Verfügbarkeit: Introduction to biotechnology

Introduction to biotechnology:

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Thieman, William J. (VerfasserIn), Palladino, Michael A. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	San Francisco ; Munich [u.a.] Pearson/Benjamin Cummings 2009
Ausgabe:	2. ed.
Schriftenreihe:	Pearson international edition
Schlagworte:	Biotecnologia Biotechnology Genetic Techniques Molecular Biology Biotechnologie Lehrbuch
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	Includes bibliographical references and index
Beschreibung:	Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9780321589033 0321589033

Internformat

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adam_text	Contents About the Authors vii Preface viii 1 The Biotechnology Century and Its UUorkforce l 1.1 UUhat Is Biotechnology and Uühat Does It Mean to Vou? 2 A Brief History of Biotechnology 2 Biotechnology: A Science of Many Disciplines 5 Products of Modern Biotechnology 6 Ethics and Biotechnology 8 1.2 Types of Biotechnology 8 Microbial Biotechnology 8 Agricultural Biotechnology 8 Animal Biotechnology 10 Forensic Biotechnology 10 Bioremediation 11 Aquatic Biotechnology 12 Medical Biotechnology 12 Regulatory Biotechnology 13 The Biotechnology Big Picture 13 1.3 Biological Challenges of the 21st Century 14 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? 14 A Scenario in the Future: How Might We Benefit from the Human Genome Project? 14 1.4 The Biotechnology UUorkforce 18 The Business of Biotechnology 19 Organization of a Biotechnology Company 19 Jobs in Biotechnology 20 Salaries in Biotechnology 23 Hiring Trends in the Biotechnology Industry 24 Questions & Activities 25 References and Further Reading 25 2 An Introduction to Genes and Genomes 26 2.1 A Revieuj of Cell Structure 27 Prokaryotic Cells 27 Eukaryotic Cells 28 2.2 The Molecule of Life 30 Evidence That DNA Is the Inherited Genetic Material 30 DNA Structure 32 What Is a Gene? 33 2.3 Chromosome Structure, DNA Replication, and Genomes 33 Chromosome Structure 34 DNA Replication 37 What Is a Genome? 38 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis 39 Copying the Code: Transcription 40 Translating the Code: Protein Synthesis 43 Basics of Gene Expression Control 46 2.5 Mutations: Causes and Consequences 51 Types of Mutations 51 Mutations Can Be Inherited or Acquired 53 Mutations Are the Basis of Variation in Genomes and a Cause of Human Genetic Diseases 54 Questions & Activities 5 5 References and Further Reading 56 Recombinant DNA Technology and Genomics 57 3.1 Introduction to Recombinant DNA Technology and DNA Cloning 58 Restriction Enzymes and Plasmid DNA Vectors 58 XIV Contents XV Transformation of Bacterial Cells and Antibiotic Selection of Recombinant Bacteria 61 Introduction to Human Gene Cloning 63 3.2 UUhat Makes a Good Vector? 65 Practical Features of DNA Cloning Vectors 65 Types of Vectors 66 3.3 Нош Oo Vou Identify and Clone a Gene of Interest? 68 Creating DNA Libraries: Building a Collection of Cloned Genes 68 Polymerase Chain Reaction 71 3.4 UJhat Can Vou Do urith a Cloned Gene? Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology 75 Gel Electrophoresis and Mapping Gene Structure with Restriction Enzymes 75 DNA Sequencing 78 Chromosomal Location and Gene Copy Number 80 Studying Gene Expression 81 Northern Blot Analysis 82 3.5 Genomics and Bioinformatics: Hot Nem Areas of Biotechnology 87 Bioinformatics: Merging Molecular Biology with Computing Technology 87 Examples of Bioinformatics in Action 87 A Genome Cloning Effort of Epic Proportion: The Human Genome Project 89 What Have We Learned from the Human Genome? 90 The Human Genome Project Started an Omics Revolution 92 Comparative Genomics 92 Stone Age Genomics 93 Questions & Activities 95 References and Further Reading 95 Proteins as Products 97 4.1 Introduction to Proteins as Biotech Products 98 4.2 Proteins as Biotechnology Products 98 Making a Biotech Drug 99 Medical Applications 100 Food Processing 100 Textiles and Leather Goods 101 Detergents 101 Paper Manufacturing and Recycling 101 Adhesives: Natural Glues 101 Bioremediation: Treating Pollution with Proteins 102 4.3 Protein Structures 102 Structural Arrangement 102 Protein Folding 103 Glycosylation 104 Protein Engineering 104 4.4 Protein Production 106 Protein Expression: The First Phase in Protein Processing 107 4.5 Protein Purification Methods 109 Preparing the Extract for Purification 109 Stabilizing the Proteins in Solution 109 Separating the Components in the Extract 110 4.6 Verification 114 4.7 Preserving Proteins 115 4.8 Scale-up of Protein Purification 116 4.9 Postpurification Analysis Methods 116 Protein Sequencing 116 X-ray Crystallography 116 4.10 Proteomics 117 Questions & Activities 118 References and Further Reading 118 Microbial Biotechnology 119 5.1 The Structure of Microbes 120 Yeast Are Important Microbes Too 121 5.2 Microorganisms as Tools 122 Microbial Enzymes 123 Bacterial Transformation 123 Electroporation 124 Cloning and Expression Techniques 125 5.3 Using Microbes for a Variety of Cveryday Applications 127 Food Products 127 Therapeutic Proteins 131 Using Microbes Against Other Microbes 131 Field Applications of Recombinant Microorganisms 134 5.4 Vaccines 135 A Primer on Antibodies 136 How Are Vaccines Made? 137 Bacterial and Viral Targets for Vaccines 139 xvi Contents 5.5 Microbial Genomes 141 Why Sequence Microbial Genomes? 141 Microbial Genome Sequencing Strategies 142 Selected Genomes Sequenced to Date 142 Sorcerer II: Traversing the Globe to Sequence Microbial Genomes 143 Viral Genomics 144 Assembling Genomes to Produce Human-Made Viruses 145 5.6 Microbial Diagnostics 145 Bacterial Detection Strategies 145 Tracking Disease-Causing Microorganisms 147 Microarrays for Tracking Contagious Diseases 147 5.7 Combating Bioterrorism 148 Microbes as Bioweapons 149 Targets of Bioterrorism 150 Using Biotechnology Against Bioweapons 151 Questions & Activities 153 References and Further Reading 154 О Plant Biotechnology 155 6.1 Agriculture: The Next Revolution 156 6.2 Methods Used in Plant Transgenesis 157 Conventional Selective Breeding and Hybridization 157 Cloning: Growing Plants from Single Cells 157 Protoplast Fusion 157 Leaf Fragment Technique 158 Gene Guns 158 Chloroplast Engineering 159 Antisense Technology 159 6.3 Practical Applications in the Field 161 Vaccines for Plants 161 Genetic Pesticides: A Safer Alternative? 162 Safe Storage 163 Herbicide Resistance 163 Stronger Fibers 163 Enhanced Nutrition 164 The Future: From Pharmaceuticals to Fuel 164 Metabolic Engineering 166 6.4 Health and environmental Concerns 167 Concerns About Human Health 168 Concerns About the Environment 168 Regulations 169 Questions & Activities 170 References and Further Reading 170 *] Animal Biotechnology 171 7.1 Introduction to Animal Biotechnology 172 7.2 Animals in Research 172 Animal Models 172 Alternatives to Animal Models 174 Regulation of Animal Research 175 Veterinary Medicine as Clinical Trials 176 Bioengineering Mosquitoes to Prevent Malaria 177 7.3 Clones 177 Creating Dolly: A Breakthrough in Cloning 177 The Limits to Cloning 178 The Future of Cloning 179 7.4 Transgenic Animals 180 Transgenic Techniques 180 Improving Agricultural Products with Transgenics 181 Transgenic Animals as Bioreactors 183 Knockouts: A Special Case of Transgenics 184 7.5 Producing Human Antibodies in Animals 186 Monoclonal Antibodies 186 Eggs as Antibody Factories 188 Questions & Activities 188 References and Further Reading 189 Ö DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis 190 8.1 Introduction to DNA Fingerprinting and Forensics 191 8.2 UJhat Is a DNA Fingerprint? 191 How Is DNA Typing Performed? 191 8.3 Preparing a DNA Fingerprint 192 Specimen Collection 192 Extracting DNA for Analysis 193 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Analysis 193 The Southern Blot Technique 193 PCR and DNA Amplification 196 Dot Blot (or Slot Blot) Analysis 196 STR Analysis 196 8.4 Putting DNA to Use 196 The Narborough Village Murders 197 The Forest Hills Rapist 197 Contents xvii Terrorism and Natural Disasters Force Development of New Technologies 199 8.5 DNA and the Rules of Evidence 200 DNA Fingerprinting and the Simpson and Goldman Murders 201 Human Error and Sources of Contamination 201 DNA and Juries 202 8.6 Familial Relationships and DNA Profiles 202 Mitochondrial DNA Analysis 202 Y-Chromosome Analysis 203 8.7 Nonhuman DNA Analysis 204 DNA Tagging to Fight Fraud 206 Questions & Activities 206 References and Further Reading 207 Bioremediation 208 9.1 UUhat Is Bioremediation? 209 Why Is Bioremediation Important? 209 9.2 Bioremediation Basics 210 What Needs to Be Cleaned Up? 210 Chemicals in the Environment 211 Fundamentals of Cleanup Reactions 211 The Players: Metabolizing Microbes 213 Bioremediation Genomics Programs 215 9.3 Cleanup Sites and Strategies 217 Soil Cleanup 217 Bioremediation of Water 218 Turning Wastes into Energy 220 9.4 Applying Genetically Engineered Strains to Clean Up the Environment 222 Petroleum-Eating Bacteria 222 Engineering E. coli to Clean Up Heavy Metals 223 Biosensors 224 Genetically Modified Plants and Phytoremediation 224 9.5 Environmental Disasters: Case Studies in Bioremediation 225 Jet Fuel and Hanahan, South Carolina 225 The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill 225 Oil Fields of Kuwait 226 9.6 Future Strategies and Challenges for Bioremediation 227 Recovering Valuable Metals 228 Bioremediation of Radioactive Wastes 229 Questions & Activities 230 References and Further Reading 230 Ю Aquatic Biotechnology 231 10.1 Introduction to Aquatic Biotechnology 232 10.2 Aquaculture: Increasing the UUorld s Food Supply Through Biotechnology 232 The Economics of Aquaculture 232 Fish Farming Practices 235 Improving Strains for Aquaculture 238 Enhancing Seafood Quality and Safety 239 Barriers and Limitations to Aquaculture 239 The Future of Aquaculture 242 10.3 Molecular Genetics of Aquatic Organisms 242 Discovery and Cloning of Novel Genes 242 Genetic Manipulations of Finfish and Shellfish 247 10.4 Medical Applications of Aquatic Biotechnology 251 Drugs and Medicines from the Sea 251 Monitoring Health and Human Disease 254 10.5 Nonmedicai Products 254 A Potpourri of Products 254 Biomass and Bioprocessing 255 10.6 Environmental Applications of Aquatic Biotechnology 256 Antifouling Agents 256 Biosensors 257 Environmental Remediation 257 Questions & Activities 259 References and Further Reading 259 U Medical Biotechnology 260 11.1 The Pouuer of Molecular Biology: Detecting and Diagnosing Human Disease Conditions 261 Models of Human Disease 261 Biomarkers for Disease Detection 263 Detecting Genetic Diseases 263 11.2 Medical Products and Applications of Biotechnology 268 The Search for New Medicines and Drugs 269 Artificial Blood 273 Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies 273 11.3 Gene Therapy 275 How Is It Done? 275 xvii xviii Contents Curing Genetic Diseases: Targets for Gene Therapy 279 Challenges Facing Gene Therapy 281 11.4 The Potential of Regenerative Medicine 282 Cell and Tissue Transplantation 282 Tissue Engineering 285 Stem Cell Technologies 287 Cloning 293 Embryonic Stem Cell and Therapeutic Cloning Regulations in the United States 297 1X.5 The Human Genome Project Has Revealed Disease Genes on All Human Chromosomes 298 Piecing Together the Human Genome Puzzle 298 Questions & Activities 303 References and Further Reading 303 12.7 Biotechnology Products in the Global Marketplace 321 Questions & Activities 322 References and Further Reading 323 Biotechnology Regulations 305 X2.1 The Regulatory Frameuiork 306 X2.2 U.S. Department of Agriculture 308 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 308 Permitting Process 308 The APHIS Investigative Process 308 The Notification Process 309 12.3 The Environmental Protection Agency 309 Experimental Use Permits 309 The First Experimental Use Permit 309 Deregulation and Commercialization 310 12.4 Food and Drug Administration 311 Food and Food Additives 311 The Drug Approval Process 311 Good Laboratory (GLP), Clinical (GCP), and Manufacturing (GMP) Practices 312 Phase Testing of Drugs 312 Faster Drug Approval versus Public Safety 313 12.5 Legislation and Regulation: The Ongoing Role of Government 314 Labeling Biotechnology Products 316 The Fluvirin Failure 316 12.6 Introduction to Patents 317 The Value of Patents in the Biotechnology Industry 318 Patenting DNA Sequences 319 Ethics and Biotechnology 324 13.1 UJhat Is Cthics? 325 Approaches to Ethical Decision Making 325 Ethical Exercise Warm-Up 326 13.2 Biotechnology and Nature 327 Cells and Products 328 GM Crops: Are You What You Eat? 328 Animal Husbandry or Animal Tinkering? 331 The Human Question 332 What Does It Mean to Be Human? 333 Spare Embryos for Research Versus Creating Embryos for Research 335 Cloning 336 Patient Rights and Biological Materials 337 Regulations in Flux 338 Your Genes, Your Self 338 More or Less Human? 339 13.3 Economics, the Role of Science, and Communication 340 Questions & Activities 342 References and Further Reading 343 Appendix 1 Answers to Questions & Activities A- 1 Appendix 2 The 20 Amino Acids of Proteins A-9 Credits C-l Glossary G-l Index 1-1
adam_txt	Contents About the Authors vii Preface viii 1 The Biotechnology Century and Its UUorkforce l 1.1 UUhat Is Biotechnology and Uühat Does It Mean to Vou? 2 A Brief History of Biotechnology 2 Biotechnology: A Science of Many Disciplines 5 Products of Modern Biotechnology 6 Ethics and Biotechnology 8 1.2 Types of Biotechnology 8 Microbial Biotechnology 8 Agricultural Biotechnology 8 Animal Biotechnology 10 Forensic Biotechnology 10 Bioremediation 11 Aquatic Biotechnology 12 Medical Biotechnology 12 Regulatory Biotechnology 13 The Biotechnology "Big Picture" 13 1.3 Biological Challenges of the 21st Century 14 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? 14 A Scenario in the Future: How Might We Benefit from the Human Genome Project? 14 1.4 The Biotechnology UUorkforce 18 The Business of Biotechnology 19 Organization of a Biotechnology Company 19 Jobs in Biotechnology 20 Salaries in Biotechnology 23 Hiring Trends in the Biotechnology Industry 24 Questions & Activities 25 References and Further Reading 25 2 An Introduction to Genes and Genomes 26 2.1 A Revieuj of Cell Structure 27 Prokaryotic Cells 27 Eukaryotic Cells 28 2.2 The Molecule of Life 30 Evidence That DNA Is the Inherited Genetic Material 30 DNA Structure 32 What Is a Gene? 33 2.3 Chromosome Structure, DNA Replication, and Genomes 33 Chromosome Structure 34 DNA Replication 37 What Is a Genome? 38 2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis 39 Copying the Code: Transcription 40 Translating the Code: Protein Synthesis 43 Basics of Gene Expression Control 46 2.5 Mutations: Causes and Consequences 51 Types of Mutations 51 Mutations Can Be Inherited or Acquired 53 Mutations Are the Basis of Variation in Genomes and a Cause of Human Genetic Diseases 54 Questions & Activities 5 5 References and Further Reading 56 Recombinant DNA Technology and Genomics 57 3.1 Introduction to Recombinant DNA Technology and DNA Cloning 58 Restriction Enzymes and Plasmid DNA Vectors 58 XIV Contents XV Transformation of Bacterial Cells and Antibiotic Selection of Recombinant Bacteria 61 Introduction to Human Gene Cloning 63 3.2 UUhat Makes a Good Vector? 65 Practical Features of DNA Cloning Vectors 65 Types of Vectors 66 3.3 Нош Oo Vou Identify and Clone a Gene of Interest? 68 Creating DNA Libraries: Building a Collection of Cloned Genes 68 Polymerase Chain Reaction 71 3.4 UJhat Can Vou Do urith a Cloned Gene? Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology 75 Gel Electrophoresis and Mapping Gene Structure with Restriction Enzymes 75 DNA Sequencing 78 Chromosomal Location and Gene Copy Number 80 Studying Gene Expression 81 Northern Blot Analysis 82 3.5 Genomics and Bioinformatics: Hot Nem Areas of Biotechnology 87 Bioinformatics: Merging Molecular Biology with Computing Technology 87 Examples of Bioinformatics in Action 87 A Genome Cloning Effort of Epic Proportion: The Human Genome Project 89 What Have We Learned from the Human Genome? 90 The Human Genome Project Started an "Omics" Revolution 92 Comparative Genomics 92 Stone Age Genomics 93 Questions & Activities 95 References and Further Reading 95 Proteins as Products 97 4.1 Introduction to Proteins as Biotech Products 98 4.2 Proteins as Biotechnology Products 98 Making a Biotech Drug 99 Medical Applications 100 Food Processing 100 Textiles and Leather Goods 101 Detergents 101 Paper Manufacturing and Recycling 101 Adhesives: Natural Glues 101 Bioremediation: Treating Pollution with Proteins 102 4.3 Protein Structures 102 Structural Arrangement 102 Protein Folding 103 Glycosylation 104 Protein Engineering 104 4.4 Protein Production 106 Protein Expression: The First Phase in Protein Processing 107 4.5 Protein Purification Methods 109 Preparing the Extract for Purification 109 Stabilizing the Proteins in Solution 109 Separating the Components in the Extract 110 4.6 Verification 114 4.7 Preserving Proteins 115 4.8 Scale-up of Protein Purification 116 4.9 Postpurification Analysis Methods 116 Protein Sequencing 116 X-ray Crystallography 116 4.10 Proteomics 117 Questions & Activities 118 References and Further Reading 118 Microbial Biotechnology 119 5.1 The Structure of Microbes 120 Yeast Are Important Microbes Too 121 5.2 Microorganisms as Tools 122 Microbial Enzymes 123 Bacterial Transformation 123 Electroporation 124 Cloning and Expression Techniques 125 5.3 Using Microbes for a Variety of Cveryday Applications 127 Food Products 127 Therapeutic Proteins 131 Using Microbes Against Other Microbes 131 Field Applications of Recombinant Microorganisms 134 5.4 Vaccines 135 A Primer on Antibodies 136 How Are Vaccines Made? 137 Bacterial and Viral Targets for Vaccines 139 xvi Contents 5.5 Microbial Genomes 141 Why Sequence Microbial Genomes? 141 Microbial Genome Sequencing Strategies 142 Selected Genomes Sequenced to Date 142 Sorcerer II: Traversing the Globe to Sequence Microbial Genomes 143 Viral Genomics 144 Assembling Genomes to Produce Human-Made Viruses 145 5.6 Microbial Diagnostics 145 Bacterial Detection Strategies 145 Tracking Disease-Causing Microorganisms 147 Microarrays for Tracking Contagious Diseases 147 5.7 Combating Bioterrorism 148 Microbes as Bioweapons 149 Targets of Bioterrorism 150 Using Biotechnology Against Bioweapons 151 Questions & Activities 153 References and Further Reading 154 О Plant Biotechnology 155 6.1 Agriculture: The Next Revolution 156 6.2 Methods Used in Plant Transgenesis 157 Conventional Selective Breeding and Hybridization 157 Cloning: Growing Plants from Single Cells 157 Protoplast Fusion 157 Leaf Fragment Technique 158 Gene Guns 158 Chloroplast Engineering 159 Antisense Technology 159 6.3 Practical Applications in the Field 161 Vaccines for Plants 161 Genetic Pesticides: A Safer Alternative? 162 Safe Storage 163 Herbicide Resistance 163 Stronger Fibers 163 Enhanced Nutrition 164 The Future: From Pharmaceuticals to Fuel 164 Metabolic Engineering 166 6.4 Health and environmental Concerns 167 Concerns About Human Health 168 Concerns About the Environment 168 Regulations 169 Questions & Activities 170 References and Further Reading 170 *] Animal Biotechnology 171 7.1 Introduction to Animal Biotechnology 172 7.2 Animals in Research 172 Animal Models 172 Alternatives to Animal Models 174 Regulation of Animal Research 175 Veterinary Medicine as Clinical Trials 176 Bioengineering Mosquitoes to Prevent Malaria 177 7.3 Clones 177 Creating Dolly: A Breakthrough in Cloning 177 The Limits to Cloning 178 The Future of Cloning 179 7.4 Transgenic Animals 180 Transgenic Techniques 180 Improving Agricultural Products with Transgenics 181 Transgenic Animals as Bioreactors 183 Knockouts: A Special Case of Transgenics 184 7.5 Producing Human Antibodies in Animals 186 Monoclonal Antibodies 186 Eggs as Antibody Factories 188 Questions & Activities 188 References and Further Reading 189 Ö DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis 190 8.1 Introduction to DNA Fingerprinting and Forensics 191 8.2 UJhat Is a DNA Fingerprint? 191 How Is DNA Typing Performed? 191 8.3 Preparing a DNA Fingerprint 192 Specimen Collection 192 Extracting DNA for Analysis 193 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Analysis 193 The Southern Blot Technique 193 PCR and DNA Amplification 196 Dot Blot (or Slot Blot) Analysis 196 STR Analysis 196 8.4 Putting DNA to Use 196 The Narborough Village Murders 197 The Forest Hills Rapist 197 Contents xvii Terrorism and Natural Disasters Force Development of New Technologies 199 8.5 DNA and the Rules of Evidence 200 DNA Fingerprinting and the Simpson and Goldman Murders 201 Human Error and Sources of Contamination 201 DNA and Juries 202 8.6 Familial Relationships and DNA Profiles 202 Mitochondrial DNA Analysis 202 Y-Chromosome Analysis 203 8.7 Nonhuman DNA Analysis 204 DNA Tagging to Fight Fraud 206 Questions & Activities 206 References and Further Reading 207 Bioremediation 208 9.1 UUhat Is Bioremediation? 209 Why Is Bioremediation Important? 209 9.2 Bioremediation Basics 210 What Needs to Be Cleaned Up? 210 Chemicals in the Environment 211 Fundamentals of Cleanup Reactions 211 The Players: Metabolizing Microbes 213 Bioremediation Genomics Programs 215 9.3 Cleanup Sites and Strategies 217 Soil Cleanup 217 Bioremediation of Water 218 Turning Wastes into Energy 220 9.4 Applying Genetically Engineered Strains to Clean Up the Environment 222 Petroleum-Eating Bacteria 222 Engineering E. coli to Clean Up Heavy Metals 223 Biosensors 224 Genetically Modified Plants and Phytoremediation 224 9.5 Environmental Disasters: Case Studies in Bioremediation 225 Jet Fuel and Hanahan, South Carolina 225 The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill 225 Oil Fields of Kuwait 226 9.6 Future Strategies and Challenges for Bioremediation 227 Recovering Valuable Metals 228 Bioremediation of Radioactive Wastes 229 Questions & Activities 230 References and Further Reading 230 Ю Aquatic Biotechnology 231 10.1 Introduction to Aquatic Biotechnology 232 10.2 Aquaculture: Increasing the UUorld's Food Supply Through Biotechnology 232 The Economics of Aquaculture 232 Fish Farming Practices 235 Improving Strains for Aquaculture 238 Enhancing Seafood Quality and Safety 239 Barriers and Limitations to Aquaculture 239 The Future of Aquaculture 242 10.3 Molecular Genetics of Aquatic Organisms 242 Discovery and Cloning of Novel Genes 242 Genetic Manipulations of Finfish and Shellfish 247 10.4 Medical Applications of Aquatic Biotechnology 251 Drugs and Medicines from the Sea 251 Monitoring Health and Human Disease 254 10.5 Nonmedicai Products 254 A Potpourri of Products 254 Biomass and Bioprocessing 255 10.6 Environmental Applications of Aquatic Biotechnology 256 Antifouling Agents 256 Biosensors 257 Environmental Remediation 257 Questions & Activities 259 References and Further Reading 259 U Medical Biotechnology 260 11.1 The Pouuer of Molecular Biology: Detecting and Diagnosing Human Disease Conditions 261 Models of Human Disease 261 Biomarkers for Disease Detection 263 Detecting Genetic Diseases 263 11.2 Medical Products and Applications of Biotechnology 268 The Search for New Medicines and Drugs 269 Artificial Blood 273 Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies 273 11.3 Gene Therapy 275 How Is It Done? 275 xvii xviii Contents Curing Genetic Diseases: Targets for Gene Therapy 279 Challenges Facing Gene Therapy 281 11.4 The Potential of Regenerative Medicine 282 Cell and Tissue Transplantation 282 Tissue Engineering 285 Stem Cell Technologies 287 Cloning 293 Embryonic Stem Cell and Therapeutic Cloning Regulations in the United States 297 1X.5 The Human Genome Project Has Revealed Disease Genes on All Human Chromosomes 298 Piecing Together the Human Genome Puzzle 298 Questions & Activities 303 References and Further Reading 303 12.7 Biotechnology Products in the Global Marketplace 321 Questions & Activities 322 References and Further Reading 323 Biotechnology Regulations 305 X2.1 The Regulatory Frameuiork 306 X2.2 U.S. Department of Agriculture 308 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 308 Permitting Process 308 The APHIS Investigative Process 308 The Notification Process 309 12.3 The Environmental Protection Agency 309 Experimental Use Permits 309 The First Experimental Use Permit 309 Deregulation and Commercialization 310 12.4 Food and Drug Administration 311 Food and Food Additives 311 The Drug Approval Process 311 Good Laboratory (GLP), Clinical (GCP), and Manufacturing (GMP) Practices 312 Phase Testing of Drugs 312 Faster Drug Approval versus Public Safety 313 12.5 Legislation and Regulation: The Ongoing Role of Government 314 Labeling Biotechnology Products 316 The Fluvirin Failure 316 12.6 Introduction to Patents 317 The Value of Patents in the Biotechnology Industry 318 Patenting DNA Sequences 319 Ethics and Biotechnology 324 13.1 UJhat Is Cthics? 325 Approaches to Ethical Decision Making 325 Ethical Exercise Warm-Up 326 13.2 Biotechnology and Nature 327 Cells and Products 328 GM Crops: Are You What You Eat? 328 Animal Husbandry or Animal Tinkering? 331 The Human Question 332 What Does It Mean to Be Human? 333 Spare Embryos for Research Versus Creating Embryos for Research 335 Cloning 336 Patient Rights and Biological Materials 337 Regulations in Flux 338 Your Genes, Your Self 338 More or Less Human? 339 13.3 Economics, the Role of Science, and Communication 340 Questions & Activities 342 References and Further Reading 343 Appendix 1 Answers to Questions & Activities A- 1 Appendix 2 The 20 Amino Acids of Proteins A-9 Credits C-l Glossary G-l Index 1-1
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genre_facet	Lehrbuch
id	DE-604.BV035013814
illustrated	Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-02T21:44:46Z
indexdate	2024-07-09T21:20:12Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9780321589033 0321589033
language	English
lccn	2008019077
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016683013
oclc_num	226911753
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-703 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-12 DE-83 DE-1102
owner_facet	DE-703 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-12 DE-83 DE-1102
physical	Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst.
publishDate	2009
publishDateSearch	2009
publishDateSort	2009
publisher	Pearson/Benjamin Cummings
record_format	marc
series2	Pearson international edition
spelling	Thieman, William J. Verfasser aut Introduction to biotechnology William J. Thieman ; Michael A. Palladino 2. ed. San Francisco ; Munich [u.a.] Pearson/Benjamin Cummings 2009 Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Pearson international edition Includes bibliographical references and index Biotecnologia larpcal Biotechnology Genetic Techniques Molecular Biology Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 s DE-604 Palladino, Michael A. Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016683013&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Thieman, William J. Palladino, Michael A. Introduction to biotechnology Biotecnologia larpcal Biotechnology Genetic Techniques Molecular Biology Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4069491-4 (DE-588)4123623-3
title	Introduction to biotechnology
title_auth	Introduction to biotechnology
title_exact_search	Introduction to biotechnology
title_exact_search_txtP	Introduction to biotechnology
title_full	Introduction to biotechnology William J. Thieman ; Michael A. Palladino
title_fullStr	Introduction to biotechnology William J. Thieman ; Michael A. Palladino
title_full_unstemmed	Introduction to biotechnology William J. Thieman ; Michael A. Palladino
title_short	Introduction to biotechnology
title_sort	introduction to biotechnology
topic	Biotecnologia larpcal Biotechnology Genetic Techniques Molecular Biology Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd
topic_facet	Biotecnologia Biotechnology Genetic Techniques Molecular Biology Biotechnologie Lehrbuch
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016683013&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT thiemanwilliamj introductiontobiotechnology AT palladinomichaela introductiontobiotechnology

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