Marine environmental pollution: 2 Dumping and mining
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
1981
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Elsevier oceanography series
27,2 |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cc4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV027062653 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20110228 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 110326s1981 |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)310758624 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV027062653 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-188 | ||
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Marine environmental pollution |n 2 |p Dumping and mining |c ed. by Richard A. Geyer |
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier |c 1981 | |
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Elsevier oceanography series |v 27,2 | |
| 490 | 0 | |a Elsevier oceanography series |v 27 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Geyer, Richard A. |4 edt | |
| 773 | 0 | 8 | |w (DE-604)BV026662331 |g 2 |
| 830 | 0 | |a Elsevier oceanography series |v 27,2 |w (DE-604)BV000005192 |9 27,2 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021406187&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021406187 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804144158862999552 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Bd. 2. Marine environmental pollution. Dumping and mining
Autor:
Jahr: 1981
CONTENTS
DEDICATION.............................................. V
PREFACE................................................. VII
GLOSSARY................................................ XI
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS..................................... XIII
INTRODUCTION by Richard A. Geyer.............................. 1
Common denominator questions................................ 3
(1) What are the origins of the actual and potential pollutants found in the
coastal zones and deep ocean?............................. 3
(2) What océanographie and biologic processes, including those of microbial
organisms could cause the ultimate degradation of pollutants?........ 5
(3) What must be known to be able to establish valid baselines to monitor
anomalous concentrations of pollutants?...................... 7
Heavy metals...................................... 8
Radioactivity...................................... 10
Ocean disposal..................................... 11
(4) What constitutes potentially harmful levels of pollutants in the marine
environment?........................................ 11
(5) What are the relative capacities of the coastal zone and the deep ocean
for disposing of these pollutants, as well as being a potential source of
living and non-living marine resources?........................ 12
Sewage.......................................... 13
Heavy metals...................................... 13
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB s)........................ 15
Dredge spoils...................................... 15
Deep-ocean mining................................... 16
(6) What are some of the advantageous effects of disposing of pollutants in
the marine environment?................................. 16
Petroleum hydrocarbons............................... 16
Deep-ocean mining................................... 17
Sewage.......................................... 18
Thermal effluents................................... 18
Conclusions.............................................. 18
Section A — Coastal Zone
CHAPTER 1. EFFECTS OF MUNICIPAL DISCHARGES ON OPEN COASTAL
ECOSYSTEMS by Alan J. Mearns
Introduction.............................................. 25
Study areas............................................ 27
Outfall locations and characteristics............................ 28
Concentrations and mass emission rates.......................... 29
Dilution and subsequent fate of pollutants........................ 32
Biological effects........................................... 35
The benthic environment................................... 35
Visual conditions around the discharge sites..................... 35
Benthic infauna........................................ 36
Bottom fish and larger invertebrate populations.................. 42
Diseased fish populations................................. 48
The inshore environment................................... 51
The pelagic environment.................................... 53
Pollutant residues in the coastal biota........................... 55
Processes and some relations to pollutants.......................... 56
Biostimulatory responses................................... 56
Toxic responses.......................................... 58
Food web accumulation of pollutants........................... 59
Rates of recovery and impact................................. 61
Conclusions.............................................. 64
CHAPTER 2. AN ECOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE GULF OF NAPLES AREA,
CONDUCTED DURING SEPTEMBER 15 TO OCTOBER 15, 1976, FOR
THE REGION OF CAMPANIA by Carl H. Oppenheimer, Dorothy
P. Oppenheimer and Roberto Blundo
Introduction.............................................. 67
Description of the area....................................... 73
Population............................................. 73
Physiographic features..................................... 75
Nutrients, oxygen, salinity, temperature and pH.................... 77
Urban development and impact on the Gulf of Naples.................. 94
Capri................................................. 95
Street runoff............................................. 100
Solid waste............................................... 102
Sewage effluent............................................ 109
Industrial development....................................... 114
Hydrocarbons............................................. 118
Naples port and boating activities............................... 125
Naples Harbor........................................... 125
Boating............................................... 126
Fishing................................................. 131
Discussion of waste treatment alternatives.......................... 133
Acknowledgements......................................... 141
CHAPTER 3. HEAVY METALS AND CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS IN
THE MEDITERRANEAN by Michael Bernhard
Introduction.............................................. 143
Concentration of heavy metals in the marine environment................ 143
Heavy metals in seawater................................... 144
Heavy metals in open-sea samples ............................ 144
Heavy metals in coastal waters................................ 148
Heavy metals in sediments................................... 153
Heavy metals in marine organisms.............................. 155
Pelagic organisms....................................... 155
Coastal and benthic organisms.............................. 162
Concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the marine environment....... 169
Chlorinated hydrocarbons in seawater........................... 173
Chlorinated hydrocarbons in open-sea samples .................... 173
Chlorinated hydrocarbons in coastal waters....................... 173
Chlorinated hydrocarbons in sediments.......................... 174
Open-sea sediments..................................... 174
Coastal sediments...................................... 174
Chlorinated hydrocarbons in marine organisms..................... 175
Pelagic organisms....................................... 175
Coastal and benthic organisms.............................. 177
Relative importance of heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbons......... 180
Intake of heavy metals from marine foods.......................... 181
Mercury............................................... 181
Other heavy metals....................................... 188
Effects of heavy metals on marine organisms...................... 190
Intake of chlorinated hydrocarbons from marine foods.................. 190
Effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons on marine organisms.............. 191
CHAPTER 4. HISTORY OF HEAVY-METAL INPUTS TO MISSISSIPPI DELTA
SEDIMENTS by John H. Trefry and Robert F. Shokes
Introduction.............................................. 193
Methods................................................ 195
Mississippi River metal flux.................................... 197
Heavy-metal record in Mississippi delta sediments..................... 200
Conclusions.............................................. 207
Acknowledgements......................................... 208
CHAPTER 5. HETEROTROPHIC MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN EXPERIMEN-
TALLY PERTURBED MARINE ECOSYSTEMS by P. A. Gillespie and
R. F. Vaccaro
Introduction.............................................. 209
Materials and methods....................................... 210
Results and discussion....................................... 213
Eutrophication studies..................................... 213
Hydrocarbon studies...................................... 213
Heavy-metal impacts........................................ 218
Mercury impacts......................................... 218
Copper effects.......................................... 221
Bacterial tolerance development................................. 222
Conclusions.............................................. 224
Acknowledgements......................................... 226
CHAPTER 6. DREDGING EQUIPMENT AND THE EFFECTS OF DREDGING
ON THE ENVIRONMENT by John B. Herbich
Introduction.............................................. 227
Dredging equipment......................................... 228
Mechanical dredges....................................... 228
Effect of mechanical dredge operations........................ 228
Hydraulic dredges........................................ 229
Dustpan dredge........................................ 230
Environmental effect of dustpan dredge operations.............. 231
Hydraulic pipeline cutterhead dredge......................... 231
Environmental effect of cutterhead dredge operations............ 233
Self-propelled trailing suction hopper dredge.................... 234
Environmental effect of hopper dredge operations............... 235
Power requirements and dredge production......................... 240
CHAPTER 7. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF UNCONFINED AND CON-
FINED DISPOSAL OF DREDGED MATERIALS IN OPEN WATER by
John B. Herbich
Effect of unconfined disposal of dredged materials in open water........... 241
Introduction.............................................. 241
Case histories............................................. 241
Effect of disposal in open water............................... 241
Results of the Dredged Material Research Program................... 244
Results from earlier studies.................................. 248
Effect of partly confined disposal of dredged material in open water or on land . 250
Confined disposal of dredged material in open water................. 251
Confined disposal of dredged material on land..................... 252
Effect of confined disposal of dredged material in open water............. 252
Evaluation of disposal sites.................................... 253
Unconfined disposal in open water............................. 253
Partly-confined or confined disposal in open water.................. 254
Partly -confined and confined disposal on land...................... 254
Fate of dredged materials disposed in open water and on land............. 254
Fluid mud............................................. 254
Dispersion............................................. 255
Effect of turbidity.......................................... 257
Conclusions.............................................. 259
Appendix................................................ 260
CHAPTER 8. CHANGES IN HARBOR ECOSYSTEM FOLLOWING IMPROVED
WASTE TREATMENT by Dorothy F. Soule
Introduction.............................................. 261
Birds................................................. 261
Fish................................................. 261
Benthic fauna........................................... 261
Historical background....................................... 262
Pollution control......................................... 263
Harbor s research........................................... 263
Harbors Environmental Projects (H.E.P.).......................... 263
Fish canneries and the ecosystem, 1971—1973....................... 265
Changes in waste treatment, 1973—1978........................... 266
Assimilation capacity...................................... 267
The ecosystem — 1978....................................... 268
Methods.............................................. 268
Results................................................. 269
The detrital food web...................................... 269
Birds................................................. 275
Intermediate consumers.................................... 275
Conclusions.............................................. 276
Section  — Ocean Disposal and Mining
CHAPTER 9. SUSPENDED MATTER AS A CARRIER FOR POLLUTANTS IN
ESTUARIES AND THE SEA by D. Eisma
Introduction.............................................. 281
Particulate matter in suspension................................. 282
Interaction between pollutants and suspended particles................. 287
Fluxes of suspended matter.................................... 290
Summary................................................ 295
CHAPTER 10. MARINE BIOLOGY NEEDED TO ASSESS THE SAFETY OF A
PROGRAM OF DISPOSAL OF HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE IN
THE OCEAN by M. V. Angel, M. J. R. Fasham and A. L. Rice
Introduction.............................................. 297
The oceanic ecosystem....................................... 297
Epipelagic zone.......................................... 298
Mesopelagic zone......................................... 299
Bathypelagic zone........................................ 300
Benthic zone........................................... 301
The influence of radioactive waste disposal on the oceanic ecosystem........ 302
Links between the deep-oceanic communities and the surface............. 303
Bioturbation............................................ 303
Movement by benthic organisms............................... 304
Migrations by mid-water organisms............................. 306
Quantification............................................ 308
Monitoring............................................... 310
Conclusions.............................................. 312
CHAPTER 11. THE NEW YORK BIGHT ECOSYSTEM by Charles G. Gunnerson
Introduction.............................................. 313
The natural background...................................... 313
Geological oceanography................................... 315
Physical oceanography..................................... 317
Chemical oceanography.................................... 321
Living marine resources.................................... 321
Economic development...................................... 325
Waste loadings............................................ 326
Chronic effects of waste discharges............................. 329
Shoreline effects....................................... 330
Near-shore effects...................................... 332
Offshore effects....................................... 337
Physical oceanography................................. 343
Geology........................................... 345
Metal concentrations.................................. 345
Fishes............................................ 345
Plankton.......................................... 348
Acute effects of waste discharges.............................. 353
June 1976 Long Island Beach pollution........................ 353
1976 anoxia and fish kill.................................. 359
Ecosystem modelling in the New York Bight........................ 371
Conclusions and recommendations............................... 376
Acknowledgements......................................... 376
Appendix — Selected bibliography............................... 376
CHAPTER 12. DEEP-OCEAN DUMPING OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES by Duane
C. Simpson, Thomas P. O Connor and P. Kilho Park
Introduction.............................................. 379
Existing legal framework...................................... 380
Site locations and general characteristics........................... 381
DWD-10e site study......................................... 383
Waste characteristics...................................... 383
Waste—seawater interaction.................................. 384
Waste dispersion......................................... 385
Waste plume advection..................................... 393
Biological effects......................................... 395
Discussion............................................... 400
CHAPTER 13. AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF MAN-DERIVED
WASTES ON THE VIABILITY OF THE GULF OF MEXICO by William
M. Sackett
Introduction.............................................. 401
The setting: The Gulf of Mexico................................. 401
Chemical contamination...................................... 403
Synthetic organic compounds................................ 407
Petroleum compounds..................................... 408
Heavy metals........................................... 409
Fate of the Gulf of Mexico.................................... 409
Acknowledgement.......................................... 414
CHAPTER 14. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DEEP-OCEAN MINING — THE
IMPORTANCE OF MANGANESE by Charles L. Morgan
Introduction.............................................. 415
Mass balance model for reject materials............................ 417
Problem definition........................................ 417
Computer model......................................... 418
Relevant aspects of manganese chemistry........................... 420
Oxidation—reduction processes............................... 420
Adsorption chemistry...................................... 421
Biological interactions..................................... 422
Potential relevance to natural systems........................... 423
Process reject disposal on land.................................. 424
Studies in natural systems................................... 424
Recent U.S. government-sponsored studies........................ 425
Summary — Land disposal of process rejects....................... 425
Effects upon marine ecosystems................................. 426
Geochemical cycling of dissolved and fine-grained manganese through the
oceans.............................................. 427
Mechanisms which remove manganese from seawater................. 428
Conclusions.............................................. 429
Freshwater systems....................................... 429
Marine systems — Mining operations............................ 430
Marine systems — Process reject materials discharge.................. 430
Appendix A.............................................. 432
Case 1: A simulation of the Ocean Management, Inc., SEDCO 445 ocean
mining test, April—May 1978........................... 432
(A) Description of the model inputs...................... 432
(1) Physical oceanography....................... 432
(2) Mining rejects composition.................... 432
(3) Discharge configuration....................... 432
(4) Calculation coefficients....................... 433
(B) Description of model outputs — Dispersion of fine particulates . 433
Case 2: Simulation of a 5000-t day 1 discharge of process rejects........ 434
(A) Description of the model inputs...................... 434
(B) Description of model outputs — Dilution of fluids.......... 434
Appendix  — A comparison of ocean mining vs. natural effects on the marine
environment............................................ 435
CHAPTER 15. IMPACTS OF MANGANESE NODULE MINING ON THE
ENVIRONMENT: RESULTS FROM PILOT-SCALE MINING TESTS IN
THE NORTH EQUATORIAL PACIFIC by E. Ozturgut, J. W. Lavelle and
R. E. Burns
Introduction.............................................. 437
Mining tests.............................................. 438
Surface discharge........................................... 441
Surface plume............................................. 443
Particulates............................................ 443
Dissolved materials....................................... 449
Trace metals............................................ 450
Pycnocline accumulation................................... 451
Light attenuation........................................ 451
Bacterial growth and oxygen demand............................. 452
Effect on phytoplankton..................................... 453
Decreased solar irradiance................................... 453
Nutrient enrichment...................................... 455
Species composition....................................... 457
Trace-metal uptake by phytoplankton........................... 458
Effect on macrozooplankton................................... 458
Mortality.............................................. 459
Ingestion.............................................. 459
Abundance and species composition............................ 461
Trace elements.......................................... 461
Effects of surface discharge on fish............................... 462
Direct effects........................................... 463
Indirect effects.......................................... 464
Benthic impact............................................ 464
Collector disturbance........................................ 464
Benthic plume.......................................... 465
Chemistry and mircobiological activity............................ 468
Effect on benthic fauna...................................... 469
Collector contact......................................... 470
Resedimentation......................................... 470
Increased particulate levels on benthic organisms.................... 472
Conclusion............................................... 472
Acknowledgements......................................... 474
CHAPTER 16. SEDIMENT DISPERSION AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS OF DEEP-OCEAN MINING IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL
PACIFIC OCEAN by Takashi Ichiye and Michael Carnes
Introduction.............................................. 475
Circulation in the mining area.................................. 476
Vertical current............................................ 479
Basic physical parameters for sediment diffusion...................... 485
Dispersion from a point-source.................................. 499
Eulerian diffusion: Steady-state diffusion........................... 503
Speculation on benefits of deep-ocean mining operations................ 509
Conclusions.............................................. 516
Acknowledgements......................................... 517
REFERENCES.............................................. 519
INDEX................................................... 561
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Geyer, Richard A. |
| author2_role | edt |
| author2_variant | r a g ra rag |
| author_facet | Geyer, Richard A. |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV027062653 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)310758624 (DE-599)BVBBV027062653 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01104nam a2200289 cc4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV027062653</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20110228 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">110326s1981 |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)310758624</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV027062653</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Marine environmental pollution</subfield><subfield code="n">2</subfield><subfield code="p">Dumping and mining</subfield><subfield code="c">ed. by Richard A. Geyer</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Amsterdam [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="b">Elsevier</subfield><subfield code="c">1981</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Elsevier oceanography series</subfield><subfield code="v">27,2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Elsevier oceanography series</subfield><subfield code="v">27</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Geyer, Richard A.</subfield><subfield code="4">edt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV026662331</subfield><subfield code="g">2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="830" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Elsevier oceanography series</subfield><subfield code="v">27,2</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV000005192</subfield><subfield code="9">27,2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HBZ Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021406187&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021406187</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV027062653 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:59:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021406187 |
| oclc_num | 310758624 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 |
| publishDate | 1981 |
| publishDateSearch | 1981 |
| publishDateSort | 1981 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Elsevier oceanography series |
| series2 | Elsevier oceanography series |
| spelling | Marine environmental pollution 2 Dumping and mining ed. by Richard A. Geyer Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 1981 txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Elsevier oceanography series 27,2 Elsevier oceanography series 27 Geyer, Richard A. edt (DE-604)BV026662331 2 Elsevier oceanography series 27,2 (DE-604)BV000005192 27,2 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021406187&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Marine environmental pollution Elsevier oceanography series |
| title | Marine environmental pollution |
| title_auth | Marine environmental pollution |
| title_exact_search | Marine environmental pollution |
| title_full | Marine environmental pollution 2 Dumping and mining ed. by Richard A. Geyer |
| title_fullStr | Marine environmental pollution 2 Dumping and mining ed. by Richard A. Geyer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Marine environmental pollution 2 Dumping and mining ed. by Richard A. Geyer |
| title_short | Marine environmental pollution |
| title_sort | marine environmental pollution dumping and mining |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021406187&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV026662331 (DE-604)BV000005192 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT geyerricharda marineenvironmentalpollution2 |