Ilūziju un baiļu mašinērija: propaganda nacistu okupētajā Latvijā: vara, mediji un sabiedrība (1941 - 1945)
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Latvian |
Veröffentlicht: |
Rīga
Mansards
2012
|
Ausgabe: | 2. laidiens |
Schriftenreihe: | Imperfectum
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | rezensiert in: Nordost-Archiv, XXII (2013), S. 289-292 Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache m.d.T: Machinery of illusion and fear : propaganda in Nazi occupied Latvia ... |
Beschreibung: | 363 S. Ill. |
ISBN: | 9789984872810 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text |
KASPARS ZELLIS
IL*ZIJU UN BAI*U MA*IN*RIJA
/
PROPAGANDA NACISTU OKUP*TAJ* LATVIJ*:
VARA, MEDIJI UN SABIEDR*BA (1941-1945)
MLALS
SATURS
PRIEK*V*RDS
1. PROPAGANDA: IEVADS PROBLEM*TIK*, V*STURE UN T*MAS IZP*TE 11
A) KAS IR PROPAGANDA? 14
B) AVOTI 21
C) HISTORIOGR*FIJA 39
2. PROPAGANDAS INSTIT*CIJAS 47
A) CIVIL*S PROPAGANDAS INSTIT*CIJAS 50
B) MILIT*R*S UN PARAMILIT*R*S PROPAGANDAS INSTIT*CIJAS 68
V*RMAHTA PROPAGANDAS DA*AS 68
SS STRUKT*RU IETEKME UZ PROPAGANDAS DARBU 78
3. PROPAGANDAS KAN*LI NACISTU OKUP*TAJ* LATVIJ* 100
A) DRUK*T* PROPAGANDA 103
PERIODISKIE IZDEVUMI 103
ZI*U A*ENT*RAS UN KORESPONDENCES 126
GR*MATAS UN BRO**RAS 131
B) VIZU*L* PROPAGANDA 146
C) AUDIO PROPAGANDA 153
RADIO PROPAGANDA 153
SKA*U PLATES UN SKA*DARBI 164
D) KINOPROPROPAGANDA 168
E) STARPPERSON*L*S KOMUNIK*CIJAS PROPAGANDA 172
4. PROPAGANDAS SATURS 177
A) NACISMAM PIEM*ROTAS PASAULES AINAS VEIDO*ANA 197
LATVIJAS "ATBR*VO*ANAS" PROPAGANDA 197
JAUN* V*STURISKUMA PROPAGANDA 210
363
B) IENAIDNIEKA T*LA KONSTRUKCIJAS 224
*R*JAIS IENAIDNIEKS
225
"Z*DI IR VAIN*GI!"
225
KRIEVA T*LS PROPAGAND*
226
MEKL*JOT IEK**JOS IENAIDNIEKUS
271
C) PROPAGANDAS SOCI*LO R*C*BAS MODE*U KONSTRUKCIJAS 285
NOBEIGUMAM 325
MACHINERY OF ILLUSION AND FEAR. PROPAGANDA IN NAZI OCCUPIED LATVIA:
REGIME, MEDIA AND SOCIETY (1941-1945). SUMMARY 331
AVOTI UN LITERAT*RA 334
PERSONU R*D*T*JS 352
ATT*LU SARAKSTS 359
Kaspars Zellis
Machinery of
Illusion
and Fear
Propaganda in Nazi Occupied Latvia: Regime, Media and Society
(1941—1945)
Summary
The book "Machinery of Illusion and Fear: Propaganda in Nazi Occupied Latvia: Regime,
Media and Society
(1941—1945)"
deals with the policies and content of Nazi propaganda
during the years of the German/Nazi occupation of Latvia. In Germany, this subject has
been investigated extensively, but communication between the occupying regime and the
occupied societies elsewhere in Europe differed from what was implemented in Germany
proper. During the years of World War II, the Nazi regime in occupied countries aimed to
ensure that local residents made peace with the fact of occupation, thus bringing about
stability behind the front lines of the war and involving local residents in active collaboration
with the regime.
Several institutions in Latvia were responsible for propaganda during the Nazi occupation.
They were often involved in disputes over their designated areas of competence, and such
disharmony complicated the implementation of propaganda policy, though without affecting
the content of propaganda. Between June
1941
(when the German occupation started in
Latvia) and December of that year, propaganda was in the hands of the Propaganda Division
of the
Wehrmacht,
but the process was then handed over to German civilian occupation
authorities, namely the Press and Education Division of the Occupied Eastern Ministry (in
Berlin) and its subordinate
—
the Propaganda Division of the main commissar for the Reich
in the occupied
Ostland
territories. The Propaganda Division, in turn, oversaw the propaganda
units of general commissars in the region. The Propaganda Division of the general commis¬
sar of Riga oversaw the work of propagandists at a lower level.
Late in
1943,
in Berlin, propaganda in the occupied territories was handed over to the
People's Education and Propaganda Ministry run by Joseph
Goebbels.
The ministry organised
its policies in tandem with its Eastern Department, and it took over the propaganda units of
the Reich's commissar and the general commissars. The Eastern Ministry preserved control
over only the press, while propaganda on the radio and at the cinema fell under the juris¬
diction of the Propaganda Ministry.
331
Also involved with creating propaganda and, in particular, in controlling the process of
creation were the main security institutions of the Nazi empire. Propaganda was first
controlled by representatives of
Einsatzgruppe
A and later by the institutions of the Security
Police and SD commander in Latvia. Propaganda in Latvia was also affected by the German
Foreign Ministry and the press office of the
NSDAP.
Despite the fact that the spheres and
competences of propaganda were clearly delineated on paper, disputes and competition
among the relevant institutions were not uncommon at all. Still, this did not have much an
effect on the content of propaganda, because that content emanated from the policies of the
occupying regime and from the ideology of National Socialism.
Local Latvian entities served as intermediaries between propaganda institutions and
those who engaged in propaganda. This was particularly true of the Department of Art and
Public Affairs of the Interior Ministry's General Directorate, as well as of the General Directorate
for Education and Culture. The Nazis used these institutions to make propaganda more
effective, as well as to obscure the role of the Germans themselves in certain domains of life.
Beginning in
1943,
mostly through the mass mobilisation of Latvians for the German military,
the role of the
Wehrmacht
and the
Waffen
SS in
propaganda only increased.
The book also deals with the most important propaganda outlets
—
the periodic press,
the radio, cinema, institutions, posters, and interpersonal communications. The authors
have examined the creation, functioning and
role oí
propaganda in these outlets within the
broader system of propaganda-creation by the occupying Nazi regime.
The propaganda that the Nazis aimed at Latvian civilians depended on the long-term
Nazi policies, on racist ideology, and on the political events of the day. Some propaganda
(agitation) efforts were aimed at achieving immediate goals, while others, described as inte¬
gration efforts, were aimed at changing the world views of members of the public. The purpose
of the latter efforts was to transform traditional Latvian views about the surrounding world
and their own history and future so as to create trust in and reliance on the Nazi occupants.
The ideological thrust of Nazi propaganda was simple and was based on the claim that
mistakes made by politicians in the pre-1940 Republic of Latvia led to a Soviet occupation
that was organised mostly by Jews, who then implemented repressive policies in Latvia on the
basis of a plan of world conquest developed by "international Jewry." The German Army
was praised for rescuing Latvians from these dangers. The Latvian nation was assured that
it would be able to rid themselves of the elements of the past and instead, under the wing of
the Nazi military, find its place in a "New Europe."
It was from this ideology that the basic elements of Nazi propaganda were derived.
"International Jewry" was the main enemy
—
"Jewish Bolshevism" and "Anglo-American
plutocracy" were the two primary elements therein. Nazi propaganda portrayed these
claims was truth and asserted that "international Jewry" was an enemy of Latvians and of
332
the "entire civilised world/' Latvians were told that the German military rescued them
from these enemies, who worked for and still still sought their destruction. Members of the
public were expected to be grateful and to obey Nazi orders. Paralleling the image of an
external enemy, the Nazis also created the image of a domestic enemy within Latvia, whose
presence was manifested by various public activities that the regime could not accept
—
speculation, rumor-mongering, refusal to work, etc. This image of an internal enemy also
helped to construct the image of behaviour that would be "properly Latvian."
The perceptions of Latvians of their own history also had to be changed so as to ensures
loyalty and alter national self-consciousness. Prior to World War II, history had been domi¬
nated by the antagonistic contrast between "Latvians" and "Germans." This had to be changed
to show that not only were Germans the true friends of the Latvian nation, but that the
ideas of National Socialism were superior. This was conceived of as the first step in the
process of
Germanisation.
Agitation propaganda, in turn, was aimed at creating a model of public activities in
Latvia that would be in accordance with the political goals of the occupant regime. People
were expected to work hard, make peace with the difficulties of the war era, ensure military
co-operation with the occupation regime, battle against internal enemies, and follow all of
the orders of the authorities.
Nazi propaganda, however, did not have a sufficiently pervasive effect on Latvian society,
as witnessed by the fact that coercive policies needed to be implemented alongside the
propaganda efforts. There was widespread distrust of propaganda slogans, and frequently
a diametrically opposite public reaction to them. The image of the enemy, particularly that
of British and American "plutocrats," never took root either.
The main reasons why Nazi propaganda failed in Latvia were rooted in the coercive
policies of the occupant regime, its rejection of national myths and symbols, its treatment of
Latvians as unequal subordinates, as well as in the nationalistic sentiments of the Latvians
themselves.
Despite public distrust of those who were engaged in propaganda, however, the Nazis
did manage gain control over much of society during the occupation, in large part due to
the effectiveness of anti-Bolshevik propaganda. The Bolsheviks were presented to the people
of Latvia as a true threat to the life-chances of the nation. Instilling fear that the Communist
regime might return proved to be the most effective way of influencing social thought.
Hatred of Communists was rooted in the recent past
(1940—41),
and the Nazi occupants,
well aware of this fact, made major use of the emotions that the Soviet occupation of that
year had elicited. The images and caricatures embedded in Nazi propaganda, in other
words, opened the door to the widespread manipulation of public sentiment in Latvia. |
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Zellis, Kaspars 1972- |
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era_facet | Geschichte 1941-1945 |
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spelling | Zellis, Kaspars 1972- Verfasser (DE-588)1047355175 aut Ilūziju un baiļu mašinērija propaganda nacistu okupētajā Latvijā: vara, mediji un sabiedrība (1941 - 1945) Kaspars Zellis 2. laidiens Rīga Mansards 2012 363 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Imperfectum Zsfassung in engl. Sprache m.d.T: Machinery of illusion and fear : propaganda in Nazi occupied Latvia ... Geschichte 1941-1945 gnd rswk-swf Besatzung fes Kriegsgeschichte fes Propaganda (DE-588)4076374-2 gnd rswk-swf Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 gnd rswk-swf Lettland fes Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 gnd rswk-swf Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 g Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 s Propaganda (DE-588)4076374-2 s Geschichte 1941-1945 z DE-604 https://www.recensio.net/r/0498bc6ac46340df89e818d2daf2f7bd rezensiert in: Nordost-Archiv, XXII (2013), S. 289-292 Rezension HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026641829&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026641829&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
spellingShingle | Zellis, Kaspars 1972- Ilūziju un baiļu mašinērija propaganda nacistu okupētajā Latvijā: vara, mediji un sabiedrība (1941 - 1945) Besatzung fes Kriegsgeschichte fes Propaganda (DE-588)4076374-2 gnd Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4076374-2 (DE-588)4006020-2 (DE-588)4074187-4 |
title | Ilūziju un baiļu mašinērija propaganda nacistu okupētajā Latvijā: vara, mediji un sabiedrība (1941 - 1945) |
title_auth | Ilūziju un baiļu mašinērija propaganda nacistu okupētajā Latvijā: vara, mediji un sabiedrība (1941 - 1945) |
title_exact_search | Ilūziju un baiļu mašinērija propaganda nacistu okupētajā Latvijā: vara, mediji un sabiedrība (1941 - 1945) |
title_full | Ilūziju un baiļu mašinērija propaganda nacistu okupētajā Latvijā: vara, mediji un sabiedrība (1941 - 1945) Kaspars Zellis |
title_fullStr | Ilūziju un baiļu mašinērija propaganda nacistu okupētajā Latvijā: vara, mediji un sabiedrība (1941 - 1945) Kaspars Zellis |
title_full_unstemmed | Ilūziju un baiļu mašinērija propaganda nacistu okupētajā Latvijā: vara, mediji un sabiedrība (1941 - 1945) Kaspars Zellis |
title_short | Ilūziju un baiļu mašinērija |
title_sort | iluziju un bailu masinerija propaganda nacistu okupetaja latvija vara mediji un sabiedriba 1941 1945 |
title_sub | propaganda nacistu okupētajā Latvijā: vara, mediji un sabiedrība (1941 - 1945) |
topic | Besatzung fes Kriegsgeschichte fes Propaganda (DE-588)4076374-2 gnd Besetzung (DE-588)4006020-2 gnd |
topic_facet | Besatzung Kriegsgeschichte Propaganda Besetzung Lettland |
url | https://www.recensio.net/r/0498bc6ac46340df89e818d2daf2f7bd http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026641829&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=026641829&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT zelliskaspars iluzijuunbailumasinerijapropagandanacistuokupetajalatvijavaramedijiunsabiedriba19411945 |