composition .............................................101 Structural relations to host rocks ............................101 Compositional relations to host rocks ........................ 1 02 Are common pegmatites authigenic or allogenic? ............... 1 04 Chapter 7 Rare-Element Pegmatites ........................ 1 07 Introduction .............................................. 1 07 TheTanco mine, Manitoba .................................. 1 08 Geology ............................................ 1 08 Petrogenesis .........................................114 The Harding mine, New Mexico .............................119 Geology ............................................119 Petrogenesis ......................................... 1 25 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 8 Miarolitic Pegmatites ............................. 1 27 Introduction .............................................. 1 27 San Diego County, California ................................ 1 28 Kern County dump section ................................. 1 30 Little Three mine section ...................................131 Palomar Mountain section ..................................131 General characteristics of the miarolitic pegmatites ............. I 34 Zonation ............................................ I 34 Fabric .............................................. I 34 Comparison to other rare-element pegmatites ................ I 34 Miarolitic cavities .......................................... I 36 Transitions at the pocket margin ........................ I 36 Cavity contents ...................................... I 38 The 1 99 1 London pocket, Little Three mine, Ramona ...... I 39 Chapter 9 Non-Granitic Pegmatites ......................... 1 43 Ultramafic magmas: komatiites .............................. 1 43 Mafic magmas: gabbroic pegmatites .......................... 143 The ophitic texture ........................................ 146 Alkaline magmas: syenitic and carbonatitic pegmatites ........... 146 Pegmatitic carbonatites ................................ 1 48 Pegmatitic syenites .................................... 1 49 Part II Origins ..........................................15 1 Chapter 10 Pegmatite Sources and their Chemical Signatures ...................153 Introduction ..............................................153 Elemental partitioning and chemical compatibility ..............154 The rare alkalis ....................................... 1 55 The rare alkaline earths ............................... 1 55 The high-field-strength elements ........................ 1 56 Niobium and tantalum ................................ 1 56 Zirconinum and hafnium .............................. 1 57 The rare-earth elements .............................. 1 57 The fluxing components ............................... 1 58 Sources of plutons and their pegmatites ......................158 Marine shales, schists, and S-type magmas ................ 1 58 S-type magmas and the LCT signature ................... I 60 l-type granites and their chemical signature ............... 1 62 l-type magmas in the LCT family of pegmatites ........... 1 63 A-type granites ...................................... 1 64 Direct melts from the mantle .......................... 1 65 A-type versus alkaline granites and the NYF signature ...... 1 65 PEGMATITES Chapter I I Fractionation Trends in Magmas ................. 1 67 Introduction .............................................. 67 Ratios of alkalis and alkaline earths ........................... 1 68 The ratios Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba ............................ 1 68 The ratios Li/Cs and Rb/Cs ............................ 1 69 The ratios K/Rb and K/Cs in microcline .................. 1 69 Evolution of the ratio Na/K ............................ 1 70 Ratios of the high-field-strength elements .....................171 The ratio Μη /Fe in garnet .............................171 The ratios Zr/Hf and Nb /Та ............................1 73 The light REE (LREE) versus the heavy REE (HREE) ........ 1 73 The significance of indices of element fractionation .............174 Fractionation from granite to pegmatite ................. 1 74 Chapter 1 2 The Crystallization of Rare-Element Minerals. . . 1 77 Introduction .............................................. 1 77 Beryl and the cycle of beryllium ............................. 1 78 Beryl saturation in granitic melts ........................ 1 78 Tourmaline and the cycle of boron ...........................181 Common tourmaline .................................181 Lithium-dominant tourmaline .......................... 1 84 The boron contents of pegmatite-forming melts .......... 1 86 Phosphates and the cycle of phosphorus ..................... 1 87 Spodumene, petalite, and the abundance of lithium ............. 1 88 Topaz, fluorite, and other monitors of fluorine in pegmatites ..... 1 89 The high-field-strength elements ............................. 1 90 Pollucite and cesium: extreme fractionation of natural silicate melts .....................................191 Chapter 1 3 The Jahns-Burnham Model ......................193 Historical perspective ...................................... 1 94 The Jahns-Burnham model ................................. 1 95 Getting down to basics: vapor saturation in pegmatites ..........200 Empirical evidence for an aqueous vapor phase in pegmatites. . .. 200 Miarolitic cavities .....................................200 Fluid inclusions .......................................20 1 Hydrous minerals and stable isotopes of H and О ........202 Pegmatite - wallrock interactions .......................202 Chemical coherency of volatile and non-volatile components ..........................203 Vapor-saturated or not? ....................................205 Fractional distillation .......................................205 Challenges for a genetic model ..............................207 Annotations to the challenges for a genetic model of Jahns (1982)...........................................208 Jahns and Burnham reconsidered ............................210 Depth, pressure, first boiling, and the role of vapor ........210 Spatial relations of pluton and pegmatites ................210 Vapor saturation and magma composition ...............210 TABLE OF CONTENTS Grain-size variations ..................................211 Feldspar zonation ....................................211 Sequential versus simultaneous crystallization .............211 Chapter 1 4 The Application of Experimental Petrology .....213 Historical perspective ......................................213 Experimental methods, products, and goals ...............214 Phase-equilibrium studies ..............................215 Element partitioning ..................................215 Fractionation of stable isotopes .........................216 Applications of elemental and isotopie fractionation to pegmatites ............................217 Heterogeneous equilibria ..............................217 Kinetic studies of crystal nucleation and growth ................217 Simulation experiments with fluxed melts .....................223 Experimental capture of flux-rich boundary-layer melts .........225 Relevance to pegmatites ..............................227 Ionic diffusion through melt .................................229 Chemical diffusion of alkalis and alkaline earths ...........230 Concentration gradients in the fluxes ...................232 Relevance of diffusion profiles to pegmatites .............233 Nucleation response in supercooled melt .....................234 Scaling experiments in time and volume ......................236 Chapter 1 5 Pressure-Temperature Conditions of Pegmatites .....................................237 Introduction ..............................................237 Pressure calculations based on mineral equilibria and evidence from fluid inclusions ...........................238 Temperature calculations based on mineral or isotopie equilibria and fluid inclusions .........................239 Calculations of cooling based on heat-flow models .............244 Case I : thin tabular dike ...............................244 Does crystallization keep up with cooling? ...............244 Case 2: intrusion within the thermal aureole of a large pluton .....................................246 Case 3: pegmatites within the margins of their source plutons ................................248 Summary of pressures and temperatures .....................250 Chapter 1 6 Rheological Properties of Pegmatite-Forming Melts .....................253 Introduction ..............................................254 The viscosity of granitic liquids ..............................254 How do pegmatite dikes escape their source pluton? ......256 Rheology of basic and peralkaline melts .......................257 Why are most pegmatites granitic in composition? .............258 The special case of flux-rich melts ...........................259 PEGMATITES Chapter 1 7 Internal Evolution of Pegmatites 26 1 Challenges for a genetic model revisited ......................262 A pegmatite model based on constitutional zone-refining .......262 The roles of fluxes ...................................262 Constitutional zone-refining ............................264 Growth of the fluxed boundary-layer of melt ..................265 The diffusion of fluorine ...............................265 The diffusion of boron ................................267 The diffusion of phosphorus ...........................267 The persistence of the boundary layer ..................267 Melt inclusions as aliquots of boundary-layer melt ..............269 Boundary-layer saturation ..................................270 Undercooling and the unidirectional solidification texture .......270 Directions of crystal elongation .........................270 A pegmatite solidification front .........................27 1 Support for elongate crystals ..........................274 The growth of giant crystals ................................274 The necessity of a layer of fluxed liquid .......................277 Sequential crystallization in melts of eutectic composition .......278 Applications to pegmatites ..................................279 Internal zonation in real pegmatites versus experiments .... 279 Crystallization sequence in pegmatites ...................28 1 Border zones ........................................28 1 Intermediate zones ...................................282 The origin of variations in the zonal sequence ............284 Pegmatite cores ......................................285 Quartz core .........................................286 Albite-lepidolite units .................................288 Layered aplites .......................................288 Replacement ........................................29 1 Crystal settling .......................................29 I Sol-gel .............................................29 1 Boron quench .......................................292 Compositional versus pressure quench ..................292 Liquidus undercooling .................................292 Rare-element ores ....................................294 Tantalum mineralization ...............................294 Beryllium mineralization ...............................295 Miarolitic cavities .....................................296 Why are crystals in miarolitic cavities gem-clear? ..........30 1 The last fluid phase ...................................30 1 Metasomatic alteration ................................302 Chapter 1 8 Epilogue: Pegmatite Science .....................303 The known knowns ........................................304 The known unknowns .....................................306 The unknown unknowns ...................................307 References ............................................. 309
adam_txt	Table of contents Preamble .xiii Preface .xv Prologue .xvii Credits .xviii Part I Geology . ι Chapter I This is a Pegmatite, Isn't it? .3 Introduction .3 Original meaning of "pegmatite" .4 Pegmatite redefined .4 Composition .5 Texture .7 Chapter 2 Historical Views on the Formation of Pegmatites .9 Introduction .9 Early empirical models .9 World War II: models focused on economic aspects . II The Jahns empirical model .12 The experimental model of Jahns and Burnham .13 Pegmatite research at the close of the 20th century .13 Chapter 3 Anatomy and Classification .17 Introduction .17 Pegmatite groups .17 Pegmatite classes and types .19 The abyssal class .19 The muscovite class .19 The muscovite - rare-element class .20 The rare-element class .20 The miarolitic class .20 PEGMATITES The classification of pegmatite: should it be simple or complex? .21 Simple? .21 Complex? .22 A descriptive or genetic classification? .23 Pegmatite families .23 The LCT family .24 The NYF family .24 Pegmatite bodies .25 Internal anatomy of pegmatite bodies .26 The border zone .26 The wall zone .27 The intermediate zones .27 The core .27 Fracture fillings .28 Replacement bodies .28 A generalized zoning sequence .30 Concentric versus layered pegmatites .32 Ontogeny recapitulates phytogeny .33 Chapter 4 Mineralogy .35 Introduction .35 Quartz .35 Overview and occurrence .35 Uses .36 Key points .37 Details about composition .39 Color .40 Structure and habit .40 Petrological applications .41 Feldspars .42 Overview and occurrence .42 Uses .43 Key points .46 Plagioclase .46 Details of composition .46 Color .46 Structure and twinning .47 K-feldspar .47 Details of composition .47 Color .48 Structure and twinning .49 Petrological applications .49 Micas .50 Overview and occurrence .50 Uses .52 Key points .53 Details of composition .53 Color .54 Structure and habit .54 TABLE OF CONTENTS Petrological applications .54 Lithium aluminosilicates .55 Overview and occurrence .55 Uses .55 Key points .55 Details of composition .57 Color. 58 Structure and habit .58 Petrological applications .58 Phosphates .59 Overview and occurrence .59 Uses .62 Key points .62 Details of composition .62 Structure and habit .63 Petrological applications .63 Tourmaline and other borates and borosilicates .64 Overview and occurrence .64 Uses .66 Key points .66 Details of composition .67 Color. 68 Structure and habit .69 Petrological applications .69 Topaz and other minerals of fluorine .70 Overview and occurrence .70 Uses .70 Key points .70 Details of composition .70 Color .71 Structure and habit .71 Petrological applications .71 Niobium - tantalum - tin - titanium - uranium oxides .71 Overview and occurrence .71 Uses .72 Key points .72 Details of composition .72 Color .72 Structure and habit .74 Petrological applications .75 Garnet .75 Overview and occurrence .75 Uses .76 Key points .76 Details of composition .76 Color .76 Structure and habit .78 Petrological applications .78 Beryl and other beryllium minerals .78 Overview and occurrence .78 Uses .81 PECMATITES Key points .81 Details of composition .81 Color .81 Structure and habit .81 Petrological applications .82 Pollucite .82 Overview .82 Occurrence .82 Uses .82 Key points .83 Details of composition .83 Petrological significance .83 Pyroxenes and amphiboles .84 Zircon and other zirconosilicates .84 Zeolites, carbonates, sulfides, and clays .85 Concluding remarks on mineralogy .86 Chapter 5 The Transition from Granite to Pegmatite .87 Introduction .87 Pegmatites in shallowly emplaced granites .88 Overview .88 Wichita Igneous Province, Oklahoma .88 Mount Antero, Colorado .89 Baveno and Cuasso al Monte, Italy .90 Sawtooth Batholith, Idaho .90 Pegmatites in deeply emplaced granites .91 Overview .91 Black Hills, South Dakota .92 Spruce Pine, North Carolina .94 Other deep granite-pegmatite systems .97 Summary observations .98 Chapter 6 Common Granitic Pegmatites .99 Introduction .99 Composition .101 Structural relations to host rocks .101 Compositional relations to host rocks . 1 02 Are common pegmatites authigenic or allogenic? . 1 04 Chapter 7 Rare-Element Pegmatites . 1 07 Introduction . 1 07 TheTanco mine, Manitoba . 1 08 Geology . 1 08 Petrogenesis .114 The Harding mine, New Mexico .119 Geology .119 Petrogenesis . 1 25 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 8 Miarolitic Pegmatites . 1 27 Introduction . 1 27 San Diego County, California . 1 28 Kern County dump section . 1 30 Little Three mine section .131 Palomar Mountain section .131 General characteristics of the miarolitic pegmatites . I 34 Zonation . I 34 Fabric . I 34 Comparison to other rare-element pegmatites . I 34 Miarolitic cavities . I 36 Transitions at the pocket margin . I 36 Cavity contents . I 38 The 1 99 1 London pocket, Little Three mine, Ramona . I 39 Chapter 9 Non-Granitic Pegmatites . 1 43 Ultramafic magmas: komatiites . 1 43 Mafic magmas: gabbroic pegmatites . 143 The ophitic texture . 146 Alkaline magmas: syenitic and carbonatitic pegmatites . 146 Pegmatitic carbonatites . 1 48 Pegmatitic syenites . 1 49 Part II Origins .15 1 Chapter 10 Pegmatite Sources and their Chemical Signatures .153 Introduction .153 Elemental partitioning and chemical compatibility .154 The rare alkalis . 1 55 The rare alkaline earths . 1 55 The high-field-strength elements . 1 56 Niobium and tantalum . 1 56 Zirconinum and hafnium . 1 57 The rare-earth elements . 1 57 The fluxing components . 1 58 Sources of plutons and their pegmatites .158 Marine shales, schists, and S-type magmas . 1 58 S-type magmas and the LCT signature . I 60 l-type granites and their chemical signature . 1 62 l-type magmas in the LCT family of pegmatites . 1 63 A-type granites . 1 64 Direct melts from the mantle . 1 65 A-type versus alkaline granites and the NYF signature . 1 65 PEGMATITES Chapter I I Fractionation Trends in Magmas . 1 67 Introduction .'67 Ratios of alkalis and alkaline earths . 1 68 The ratios Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba . 1 68 The ratios Li/Cs and Rb/Cs . 1 69 The ratios K/Rb and K/Cs in microcline . 1 69 Evolution of the ratio Na/K . 1 70 Ratios of the high-field-strength elements .171 The ratio Μη /Fe in garnet .171 The ratios Zr/Hf and Nb /Та .1 73 The light REE (LREE) versus the heavy REE (HREE) . 1 73 The significance of indices of element fractionation .174 Fractionation from granite to pegmatite . 1 74 Chapter 1 2 The Crystallization of Rare-Element Minerals. . . 1 77 Introduction . 1 77 Beryl and the cycle of beryllium . 1 78 Beryl saturation in granitic melts . 1 78 Tourmaline and the cycle of boron .181 Common tourmaline .181 Lithium-dominant tourmaline . 1 84 The boron contents of pegmatite-forming melts . 1 86 Phosphates and the cycle of phosphorus . 1 87 Spodumene, petalite, and the abundance of lithium . 1 88 Topaz, fluorite, and other monitors of fluorine in pegmatites . 1 89 The high-field-strength elements . 1 90 Pollucite and cesium: extreme fractionation of natural silicate melts .191 Chapter 1 3 The Jahns-Burnham Model .193 Historical perspective . 1 94 The Jahns-Burnham model . 1 95 Getting down to basics: vapor saturation in pegmatites .200 Empirical evidence for an aqueous vapor phase in pegmatites. . . 200 Miarolitic cavities .200 Fluid inclusions .20 1 Hydrous minerals and stable isotopes of H and О .202 Pegmatite - wallrock interactions .202 Chemical coherency of volatile and non-volatile components .203 Vapor-saturated or not? .205 Fractional distillation .205 Challenges for a genetic model .207 Annotations to the challenges for a genetic model of Jahns (1982).208 Jahns and Burnham reconsidered .210 Depth, pressure, first boiling, and the role of vapor .210 Spatial relations of pluton and pegmatites .210 Vapor saturation and magma composition .210 TABLE OF CONTENTS Grain-size variations .211 Feldspar zonation .211 Sequential versus simultaneous crystallization .211 Chapter 1 4 The Application of Experimental Petrology .213 Historical perspective .213 Experimental methods, products, and goals .214 Phase-equilibrium studies .215 Element partitioning .215 Fractionation of stable isotopes .216 Applications of elemental and isotopie fractionation to pegmatites .217 Heterogeneous equilibria .217 Kinetic studies of crystal nucleation and growth .217 Simulation experiments with fluxed melts .223 Experimental capture of flux-rich boundary-layer melts .225 Relevance to pegmatites .227 Ionic diffusion through melt .229 Chemical diffusion of alkalis and alkaline earths .230 Concentration gradients in the fluxes .232 Relevance of diffusion profiles to pegmatites .233 Nucleation response in supercooled melt .234 Scaling experiments in time and volume .236 Chapter 1 5 Pressure-Temperature Conditions of Pegmatites .237 Introduction .237 Pressure calculations based on mineral equilibria and evidence from fluid inclusions .238 Temperature calculations based on mineral or isotopie equilibria and fluid inclusions .239 Calculations of cooling based on heat-flow models .244 Case I : thin tabular dike .244 Does crystallization keep up with cooling? .244 Case 2: intrusion within the thermal aureole of a large pluton .246 Case 3: pegmatites within the margins of their source plutons .248 Summary of pressures and temperatures .250 Chapter 1 6 Rheological Properties of Pegmatite-Forming Melts .253 Introduction .254 The viscosity of granitic liquids .254 How do pegmatite dikes escape their source pluton? .256 Rheology of basic and peralkaline melts .257 Why are most pegmatites granitic in composition? .258 The special case of flux-rich melts .259 PEGMATITES Chapter 1 7 Internal Evolution of Pegmatites 26 1 Challenges for a genetic model revisited .262 A pegmatite model based on constitutional zone-refining .262 The roles of fluxes .262 Constitutional zone-refining .264 Growth of the fluxed boundary-layer of melt .265 The diffusion of fluorine .265 The diffusion of boron .267 The diffusion of phosphorus .267 The persistence of the boundary layer .267 Melt inclusions as aliquots of boundary-layer melt .269 Boundary-layer saturation .270 Undercooling and the unidirectional solidification texture .270 Directions of crystal elongation .270 A pegmatite solidification front .27 1 Support for elongate crystals .274 The growth of giant crystals .274 The necessity of a layer of fluxed liquid .277 Sequential crystallization in melts of eutectic composition .278 Applications to pegmatites .279 Internal zonation in real pegmatites versus experiments . 279 Crystallization sequence in pegmatites .28 1 Border zones .28 1 Intermediate zones .282 The origin of variations in the zonal sequence .284 Pegmatite cores .285 Quartz core .286 Albite-lepidolite units .288 Layered aplites .288 Replacement .29 1 Crystal settling .29 I Sol-gel .29 1 Boron quench .292 Compositional versus pressure quench .292 Liquidus undercooling .292 Rare-element ores .294 Tantalum mineralization .294 Beryllium mineralization .295 Miarolitic cavities .296 Why are crystals in miarolitic cavities gem-clear? .30 1 The last fluid phase .30 1 Metasomatic alteration .302 Chapter 1 8 Epilogue: Pegmatite Science .303 The known knowns .304 The known unknowns .306 The unknown unknowns .307 References . 309
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dewey-sort	3552.3
dewey-tens	550 - Earth sciences
discipline	Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Physik
discipline_str_mv	Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Physik
format	Book
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id	DE-604.BV035045928
illustrated	Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-02T21:54:49Z
indexdate	2024-07-09T21:20:57Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9780921294474
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016714683
oclc_num	230728899
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-703 DE-20 DE-83 DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-91 DE-BY-TUM
owner_facet	DE-703 DE-20 DE-83 DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-91 DE-BY-TUM
physical	XX, 347 S. zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm)
publishDate	2008
publishDateSearch	2008
publishDateSort	2008
publisher	Mineralogical Association of Canada
record_format	marc
series	The Canadian mineralogist
series2	The Canadian mineralogist : special publication
spelling	London, David Verfasser aut Pegmatites David London Québec Mineralogical Association of Canada 2008 XX, 347 S. zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Canadian mineralogist : special publication 10 Pegmatites Gesteinsbildung (DE-588)4157153-8 gnd rswk-swf Pegmatit (DE-588)4173606-0 gnd rswk-swf Geochemie (DE-588)4020198-3 gnd rswk-swf Gesteinskunde (DE-588)4020740-7 gnd rswk-swf Mineralogie (DE-588)4039457-8 gnd rswk-swf Paragenese (DE-588)4173268-6 gnd rswk-swf Vorkommen (DE-588)4188678-1 gnd rswk-swf Mineral (DE-588)4074836-4 gnd rswk-swf Mineralbildung (DE-588)4170019-3 gnd rswk-swf Pegmatit (DE-588)4173606-0 s Mineralogie (DE-588)4039457-8 s Mineralbildung (DE-588)4170019-3 s Gesteinsbildung (DE-588)4157153-8 s Gesteinskunde (DE-588)4020740-7 s Geochemie (DE-588)4020198-3 s DE-604 Paragenese (DE-588)4173268-6 s Mineral (DE-588)4074836-4 s Vorkommen (DE-588)4188678-1 s The Canadian mineralogist special publication ; 10 (DE-604)BV012701684 10 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016714683&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	London, David Pegmatites The Canadian mineralogist Pegmatites Gesteinsbildung (DE-588)4157153-8 gnd Pegmatit (DE-588)4173606-0 gnd Geochemie (DE-588)4020198-3 gnd Gesteinskunde (DE-588)4020740-7 gnd Mineralogie (DE-588)4039457-8 gnd Paragenese (DE-588)4173268-6 gnd Vorkommen (DE-588)4188678-1 gnd Mineral (DE-588)4074836-4 gnd Mineralbildung (DE-588)4170019-3 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4157153-8 (DE-588)4173606-0 (DE-588)4020198-3 (DE-588)4020740-7 (DE-588)4039457-8 (DE-588)4173268-6 (DE-588)4188678-1 (DE-588)4074836-4 (DE-588)4170019-3
title	Pegmatites
title_auth	Pegmatites
title_exact_search	Pegmatites
title_exact_search_txtP	Pegmatites
title_full	Pegmatites David London
title_fullStr	Pegmatites David London
title_full_unstemmed	Pegmatites David London
title_short	Pegmatites
title_sort	pegmatites
topic	Pegmatites Gesteinsbildung (DE-588)4157153-8 gnd Pegmatit (DE-588)4173606-0 gnd Geochemie (DE-588)4020198-3 gnd Gesteinskunde (DE-588)4020740-7 gnd Mineralogie (DE-588)4039457-8 gnd Paragenese (DE-588)4173268-6 gnd Vorkommen (DE-588)4188678-1 gnd Mineral (DE-588)4074836-4 gnd Mineralbildung (DE-588)4170019-3 gnd
topic_facet	Pegmatites Gesteinsbildung Pegmatit Geochemie Gesteinskunde Mineralogie Paragenese Vorkommen Mineral Mineralbildung
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016714683&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV012701684
work_keys_str_mv	AT londondavid pegmatites

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